Content and Contextual Analysis of Selected Primary Sources 1

 

OFJSGJS HJC OFJSG]SWHL HJHL[_K_ HJHL [_K_ F B _GLGO SGC YUK @HU @HU[ [ _FWUOG_ _FWUOG _ KJ YMKLKYYKJG MK _SFU _SFU[ [

  Sf Sf bh`klkhrkzg fjgsglb wktm tmg prk`hry cfou`gjts kj ckgrgjt mkstfrkohl pgrkfcs fb tmg Ymklkppkjgs

 

•

  Sf Sf lghrj mkstfry tmrfunm prk`hry sfurogs  Sf prfpgrly kjtgrprgt  Sf kjtgrprgt prk`hry sfurogs tmrfunm gxh`kjkjn tmg ofjtgjt hjc ofjtgxt fb tmg cfou`gjt •

FEAGOSKR G_11 G_

•

  Sf Sf ujcgrsthjc tmg ofjtgxt egmkjc ghom sglgotgc cfou`gjt •

 

 Smg mkstfrkhj‛s

•

prk`hry tffl fb ujcgrsthjckjn hjc kjtgrprgtkjn tmg phst ks tmg mkstfrkohl sfurogs. Mkstfrkohl sfurogs hsogrthkj mkstfrkohl

•

OFJSGJS HJC OFJSG]SWHL HJHL[_K_ FB _GLGOSGC YUK@HU[

bhots. _uom bhotshjc hrg tmgj hjhlyzgc kjtgrprgtgc ey tmg mkstfrkhj tf wghvg

_FWUOG_ KJ YMKLKYYKJG MK_SFU[

mkstfrkohl jhrrhtkvg.

 

W_KJN YUK@HU[ _FWUOG_ KJ MK_SFUKOHL UG_GHUOM GJSHKL_ S^F DKJC_ FB OUKSKOK_@ G]SGUJHL OUKSKOK_@ gxh`kjgs tmg



hutmgjtkokty/ vhlkckty fb tmg cfou`gjt fr tmg gvkcgjog egkjn usgc. KJSGUJHL OUKSKOK_@ gxh`kjgs tmg trutmbuljgss fb tmg ofjtgjt fb tmg gvkcgjog.



 

_ W@@HU[ H EUKGB _W@@HU [ FB SMG BKU_S BKU _S RF[HNG HUFWJC SMG ^FULC E[ @HNGLLHJ E[ HJSFJKF YKNHBGSSH ^mf ks Hjtfjkf Yknhbgtth6 

Bh`fus Kthlkhj trhvglgr tr hvglgr efrj kj Rkogjzh hrfujc 83;9 hjc ckgc kj tmg sh`g okty kj 87?3, wmf ks hlsf djfwj ey tmg jh`g fb Hjtfjkf Lf`ehrcf fr Brhjoksof Hjtfjkf Yknhbgtth. Mg egoh`g h nrght brkgjcsmkp wktm @hnhllhjgs, wmf hoof`phjkgc, tfngtmgr wktm Auhj _gehstkèj Glohjf, kj tmg bh`fus gxpgcktkfj tf tmg @fluoohs egnuj kj Hunust fb 878; hjc jksmgc kj _gptg`egr 8755.



 



Mg whs wfujcgc ht tmg

ehttlg fb tmg kslhjc fb Ogeu (Ymklkppkjgs) kj wmkom @hngllhj bfujc cghtm.  Smg futput fb _gvkllg



`hcg kt hefhrc fb tmg  Srkjkty4  S rkjkty4 tmg rgturj, rgturj, hlfjn wktm h mhjcbul fb survkvfrs (8> fb tmg 5?; wmf lgbt tmks

H EUKGB _W@@HU[ _W@@HU[ FB SMG BKU_S BK U_S RF[ RF [HNG HUFWJC HU FWJC SMG ^FULC ^F ULC E[ @HNGLLHJ E[ HJSFJKF YKNHBGSSH

hcvgjturg), kj kj vkotfry, smkp tmht gjtgrgc _hjlñohr cg Ehrrh`gch (Oèckz) kj _phkj fj _gptg`egr 2, tmg cgsknjhtgc yghr.

 

  Kj Yknhbgtth‛s hoofujt, tmgkr ggt rghomgc wmht mg ohllgc tmg LHCUFJG_ K_LHJC_ fr tmg “Kslhjcs fb tmg  Smkgvgs.‐ Mg Mg rgofujtgc1 rgofujtgc1 “Smgsg pgfplg mhvg jf hr`s, eut usg stkods, wmkom mhvg h sm efjg ht tmg gjc. Smgy hrg

H EUKGB _W@@HU[ _W@@HU[ FB SMG BKU_S BK U_S RF[ RF [HNG HUFWJC HU FWJC SMG ^FULC ^F ULC E[

pffr, eut kjngjkfus, hjc nrght tmkgvgs, hjc bfr tmg shdg fb tmht wg ohll tmgsg tmrgg kslhjcs

@HNGLLHJ E[ HJSFJKF YKNHBGSSH

tmg Lhcrfjgs Kslhjcs.‐

 

_ W@@HU[ H EUKGB _W@@HU [ FB SMG BKU_S BKU _S RF[HNG HUFWJC SMG ^FULC E[ @HNGLLHJ E[ HJSFJKF YKNHBGSSH  Smg Lhcrfjgs Kslhjcs ks prgsgjtly djfwj hs tmg



@hrkhjhs Kslhjcs. Sgj chys hbtgr tmgy mhvg m hvg rghomgc Lhcrfjgs Kslhjcs, Yknhbgtth rgpfrtgc tmht tmgy mhvg wmht mg ohllgc tmg Kslg fb Qh`hl, jfw _h`hr eut @hngllhj cgokcgc tf lhjc kj hjftmgr ujkjmhektgc kslhjc bfr nrghtgr sgourkty wmgrg tmgy ofulc rgst bfr h bgw chys. Fj @HUOM 8=, jkjg `gj oh`g tf tmg` hjc smfwgc  afy hjc ghngrjgss kj sggkjn tmg`. @hngllhj rghlkzgc tmht tmg `gj wgrg rghsfjhelg hjc wglof`gc tmg` tm g` wktm bffc, crkjds hjc nkbts. 

 

H EUKGB _W@@HU [ FB SMG BKU_S BKU _S _ W@@HU[ RF[HNG HUFWJC SMG ^FULC E[ @HNGLLHJ E[ HJSFJKF YKNHBGSSH Yknhbgtth cgthklgc kj h`hzg`gjt hjc bhsokjhtkfj tmg



phl` trgg wmkom efrg brukts ohllgc ofomfs hjc wkjg. Mg omhrhotgrkzgc tmg pgfplg hs “vgry bh`klkhr hjc brkgjcly‐ hjc wkllkjnly smfwgc tmg` ckgrgjt ck grgjt kslhjcs hjc tmg jh`gs fb tmgsg kslhjcs.





 Smg ggt wgjt tf Mu`uju Mu`uju Kslhjc (Mf`fjmfj) (Mf`fjmfj) hjc tmgrg tmgy bfujc wmht mg rgbgrrgc rgbgrrgc tf hs tmg “^htgrkjn “^htgrkjn Ylhog fb Nffc _knjs.‐ bfr kt ks kj tmks plhog tmht tmgy bfujc tmg rst sknjs fb nflc kj tmg kslhjc. Smgy jh`gc tmg kslhjc tfngtmgr wktm h jghrey kslhjc hs tmg hromkpglhnf fb _t. Lhzhrus.

 

  Fj @hrom 57tm, Yknhbgtth rgofujtgc tmht tmgy shw twf ehlhjnmhk (ehlhjnhy), h lfjn efht bull fb pgfplg kj Smg @hzzhvh/@hzhus. lghcgr wmf` mg rgbgrrgc tf tmg dkjn

H EUKGB _W@@HU[ _W@@HU[ FB SMG BKU_S BK U_S RF[ RF [HNG HUFWJC HU FWJC SMG ^FULC ^F ULC E[

egoh`g efjcgc wktmolfsgly @hngllhj hs tmgy eftm gxomhjngc nkbts tf

@HNGLLHJ E[ HJSFJKF YKNHBGSSH

fjg hjftmgr hj ftmgr..

 

H EUKGB _W@@HU[ _W@@HU[ FB SMG BKU_S RF[HNG HUFWJC SMG ^FULC E[ @HNGLLHJ E[ HJSFJKF YKNHBGSSH Hbtgr Hb tgr h bgw chys, @hngllhj whs kjtrfcuogc tf tmg



dkjn‛s erftmgr wmf whs hlsf h dkjn fb hjftmgr kslhjc wmgrg Yknhbgtth Yknhbgtth rgpfrtgc tmht tmgy shw `kjgs fb nflc.  Smg nflc whs heujchjt tmht phrts fb tmg smkp hjc fb



tmg mfusg fb tmg dkjn wgrg `hcg fb nflc. Smks dkjn whs jh`gc Uhah Ohlh`eu, dkjn fb Quluhj hjc Ohlhnhj (Eutuhj hjc Ohrhnuh), hjc tmg rst dkjn whs Uhkh _khnu.

 

H EUKGB _W@@HU[ _W@@HU[ FB SMG BKU_S RF[HNG HUFWJC SMG ^FULC E[ @HNGLLHJ E[ HJSFJKF YKNHBGSSH Fj @hrom ?8st (Ghstgr _ujchy), @hngllhj frcgrgc tmg



omhplhkj tf prgskcg h @hss ey tmg smfrg. Smg dkjn mghrc hefut tmks plhj hjc sgjt twf cghc pkns hjc httgjcgc tmg @hss wktm tmg ftmgr dkjn. 

Yknhbgtth wrftg1 wgjt “…wmgj tmgtmg fgrtfry fb tmg oh`g, tmgtmgj twf dkjns, tf dkss orfss lkdg us,`hss eut tmgy fgrgc jftmkjn, hjc ht tmg glgvhtkfj fb tmg efcy fb fur Lfrc tmgy wgrg djgglkjn lkdg us, hjc hcfrgc fur Lfrc wktm afkjgc mhjcs.‐

 

  Smks whs tmg rst rst @hss kj tmg Ymklkppkjgs, hjc tmg orfss wfulc eg bh`gc @hngllhj‛s Orfss wmkom ks stkll prgsgrvgc ht prgsgjt chy. Smks whs tmg sh`g orfss wmkom @hngllhj gxplhkjgc tf tmg dkjns hs h sknj fb mks g`pgrfr wmf frcgrgc mk` tf plhj kt kj tmg plhogs wgrg mg wfulc rghom

H EUKGB _W@@HU[ FB SMG BKU_S RF[ RF [HNG HUFWJC HU FWJC SMG S MG ^FULC ^F ULC E[ @HNGLLHJ E[ HJSFJKF YKNHBGSSH

hjc gxplhkjgc shw tmht fjogburtmgr ftmgr _phjkhrcs tmks orfss, tmgj tmgy wfulc djfw tmht tmgy mhc eggj kj tmks kslhjc hjc wfulc jft ohusg tmg` trfuelgs.

 

_ W@@HU[ H EUKGB _W@@HU [ FB SMG BKU_S BKU _S RF[HNG HUFWJC SMG ^FULC E[ @HNGLLHJ E[ HJSFJKF YKNHBGSSH Ey Hprkl >tm, @hngllhj hjc mks `gj rghomgc



tmg pfrt fb Qzueu (Ogeu) wktm tmg mglp fb Uhkh Ohlh`eu wmf fgrgc tf pklft tmg` kj nfkjn tf tmg kslhjc.  Smg dkjc fb Ogeu cg`hjcgc tmht tmgy phy trkeutg hs kt whs oustf`hry eut @hngllhj rgbusgc. Ey tmg jgxt chy, @hngllhj‛s `gj hjc tmg dkjn fb Ogeu, tfngtmgr wktm ftmgr



prkjokphl sphog. `gj fb Ogeu, `gt kj hj fpgj

 

H EUKGB _W@@HU[ FB SMG BKU_S RF[HNG HUFWJC SMGF^FULC @HNGLLHJ E[ HJSFJKF HJSFJK YKNHBG E[ YKNHBGSS SSH H  Smgrg tmg dkjn dkjn fgrgc fgrgc h ekt fb mks e elffc lffc



hjc cg`hjcgc tmht @hngllhj cf tmg sh`g. ‟ Fj Hprkl 83, @hngllhj spfdg tf tmg dkjc hjc gjofurhngc mk` tf eg h nffc Omrkstkhj ey eurjkjn hll fb tmg kcfls hjc wfrsmkp tmg orfss kjstghc. Smg dkjn fb Ogeu whs tmgj ehptkzgc hs h Omrkstkhj. Hbtgr = chys, hll fb tmg kslhjc‛s kjmhekthjt



wgrg hlrghcy ehptkzgc.

 

^mgj tmg quggj oh`g tf tmg @hss fjg chy, @hngllhj nhvg mgr hj k`hng fb tmg Kjbhjt Agsus `hcg ey Yknhbgtth mk`sglb. 

Fj 52tm fb Hprkl, Qulh, h prkjokphl `hj brf` tmg kslhjc fb @hthj (@hothj) wgjt tf sgg @hngllhj hjc hsdgc mk` bfr h efht bull fb `gj sf tmht mg wfulc eg helg tf nmt tmg omkgb jh`g _klhpulhpu (Lhpulhpu).



H EUKGB _W@@HU[ _W@@HU[ FB SMG BKU_S BK U_S RF[ RF [HNG HUFWJC HU FWJC SMG ^FULC ^F ULC E[ @HNGLLHJ E[ HJSFJKF YKNHBGSSH

 

  @hngllhj fgrgc ? efhts kjstghc hjc wgjt tf @hothj tf nmt tmg shkc omkgb. ‟ Smgy ju`egrgc 3; kj tfthl hjc tmg kslhjcgrs fb @hothj wgrg gstk`htgc tf ju`egr 8,799.

H EUKGB _W@@HU[ _W@@HU[ FB SMG BKU_S BK U_S RF[ RF [HNG HUFWJC HU FWJC SMG ^FULC ^F ULC E[ @HNGLLHJ E[ HJSFJKF YKNHBGSSH

@hngllhj ckgc kj ehttlg. Mg whs pkgrogc wktm h pfksfj hrrfw kj mks rknmt lgn. Smg dkjn fb Ogeu wmf whs ehptkzgc fgrgc mglp eut @hngllhj rgbusgc sf tmht mg ofulc sgg mfw tmgy bfunmt.

 

H EUKGB _W@@HU [ FB SMG BKU_S BKU _S _ W@@HU[ RF[HNG HUFWJC SMG ^FULC E[ @HNGLLHJ E[ HJSFJKF YKNHBGSSH @hngllhj‛s `gj tmgj glgotgc Cuhrtg Ehrefsh hs tmg jgw ohpthkj.



Yknhbgtth hlsf hoofujtgc mfw @hngllhj‛s slhvg hjc kjtgrprgtgr jh`gc Mgjry egtrhygc tmg` hjc tflc tmg dkjn fb Ogeu tmht tmgy kjtgjcgc tf lghvg



hs sffj hs pfsskelg. Mgjry hjc tmg dkjn fb Ogeu ofjspkrgc hjc egtrhygc wmht whs lgbt fb @hngllhj‛s `gj. Smg dkjn kjvktgc tmgsg `gj tf h nhtmgrkjn wmgrg mg



shkc mg wfulc prgsgjt tmg agwgls tmht mg wfulc sgjc bfr tmg Dkjn fb _phkj.

 

H EUKGB _W@@HU[ FB SMG BKU_S RF[HNG HUFWJC SMG ^FULC E[ @HNGLLHJ E[ HJSFJKF YKNHBGSSH Yknhbgtth whs lgbt lgbt fj efhrc tmg smkp hjc whs jft helg tf afkj



tmg 53 `gj wmf wgjt tf tmg nhtmgrkjn egohusg mg whs jurskjn mks ehttlg wfujcs.  Smg jhtkvgs mhc slhkj hll tmg `gj `gj gxogpt tmg kjt kjtgrprgtgr grprgtgr hjc  Auhj _grrhjf wmf smfutgc smfutgc ht tmg `gj fj tmks smkp tf phy rhjsf` sf tmht mg wfulc eg sphrgc eut mg whs lgbt fj tmg kslhjc bfr tmgy rgbusgc tf nf ehod tf smfrg. sm frg. 

 Smg ggt hehjcfjgc _grrhjf hjc cgphrtgc. Smgy lgbt Ogeu



hjc ofjtkjugc tmgkr afurjgy hrfujc tmg wfrlc.

 

H EUKGB _W@@HU[ _W@@HU[ FB SMG BKU_S RF[HNG HUFWJC SMG ^FULC E[ @HNGLLHJ E[ HJSFJKF YKNHBGSSH  mttps1//www.slkcgsmhrg.jgt/YgjjRkllhjugvh/omhptgr-5ofjtgjt -hjc-ofjtgxtuhl-hjhlysks-fb-sglgotgc-prk`hry-sfurogs-kj-pm klkppkjg-mkstfry  “Ehtks _furogs kj Ymklkppkjg Mkstfry‐   Ey1 Afsg Rkotfr Sfrrgs  “Wjrhvglkjn tmg Yhst‐