Construcción de Invernaderos

 

WHCYGPUCFNF VÃEHCEN FG @N@NMBSB INEWAVNF FG ECGHECNU NLPBTGEWNPCNU NLPBTGEWNPCNU ENPPGPN FG CHLGHCGPËN NLPBTGEWNPC NLPBTGEWNPCN N

EBHUVPWEECBHGU EBHUVPWEECB HGU PWPNAGU

UG]VB HCYGA

VËVWAB? HWGYBU NTBPVGU N ANU EBHUVPWEECBHGU EBHUVPWEECBHG U  NLPBTGEWNPCNU  NLPBTGEWNPCN U

VGKN? EBHUVPWEECÕH FG CHYGPHNFGPBU

NWVBP? KBACHN EGFGÞB TGFPB

00 fg ouacb fga 04>3 @N@NMBSB ― ABU PËBU

 

CHVPBFWEECÕH An fcvgrscicenecõh prbfuetcvn, tnh hgegsnrcn gh abs tcgkpbs netunags, hbs chfcen an hgegscfnf fg kgobrnr abs scstgkns fg prbfueecõh fg mbrtnaczns y iabrgs. Wh chvgrhnfgrb gs uhn mgrrnkcghtn kuy ÿtca pnrn prbfuecrans iugrn fg tgkpbrnfn, ebhsgluc ebhs glucrr knybr prgebec prgebecfnf, fnf, nukg nukghtnr htnr abs rghfc rghfckcght kcghtbs, bs, nebrt nebrtnr nr abs eceab eceabss vglgtntcvbs fg ans panhtns, kgobrnr an enacfnf fg abs euatcvbs kgfcnhtg uhn ntkõsigrn chtgrcbr nrtcicecna y ebhtrbanfn, ebkb uhn ibrkn fg eban`brnr ebh abs nlrceu nlr ceuatb atbrgs rgs,, yn qug gstns tãehce tãehcens ns tcghg tcghgh h en enfn fn fën qug pnsn uh uhn n kny knybr  br  rgagvnhecn, gstnhfb sglurb fg ebhtrc`ucr na pgrigeecbhnkcghtb fg an nlrceuaturn. Un`gkbs, pbr an gxpgrcghecn qug tcghgh abs prbfuetbrgs rgeblcfn gh ga tgrrghb, qug qu g sbh sbh ku kuem embs bs ab abss pr prbf bfue uetb tbss nl nlrëe rëeba bans ns qu qug g pu pugf gfgh gh sg sgrr eu euatc atcvn vnfb fbss gh chvgrhnfgrbs, n abs qug sg mnh nlrglnfb ebh schluanr ãxctb ans iabrgs. Fga kcsk kc skb b kb kbfb fb,, ga ch chvg vgrh rhnf nfgr grb b gs uh lr lrnh nh na nacn cnfb fb fg an ge gebh bhbk bkën ën inkc inkcacacnr  nr  enkpgschn, yn qug ans pgqugþns prbfueecbhgs b`tghcfns `nob gstg scstgkn ebhtrc`uygh hbtn`agkghtg n an nackghtnecõh snhn fg kuemns inkcacns, mnh fgsn fg snrr rrba baan anfb fb gs gstb tbss eu euatatcv cvbs bs ebh ebh lr lrnh nh ãx ãxctctb, b, mn mnst stn n ga puht puhtb b fg sn sntctcsi sine negr  gr  prîetcenkghtg ans hgegscfnfgs fg mbrtnaczns, eban`brnhfb ebh ga nmbrrb y ebh an snauf fg an pb`anecõh na ghtrglnr prbfuetbs irgsebs na kgrenfb, rgecãh ebsgemnfbs, yn qug nhtgs fg gstn vgrfnfgrn rgvbauecõh nlrëeban, tbfbs gstbs prbfuetbs fg`ënh sgr "ckpbrtnfbs". Gh an ne netu tuna nacf cfnf nf,, ab abss nl nlrc rceu euatatbr brgs gs sg pu pugf gfgh gh trnh trnhsi sibr brkn knrr gh prõs prõspg pgrb rbss pgqugþbs gkprgsnrcbs. Uus `ghgicecbs mnh knscicenfb su usb gh an nlrceuaturn pbrqug pgrkctgh b`tghgr uhn prbfueecõh ackpcn, trn`nonr gh su chtgrcbr furnhtg ab abss fë fëns ns aauv aauvcb cbsb sbs, s, fg fgsn snrrb rrbaaaanr nr eu euatatcv cvbs bs qug qug hg hgeg egsc sctn tnh h btrn btrnss eb ebhf hfce cecb cbhg hgss eackîtcens y gvctnr abs fnþbs fg rbgfbrgs, pîonrbs, aauvcn b ga vcghtb. Vnk`cãh prbfueg uhn gebhbkën gh ga rcglb pbr an kghbr gvnpbtrnhspcrnecõh, qug gs an pãrfcfn fg nlun pbr an gvnpbrnecõh fga sugab y an trnhspcrnecõh fg ans panhtns, na gstnr prbtglcfns fga vcghtb. Uu ebhstrueecõh gs sckpag. @nstn uhn gstrueturn fg sb sbpb pbrtg rtg fg knfg knfgrn rn b kg kgtn tnaa y uh uhn n eu`c eu`cgr grtn tn qu qug g pu pugf gfg g sg sgrr pb pbacacgt gtcacagh ghb b trnhspnrghtg, pbacenr`bhntb b vcfrcbs, qug ab eu`rcrî pbr abs euntrb ebstnfbs y ga tgemb. Nsë rgtcghg y knhtcghg gh su chtgrcbr uhn `ughn pnrtg fg an tgkpgrnturn qug sg prbfueg pbr ga enabr fga sba.

 

Abs chvgrhnfgrbs rgqucgrgh uh scstgkn pnrn rgluanr an vghtcanecõh, an mukgfnf y an tgkpgrnturn chtgrcbr. Trgecsnh, nsckcskb, fg uhn knybr gspgecnacznecõh gh ga knhg knhgob ob fg an anss panh panhtn tnec ecbh bhgs gs,, fg fg`c `cfb fb n qug qug an anss pa panl nlns ns y gh ghig igrk rkgf gfnf nfgs gs gheughtrnh kgobrgs ebhfcecbhgs pnrn su fgsnrrbaab, fg`cfb n an mukgfnf y an tgkpgrnturn. Gstb sg sbauecbhn ebh uh ebhtrba nfgeunfb fg gaans. Gh eackns irëb irëbss gs hg hgeg egsn snrc rcb b qu qug g ga ch chvg vgrh rhnf nfgr grb b eu eugh ghtg tg eb ebh h uh uhn n fb fb`a `ag g eu eu`c `cgr grtn tn fg pbacgtcaghb, ebh ans aîkchns sgpnrnfns ghtrg së pbr < n >4 eghtëkgtrbs. Gstb pgrkctcrî qug an eîknrn fg ncrg qug sg prbfueg ghtrg gaans netÿg ebkb ncsanhtg pnrn ebhsgrvnr ga enabr. An eu`cgrtn gxtgrcbr rgqucgrg fg uh kntgrcna kîs lrugsb (4,>7 Ú 4,04 kk) y ebh prbtgeecõh nhtc WY (Pnybs Watrnvcbagtns): pbacgtcaghb fg fbs tgkpbrnfns. Gh enk`cb, pnrn abs chtgrcbrgs `nstn ebh uhb fgalnfb (4,49 kk). Gh ga prgsghtg fbeukghtb fnrî n ebhbegr abs fcstchtbs nspgetbs qug sg fg`gh fg tghgr gh eughtn pnrn an ebhstrueecõh fg chvgrhnfgrbs.

B@OGVCYBU B`ogtcvb lghgrna Fgsnrr Fgs nrrbaa baanr nr ebh ebhbec beckcg kcghtb htbss sb`rg sb`rg an ebhstr ebhstruee ueecõh cõh fg chv chvgrh grhnf nfgrb grbss ebh an ckpagkghtnecõh fg hugvns fg hugvns tgehbablëns qug pgrkctnh uh fgsnrrbaab sbstghc`ag gh uhn fgtgrkchnfn pb`anecõh.  

B`ogtcvb gspgeëiceb 

Cfghtcicenr abs prchecpnags tcpbs fg chvgrhnfgrbs qug sg ebhstruygh gh ga



pnës. Ebkprghfgr abs pnrîkgtrbs n tghgr gh eughtn pnrn an gageecõh fga tcpb fg chvgrhnfgrb.



Ebhb Eb hbeg egrr ans ans gs gstr true uetu turn rnss g ch chst stna nane necb cbhg hgss pn pnrn rn an eb ebhs hstr true ueec ecõh õh y gkpanznkcghtb fg uh chvgrhnfgrb nebrfg n hugstrn lgblrniën.

 

C.

EBHUVPWEECÕH FG CHYGPHNFGPBU

Gtckbaõlcenkghtg, an pnan`rn chvgrhnfgrb vcghg fg chvcgrhb ― chvgrhnr, y sg utcaczn pnrn nk`cghtgs chtgrcbrgs qug pgrkctnh sb`rgaagvnr ans ebhfcecbhgs fg chvcgrhb. Gh ga enkpb fg ans ebhstrueecbhgs aanknkbs Chvgrhnfgrb n nqugaan gstrueturn egrrnfn euyn eu`cgrtn gs enpnz fg trnhskctcr auz sbanr y fghtrb fg an euna gs pbsc`ag lghgrnr ebhfcecbhgs eackîtcens nrtcicecnags. Gh an zbhn actbrna y nhfchn geuntbrcna, fnfns ans ebhfcecbhgs eackîtcens sg ebhst eb hstruy ruygh gh gst gstrue ruetur turns ns tcp tcpb b chvgrh chvgrhnfg nfgrb, rb, pug pugss gh su lrn lrnh h kn knybr ybrën, ën, gst gstns ns gstrueturns, enrgegh fg ebhtrba chtgrcbr fg eackn. Uch gk`nrlb, fg gaab, fg`cfb n abs enk`cbs eackîtcebs qug ghtrg btrns ebsns mn trnëfb, ga enaghtnkcghtb lab`na, sg gstî fgsnrrbaanhfb tgehbablën abena pnrn chlrgsnr gh gsg enkpb kgobrnhfb ans gstrueturns gxcstghtgs. Ga ëhfceg fg usb fg gstrueturns aclgrns tcpb chvgrhnfgrbs, gh ga Geunfbr mn ebhtchunfb chergkghtîhfbsg rîpcfnkghtg, ebhibrkg mn cfb gvbauecbhnhfb gh sus prbegsbs ebhstruetcvbs, nsë ebkb gh ga kntgrcna fga qug gstîh ebkpugstbs.  Ntrîs vnh qugfnhfb abs chvgrhnfgrbs fg knfgrn gh abs eunags sg fg`ën chvgrtcr  natbs ebstbs fg knhtghckcghtb pnrn nukghtnr su vcfn ÿtca. Mby gh fën gstbs chvgrhnfgrbs ebhbecfbs ebkb nrtgsnhnags, ebhstrucfbs iuhfnkghtnakghtg gh knfg kn fgrn rn,, qu qug g hb pbsg pbsgën ënh h eckg eckght htne necb cbhg hgss yn qu qug g su suss eb ebau aukh khns ns gs gstn tn`n `nh h fcrgetnkghtg ghtgrrnfns gh ga sugab, vnh scghfb rggkpanznfbs pbr gstrueturns kîs sglurns y fg kgobrgs kntgrcnags, ebkb, pbr gogkpab, abs chvgrhnfgrbs kcxtbs ebkpugstbs fg mbrkclõh y negrb qug utcacznh eckcghtbs pgrckgtrnags (tghsbrgs) mgembs fg mbrkclõh y vnrcaan acsn, eckcghtbs chtgrkgfcbs b chtgrcbrgs mgembs gh mbrkclõh nrknfb. An acstn fg entglbrën y tcpbs fg Chvgrhnfgrbs gs gxtghsn fg`cãhfbsg n an lrnh vnrcgfnf fg chvgrhnfgrbs kgtîacebs qug mnh scfb fcsgþnfbs mnstn hugstrbs fëns. An knybrën fg chvgrhnfgrbs qug sg vcghgh ebhstruyghfb, sbh abs chvgrhnfgrbs ebh gagkghtbs iagxc`ags ebkb negrb lnavnhcznfb suogtbs ebh en`ags tghsbrgs, abs kcskbs qug sg mnh ebhvgrtcfb gh ga scstgkn fg kîs nkpacn fciuscõh. En`g sgþnanr qug furnhtg abs erufbs vgrnhbs qug sg prgsghtnh, tcghfgh n gstrbpgnr  kuembs chvgrhnfgrbs kcxtbs y fg knfgrn. Wh trn`nob fg chvgstclnecõh rgvgaõ

 

qug an lrnh knybrën fg >9 rgebhstrueecbhgs y snavnkghtbs fg chvgrhnfgrb iugrbh mgembs gh kgtna ebh an cfgn, pbr supugstb, fg kgobrnr ans gstrueturns fnþnfns, y, sb`rg tbfb, pnrn qug sg nen`gh abs prb`agkns. Ga usb fg negrb fg`g mnegrsg ebh kîxckn prufghecn pbr pnrtg fga ebhstruetbr, pugs sn`g qug gstî trn`nonhfb ebh uh kntgrcna qug nfbageg fg gs`gatgz pnrn ebaukhns, y fg intcln eunhfb sg sugafn chnprbpcnfnkghtg. Ucghfb nkpacn an lnkn fg chvgrhnfgrbs, gspgecnakghtg kgtîacebs, fg`gkbs ecreuhserc`cr hugstrb nhîacscs y gstufcb n abs chvgrhnfgrbs iagxc`ags, pbr sgr an natgrhntcvn kîs usuna gh ga pnës y naluhbs pnësgs fg Uufnkãrcen ebkb pbr gogkpab Ebabk`cn, Emcag, Tgrÿ, Yghgzugan, gte. Ichnakghtg gs ckpbrtnhtg sgþnanr qug, gstbs chvgrhnfgrbs mnh scfb b`ogtb fg gstufcb pbr kîs fg >4 nþbs furnhtg ga gogrececb prbigscbhna fg chlghcgrbs, qucãhg quc ãhgss mn mnh h rge rgebp bpcan canfb fb naluhb naluhbss erc erctgr tgrcbs cbs sb sb`rg `rg abs kntgrc kntgrcnag nagss qug fg` fg`gh gh utcacznrsg gh Chvgrhnfgrb pnrn hugstrn zbhn. Uclucghfb gh ab ebhegptuna, ectnkbs fg knhgrn lrîicen gogkpabs fg gstrueturns qug eanscicenh ebkb Chvgrhnfgrb b tcpb Chvgrhnfgrb?

Caustrnecõh >? Gogkpab >? Gogkpab fg chvgrhnfgrb rëlcfb.

 

Caustrnecõh 0? Gogkpab 0? Gogkpab fg chvgrhnfgrb ebh eu`cgrtn fg vcfrcb.

>. ²^uã ²^uã ggss uh uh cchvg hvgrhn rhnfgr fgrb2 b2 Wh chvgrhnfgrb gs uh gspnecb ebh ga kcerbeackn nprbpcnfb pnrn ga õptckb fgsnrrbaab fg uhn panhtnecõh gspgeëicen. Gh fbhfg sg pugfg fnr uh ebhtrba fg ans sclucghtgs vnrcn`ags an tgkpgrnturn, an mukgfnf rgantcvn y an vghtcanecõh nprbpcnfn pnrn naenhznr natn prbfuetcvcfnf n `nob ebstb, gh kghbs tcgkpb, sch fnþb nk`cghtna, prbtglcghfb na euatcvb fg aauvcns, lrnhczb, mganfns, chsgetbs b gxegsbs fg vcghtb pgroufcecnags (Ycaanvceghecb Grns, 04>9).

Caustrnecõh 5? Chvgrhnfgrb. 5? Chvgrhnfgrb.

 

@rnvb Vruocaab & Iabrgs Unanznr (0449-0447).

0. Eansci Eanscicen cenecõ ecõh h fg abs chvg chvgrhn rhnfgr fgrbs bs Gxcstgh fcigrghtgs tcpbs fg gstrueturns b tcpbs fg chvgrhnfgrb qug fgpghfg fg ecgrtbs inetbrgs pnrn su ebhstrueecõh. Ga kntgrcna n utcacznrsg utcac znrsg fg`g sgr rgscstghtg qug hb sg fgibrkg ebh ga pnsb fga tcgkpb, yn qug gstî sbkgtcfn n fcigrghtgs rgiugrzbs ebkb ga prbpcb pgsb fg su gstrueturn b an prgscõh gogrecfn pbr ga vcghtb. Ga kntgrcna ebh ga euna sg vn n rgeu`rcr an gstrueturn fg`g sgr rgscstghtg na gkpuog fga vcghtb y fg sgr hgegsnrcb n uhn pbsc`ag aauvcn fg lrnhczb, nsë

 

ebkb fg`g nsglurnr an knybr trnhskcscõh fg rnfcnecõh sbanr na chtgrcbr fg an gstrueturn (Kbhtn Luntnpc & Emnin Puëz, 04>9). Abs chvgrhnfgrbs sg pugfgh eanscicenr fg fcstchtns ibrkns, sglÿh sg ntcghfn n fgtgrkchnfns enrnetgrëstcens fg sus gagkghtbs ebhstruetcvbs? 

Uglÿh ga rnhlb fg tgkpgrnturns n knhtghgr gh ga chvgrhnfgrb



Uglÿh su pgrica gxtgrhb



Uglÿh su ibrkn

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Uglÿh ga kntgrcna fg eu`cgrtn

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Uglÿh ga kntgrcna fg an gstrueturn, gte.

0.> Chvgrhnfgrbs icobs Ubh chvgrhnfgrbs qug yn hb sg pugfgh kbvgr fga aulnr qug sg abs ebhstruyn. 

0.0 Chvgrhnfgrb fgskbhtn`ag. Gstbs sg beupnh gh euatcvbs iabrnags y mbrtëebans, y pugfgh tghgr uhbs 9.7 k fg nhemb ebkb kîxckb y nqugaabs qug sg kugvgh sb`rg enrrcags 3 k.

0.5 Ibrkn ebhstruetcvn  Abss kntg Ab kntgrcn rcnag agss kî kîss us usnf nfbs bs pn pnrn rn an gs gstru truet etur urn n sb sbh h an kn knfg fgrn rn,, ga mc mcgr grrb rb lnavn lna vnhcz hcznfb nfb.. Tnr Tnrn n su rgeu`r rgeu`rckcg ckcghtb htb sbh gs gsghe ghecna cnakgh kghtg tg us usnfb nfbss ga ercstn ercstnaa y kntgrcnags paîstcebs.

0.6 Vcpbs fg Ebk`chnecbhg Ebk`chnecbhgss   

Knfgrn y ercstna Knfgrn y paîstceb



Mcgrrb y paîstceb

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Mcgrrb, paîstceb y knfgrn

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Mcgrrb y ercstna

5. Vc Vcpb pbss fg ch chvg vgrh rhnf nfgr grbs bs (Ycaanvceghecb Grns, 04>9) Mnyy vn Mn vnrc rcns ns ib ibrk rkns ns fg ch chvg vgrh rhnf nfgr grb: b: en enfn fn uhn uhn fg ga gaan anss gs kî kîss b kg kghb hbss nfgeunfn pnrn enfn tcpb fg euatcvb, pnrn enfn aulnr fg gkpanznkcghtb y pnrn ans ebhfcecbhgs eackîtcens fga aulnr.

 

Ga ebhbeckcghtb fg an ibrkn fga chvgrhnfgrb hbs vn n pgrkctcr sgageecbhnr fg uhn knh knhgrn grn kîs nfg nfgeun eunfn fn nqugaa nqugaabs bs knt kntgrc grcnag nagss qu qug g utc utcacz acznrg nrgkbs kbs pnr pnrn n an ebhstrueecõh fg an gstrueturn, fg ans pnrgfgs antgrnags y irbhtnags, fg abs tgembs, fg neugrfb ebh sus enrnetgrëstcens, ebkpbrtnkcghtb irghtg n inetbrgs gxtgrhbs g chtgrhbs, vghtnons y fgsvghtnons.  Naluhns fg ans ebhiclurnecbhgs ebhiclurnecbhgs fg chvgrhnfgrb chvgrhnfgrb kîs ebkuhgs sbh? 

 Chvgrhnfgrb panhb

 

 Chvgrhnfgrb gh rnspn y nknlnfb

 

 Chvgrhnfgrb nsckãtrceb

 

 Chvgrhnfgrb fg enpcaan

 

 Chvgrhnfgrb fg fb`ag enpcaan

   

 Chvgrhnfgrb tÿhga b sgkcecaëhfrceb   Chvgrhnfgrb fg ercstna.

5.> Chvgrhnfgrb panhb Ga chvgrhnfgrb panhb gstî ebkpugstb fg fbs pnrtgs? uhn gstrueturn vgrtcena y btrn btr n mbr mbrczb czbhtn htna,a, `cg `cgh h fci fcigrg grghec hecnf nfns. ns. Lgh Lghgrn grnakg akghtg htg,, sg utcacz utcaczn n gh zbh zbhns ns ebh ebh gsensns prgecpctnecbhgs. An gstrueturn vgrtcena gstî ebhibrknfn pbr sbpbrtgs rëlcfbs pgrckgtrnags fg knfgrn b negrb lnavnhcznfb, usunakghtg ecaëhfrcebs, qug tcghgh uhn cheachnecõh mnecn ga gxtgrcbr fg uhbs 54¿ ebh rgspgetb n an vgrt vg rtce cena na:: gs gstb tbss sb sbpb pbrt rtgs gs gs gstî tîh h sc sctu tunf nfbs bs gh an anss `n `nhf hfns ns an antg tgrn rnag agss y gh an anss gsquchns, y suogtnfbs gh su pnrtg supgrcbr: scrvgh pnrn tghsnr ans eugrfns fg nank`rg fg an eu`cgrtn. Tbsgg, tnk`cãh, sbpbrtgs b pcgs chtgrcbrgs chtgrkgfcbs. An gstrueturn mbrczbhtna gstî ebhstctucfn pbr fbs knaans fg nank`rg lnavnhcznfb supgrpugstns, ckpanhtnfns knhunakghtg, knhunakghtg, ans qug scrvgh pnrn pbrtnr y suogtnr an aîkchn fg paîstceb.

 

Caustrnecõh 6? Chvgrhnfgrb 6? Chvgrhnfgrb panhb.

Abs chvgrhnfgrbs panhbs tcghgh uhn naturn fg eu`cgrtn qug vnrën ghtrg 0.>7 y 5.7 k: an naturn fg ans `nhfns bsecan ghtrg 0 y 0.< k. Abs sbpbrtgs fga ch chvg vgrh rhnf nfgr grb b sg npby npbynh nh gh `abq `abqug ugss trb trbhe hebp bpcrn crnkc kcfn fnag agss prgi prgin` n`rc rcen enfb fbs, s, fg mbrkclõh, ebabenfbs sb`rg pgqugþbs pbzbs fg eckghtnecõh.

5.0 Chvgrhnfgrb gh rnspn y nknlnfb Ga chvgrhnfgrb gh rnspn y nknlnfb tcghg uhn gstrueturn sckcanr n an fga chvgrhnfgrb panhb: pgrb, vnrën an ibrkn fg an eu`cgrtn. Gh an euk`rgrn, an naturn kîxckn fga chvgrhnfgrb bsecan ghtrg 5 y 6.0 k, ibrknhfb uhn rnspn. Gh an pnrtg kîs `non -nknlnfb sg uhgh ans knaans fg an a n eu`cgrtn na sugab kgfcnhtg vcghtbs y mbrqucaans fg mcgrrb qug pgrkctgh ebabenr abs enhnabhgs pnrn ga fgsnlñg fg ans nluns pauvcnags.

Caustrnecõh 7? Chvgrhnfgrb 7? Chvgrhnfgrb gh rnspn y nknlnfb.

An naturn fga nknlnfb bsecan fg 0 n 0.= k: an fg ans `nhfns, ghtrg 0 y 0.7 k: an sgpnrnecõh ghtrg npbybs y abs vcghtbs fga nknlnfb gs fg 0 x 6. Ga îhluab fg an eu`cgrtn bsecan ghtrg 9 y 04¿ gstg ÿatckb gs ga vnabr õptckb. An brcghtnecõh rgebkghfnfn gs gh fcrgeecõh gstg bgstg.

 

5.5 Chvgrhnfgrb nsckãtrceb

Caustrnecõh 9? 9? Chvgrhnfgrb  Chvgrhnfgrb nsckãtrceb.

Ga chvgrhnfgrb nsckãtrceb fcicgrg fga fg tcpb rnspn y nknlnfb, gh ga nukghtb fg an supgricecg gh an enrn gxpugstn na sur: gstg nukghtb tcghg pbr b`ogtb nerg ne rgeg eght htnr nr an enpn enpnec ecfn fnf f fg enpt enptne necõ cõh h fg an rnfc rnfcne necõ cõh h sban sbanr: r: pn pnrn rn ga gaab ab,, ga chvgrhnfgrb sg brcghtn gh sghtcfb gstg-bgstg, pnrnagab na rgebrrcfb npnrghtg fga Uba. An cheachnecõh fg an eu`cgrtn gs tna qug pgrkctg qug an rnfcnecõh sbanr checfn pgrpgh pgrp ghfc fceu euan anrk rkgh ghtg tg sb`r sb`rg g ga gaan an na kg kgfc fcbf bfën ën sb sban anr, r, fu furn rnht htg g ga sb sbas astctcec ecb b fg chvcgrhb, ãpben gh an qug ga Uba naenhzn su puhtb kîs `nob. Gstg îhluab prõxck prõ xckb b n 94¿ be bensc nscbh bhn n lrnhf lrnhfgs gs chebhv chebhvghc ghcght ghtgs gs pbr pbr an chg chgstn stn`ca `cacfn cfnf f fg an gstr gs true uetu turn rn n ab abss iu iugr grtg tgss vc vcgh ghtb tbs: s: pb pbrr gaab gaab,, su suga gagh gh ck ckpa pagk gkgh ghtn tnrs rsg g îh îhlu luab abss ebkprghfcfbs ghtrg abs = y >>¿ gh an enrn sur, y ghtrg abs >= y 54¿ gh an enrn hbrtg. An naturn kîxckn fg an euk`rgrn vnrën ghtrg 5 y 7 k, y su naturn këhckn fg 0.5 n 5 k: an fg ans `nhfns bsecan ghtrg 0.>7 y 5 k: an sgpnrnecõh fg abs npbybs chtgrcbrgs sugag sgr fg 0 x 6 k.

5.6 Chvgrhnfgrb fg enpcaan sckpag Gh ga chvgrhnfgrb fg enpcaan sckpag, an tgemuk`rg ibrkn uhb b fbs panhbs cheachnfbs, sglÿh sgn n uh nlun b n fbs nluns. Ga nhemb qug sugag fnrsg n gstg tcpb fg chvgrhnfgrb gs fg >0 n >9 k. An naturn gh euk`rgrn gstî ebkprghfcfn ghtrg 5.07 y 6 k. Uc an cheachnecõh fg abs panhbs fg an tgemuk`rg gs knybr n 07¿, hb birgeg chebhvghcghtgs gh an gvneunecõh fga nlun fg aauvcn. An vghtcanecõh sg rgnaczn n trnvãs fg vghtnhns irbhtnags y antgrnags: pgrb, eunhfb sg trntn fg gstrueturns ibrknfns pbr vnrcns hnvgs uhcfns, an nusghecn fg vghtnhns eghctnags fciceuatn an vghtcanecõh.

 

Ga chvgrhnfgrb fg fb`ag enpcaan gstî ibrknfb pbr fbs hnvgs yuxtnpugstns. Uu vghtcanecõh gs kgobr qug gh btrbs tcpbs fg chvgrhnfgrb, fg`cfb n an vghtcanecõh eghctna gh an euk`rgrn fg abs fbs gsenabhgs qug ibrkn an yuxtnpbscecõh fg ans hnvgs nvgs::

gstn tnss

n`grt `grtu urn rnss

fg

vghtc ghtcan anec ecõh õh

sugag ugagh h

pgrkn grknh hge gegr gr n` n`ccgrtn grtnss

ebhstnhtgkghtg y, pbr ab lghgrna, eughtnh ebh knaan kbsquctgrn. Vnk`cãh pbsgg vghtcanecõh vgrtcena gh ans pnrgfgs irbhtnags y antgrnags.

Caustrnecõh