Copy of Distance_setting

Single Line Diagram:

Bina 400 KV

Gwalior400 KV 52

89

89

52

System Data: Local End: Remote End: Voltage: Circuit Length: Max. Loading PF Base Impedance: Max Loading: Max. Fault Current Min.Fault Current

132.00 0.45 25.50 0.90 174.24 123.93 56.94 70.00

Impedances:

All values are total values in % on 100MVA base

kV km MW Ω =((KV)^2)/MVA A pu % of Max. fault current

Positive Phase Sequence R1 X1 9.31E-04 2.22E-03 Mutual Zero Phase Sequence R0m X0m 0 0

Total Line Imepdence (Z1)

0.02

In ohms

Zero Seq. Impedence (Z0)

0.09

In ohms

Zero Phase Sequence R0 X0 2.33E-03 9.31E-03 Z1 Mag Z1 Angle Z0 Mag Z0 Angle Max. Fault current Min. fault current

0.00240363 67.2114 0.0096 75.9609

pu Deg pu Deg

9920.79 A 6944.553 A

Max.Fault MVA 13.0954428 MVA Min.Fault MVA 9.16680996 MVA

Page: 2 The Main Protection is a distance protection scheme using a D60 UR relay. The D30 consists of five phase and ground distance zones of protection (either mho or quadrilateral characteristics). In addition to the Main protection, the D30 also provides Powerswing Blocking, Directional Earth fault protection, Overvoltage protection, Fault Recording and VT supervision. Local End

Remote End End A CT

End B CT

F1

UR Relay - D60

CT Ratio: Ratio Used: VT Prim Voltage: VT Sec Voltage: VT Ratio: Relay Rating: Element Used: Ranges available

150/1 150 132 110 1200 1.0

/1 (kV) (V) :1

F5

F1

F5

FP2

FP1

Phase to Phase voltage Phase to Phase voltage

Amp(s)

DISTANCE Min - All Zones Reach - Max 0.02 500.00 Min - Relay Char Ang - Max 30 90

Step Size 0.01

Setting Criteria: Distance protection shall be set as follows: Zone 1 i) Reach at the line angle of 80% of the protected line (ii) Time delay - 0 seconds Zone 2 i) Reach at the line angle of 120% of the protected line ii) Time delay of 0.5 seconds. Zone 3 i) Reach at the line angle of 170% of the protected line ii) Time delay of 1.0 seconds.

1

values shown in secondary ohms values shown in Degrees

Page: 3 ZONE 1: Phase Settings: The relay characteristic angle should be set to match the characteristic angle of the protected line: +ve sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 RCA zero sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 RCA Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 Direction Shape of zone = Mho Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 Shape Required zone 1 reach = Time Delay on zone 1 =

0.0188 0.000

Ω sec seconds

= 0.8 * Z Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 Delay

The Phase Distance Z1 Comp Limit setting can be used to shape the operating characteristic of the zone: Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 Comp Limit The directional supervising function RCA and Comp Limit should be to the same as the distance element settings: 67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 DIR RCA 90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 DIR Comp Limit

The supervision function provides current supervision of the distance elements to avoid maloperation under fuse fail conditions. It is set above load if possible, but below 95% of the current for a fault at the limit of Zone 1. If the Fuse Fail function is arranged to block the distance function, then the setting shall be at minimum. Min Fault at 132 = 13.1 MVA = 763.624 Zone 1 Reach = 0.0188 Fault at limit of zone 1 = 763.643 = 57 A = 0.382 pu

Choose setting in range: 0 < Supervision < 0.382 Choose = 0.050 pu Ground Settings: Direction of Zone = Shape of zone = Z0/Z1 Magnitude = Z0/Z1 Angle = Ground distance reach = Comp Limit = Directional RCA = Directional RCA Comp Limit = Blinder = Reach *( Tan(RCA) 1/Sq.rt(3))/Tan(RCA

Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 Supervision

Forward Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Direction Quad Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Shape 3.99 Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Z0/Z1 Mag 9 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Z0/Z1 Ang 0.02 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Reach 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Comp Limit 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 DIR RCA 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 DIR Comp Limit 0.01 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Quad Right Bld 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Quad Right Bld RCA 0.01 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Quad Left Bld 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Quad Left Bld RCA 0.050 pu Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Supervision Time Delay on zone 1 = 0.000 seconds Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Delay Note: Z0/Z1 Magnitude and Angle are used for zero sequence compensation of the ground fault element

ZONE 2:

Page: 4

Phase Settings: The relay characteristic angle should be set to match the characteristic angle of the protected line: +ve sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 RCA zero sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 RCA Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 Direction Shape of zone = Mho Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 Shape Required zone 2 reach = Time Delay on zone 2 =

0.0283 0.500

Ω sec seconds

= 1.2 * Z Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 Delay

The Phase Distance Z2 Comp Limit setting can be used to shape the operating characteristic of the zone: Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 Comp Limit The directional supervising function RCA and Comp Limit should be to the same as the distance element settings: 67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 DIR RCA 90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 DIR Comp Limit

The supervision function provides current supervision of the distance elements to avoid maloperation under fuse fail conditions. It is set above load if possible, but below 95% of the current for a fault at the limit of Zone 1. If the Fuse Fail function is arranged to block the distance function, then the setting shall be at minimum. Min Fault 13.1 MVA = 0.399 Zone 1 Reach = 3.7052 Fault at limit of zone 1 = 4.104 = 3517 A = 3.517 pu

Choose setting in range: 0 < Supervision < 3.517 Choose = 0.050 pu Ground Settings: Direction of Zone = Shape of zone = Z0/Z1 Magnitude = Z0/Z1 Angle = Ground distance reach = Comp Limit = Directional RCA = Directional RCA Comp Limit =

Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 Supervision

Forward Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Direction Quad Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Shape 3.99 Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Z0/Z2 Mag 9 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Z0/Z2 Ang 0.03 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Reach 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Comp Limit 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 DIR RCA 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 DIR Comp Limit 0.01 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Quad Right Bld 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Quad Right Bld RCA 0.01 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Quad Left Bld 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Quad Left Bld RCA 0.050 pu Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Supervision Time Delay on zone 2 = 0.500 seconds Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Delay Note: Z0/Z1 Magnitude and Angle are used for zero sequence compensation of the ground fault element

ZONE 3:

Page: 5

Phase Settings: The relay characteristic angle should be set to match the characteristic angle of the protected line: +ve sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 RCA zero sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 RCA Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 Direction Shape of zone = Mho Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 Shape Required zone 3 reach = 0.0400 Time Delay on zone 3 = 1.000

Ω sec seconds

= 1.7 * Z Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 Delay

The Phase Distance Z3 Comp Limit setting can be used to shape the operating characteristic of the zone: Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 Comp Limit The directional supervising function RCA and Comp Limit should be to the same as the distance element settings: 67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 DIR RCA 90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 DIR Comp Limit The load blinder shall be set with the same RCA as above and the maximum allowable resistive reach: The supervision function provides current supervision of the distance elements to avoid maloperation under fuse fail conditions. It is set above load if possible, but below 95% of the current for a fault at the limit of Zone 1. If the Fuse Fail function is arranged to block the distance function, then the setting shall be at minimum. Min Fault at 13.1 MVA = 0.399 Zone 1 Reach = 3.7052 Fault at limit of zone 1 = 4.104 = 3517 A = 23.440 pu

Choose setting in range: 0 < Supervision < 23.44 Choose = 0.050 pu Ground Settings: Direction of Zone = Shape of zone = Z0/Z1 Magnitude = Z0/Z1 Angle = Ground distance reach = Comp Limit = Directional RCA = Directional RCA Comp Limit = Blinder = sqrt(3)*Reach *( Tan(RCA) -

Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 Supervision

Forward Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Direction Quad Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Shape 3.99 Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Z0/Z1 Mag 9.0000 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Z0/Z1 Ang 0.04 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Reach 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Comp Limit 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 DIR RCA 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 DIR Comp Limit 0.02 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Quad Right Bld 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Quad Right Bld RCA 0.00 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Quad Left Bld 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Quad Left Bld RCA 0.050 pu Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Supervision Time Delay on zone 3 = 1.000 seconds Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Delay Note: Z0/Z1 Magnitude and Angle are used for zero sequence compensation of the ground fault element

Power Swing Blocking: The Power Swing Blocking function is required, therefore apply the following settings: Is Power Swing Block Required:

Blinder = Reach *( Tan(RCA) 1/Sq.rt(3))/Tan(RCA)

Yes Enabled Quad Two step 0.05 0.04 0.04 87 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.008 0.03 0.006 0.1 0.05 ON

pu Ω sec Ω sec Degrees Ω sec Ω sec Ω sec Ω sec Ω sec Ω sec sec sec

Page: 6

Setting = POWER SWING DETECT Function Setting = Shape Setting = Mode Setting = Supv Setting = Reach Setting = Quad Fwd Out Setting = Fwd Rca Setting = Rev Reach Setting = Quad Rev Out Setting = Outer Rgt Bld Setting = Outer Lft Bld Setting = Inner Rgt Bld Setting = inner Lft Bld Setting = Delay 1 Pickup Setting = Delay 1 Reset Setting = Block Mode

Switch On To Fault Min Fault at 132 = Z fault = 3Io fault = Required current setting = = =

9.2 3272.817 207.5 159.6 1.064 1.064

MVA %

Undervoltage setting = LEO Pickup Delay = SOTF time = = High Speed AR Bypass =

0.850 0.000 0.200 0.200 Enabled

pu s s s

A prim pu pu

Less infeed from 0.45 = (3 * Z1s) + (2 * Z1ohl) + (Z0ohl) = 3 * Io

Setting = Phase IOC Line Pickup Setting = UV Pickup Setting = Line End Open Pickup Delay Setting = Line End Open Reset Delay Setting = OV Pickup Delay Setting = Autoreclose Coordination Bypass

Directional Earth Fault Element Used: Range available RCA

NEUTRAL EARTHFAULT DIR. OVERCURRENT I Pickup Min I Pickup Max Step Size 0.000 30.000 0.001 values shown pu (of Relay Rating) -90 Deg 90 Deg 1 Deg

Required current setting = = RCA

437.386 2.916 -15

A prim pu Degrees

MVA/(Sqrt(3) X KV)

VT Fuse Failure function:

Page: 7

This is designed to detect the loss of either 1, 2 or all 3 phase voltages. To detect the loss of 1 or 2 phases, the relay looks for a significant level of -ve sequence voltage, to detect loss of 3 phases, the relay looks for +ve sequence current and insignificant +ve sequence voltage. The fuse fail alarm is inhibited for a fault condition. As the settings for the voltage/current pickups are inbuilt to the relay, the only selectable setting for this function is to enable or disable it. Function Enabled Setting = VT Fuse Failure Function The associated time delay is set using TIMER 9 VT Fail Alarm Timer = 3

seconds

Setting = TIMER 9 Pickup Delay

The VT fuse fail can be used to block the operation of the Main Protection: Is VT Fuse Fail to block MP: Yes Normal setting is "Yes" Enabled (Block ON) Setting = LATCH 3 Function Phase Overvoltage Element Used

Flexi element 1,2 & 3 Enabled Enabled FxE 1 FxE 2 Vag RMS Vbg RMS SIGNED SIGNED LEVEL LEVEL OVER OVER 1.150 pu 1.150 pu 3.00% 3.00%

Element Used: PHASE OV1 Measured Quantity = Phase to Ground Required Under volts setting = 1.200 pu Characteristic = Definite Time Time Delay = 0.00 Minimum voltage = 0.300

Stage1 for Alarm Enabled FxE 3 Vcg RMS SIGNED LEVEL OVER 1.150 pu 3.00%

Setting = Flexielement Function Setting = input Setting = Input Mode Setting = Compartor Mode Setting =Direction Type Setting = Pickup Level Setting = Hystersis

Stage 2 For Trip Setting = PHASE U/V1 Mode Setting = PHASE U/V1 Pickup Setting = PHASE U/V1Curve Setting = PHASE U/V1 Delay Setting = PHASE U/V1

UR Distance Quadrilateral Blinder at Load Angle Calculations Milliseconds 20 0.300 s 0.000 s OFF Self-reset Enabled

Milliseconds 20 0.000 s 0.000 s OFF Self-reset Disabled

Reach

RCA

Page: 8

Milliseconds

Milliseconds 20

0.000 s 0.000 s OFF Self-reset Disabled Reach

Load Line = Blinder Line

Blinder RCA

RCA Load Angle= 30 Deg

= BldRCA Load Angle= 30 Deg

Blinder Setting =BldStg

Blinder Setting =BldStg

X

X

20 0.000 s 0.000 s OFF Self-reset Disabled Load Line = Blinder Line

Blinder RCA = BldRCA

Blinder : Blinder : tan( BldRCA y  tan( BldRCA y  tan( ) .x  BldRCA ) .x ) .(tan( BldStg BldRCA ) ) .( BldStg ) Load :

Load :

 1   1  y  tan(30y) .x tan(  30 .x) .x   .x  3  3 and y:  y , therefore : When linesWhen meet, xlines  X meet, and y x y, X therefore

 1   tan( tan( BldRCA ) . X ).( tan( BldRCA ) ) . XBldRCA  tan( BldRCA BldStg )   ) .(.BldStg X X

tan( BldRCA tan( BldRCA ).( BldStg )  ).( BldStg )  X 

 3

1  . X  3

   1   1   tan( BldRCA  tan( )  BldRCA     )   3 3                2  2. tan( BldRCA 2 . tan( BldRCA )  ).( BldStg )   ).(2BldStg Re ach  XRe . tan( ach 30) XX..tan(30 )  X.   1  3  3    1     )3. tan(BldRCA  3. tan( BldRCA    )      3     3      

   1     1     3. Re ach.tan(3BldRCA . Re ach). tan( )    BldRCA       3    3     And And : BldStg  : BldStg    ).( BldStg ) BldRCA 2. tan( BldRCA2).(. tan( BldStg )            