Consumo de Drogas en Adolescentes y Jóvenes

 

KJM[QBJ IA IUJDH[ AM HIJLA[KAMYA[ P OÛVAMA[  

Kjmkaptj Lhs irjdhs sjm susthmk`hs quâb`khs qua puaiam khbe`hr al fumk`jmhb`amtj ia su kuarpj y bamta. @mkluyam bai`khbamtjs rakathijs, bai`khbamtjs ia vamth l`era, hlkj hl kjcj cjl, l, th theh ehkj kj y ir irjd jdhs hs `l `lad adhl hlas as.. Al kj kjms msub ubj j ia ir irjd jdhs hs `l `lad adhl hlas as am amtr traa lj ljss hijlask hijl askamta amtass ch hub hubamt amthij hij iur iurhmt hmtaa ljs ÿlt ÿlt`bj `bjss høj højs. s. Ljs iht ihtjs js bua buastr strhm hm qua prèkt`khbamta umj ia khih 9 oûvamas ch kjmsub`ij hldumh susthmk`h iurhmta al ÿlt`bj bas, amtra àsths, al hlkjcjl, al thehkj, ljs iar`vhijs khmmèe`kjs y lh kjkhâmh sjm lhs susthmk`hs bès kjmsub`ihs.

@mk`iamk`h Al kjmsubj ia irjdhs kjmst`tuya am lh hktuhl`ihi um `bpjrthmta famûbamj sjk`hl qua hfakth aspak`hlbamta h ljs hijlaskamtas, Lh pravhlamk`h ial usj y heusj ia irjd ir jdhs hs am lh at athp hph h hi hijl jlas aska kamt mtaa y hi hiult ultaz az ta tabp bprh rhmh mh sj sjm m hlt hlths hs,, Hm Hmta ta lh hl hlth th i`spjm`e`l`ihi, am lh hktuhl`ihi ljs hijlaskamtas t`amam qua hpramiar h kjmv`v`r kjm lhs irjdhs, tjbhmij iak`s`jmas sjera su kjmsubj j lh hest`mamk`h ia lhs b`sbhs.. Al prjkasj ia sjk`h b`sbhs sjk`hl`zhk`û l`zhk`ûm, m, kjm lh fhb`l`h, hb`djs, askualh y bai`js ia kjbum`khk`ûm as `bpjrthmta am allj. Lh parkapk`ûm ia r`asdj y ljs fhktjras ia r`asdj, oumtj hl jk`j, t`abpj l`era y v`ih rakraht`vh, sjm alabamtjs qua iaeabjs kjms`i kjm s`iarh arhrr phr phrh h kjb kjbpra pramia miarr ast asth h prj prjelab elabèt` èt`kh. kh. Ljs ps` ps`kûl kûljdj jdjss tam tamabj abjss um `bpjrthmta phpal qua kubpl`r thmtj phrh axpl`khr asth kjbplaoh kjmiukth kjbj phrh lh puasth am prèkt`kh ia prjdrhbhs hiakuhijs y af`khkas ia pravamk`ûm y trhthb`amtj Al kjmsubj ia irjdhs, pjr su `mk`iamk`h y lhs drhvas kjmsakuamk`hs qua asths susthmk`hs hkhrrahm phrh lh shlui, astè kjms`iarhij kjbj um prjelabh sjk`hl. Ljs hijlaskamtas sjm umj ia ljs drupjs bès vulmarhelas hmta al kjmsubj ia astupafhk`amtas. Lh Jf`k`mh ia lhs Mhk`jmas Qm`ihs kjmtrh lh Irjdh (Qmjik) y al Ial`tj iasthkh lh `bpjrthmk`h ia kjmjkar y amtamiar pjr quà asta saktjr as bès prjpamsj hl kjmsubj, hsâ kjbj ljs drhvas r`asdjs qua kjmllavh, phrh hyuihr am lh alhejrhk`ûm ia astrhtad`hs y am lh tjbh ia iak`s`jmas qua parb`thm pravam`r y hktuhr hmta s`tuhk`jmas ia kjmsubj ia irjdhs am lh hijlaskamk`h. Humqua al kjmsubj ia irjdhs ch ax`st`ij h lj lhrdj ia lh c`stj c`stjr`h r`h am lhs ÿlt`bhs iàkhihs ch tjbhij umh muavh i`bams`ûm. Cjy as klhrh lh ralhk`ûm i`rakth amtra sjk` sj k`ai aihi hi ia iash shrr rrjl jllh lhih ih y kj kjms msub ubj j he heus us`vj `vj ia ir irjd jdhs hs.. As Astj tjss kj kjms msub ubjs js sj sjm m i`st`mtjs h ljs kjmsubjs pumtuhlas y r`tuhl`zhijs ia jtrhs kulturhs j ia lh muastrh am jtrjs bjbamtjs c`stûr`kjs. I`kcj khbe`j sa ch prjiuk`ij iae`ij h qua al kjbark`j `mtarmhk`jmhl sa ch cakcj, am phlherhs ia Tastarbayar (8006), f`hela, rèp`ij y akjmûb`kj am lhs ÿlt`bhs iàkhihs. H allj chy qua høhi`r lh "b`m`htur`zhk`ûm" ia lhs susthmk`hs, am al samt`ij ia qua, kjm pjkh khmt`ihi ia umh um h su sust sthm hmk` k`h, h, qu quaa jk jkup uph h pj pjkj kj as asph phk` k`j j y as fè fèk` k`ll ia tr trhm hmsp spjr jrth thr, r, pu puai aiaa prjp pr jpjr jrk` k`jm jmhr hr um dr drhm hm mÿ mÿba barj rj ia ij ijs` s`s. s. Hi Hiab abès ès,, s` lh su sust sthm hmk`h k`h as fè fèk` k`ll ia trhmspjrthr, y puaia prjpjrk`jmhr drhmias eamaf`k`js, as klhrj qua lhs astrhtad`hs ia bèrgat`md, `mtrjiukk`ûm y i`str`euk`ûm vhm h kjerhr drhm ralavhmk`h. Astj sa fhk`l`th pjr al vhljr qua sa la ih hl i`marj am muastrj s`stabh sjk`hl y h ljs pjkjs

 

askrÿpuljs qua t`amam hldumhs parsjmhs am jetamarlj, sah ia bjij ladhl j `ladhl. Mj sa jl jlv` v`ia ia qu quaa su sust sthm hmk` k`hs hs qu quaa cj cjyy mj mjss phr phrak akam am kj kjt` t`i` i`hm hmhs hs,, ch chka ka hld hldum umhs hs iàkhihs, mj arh pjs`ela kjmsadu`rlhs fèk`lbamta, humqua hldumhs parsjmhs lhs trhâhm am sus v`hoas h jtrjs phâsas. Lh ÿm`kh axkapk`ûm sjm lhs irjdhs ladhlas, al thehkj y al hlkjcjl, aspak`hlbamta asta ÿlt`bj, qua as muastrh irjdh "sjk`hl" am al samt`ij c`stûr`kj, y hsâ sa s`dua bhmtam`amij am al prasamta phrh umh drhm phrta ia lh pjelhk`ûm. As e`am she`ij qua hldumjs kjmsubjs ia irjdhs ladhlas sa chkam ia bjij r`tuhl (ao., er`mihr kjm kchbpèm hmta hkjmtak`b`amtjs `bpjrthmtas, al radhlj ia um purj hl vhrûm am umh ejih y ljs k`dhrr`lljs h lh buoar). Jtrh kuast`ûm `bpjrthmta sjm lhs kjmsakuamk`hs qua hkhrrah am lh shlui su kjmsubj (thehkj) j kjmsubj heus`vj j iapamiamk`h (hlkjcjl), qua h m`val kuhmt`tht`vj sjm lhs bès ralavhmtas iasia umh parspakt`vh ia shlui pÿel`kh, y mj s`abpra hsub`ihs pjr al kjmo kj moum umtj tj ia lh pj pjel elhk hk`û `ûm. m. Mj ia iaea ea jl jlv` v`ih ihrs rsaa lj ljss `m `mta tara rasa sass ak akjm jmûb ûb`kj `kjss qu quaa sueyhkam h lhs b`sbhs y al eljquaj s`stabèt`kj h lhs hkk`jmas ia kjmtrjl pjr phrta ia ljs ljee`s `mtarashijs am mj pariar m` umh sjlh pasath ia su madjk`j, su ramthela madjk`j.

Khushs Amtra lhs pr`mk`phlas khushs damarhlas ia kjmsubj ia irjdhs sa amkuamtrhm fhktjras ia pra prai`sp i`spjs`k js`k`ûm `ûm,, prj prjela elabhs bhs fhb fhb`l` `l`hra hrass y prj prjela elabhs bhs y trh trhstjr stjrmjs mjs ps` ps`kjl kjlûd`k ûd`kjs. js. Hiabès ia lhs khushs damarhlas, al `mfjrba ia lh Qmjik pjma ia bhm`f`astj umh sar`a ia fhktjras aspakâf`kjs ia lh hijlaskamk`h qua hubamth lh prjehe`l`ihi ia qua ljs  oûvamas kjmsubhm irjdhs y qua t`amam qua var kjm al cakcj ia qua sa amkuamtrhm am umh athph ia iashrrjllj fâs`kj, abjk`jmhl, ps`kjlûd`kj y sjk`jlûd`kj? [amt`b`amtj ia `mvulmarhe`l`ihi? Ljs khbe`js fâs`kjs y cjrbjmhlas axpar`bamthijs pjr ljs hijlaskamtas (krak`b`amtj, iashrrjllj ia lh bhsh buskulhr, atkàtarh) krahm am alljs umh k`arth samshk`ûm `mvulmarhe`l`ihi y fjrthlazh, lj qua ljs llavh h iashrrjllhr kjmiukths kjmiuk ths y cèe`tjs kjbj al kjmsub kjmsubj j ia irjdhs y jtrjs kjbpjr kjbpjrthb`am thb`amtjs tjs ia r`asdj r`asdj.. ^jr aoabplj, al @mfjrba Ouvamtui am Asphøh ial @mst`tutj ia lh Ouvamtui hsadurh qua khs` kh s` um ta tark rk`j `j ia lh lhss ph phra raoh ohss ia hi hijl jlas aska kamt mtas as mj su sual alaa us ushr hr m` m`md mdÿm ÿm bà bàtj tjij ij hmt`kjmkapt`vj am sus ralhk`jmas. Kur`js`ihi? Lh hijlaskamk`h raprasamth umh athph ia khbe`js y hprami`zhoa qua puaia iasparthr lh kur`js`ihi ia ljs oûvamas y al iasaj ia axpar`bamthr quà sa s`amta asthmij ehoj ljs afaktjs ia lhs irjdhs. @b`thk`ûm? @b`thk` ûm? [ad [adÿm ÿm al @mst @mst`tu `tutj tj ia lh Ouv Ouvamt amtui, ui, “ch “chyy astu astui`j i`jss qua kjm kjmf`r f`rbhm bhm qua bukcjs hijlaskamtas y oûvamas t`amam al aoabplj am khsh, am sus phiras, kuhmij eaeam hlkjcjl j fubhm thehkj j bhr`cuhmh am su prasamk`h. Hfèm ia `mi Hfèm `miapam apamiam iamk`h k`h?? Ast Astj j astè prjvjkhij prjvjkhij pjr lh maka makas`ih s`ihi i qua puaiam tamar hldumjs hijlaskamtas ia hlaohrsa ial amtjrmj fhb`l`hr phrh fjrthlakar lhs ralhk`jmas kjm jtrjs amtjrmjs ijmia chyh bès prasamk`h ia damta qua tamdh su aihi y kjm lh qua pjiar `iamt`f`khrsa.  

 

Kjmsakuamk`hs phrh lh shlui Lhs irjdhs hkhrrahm umh sar`a ia kjmsakuamk`hs paroui`k`hlas phrh lh shlui fâs`kh y psâqu`kh ia ljs kjmsub`ijras7 s`m abehrdj, hl amkjmtrhrsa am umh athph ia iashrrjllj  y ia fjrbhk`ûm ial cjbera hiultj, asths kjmsakuamk`hs sjm bès drhvas am ljs hijlaskamtas? Ihøjs am al hphrhtj rasp`rhtjr`j? [jera tjij hsjk`hijs hl kjmsubj ia khmmhe`s (erjmqu`t`s, amf`sabhs pulbjmhras, atkàtarh). Ihøjs khri`jvhskulhras? Kjbj c`pjtams`ûm y hltarhk`ûm ia lh frakuamk`h khri`hkh (khmm (kh mmhe he`s `s), ), th thqu qu`kh `khri ri`h `h a c` c`pa parta rtams ms`ûm `ûm,, r` r`as asdj dj ia hm hmd` d`mh mh ia pa pakcj kcj a `m `mfh fhrt rtj j ia b`jkhri`j, cabjrrhd`hs karaerhlas (kjkhâmh), hrr`tb`h, khri`jphtâh `squàb`kh (irjdhs s`mtàt`khs). Ihøjs kar Ihøjs karaer aerhla hlas? s? Hlt Hltarh arhk`jm k`jmas as mau maurjp rjps`q s`qu`è u`ètr` tr`khs, khs, mau maurjtj rjtjx`k` x`k`ihi ihi (bu (buart artaa ia maurjmhs), r`asdj ia `mfhrtj karaerhl, atkàtarh. Jtrjs Jtr js ihø ihøjs js am al jrdh jrdhm`sb m`sbj? j? prj prjela elabhs bhs iam iamthl thlas, as, pàr pàri`i i`ih h ia jlfh jlfhtj, tj, s`mu s`mus`t` s`t`s, s, pa parf rfjr jrhk` hk`ûm ûm ia ial l th the` e`qu qua a tao`ij mhsh mh shl, l, `m `msjb sjbm` m`j, j, prjvjkh kjmvu kjm vuls ls`jm as, `m `msu suf` f`k` k`am amk`h k`h ra ramh mhl, rheijb`ûl`s`s (makrjs`s ial buskulhr qua lh`jmas, l`earhk`ûm ia kjmtam`ijs ial, lhs f`erhs buskulhras y qua prjvjkh fuartas b`hld`hs), kjhduljphtâh, `msuf`k`amk`h capèt`kh, atkàtarh. Ihøjs ps`kjlûd`kjs? Yrhstjrmjs ia lh babjr`h, lh kjmkamtrhk`ûm y al hprami`zhoa (lj qua iar`vh am frhkhsj askjlhr), trhstjrmjs ps`kjbjtjras y am lh rahl`zhk`ûm ia thrahs kjbplaohs, rahkk`jmas ia hms`aihi y ia pèm`kj, hubamtj ia lh iapras`ûm, iashrrjllj ia asqu`zjfram`h (am parsjmhs kjm prai`spjs`k`ûm), erjtas ps`kût`kjs, atkàtarh.

 

IAL@MKQAMK@H AM HIJLA[KAMYA[ P OÛVAMA[  

Kjmkaptj. Lh ial`mkuamk`h as um famûbamj bumi`hl, puas sa axt`amia iasia ljs r`mkjmas bès hlaohijs ia lh k`uihi `miustr`hl`zhih chsth ljs sueure`js ia lhs drhmias k`uihias, iasia lhs fhb`l`hs fhb`l`hs r`khs j hkjbjihihs chsth lhs bès pjeras. As um prjela prjelabh bh qua sa ih am tjihs lhs khphs sjk`hlas y am kuhlqu`ar r`mkûm ia muastrh k`v`l`zhk`ûm. As kjbj umh plhdh qua sa ch axtami`ij pjr tjihs phrtas, rjejs, trèf`kj ia irjdhs, hktjs ia tarrjr`sbj, tarrjr` sbj, v`jlhk` v`jlhk`jmas, jmas, hsas`m hsas`mhtjs, htjs, v`jlamk v`jlamk`h `h khllao khllaoarh, arh, hbair hbairamthb`a amthb`amtj mtj k`uih k`uihihmj, ihmj, atkàtarh. Lh ial`mkuamk`h as umh fjrbh ia `mhihpthk`ûm sjk`hl y hl prjiuk`rsa ash hmjbhlâh sa ih um iashfâj h lh b`sbh sjk`aihi y h su mjrbht`vh ia kjmv`vamk`h. ^arj ljs khb`mjs qua kjmiukam h lh ial`mkuamk`h sjm bÿlt`plas y buy i`faramtas umjs ia jtrjs, ia hcâ qua pjihbjs hf`rbhr qua lh ial`mkuamk`h as pjl`fjrba. Hquâ trhthbjs bès e`am ia lh ial`mkuamk`h hdras`vh. Lh ku kuas ast` t`ûm ûm sj sjer eraa al kjm kjmkap kaptj tj ia ia ial` l`mk mkua uamk mk`h `h ou ouvam vam`l `l mj mjss je jel` l`dh dh,, hm hmta ta tj tjij ij,, h asklhrakar ijs tàrb`mjs? ial`mkuamk`h y ouvam`l, hiabès ia var am su ousth i`bams`ûm quà as lj qua llavh h um `mi`v`iuj h sar khl`f`khij y khrhktar`zhij kjbj ial`mkuamta.

@mk`iamk`h. Ljs saras cubhmjs mjs amkjmtrhbjs `mbarsjs iamtrj ia um prjkasj dljehl`zhijr ia lhs akjmjbâhs am al èbe`tj bumi`hl, am al kuhl praijb`mhm eljquas akjmûb`kjs kjbj Aurjph, ljs phâsas hs`èt`kjs y Asthijs Qm`ijs, ljs kuhlas t`amam drhm `moaramk`h am al rastj ial plhmath. Astj, iae`ij h qua sus `mtamk`jmas lhtamtas kjmkuarihm am qua lj fumihbamthl as suejri`mhr h tjijs ljs cjberas ia lhs rad`jmas j zjmhs phrh chkarljs f`alas kjmsub`ijras y hehstakaijras ia bhtar`hs pr`bhs. Lh sjk` sjk`aih aihi i ch fjb fjbamt amthij hij um axka axkas`v s`vj j `mi `mi`v` `v`iuh iuhl`sb l`sbj j y umh kjm kjms`i s`iarh arhk`ûm k`ûm ial `mi`v`iuj kjbj barh um`ihi ia kjmsubj, parj askhshbamta ch er`mihij hl `mi`v`iuj um t`pj ia v`ih am kjbum`ihi j ch jfrak`ij umh askhsh `mfluamk`h am lhs iak`s`jmas ia um amtjrmj sjk`hl. Am as asta ta fa famû mûba bamj mj,, lj ljss ba bai` i`js js t` t`am amam am um ph phpal pal bu buyy ra rala lavh vhmt mta, a, pjr pjrqu quaa sj sjm m lj ljss amkhrdhijs ia llavhr ljs bamshoas h tjij al bumij, h tjij sar cubhmj. Alljs sjm am phrta ljs raspjmshelas ia um`f`khr h lh Y`arrh ehoj ljs b`sbjs phrèbatrjs `iajlûd`kjs. [jm ljs `mstrubamtjs sjk`hl`zhmtas bès fuartas am lh hktuhl`ihi, puas chm sust`tu`ij am drhm bai`ih lh `bpjrthmk`h qua tamâhm ljs hmt`dujs, thlas kjbj lh askualh, lh fhb`l`h j lh @dlas`h. Euskhm krahr hl cjbera ia um b`sbj pamshb`amtj, vjlumthi, y hkk`ûm. Kjm astj, khea iak`r qua thl vaz umj ia ljs jeoat`vjs ia ljs bai`j bai`jss ia kjbum` kjbum`khk`ûm khk`ûm (`miustr`h (`miustr`h kulturhl) y ia lhs `miustr`hs (abprashs trhmsmhk`jmhlas) as chkar qua khih `mi`v`iuj sa vah amvualtj am lh makas`ihi `iajlûd`kh ia phrt`k`phr am al kjmsubj ia prjiuktjs, prèkt` prè kt`kh kh qu quaa ljs `ia `iaûljd ûljdjs js iamj iamjb`m b`mhm hm k`v` k`v`l`zh l`zhk`ûm k`ûm y bji bjiarm arm`zh `zhk`ûm k`ûm h lh qua ljs

 

puaeljs iaeam subhrsa phrh iaohr ia partamakar hl drupj ia ljs bhrd`mhijs y phshr hsâ h fjrbhr phrta ia ljs kjmsub`ijras. Kjbatar hktjs ial`kt`vjs iurhmta lh aihi hiulth as rhrj, parj as mjrbhl chkarlj iurhmta lh hijlaskamk`h. Hsâ sa iaiuka ia hldumjs astui`js rakjd`ijs am asta hrtâkulj puel`khij am Al ^hâs, qua mjs chkam phrhrmjs h raflax`jmhr hkarkh ia lhs pamhs qua sa `bpjmam h ljs hktjs ial`kt`vjs am asth athph hijlaskamta y kûbj astj puaia lladhr h raparkut`r am al iashrrjllj futurj ia lhs parsjmhs s`bplabamta pjr umh bhlh iak`s`ûm tjbhih am lh ouvamtui, qua am lh bhyjrâh ia ljs khsjs iashphrakarè h bai`ih qua sa vh bhiurhmij. [adÿm bamk`jmh lh `mvast`dhijrh Yarr`a Bjff`tt ia lh Qm`vars`ihi ia Iuga, bès ial 0>% ia ljs hij hijlas laskam kamtas tas vhr vhrjma jmass kjb kjbatam atam hkt hktjs js `lad `ladhla hlas. s. Ast Astaa kjb kjbpjr pjrthb thb`am `amtj tj hmt` hm t`sj sjk`h k`hl, l, sa kjr kjrr` r`da da kh khs` s` s` s`ab abpr praa kjm al ph phsj sj ia iall t` t`ab abpj pj.. Lh aih aihi i ia iall kr kr`b `bam am kjb`amzh amtra ljs 3 y ljs 89 højs, hlkhmzh su kubera amtra ljs 81 y ljs 80 højs y sa hkheh prjdras`vhbamta amtra ljs 5> y ljs 50. Lh hijlaskamk`h as lh athph kjm bhyjr pjtamk`hl, puas prasamth bukcjs r`asdjs, aspak`hlbamta phrh ljs kc`kjs. ^jiabjs chelhr ia ijs t`pjs ia oûvamas ial`mkuamtas? umh bhyjrâh qua sjlj lj sarè am lh hijlaskamk`h hijlask amk`h y umh b`mjrâh qua lj sadu` sadu`rè rè s`amij iurhmta bukcjs højs. Drhm phrta ia astjs `mi`v`iujs kjbphrtam umh `mfluamk`h bhrkhih pjr ljs heusjs y lh fhlth ia htamk`ûm pjr phrta ia phiras y ku`ihijras. [hmt`h [hmt `hdj dj Ua Uaijm ijmij ij,, pr prjfa jfasjr sjr ia kr` kr`b` b`mj mjljd ljdâh âh y ps ps`k `kjl jljd jdâh âh ia lh Qm Qm`va `vars rs`i `ihi hi ia Ehrkaljmh, i`ka qua “am lh bhyjrâh ia ljs khsjs, ljs oûvamas iaohm ia ial`mqu`r ia bhmarh mhturhl pjr lh bhiurhk`ûm karaerhl, amtra ljs 83 y ljs 55 højs‒. Astj mjs chka pradumthrmjs pjr al s`stabh ia oust`k`h y s` sa pjirâh chkar umh i`st`mk`ûm amtra ljs hijlaskamtas ia bhyjr r`asdj, trhthmij ia `iamt`f`khrljs iasia umh aihi tabprhmh phrh trhth ia hpl`khr `mtarvamk`jmas iasia hmtas ia `r h lh askualh, y ljs qua mj, av`thmij hsâ bai`ihs qua pjirâhm kjmvart`r am ial`mkuamtas krûm`kjs h oûvamas qua hehmijmhrâhm i`kcj kjbpjrthb`amtj ia fjrbh mhturhl. [` chkabjs umh i`st`mk`ûm pjr dàmarj, amkjmtrhbjs qua bamjs ia um 8% ia lhs hijlaskamtas lladhm h kjmvart`rsa am ial`mkuamtas h lhrdj plhzj. Am al khsj ia ljs  oûvamas, phrh khih kc`kh qua phrt`k`ph am `mfrhkk`jmas mj thm drhvas, lj chkam 1 kc`kjs. Yhl kjbj bamk`jm bamk`jmh h Uaijmi Uaijmij, j, lhs rhzjm rhzjmas as am lh i`faram i`faramk`h k`h ia lh phrt`k`phk`ûm phrt`k`phk`ûm ial` ia l`kt kt`v `vh h sj sjm m bu buyy vh vhr` r`hi hihs hs,, ia iasi siaa al alab abam amtj tjss sj sjk` k`jk jkul ultu turh rhla lass h al alab abam amtj tjss ps`kje`jlûd`kjs. Am lh hijlaskamk`h ljs vhrjmas t`amiam bès h axpljrhr al hbe`amta ial ehrr`j, ljs drupjs ia kc`kjs rahl`zhm bhyjras iasplhzhb`amtjs y bukchs vakas sa ial`mqua pjr asthr axpuastjs h umh jpjrtum`ihi.

Khushs y fhktjras ia r`asdjs. [`m pariar damarhl`ihi, damarhl`ihi, kjms`iarhmij kjms`iarhmij al khsj ia lhs ehmihs am Asthij Asthijss Qm`ijs,3 ljs axpartjs chm `iamt`f`khij um drhm mÿbarj ia fhktjras ia r`asdj qua asthiâst`khbamta hphrakam v`mkulhijs h lh hicas`ûm h phmi`llhs y hkt`v`ihias ial`kt`vhs. Astjs fhktjras ia r`asdj hehrkhm lhs i`faramtas i`bams`jmas ia lh v`ih ia um ojvam y pjr lj damarhl sa hdruphm am k`mkj khtadjrâhs (ijb`m`js ial iashrrjllj sjk`hl)? @mi`v`iuj.@mi`v`iu j.- [us fjr fjrbhs bhs ia jk`j (YV (YV,, v`ia v`iajou jouadj adjs, s, @mt @mtarm armat) at) pua puaiam iam fjb fjbamth amthrr lh v`jlamk`h y lh hdras`v`ihi, lh `mkjbum`khk`ûm y lh pàri`ih ia ralhk`jmas sjk`hlas. Al kjmsub`sbj j lh i`vars`ûm vhm iasplhzhmij hl asfuarzj.

 

Fhb`l Fhb`l`h.`h.- Lhs mjrbhs ia i`sk`p i`sk`pl`mh l`mh y lh ralhk`ûm kjm ljs phiras ouadhm um phpal v`thl am al kjbpjrthb`amtj sjk`hl (am asta khsj, hmt`sjk`hl) ial bamjr. Yhm paroui`k`hl puaia sar umh hkt`tui iabhs`hij lhxh y fhlth ia `mtaràs ia ljs prjdam`tjras kjbj umh hkt`tui hutjr`thr`h qua barba lh kjbum`khk`ûm. Askualh.- Al ehoj rami`b`amtj, al hesamt`sbj askjlhr y al frhkhsj askjlhr fhvjrakam lh ial`mkuamk`h. Lh kjlhejrhk`ûm amtra al kamtrj y ljs prjdam`tjras as eès`kh. Hb`sthias.- Al kjmthktj kjm “bhlhs `mfluamk`hs‒ hubamth al r`asdj, humqua al bamjr prjkaih ia um hbe`am hbe`amta ta sjk`hl`zhij. sjk`hl`zhij. Ljs oûvamas t`amiam h `b`thr lhs kjmiukt kjmiukths hs bès karkhmhs. Vak`mihr`j û kjbum`ihi.- Vâkt`bhs ia lh i`skr`b`mhk`ûm sjk`hl y axklu`ijs ia lhs iak`s`jmas `bpjrthmtas, bukcjs oûvamas khrakam ia plhmas j prjyaktjs ia v`ih, y sjm kjms kj ms`i `iar arhi hijs js `m `mkh khph phka kass ia hi hihp hpth thrs rsaa hl ba bai` i`j j sj sjk` k`hl hl,, pj pjrr lj ku kuhl hl tj tjbh bhm m lh ial`mkuamk`h ial`mk uamk`h kjbj hltarmht`vh ia suparv`vamk`h. suparv`vamk`h. Al fèk`l hkkasj h lhs irjdhs, lh fhlth ia jpjrtum`ihias ia abplaj, shlui, aiukhk`ûm y asphk`js phrh lh kulturh y al iapjrta. (Cjwall y Dr`ff`tcs, 5>86). As `bpjrthmta iasthkhr, s`m abehrdj, qua astjs astui`js chm iabjstrhij qua mj chy um ÿm`kj fhktjr ia r`asdj raspjmshela7 bès e`am, as lh hkubulhk`ûm ia bÿlt`plas fhktjras ia r`asdj h trhvàs ia bÿlt`plas khtadjrâhs ljs qua hubamthm am drhm bai`ih lh prjehe`l`ihi ia hkt`v`ihias ial`kt`vhs. ^jr lj thmtj, lh ial`mkuamk`h mj as htr`eu`ela h um sjlj fhktjr ia r`asdj, yh qua hldumjs hldumjs oûvamas axpuastjs axpuastjs hl fhktjr ia r`asdj mj lj kubp ku bpla lam m y jt jtrj rjss oû oûva vama mass s` s`m m al fh fhkt ktjr jr ia r` r`as asdj dj s` sa va vam m `m `mba bars rsjs js am as astj tjss kjbpjrthb`amtjs. Lh ia ial` l`mk mkua uamk mk`h `h ou ouvam vam`l `l as um kj kjbp bpjr jrth thb` b`am amtj tj pr praku akurs rsjr jr ia lh par partam tamamk amk`h `h h phmi`llhs. I`kcj ia jtrj bjij, prèkt`khbamta tjijs ljs oûvamas qua sa umam h umh phmi`l phm i`llh lh av` av`iam iamk`h k`hm m che chear ar phr phrt`k t`k`ph `phij ij am hkt hktjs js ial ial`kt` `kt`vjs vjs kjm hmt hmtar` ar`jr`i jr`ihi. hi. Ljs astui`js thbe`àm buastrhm qua ljs hmtakaiamtas ia lh phrt`k`phk`ûm am phmi`llhs abp`azhm h amtrhr am ouadj bukcj hmtas ia lladhr h lh aihi tâp`kh phrh um`rsa h umh phmi`llh. ^hrh ljs oûvamas ia bhyjr r`asdj, um phtrûm klhva qua sa rap`ta phraka kjbamzhr am aihias ia ;-9 højs, kjm lh hphr`k`ûm ia prjelabhs ia kjmiukth, sadu`ij pjrr al fr pj frhk hkhs hsj j am lh as asku kual alh h pr pr`b `bhr hr`h `h h ai aihi hias as ia 66-85 85 hø højs js77 al `m `m`k `k`j `j am lh ial`mkuamk`h am tjrmj h 85 højs ia aihi7 um`ûm h phmi`llhs am tjrmj h lhs aihias ia 8;-817 y ial`mkuamk`h krûm`kh, sar`h y v`jlamth, am hialhmta iasia bai`hijs ia lh hijlaskamk`h (Cjwall y Adlay, 5>>1).

Kjmsakuamk`hs Lh pr`barh kjmsakuamk`h ia lh ial`mkuamk`h ouvam`l as lh pàri`ih ia lh askhlh ia vhljras,, sadu`ih ia lh v`jlamk vhljras v`jlamk`h `h am lh khlla, trhyamij kjms`dj al tabjr ia lh pjelhk`ûm pjr al `mkrabamtj ia astjs drupjs. Jtrhs kjmsakuamk`hs sjm ljs ihøjs fâs`kjs, thmtj pjr lhs car`ihs j lh buarta ia parsjmhss hthkhihs pjr ljs ial`mkuamtas, parsjmh ial`mkuamtas, ihmij ludhr h muavhs vâkt`b vâkt`bhs hs kjbj sjm lh fhb`l`h, qua h su vaz hkhrrahm kjmsakuamk`hs ps`kjlûd`khs. Damarhlbamta lh sjk`aihi sa prajkuph bès pjr lh pravamk`ûm, khst`dj y rache`l`thk`ûm ial ial`mkuamta qua pjr htamiar hta miar h lhs par parsjmh sjmhss hdr hdrai` ai`ihs7 ihs7 as `bp `bpjrth jrthmta mta trh trhthr thr h ljs ial ial`mk `mkuam uamtas tas par parj j thbe`àm lj as trhthr h lhs vâkt`bhs.

 

kjmsakuamk`h pjs`t`vh phrh lh sjk`aihi as al fjbamt Qmh kjmsakuamk`h fjbamtj j ia kamtrjs phrh lh lukch y pravamk`ûm kjmtrh ial`tjs y hi`kk`jmas, hsâ kjbj `mst`tuk`jmas qua er`mihm hpjyj ps`kjlûd`kj h fhb`l`hs, lhs kuhlas sjm al pr`bar mÿklaj ijmia sa puaia tarb`mhr kjm lh ial`mkuamk`h. Qmh vaz qua al ial`mkuamta ouvam`l hlkhmzh lh bhiuraz as prjehela qua kjmt`mÿa bjstrhm bjs trhmij ij kjb kjbpjr pjrthb thb`amt `amtjs js ia ias iashih hihpthk pthk`ûm `ûm y qua hub hubamta amta su r`as r`asdj dj ia sar prjkashij h trhvàs ial s`stabh ia oust`k`h pamhl kjbj ial`mkuamta hiultj. Iae`ij hl paquaøj pjrkamthoa ia ial`mkuamtas hiultjs y ouvam`las che`tuhlas qua kjmtr`euyam am hltj pjrkam pjrkamthoa thoa h ljs ial`tjs v`jlamtjs (as iak`r, hsas`mhtj y hshltj kjm hdrhvh hdrhvhmtas) mtas) al s`stabh ia oust`k`h pamhl iaea suparv`shr ash paquaøh pjelhk`ûm ia kr`b`mhlas prjfas`jmhlas prjfas` jmhlas am um asfuarzj phrh pravam pravam`r `r lh prjl` prjl`farhk`û farhk`ûm m ia ial`mk ial`mkuamtas uamtas v`jlamtjs sar`js. [` ljs trhstjrmjs bamthlas thlas kjbj al trhstjrmj ia kjmiukth mj sa i`hdmjst`khm y mj sa trhthm al ial`mkuamta ouvam`l t`ama al pjtamk`hl krak`amta ia iashrrjllhr um trhstjrmj hmt`sjk`hl ia lh parsjmhl`ihi y kjmt`muhr bès hialhmta su v`ih kjbj um kr`b`mhl prjfas`jmhl. Lh bhyjrâh ia ial`mkuamtas v`jlamtjs axc`ea rhsdjs ial trhstjrmj hmt`sjk`hl ia lh parsjmhl`ihi y ljs buastrhm hmtas ia ljs 81 højs. Al trhstjrmj hmt`sjk`hl hmt`sj k`hl ia lh parsjmhl`ihi parsjmhl`ihi as um i`hdmûst`kj i`hdmûst`kj kjbÿm phrh um hsas`mj am sar`a. Ljs hutjras Èlvhraz y Ehkcbhm amkjmtrhrjm qua umh s`b`l`tui amtra ljs hsas`mjs am sar`a arhm sus hmtar`jras kjmv`kk`jmas kr`b`mhlas. Am asta khsj al trhstjrmj ia kjmiukth sa puaia kjmvart`r am um alabamtj prjehela phrh al hsas`mj am sar`a s` mj sa i`hdmjst`kh  y sa trhth hmtas ia qua sa kjmv`arth kjbplathbamta am lh aihi hiulth am um trhstjrmj hmt`sjk`hl ia lh parsjmhl`ihi. Al trhstjrmj ia kjmiukth y al trhstjrmj hmt`sjk`hl ia lh parsjmhl`ihi sa khtadjr`zhm kjbj trhstjrmjs ia parsjmhl`ihi kjm iaf`m`k`jmas axtrabhihbamta s`b`lhras am I[B@V-YU

MJYH 8- ºXuà hprami`sta ia asjs tabhs: Lhs irjdhs sjm umh prjelabèt`kh qua hfakth h tjihs lhs parsjmhs, s`m i`st`mk`ûm ia kulturh, atm`h, aihi j dàmarj. Ljs bamjras ia aihi mj sjm lh axkapk`ûm ia amvjlvarsa am as asta ta bu bumi mij. j. Uh Uhrj rj as al iâ iâh h am al qu quaa mj hb hbhm hmak akab abjs js kj kjm m hl hldu dumh mh mj mjt` t`k` k`h h

 

ralhk`jmhih kjm oûvamas, bukcjs ia alljs bamjras ia aihi. Lh ouvamtui ia cjy am iâh astè rjiahih ia v`jlamk`h, irjdhs, ial`mkuamk`h, hlkjcjl, amtra jtrjs.

5- ºKûbj puaias hpl`khrlj h tu aoark`k`j prjfas`jmhl: Hkjmsaohmij h ljs oûvamas y ihmij kchrlhs qua rahlbamta sahm ia hyuih h su v`ih parsjmhl y aiukht`vh.

;- ºKuèl tabh fua al qua bès ta llhbû lh htamk`ûm: Al kjmsubj ia irjdhs am ljs hijlaskamtas.