Conversions(ORGANIC)

Class –XII

ORGANIC CONVERSIONS

Ascent of Series R

alc. KCN

X

R

Alky l halide

Descent of Series

LiAlH 4

CN

R

Reduction

Nitrile

CH 2 NH2

Primary amine

Organic compound

RCONH 2 Acid amide



Br 2

R NH 2 Amine

KOH

( NaNO 2 & HCl )

HNO 2

( NaNO 2 & HCl )

+

R

RCOOH

NH 3

HNO 2

Hy droly sis H3O

RCOOH Carboxy lic acid

Carboxy lic acid or aldehy de

CH 2 OH

Oxidation

Oxidation

R OH Primary alcohol

Organic compound For aromatic conversion take the help of benzenediazonium chloride Ethyne into benzene Primary alcohol

Carboxy lic acid

3 CH

Ethene into benzene H2C

Br

Br 2

CH2

Br

H2C

Hexane into benzene

Red-Hot-Cu Tube Polymerisation

CH

Alc. KOH

CH 2

HC

CH

Red-Hot-Cu Tube Polymerisation

CH3

H 2C

CH3

H 2C

 3 H2

773 K / 10 -20 atm. ( - H2 )

CH2

Hexane

Aromatisation

Cr2O7 / V2O5 / Mo2O3

CH2

Cyclohexane

Benzene

Benzene into p-nitrobromobenzene Br 2 / FeBr3

HNO 3 / H2SO 4

Br

Benzene into m-nitrochlorobenzene

O 2N

NO 2

Br NO 2

HNO 3 / H2SO 4

Cl2 / FeCl3

Cl

Benzene into p-nitrotoluene CH 3Cl / anhy. AlCl

3

HNO 3 / H2SO 4

CH3

Benzene into Acetophenone H3C

C

SOCl 2

CH 3CH 2OH

CH 3CH 2Cl

( Pyridine )

H3C

CH3

HC

CH 3CH 2Br

H2C

CH2

Br 2

CNa

HC

 NaCl Br

Alc. KOH

C

Anhy. AlCl 3

Cl

Ethane to Bromoethene Br 2

CH3

O

O

+ Ethanol into but-1-yne

O 2N

H2 C

CH3

CCH 2CH 3

Br CH 2

Alc. KOH

H2C

CH

Propene into 1-nitropropane H3C

CH

CH2

HBr ( Peroxide )

H3C

CH 2

Ethanoic acid into Benzene H3C

COOH

aq NaOH

H3C

COONa

CH 2 Br

Sodalime



AgNO 2

 AgBr CH4

Cl 2 / h

H3C

CH 2

H3C

Cl

CH 2 NO 2

Na / Dryether

H3C

Cl 2 / h

Red hot iron tube 873 K Br

HC

CH

NaNH 2

H2C

CH3

CH

Br

Alc. KOH

H2 C

Br CH 2

Br 2

H2C

CH2

Alc. KOH

Cl CH 2 CH3

Br

Class –XII

ORGANIC CONVERSIONS

Toluene into Benzyl alcohol Cl

Cl 2 / Boil  HCl

CH3

Propene into Propyne H3C

CH

OH

Aq. KOH

CH2

CH2

Br

Br 2 CCl 4

CH2

H3C

Br

HC

alc. KOH

CH 2

Ethanol into Fluoroethane H3C

SOCl 2

CH 2 OH

H3C

( Pyridine )

Alc. KCN

CH 3Br

H3C

( ether )

But-1-ene into But-2-ene H3C

CH 2

CH

CH

CH 2 F CH3

+

C

H2 O / H

NMgBr

H3C

C

O

Br HBr

CH2

C

H3C

 Hg 2Cl 2

CH3 CH 3MgBr

CH 3CN

 KBr

Hg 2F 2

CH 2 Cl

Bromomethane into Propanone

H3C

NaNH 2

H3C

1- Chlorobutane into n- Octane

H3C

Benzene into Biphenyl

CH 2 HC

CH3

CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 Cl

+

Br 2 / FeBr 3

Propene into Propan-1-ol H3C

CH

2 H3C

Peroxide

1- Bromopropane into 2-Bromopropane H3C

H3C

Dry ether ( Wurtz reaction )

2 Na

CH

CH

CH3

H3C

( CH 2 ) 6

CH3

Na / Dryether

Br

HBr

CH2

alc. KOH

Aq. KOH

CH 2 CH 2 Br

H3C

CH 2 CH 2 OH Br

alc. KOH

CH 2 CH 2 Br

H3C

CH

HBr

CH2

H3C

CH

CH3

Benzyl alcohol into 2-Phenylethanoic acid CH2

OH

SOCl 2

CH2

KCN

Cl

Ethanol into Propanenitrile H3C

SOCl 2

CH 2 OH

Aniline into Chlorobenzene

H3C

( Pyridine )

2-Chlorobutane into 3,4-Dimethylhexane 2 H3C

CH 2

+

N2 Cl

CH3 CH Cl

H2O / H

CH2COOH

KCN

CH 2 Cl

NaNO2 / HCl

NH2

+

CN

CH2

-

H3C

CH 2 CN

CuCl / HCl

Cl

CH3

Na / Dryether

H3C

CH 2

CH

CH CH 2 CH3

CH3

2-Methylpropene into 2-Chloro- 2-methylpropane

Cl

H3C

Ethylchloride into Propanoic acid H3C

H3C

CH 2

CH

HBr Peroxide

CH2

2-Chloropropane into Propan-1-ol H3C

Isopropyl alcohol into Idoform H3C

Chlorobenzene into p-nitrophenol

HCl

CH2

H3C

C CH3

CH3

+

KCN

CH 2 Cl

But-1-ene into n-butyliodide

C CH3

H3C

Cl CH

H3C

CH3

CH 2

CH

CH 2

CH 2 Br

H 3C

CH

I 2 / Na 2CO 3 CH3 Cl

NaI Acetone

H3C

H3C

B2H6

alc. KOH

OH

H2 O / H

CH 2 CN

 CH3COONa NaOH 623 K / 300 atm.

H2O 2 / OH

CH2

CH 2 COOH

CH 2

CH 2

H3C

CH2

CH 2 I

CH2

OH

CHI 3 OH

HNO3 / H2SO 4

O 2N

OH

Class –XII

ORGANIC CONVERSIONS

2- Bromopropane into 1-Bromopropane H3C

CH

alc. KOH

HBr

CH3

CH

H 3C

CH2

tert.butyl bromide into Isobutyl bromide

CH3

CH3 H3C

C

alc. KOH

CH3

H3C

H3C

Peroxide

Br

CH2

CH2

Br

HBr

C

CH2

H3C

Peroxide

CH

CH2

Br

+

3 H 2O

CH3

Br

Aniline into Phenylisocyanide

+

NH2

Propene into Propan-2-ol

+

CHCl 3

( w arm )

3 KOH

+

NC

3 KCl

Br

H3C

CH

HBr

CH2

Benzyl chloride into Benzyl alcohol

H3C

CH2

HO

aq. KOH

CH CH3

H3C

aq. KOH

Cl

CH2

CH CH3

OH

Ethylmagnesium chloride into Propan-1-ol O H3C

+

CH 2 MgCl

H

C

+

H3C

H

H2 O / H

OM gCl

CH 2 CH 2

H3C

CH 2 CH 2

OH

Methylmagnesium bromide into 2-Methylpropan-2-ol OMgBr

O

+

CH 3MgBr

H3C

C

H3C

CH3

C

OH

+

H2 O / H

CH3

H3C

H3C

Butan-1-ol into Butanoic acid

C

CH3

H3C

CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2OH Jones reagent ( CrO 3 - H 2SO 4 )

CH 3CH 2CH 2COOH

Benzyl alcohol into phenylethanoic acid HBr

CH2 OH

KCN

CH2 Br

H 3O

CH2 CN

Mg Ether

O 2N

CO2

Mg Br

CH2 COOH



3-Nitrobromobenzene into 3-Nitrobenzoic acid Br

+

H 3O

COOMgBr

( Dry ice )

+

COOH

 O 2N

O 2N

O 2N

4-Methylacetophenone into Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid H 3C

COCH 3

KMnO 4 / KOH

KOOC

COOK

Cyclohexene into Hexane-1,6-dioic acid

dil. H2SO4

HOOC

COOH

COOH

KM nO4 - H2SO4 Heat

Butanal into Butanoic acid H C 3

CH 2

CH 2

Ethylbenzene into Benzoic acid

Mg

dil. NaOH

O

C

COOK

H3C

OH HC

CH 2

CH 2 H 3O

H 3O

COOH

+

COOH

+

COOH

H2O

COOH

OMg Br

CH2 CH

Ethanal into Butane-1,3-diol CHO

COOK

Adipic acid

O

C

Phenylethene ( Styrene ) into Benzoic acid H3C

KMnO 4 / KOH

O

Mg Br

H3C

KMnO 4 / KOH

COCH 3

Bromobenzene into Benzoic acid Br

Tollen's reagent

CHO CH2CH3

Acetophenone into Benzoic acid

COOH

CH2

CHO

KMnO 4 / KOH

LiAlH4

COOK

H 3O

CH

COOH

OH

OH H 3C

+

CH 2

CH 2

Class –XII

ORGANIC CONVERSIONS

Ethanal into But-2-enal H3C

dil. NaOH

CHO

OH H3C

Heat

HC

CH2



CHO

Ethanal into But-2-enoic acid H3C

dil. NaOH

CHO

OH H3C

CH

CH2

Heat

H3C

H2O

CHO

Benzene into methylbenzoate

H3C

H2O

CH

CH

CHO

CH

CH

Tollen's reagent

CH 3

Anhy. AlCl3

H3C

CH

COOH COOCH 3

CH3OH ( H2SO 4 )

CH 3

Anhy. AlCl3

COOH

COOH

KM nO4 / OH

CH 3Cl

Benzene into m-Nitrobenzoic acid

CH

COOH

 KM nO4 / OH

CH 3Cl

CHO

HNO 3

H2 SO 4 NO2

Benzene into p-Nitrobenzoic acid

CH 3Cl

HNO 3

CH 3

Anhy. AlCl3

H2 SO 4

H 3C

KM nO4 / OH HOOC

NO 2

NO 2

Benzene into p-Nitrobenzaldehyde CH 3Cl

HNO 3

CH 3

Anhy. AlCl3

H 3C

H2 SO 4

NO 2

CrO2Cl2 / CS2

OHC

+

NO 2

H3O

Benzene into Phenylacetic acid CH 2 Cl

CH 3

Cl 2 / Boil

CH 3Cl

CH 2CN

KCN

H2O / H

CH 2COOH

+

Anhy. AlCl3

Propanone into propene

O H3C

Propanal into butanone CH 3CH 2CHO

C

LiAlH4

CH3

OH H3C

HC

H2SO4 (conc.)

CH3

H3C

Heat

H2O / H

+

H3C

Ethanol into 3-hydroxybutanal CH 3CH 2OH

CH 2

CH

Anhydrous CrO 3 OR Cu / 573 K

Benzaldehyde into benzophenone

CHO

CH2

O

OH

CH 3MgBr

CH

CH3

K2Cr 2O7 / H2SO4

CH 3CHO

H3C

CH 2

CH3

OH

Dil. NaOH Aldolcondensation

H3C

HC

CH 2

CHO

O

COOH

K2Cr 2O7 / H2SO4

C

Ca(OH) 2

C

Heat

Benzaldehyde into 3-phenylpropan-1-ol CH

CHO

+

CH

CHO

dil.NaOH CH3CHO ( Cross aldolcondensation )

H2 / Ni

CH 2

CH 2

CH 2 OH

CH

CH

CH 2 OH

Benzaldehyde into 3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ol CH

CHO

+

dil.NaOH CH3CHO ( Cross aldolcondensation )

CH

CHO

NaBH4 / CH3OH

Benzaldehyde into -Hydroxyphenylacetic acid

HO

O

HO

CH

+

C H

Benzoic acid into m-Nitrobenzyl alcohol

CN

HCN

+

H2O / H

COOH

COOH

+

NO 2

Benzoic acid into Benzaldehyde

COOH

SOCl2

COCl

COOH

CH 2 OH

B 2H 6 / H3O

HNO 3 / H2SO4

CH

Pd / BaSO4

Rosenmund reduction

NO 2 CHO

Class –XII

ORGANIC CONVERSIONS

Benzene into m-Nitroacetophenone

Bromobenzene into 1-Phenylethanol Mg

Br

C

H3C

Chloroethane into propan-1-amine CH 2

H

H3C

CH 2

CH

LiAlH 4

N

C

+

H3C

Reduction

CH 2

C

CH 2

Benzene into Aniline

N

CH 2

NH2

CH 2

NH2

CH 2

Reduction

HNO3 / H2 SO 4

Sn / HCl

NO 2

NH2

Reduction

Benzene into N,N-dimethylaniline HNO3 / H2 SO 4

CH3

H 2 / Ni

Ethanolic NaCN

Cl

H 3O

CH3

Chlorophenylmethane into 2-Phenylethanamine CH 2

CH3

HO

CH

Ethanolic NaCN

Cl

C

+

-

O MgBr

C

O

HNO3 / H2SO4

CH 3

O

Mg Br

H3C

O 2N

O

CH 3COCl / AlCl3

Sn / HCl

NO 2

Reduction

CH3

CH3 Br

NH2

N CH3

1,6-Dichlorobutane into hexane-1,6-diamine Cl

( CH 2 ) 4

KCN

Cl

NC

LiAlH 4

( CH 2 ) 4 CN

H2NH 2C

( CH 2 ) 4

CH 2NH 2

4-Nitrotoluene into 2- bromobenzoic acid CH 3

CH3

CH 3

CH 3 Br

Br 2

Sn / HCl

NO2

NO 2

CH 3

H3PO2

273-278 K

H2O

OH



+ N 2BF 4

+ N 2 Cl

NH 2

+ HCl

NaNO2

+ N 2 Cl

NH2 Br

Br NaNO2

( CH 2)4

C

N

H3C

H 2O 2

Methanol into ethanoic acid

H3C

OH

Br

+ HCl

Br

H3C

CONH

Br 2 2

KCN

Cl

+

4 KOH

H3C

H3C

NaNO 2

+

HCl

( HNO 2 )

Methanamine into ethanamine CH 3NH 2

NaNO 2

+

HCl

( HNO 2 )

H3C

KMnO 4

CH3CH2OH

OH

SOCl2

OH

CH3COOH

H3C

Cl

KCN

NH3

CH 3CONH 2

 H3C

CN

( CH2)3 H2O / H +

CN

Etahnamine into methanamine CH3CH2NH2

Br

H3PO2

Br

( CH 2)4

SOCl2

CH3

Br

Br

Br

H3C



Cu CH3

CH3

aq. Br2

Hexanenitrile into 1-aminopentane H2O / HO

NO2

HBF 4

CH 3

Aniline into 1,3,5-tribromobenzene

Br

KMnO 4

N Cl

N +

NaNO2

NH2

Br

NaNO2 / HCl

NH 2

3-Methylaniline into 3-nitrotoluene

COOH

Br

Br

Br 2

LiAlH 4

+

4 KOH

CH 2

NH2

CH 3COOH

CH 3NH 2

CH3CH2NH2

Ethanoic acid into Propanoic acid CH3COOH

B 2H 6 / H3O

+

CH3CH2OH

SOCl2

Propanoic acid into ethanoic acid CH3CH2COOH

NH3



CH3CH2 CONH2

Br 2

CH3CH2Cl

+

4 KOH

KCN

CH3CH2NH2

CH3CH2CN

NaNO 2

+

( HNO 2 )

HCl

H2O / H +

CH3CH2OH

CH3 CH2 COOH KMnO 4 OH 

CH3COOH

Class –XII

ORGANIC CONVERSIONS

Nitromethane into dimethylamine Ethanoic acid into methanamine NH3

CH 3COOH

CH 3CONH

 Nitrobenzene into benzoic acid NO2

Sn / HCl

Sn / HCl

CH3 NO2

+

Br2 2

4 KOH

+ 

Benzoic acid into aniline

NH3

COOH

Br2 / KOH

NH2

Aniline into p-Bromoaniline

C

CH3

NH2

CH3

CH3

+

Br

NH2

+ 

N2 BF 4 Br

Br

F Br

Br



Cu

273-278 K Br

Br

NaNO2

HBF4

NaNO2 / HCl

Br

C

N2 Cl

Br

Br

aq. Br2

NH

+ 

NH2

HO / H -

Br

CH3COOH

Aniline into 2,4,6-tribromofluorobenzene

NH2

CH3Cl Anhyd. AlCl 3

O

Br2 NH

COOH

4 KOH

H3PO2 / H2O

N2 Cl

273-278 K

O

( CH3CO )2O Pyrid ine

NH2

+ 

NaNO2 / HCl

2 H 2O

H2O / H +

N

+

Br2

+

2 KBr

C

CONH2



Benzamide into toluene CONH2

+

CuCN

N2 Cl

273-278 K

(CH3) 2NH

K2CO 3

+

CH 3NH 2

NaNO2 / HCl

NH2

CH3 Cl

CH3NH2

6 [H]

Br

Br

Br

Aniline into benzyl alcohol NH2

+  CuCN

NaNO2 / HCl

N2 Cl

273-278 K

LiAlH4

CN

Chlorobenzene into p-Chloroaniline

CH2NH2

HNO 3

Cl

Cl

+ 

Benzene into m-bromophenol NO2

Br2

H 2SO4

FeBr3

273-278 K

CuCl

NaNO2 / HCl

273-278 K

CH 2CH 2NH 2

+  N 2 Cl

I

KI / Heat

NaNO2 / HCl

Sn/ HCl

273-278 K

+ 

NH2

LiAlH4

CH2 CN

NH2

NO 2

NO2

KCN

CH2 Cl

m-Nitroaniline into m-Chloroiodobenzene

Br

Br

Br

Benzyl chloride into 2- Phenylethanamine

NH2

Boil H2O

NaNO2 / HCl

Sn/ HCl

Cl

OH

N 2 Cl

NH2

NO2

Br

NO2

CH2OH

Sn/ HCl

NO2

H 2SO4

HNO 3

NaNO2 / HCl

Aniline into Benzoic acid

NH2

Cl

Cl

Cl

N2 Cl

+

+  CuCN

NaNO2 / HCl

N2 Cl

273-278 K

Cl

H2 O / H

CN

COOH

p-Chloroaniline into p-Chlorobenzylamine Cl

NH2

NaNO2 / HCl

273-278 K

+ 

Cl

N 2 Cl

CuCN

Toluene into m-Bromotoluene CH3

CH3

NO 2

m- Dinitrobenzene into m-Dichlorobenzene

Cl

CH2 NH2

CH3

NHCOCH 3

Sn/ HCl

(ii) H3PO2 / H2O

Br NHCOCH3

NH2

Cl

2

CuCl

NaNO2 / HCl NH2

Br

Br

+  N Cl 273-278 K

NO 2

(i) Diazotisation

H2 O / H

NH2

NO 2

CH3

CH3 +

CH 3COOH

Pyridine NH2

LiAlH4

Br2

( CH3CO )2 O

H 2SO4

CN

CH3

CH3

LiAlH4

HNO 3

Cl

+ 

N 2 Cl

Cl

Class –XII

ORGANIC CONVERSIONS

Class –XII

ORGANIC CONVERSIONS