Contribución Al Conocimiento y Manejo Agroecologico de La Problematica Fitosanitaria Cardinal Del Cultivo de Platano

 

K@^EPY K@^E PYG GXKPJK IJXK^GM IJXK^GMJX JXGPJ GPJK K

Estgnjþm Experjaemtgc, Autjce, Esaergchgs Ignuctgh Ignuctg h he Njemnjgs Gorkpenugrjgs y Ga`jemtgces Umjversjhgh Xênmjng Cujs Ygrogs Xkrres he Esaergchgs

 

NKMIEPEMNJG

Nkmtrj`unjþm gc knkmknjajemtk y agmelk gorkenkcþojnk gorkenkcþojn he cg prk`ceaç prk`ceaçtjng tjng ijtksgmjtgrjg ngrhjmgc ngrhjmgc hec nuctjvk he pcçtgmk

 

Cg cu cunb nbg g nkmtrg c gs p pcc gog ogs s he h ec `gmgmk `gmg mk y pcçtg p cçtgmk mk

 

Aámjak Cg Cey hec Aámja k VPJMNJVGC VPK@CEAG ^K@PE EC EMXEMHJAJEMXK HEC AGMELK HE VCG VCGOG^ OG^

NKMXPKCG NKMXPK CGP P CG^ CG ^ VCGOG^ VCGOG ^ Z MK CG^ CG ^ NGU^G^ NGU^G^ VKP CG^ NUGCE^ E^XG^ E^X G^ G PPJ@G PPJ@GM M Z ^E JMNPEAEMX JMNPEAEMXG GM EM CK^ C K^ NG NGAVK^ AVK^ NUCX NUCXJY JYG G HK^

 

VPK@CEAÇXJNG VPK@CEAÇ XJNG IJXK^GMJX IJXK^GMJXGPJG GPJG NGPHJMGC HE^jo EMIEPAEHGHE^ HEC @GMGMK Z VCGXGMK ^jogt gtkd kdgg meo meorrg Ajnkspbgereccg ijljemsjs Agc he Vgmgaç Iusgrjua kxyspkrjua vgr  •

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nu`emsjs rgzg 8 •

Akddk `g Ak `gte terj rjgm gmk k Pgcstkmjg skcgmgnegrua rgzg 0

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Vuhrjnjþm hec pseuhktgcck pkr Erwjmjg spp. Yjrus hec Estrjghk hec `gmgmk (@^Y)

 

^JOGXKDG MEOPG (Ajnkspbgereccg ijljemsjs)

 

Njnck Njn ck ep epjiá jiátjn tjnk k he ^^jo jogt gtkdg kdg meo meorg rg

 

AGC HE VGMGAG Iusgrjua kxyspkrjua pv pv.. nu`emsjs nu`emsjs rgz rgzgg 8

 

NJNCK EVJIJXJNK HE AGC HE VGMGAG

 

VUHPJNJKM @CGMHG Erwjmjg spp.

 

AKDK @GNXEPJGMK

 

Hg÷ks pkr AKDK `gnterjgmk em rgnjaks y irutks

 

Yjrus hec rg rgyghk yghk hec `gmgmk (@^Y)

 

VCGOG^ HEC @GMGMK YENXKPE^ G^KNJGHK^ GNGPK^< Gheaçs he cks hg÷ks hjrentks que prkvkngm gc nuctjvk cgs espenjes Xetrgmjnbus tuajhus y Pgkeccjg jmhjng, ga`gs jmicuyem em cg hjseajmgnjþm e jmjnjk he Epjijt Epjijtjgs jgs he ^jogtkdg meorg y hec Yjrus hec Estrjghk hec `gmgmk (@^Y) VJNUHK^< Nksakpkcjtes skrhjhus Vcgog jmsentjc em orghk supreak pkr hg÷ks gc nkrak y rjzkags. Gntüg nkak ventkr he meagtkhks cesjkmghkres cesjkmghkres he rgánes y pseuhktgcck y he he ijtkpgt ijtkpgtþoemks þoemks `gnterjgmks, várjnks y iumojnks. MEAGXKHK^< Jmnjhe um nkapcelk `jkcþojnk nkapuestk prjmnjpgcaemte MEAGXKHK^< prjmnjpgcaemte pkr cgs espenjes Pghkpbkcus sjajcjs, Vrgtjcemnbu Vrgtjcemnbucus cus nkiiege, Pktycemnbucus remjikrajs, Becjnktycemnbus auctjnjmtus y Aeckjhkoyme spp. Gntügm nkak ventkres he Ijtkpgtþoemks Ijtkpgtþo emks ajnrk`jgmks (bkmoks, `gnterjgs, rjndetts rjnd ettsjgs, jgs, ijtkpcgsags ijtkpcgsags y vjrus). vjrus).

 

Çngrks ijtþigoks ventkres he Ijtkpgtþoemks

P. jmhjng

Grg÷g rklg (X. tuajhus)

Hg÷ks pkr grg÷g rklg

 

Yentkres pcgogs jmsentjces Vjnuhks

 

Vjnuhk meork hec pcçtgmk (Nksakpkcjtjs skrhjhus)

 

Njnck he Yjhg he N. skrhjhus (hágs)

9-:

5-9

78-06

 

Nkapcelk `jkcþojnk mknjvk he meagtkhks ventkres he Ijtkpgtþoemks

Njnck `jkcþojnk

 

Hg÷ks pkr meagtkhks cesjkmghkres he cgs rgánes hec pcçtgmk

 

Meagtkhks Meagt khks ijtkpgtþoe ijtkpgtþoemks mks he rgánes rgánes P. sjajcjs

V. nkiiege

Aeckjhkoyme spp

 

BJVKXE^J^ G^KNJGNJKM HE VCGOG^ HEC @GMGMK EM CG HJ^EAJMGNJKM E JMIE^X JM IE^XGNJKM GNJKM VKP IJXKVGXKOEMK^

 

»Nþak agme agmelgr lgr cks ck s rjesoks; r jesoks; Ngpgnjtgnjþm Peoucgnjkmes Xenmkckoág

 

Usk he hknu hknuaemtks aemtks y h hg gtks em nugcqujer tjp tjpk k he skpkrte. Ele leapcks< apcks< vjhe vjheks, ks, iktkorg iktkorgiá iág gs, esnrjtks, esnrjtks, orç orçijnks, ijnks, ae aehjk hjk ecentrþmjnk centrþmjnk

 

VPKZENXK JMYE^XJOGNJKM „ JMMKYGNJKM XENMKCKOJNG

 

EMXJHGHE^ E JM^XJXUNJKME^ VGPXJNJVGMXE^ •

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Umjversjhgh Xênmjng Cujs Ygrogs Xkrres he Esaergchgs Cjher Oestkr hec Vrkyentk (UXE-CYX) Umjversjhgh he Krjemte, ^gmtjgok he Nu`g (UK) Jmstjtutk Mgnjkmgc he Jmvestjognjkmes he ^gmjhgh Yeoetgc (JMJ^GY) Umjversjt Umjv ersjtee Mkuvj Mkuvjcce cce Orgmh‚ Gmse, Lereaje, Bgjtá (UMOG) Esnuecg ^uperjkr Vkcjtênmjng hec Cjtkrgc, Ougyg Ougygqujc qujc (E^VKC) Jmstjtut hes skcs et he c'gorknbjaje he Akmtpeccjer (J^GIrgmne) Ijmgmnjstg

 

VGPXJNJVGMXE^ NKAK ELENUXKPE^ V VPJMNJVGCE^ PJMNJVGCE^ •

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Hjrentkr-Oestkr hec Vrkyentk < Jmo. Irgmnjsnk Gmo Hjrentkr-Oestkr Gmoec ec ^jaþm Pjngrhk Vb.H Vb.H.. UXE< Jmo. Pemê Mgzgremk Krtjz A.^n4 Jmo. Hkckres Gmhrghe A.^n.4 Jmo. @emjtk Ouerrerk4 Cjn. Lemjiier Nehe÷k A.^n. Z Jmo. Pgaþm ^gmtks ^gmtks Vb. H. UK< Jmo. Cekmec Gcigmg Gcigmg A.^n.4 Jmo. Cjcjgm @çr`grg A.^n.4 Jmo Ajrjeccg Pjzk A.^n.4 Cjn. Cjcjgmg Oþaez Cumg Cumg Vb.H. 4 e Jrgseag Vghjccg Vb. Vb. H. UMENG< UMEN G< Jmo. Jmo. Agxjae Agxjae Pkumet Pkumet PentkrPentkr- ^emghkr ^emghkr he cg Pepü` Pepü`cjng cjng E^VKC< Jmo. Ockrjg Nughrg Vb.H. JMJ^G JMJ^GY< Vêrez Yjnemte Vb. H.4 Hgcojs Ouerrerk A.^n.4 Ickrg Pjzk Pjzk A.^n.Y< Jmo. Cujs Vêrez J^G-Irgm J^G-I rgmne< ne< Jmo. He`rkm He`rkm Akrjgt Akrjgt Vb. H. H.

 

ELE^ XEAG XEAGXJNK^ XJNK^ •

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Jmvemtgrjk y hjgomþstjnk nkmijragtjvk he cg prk`ceaçtjng Jmvemtgrjk ijtksgmjt ijtk sgmjtgrjg grjg ngrh ngrhjmgc jmgc hec `gmg `gmgmk mk y pctçmgk em ec Enughkr Vrk`gr Bjpþtesjs he gsknjgnjþm he pcgogs nksakpkcjtgs hec `gmgmk em hjseajmgnjþm e jmiestgnjþm he ijtkpgtþoemks Jmtrkhunjr Jmtrkhunj r, japceaemtgr y hesgr hesgrrkcck he Jmvestjognjkme Jmvestjognjkmes s em agterjg he Cunbg `jkcþojng y rkcck prkhunnjþm he `jkpcgoujnjhgs Estrgteojgs Estrgt eojgs he AJVE em `gmgmk y pcçtgmk

 

U@JNGNJKM HE CG^ GPEG^ ERVEPJAEMXGCE^

8

0> 7> >

78 05 5

7 75

>7 0

09  

VPJMNJVGCE^ PE^UCXGHK^ •

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Jmvemtgrjk y hjgomþstjnk he cg prk`ceaçtjng ijtksgmjt Jmvemtgrjk ijtksgmjtgrjg grjg ngrhjmgc hec `gmgmk y pcçtgmk pcçtgmk em Esaergchgs< 0 Gngrks rgspghkres4 rgspghkres4 ? Meagtkhks cesjkmghkres he rgánes rgánes y > Gogccerks.Mkhucghkres Gogccerks.Mkhucghkres hec oêmerk Aeckjhkoyme4 Aeckjhkoyme4 Vjnuhk meork nkak prjmnjpgc pcgog jmsentjc y 9 espenjes he nknbjmjccgs bgrjmksgs Iga., Vseuhknknnjhge Evjhemnjgs he cg gsknjgnjþm he pcgogs nkm cg hjseajmgnjþm e jmiestgnjþm he ijtkpgtþoemks ijtkpgt þoemks pkr aêtkhks nkmvemnjkmgces nkmvemnjkmgces y he `jkckoág `jkckoág akcenucgr Vesqujsg he sja`jkmtes sja`jkmtes ajnkrjzksiêrj ajnkrjzksiêrjnks nks AY AYG G gsknjghks gc nuctjvk he pcçtgmk Experjemnjgs nkm aehjks `jkcþojnks (@. `gssjgmg y X. bgrzjgmua) Eape÷ks pgrg pgrg akmtgle he he ajmj`jkiç`rjng ajmj`jkiç`rjng grtesgmgc he A@

 

Vgtrkmes perjgmgces he Meagtkhks Aeckjhkoyme spp.

 

Iusgrjua kxyspkrjua

\egrgcemkmg< Ajn Ajnktk ktkxjm xjmgg he I. kxyspk kxyspkrjua rjua O. Hjerdsaeyer y @. ^ugrez JMJ^GY 0660

XGRKMKAJG Hjvjsjþm Gsnkaynkt  Gsnkaynktg g Ncgse Eugsnkaynetes Krhem Bypknregces Igajcjg Bypknregnege Oêmerk Iusgrjua Espenjes I. kxyspkrua, I. skcgmj, I. vertjnjcckjhes, I.hjaerua, I. nbcgayhkspkrua.

Mka`re JUVGN (>^,77E ))-78,79-hjbjhrkxj->-aetjc->,8,5,9,:,76-bexgbjhrk-7B-0-78,79-hjbjhrkxj->-aetjc->,8,5,9,:,76-bexgbjhrk-7B-0`emzkxgnjncktetrghenjem-7,?(2B)-hjkmg

 

»Nþak rehunjr ec rjesok; Ykcumtgh pkcátjng

Nkmhjnjkmes Hjspksjnjþm eapresgrjg eapresgrjgcc

ijmgmnjergs

Jmmkvgnjþm tênmkcþojngs

Ngpgnjtgnjþm peragmemte

Nkmsjhergnjkmes ga`jemtgces Nkmsjhergnjkmes y tenmkcþojngs

Nkmtjmujhgh he prknesks

 

Xgxkmkaág

U^K HE AJNKPPJ\G^ Peymk< Peym k< Ium Iumoj oj Hjvjsjþm< Hjvjs jþm< Gagst Gagstjoka jokaynk ynktg tg ^u`hjvjsjþm< ^u`hj vjsjþm< \yoka \yokaynk ynktjmg tjmg Ncgse< \y \yoka okayne ynetes tes Krhem Kr hem? Å). Vrue`g he bjpersemsj`jcjhgh (BP) em Xg`gnk Xg`gnk (jmknucgmhk nkm suspemsjþm he 762 nkc/ac).

 

Ngrgnterjzgnjþm Ngrgnte rjzgnjþm he hecc sja`jkmte rjz rjzksi ksierjnk erjnk VIs 99 sp. icukresne icukresnemte mte

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PE^UAEM HE CG^ VPUE@G^< CKVGX C (Cevgm) K (Kxjhgsg) V (Vktgt (Vktgtk k Pkt) G (Grojmjmg) X (Bjpersemsj`jcjhgh em Xg`gnk) Kxjhgsg< (+) Ngtgcgsg< (+) Grojmjmg< (+) BP em Xg`gnk< (-) Ventþcjsjs em Vgpg< (-) Cjpgsg (agrogrjmg)< (+) Ocunksg< (-) Pehunnjþm he mjtrgtks< (+) Vrkhunnjþm he 0-netkocunkmgtk< 0-netkocunkmgtk< (+ (+))

 

Gnnjþm nkmtr nkmtrkcghkr kcghkrg g he ijtkpgt ijtkpgtþoemks þoemks hec sja`jkmte sja`jkmt e rjz rjzksi ksierjnk erjnk VIs 99 sp sp.. icukre icukresnemt snemte e PE^UAEM

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Vrkhunnjþm he GMXJ@JKXJNK^ que gntügm nkmtrg ijtkpgtþoemks Vrkhunem bkrakmgs veoetgces tjpk GURJMG^ Vrkhunnjþm he aetg`kcjtks ^UIGNXGMXE^ hjsuecvem cápjhks y njtkpcgsag necucgr he ijtkpgtþoemks Vrkhunem sjherþikrks senuestrghkres he Ie>+ he cgs ajtknkmhrjgs he cks ijtkpgtþoemks

 

^jher ^jh erþi þikr krk k pr prkh khun unjhk jhk p pkr kr cg `gn `gnte terjg rjg icukresnems 

 

NKMXPKC @JKCKOJNK • •

Çngrks heprehghkres heprehghkres he cg Iga. Vbytksejjhge GNGPK^ NBJMNBE^ IJXKIGOK^Z< NKNBJMJCCG^< GIJHK^, Nknnjmêcjhks heprehghkr heprehghkres es Nrjptkcgeaus auctrksjerj 

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VJNUHK^< Akmhghk y Hesjmienn Hesjmiennjþm jþm he seajccgs y nkraks pkr jmaers jmaersjþm jþm em suspemsjþm hec emtkakpgtþoemk @eguverjg `gssjgmg y puesrgs puesrgs he trgags trgags h hee psuehktg psue hktgccks ccks ja`j` ja`j`jhgs jhgs nkm est estg g suspemsj suspemsjþm. þm. Jmknu Jmknucgnjþ cgnjþm m emjtjs sueck gcehg÷k gcehg÷k gc pcgmtþm he pcçtgmk jmiestghk nkm ec meagtkhk Beterkrrg`hjtjs Beterkrrg`h `gnterjkpbkrg MEAGXKHK^ IJXKVGPG^JXK^< Akmhghk y hesjmiennjþm he seajccgs nkm @`+ Xrjnbkherag Xrjnbkhe rag bgrzjgmua. Xrgtgajemtks hurgmte ec bkyghk he iknks IU^GPJUA< Akmhghk y hesjmiennjþm hesjmiennjþm he seajccgs nkm @`+ Xrjnbkhe Xrjnbkherag rag bgrzjgmua y Xrjnbkherag rag bgrzjgmua hurgmte ec bkyghk pgrg cg resjea`rg em Xrgtgajemtks Xrgtgajemtks nkm Xrjnbkhe cks iknks AKDK @GNXEPJGMK< Xrgtgajemtks nkm IK^HKPJMG (Vseuhkakmgs icukresnems nepg VI^-99 hurgm hurgmte te ec bkyghk pgrg cg resjea`rg em cks iknks. Jmterngcgr nkak g`kmk verhe verhe cg sjea`rg he ceouajmksg ceouajmksgss ber`çnegs (Vbgsekcus spp.)

 

@JKIG@PJNG HE AEHJK^ @JKCKOJNK^

 

Nrág em cg`krgtkrjk hec emtkaþigok Nrjptkcge Nrjptkcgeaus aus auctrksjerj sk`re um bkspehgmte bkspehgmte trgmsjtkrjk trgmsjtkrjk Iga. V Vseuhknnknjhge seuhknnknjhge

 

NKMXPKCGHKP @JKCKOJNK Nrjptkcgeaus auctrksjerj  (Nkcekpterg< (Nkcekpter g< Nknnjmecjhge)

 

Vbytksjucus agnrkpjcjs

Vbytksejjhge Xgxkmkaág Pejmk< Gmjagcjg Ijck< Grtbrkpkhg Ncgse< Grgnbmjhg ^u`ncgse< Gngrj ^uperkrhem< Vgrgsjtjikraes Krhem< Aeskstjoagtg ^uperigajcjg< Gsnkjheg Igajcjg< @EPCE^E,Vbytksejjhge 7:79 Hjversjhgh umks ?6 oêmerks, 0,666 espenjes ^u`igajcjgs 7 Ga`cysejjmge Ga`cyse jjmge Auag, 7:97 Vbytksejjmge @ercese, 7:79 Vbytksejjmge 7:79 Xypbckhrk Xyp bckhrkajmge ajmge ^nbeutem, ^nbeutem, 725? Tehjtgr hgtks em _jdjhgtgQ

 

MEAGXKHK MEAG XKHK NKMXPKCGHKP @JKCKOJNK Beterkrrg`hjtjs `gnterjkpbkrg

 

Cj`ergnjþm luvemjces jmiestjvks

NJNCK HE YJHG

Vemetrgnjþm hec Bkspeherk y cj`ergnjþm he tkxjmgs

Vrkhunnjþm he 0-> oemergnjkmes

AENGMJ^AK HE GNNJÞM Auerte hec buêspeh em 08 82 brs. Hesgrrkcck he ghuctks

Cj`ergnjþm he cg `gnterjg y trgmsikragnjþm hec

** Ec oêmerk Beterkrbg`hjtjs presemtg gctermgmnjg he oemergnjkmes (gaijajxjs y beragirkhjtjsak).

aehjk

 

Nkmtrkc Nkm trkc `j `jkcþoj kcþojnk nk nkm em emtkak tkakpgt pgtþoem þoemk k @eguv @eguverjg erjg `gssjgmg `gssjgmg

 G h u c t k h e Vjn  Gh Vj n u h k Meo Meorr k

Vgrgsjtghk p kr

@. `gssjgmg

 

 GMX  G MXG G OKMJ^XG OKMJ^XG Xrjnbkhe rjnbkh erag bgrz bgrzjg jgmua mua

 

Pktgnjþm he nuctjvks

^ueck

Nuctjvks gsknjghks

Xkpkorgiág

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Xjpk he sueck

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Estrunturg hec sueck

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Verákhks cj`res he nuctjvk

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Nuctjvks jmterngcghks

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Ncjag / nkmhjnjkmes aetekrkcþojngs aetekrkcþojngs

Ienbgs he sjea`rg

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ENKMKAÁG ^eajccgs/ vgrjehghe vgrjehghess

Vrktennjþm Yeoetgc Nkmtrkc ceogc

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Nkmtrkc nucturgc

AGMELK

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Aêtkhks `jkcþojnks

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Nkmtrkc quáajnk

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pcgmtgnjþm

JMXEOPGHK HEC NUCXJYK HE @GMGMK Z VCGXGMK

Espenáijngs

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Ghgptghgs

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He `uemg prkhuntjvjhgh y ngcjhgh

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Pesjstemtes g emieraehghes reprkhuntjvgs (nkmtrkc ijtkoemêtjnk)

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Mutrjnjþm he cgs pcgmtgs Iertjcjhgh mgturgc hec sueck

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Usk he g`kmks kroçmjnks

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Usk he iertjcjzgmtes ajmergces

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Usk he iertjcjzgmtes ikcjgres

Nuctjvk hec Ngapk Vrepgrgnjþm hec sueck

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Aêtkhk/êpkngg he sjea`rg Aêtkhk/êpkn Xênmjng he Ecjajmgnjþm he rgstrklks

ENKCKOÁG  

E^XPGXEOJG^ HE AJVE •

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Vgrtjr he seajccgs sgmgs nertjijnghgs he`jhgaemte hesjmientghgs. Cg seajccg nkmstjtuye cg iuemte he jmiennjþm prjagrjg em cgs zkmgs cj`res he cg emieraehgh ^jea`rg preieremnjgc he vjtrk pcgmtgs Ghkpnjþm he aehjhgs he Nugremtemg Nugremtemg Yeoetgc Hesjmiennjþm he berrgajemtgs he trg`glk umg vez que se bg jmtervemjhk pcgmtgs gientghgs

 

E^XPGXEOJG^ HE AJVE •

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Nkak su gpgrjnjþm y hjseajmgnjþm es ikngc umg vez que se hetentg umg pcgmtg emierag errghjngrcg pgrg evjtgr cg hjseajmgnjþm hec pgtþoemks bgnjg cgs pcgmtgs sgmgs y ec sueck em um rghjk aámjak he 5a y prkneher g cg hesjmiennjþm hurgmte ec bkyghk pgrg cg resjea`rg nkm aezncg he X. pcgmtþm. bgrzjgmua y Iksikrjmg g rgzþm he ?66o (7:9:75>:26 +5:>(90)85>0?8

irgmnjsnk.sjakmFutecvt.ehu.en