Construção Civil

 

LCB\]ZWÀÌC LAUAF

Nfgssnbmrn Knrtabs Lubhn Nbmrá Fuës Njatnbtg Lnrcfabg \lhbgamgr Fulac Fáfas Gspnrtgf Zcbga ]an`c \tgab Uabalaus \akacbntc

 

L075  

Lcbstruàìc lavaf / Nfgssnbmrn Knrtabs Lubhn ... Ygt nf.[. “ Tcrtc Nfg`rg ? \N@NH, :4>0.

 

>. Lcbstruàìc lavaf. :. Abmÿstran mn lcbstruàìc. A. Lubhn, Nfgssnbmrn Knrtabs. LMW 51 Lntnfc`nàìc bn pujfalnàìc? Tcfanbn \nblhgz mg Nrnuoc “ LZJ >4 >4/:41= /:41=

 

Lcblrgtn`gk? kntgranas Cjogtavcss mg nprgbmazn`gk Cjogtavc Nc eabnf mgstg tgxtc, tgx tc, vclï mgvg nprgsgbtnr cs sg`uabtgs nprgbmaznmcs? 

Amgbta﬎lnr lnmn kntgranf lcbstatuabtg mc lcblrgtc.



Maegrgblanr lnmn tapc mg lakgbtc, n`fckgrnmcs g suns eublacbnfamnmgs.



Lcbhglgr n fg`asfnàìc/ fg`asfnàìc/bcrkntaznàìc bcrkntaznàìc gxastgbtg.

Abtrcmuàìc Uclï snjan qug n lckpcsaàìc mc lcblrgtc á mnmn pgfn pg fn kasturn mg lakgbtc,

nrgan, pgmrn g î`un, g qug nf`ukns vgzgs tnkják gbtrnk bn lckpcsaàìc nmatavcs pnrn kgfhcrnr ns lnrnltgrëstalns eësalns g quëkalns3 Î`un g lakgbtc lakgbt c prcmuzgk n knssn qug ubg cs n`rg`nmcs (nrgan g pgmrn) qunbmc

gbmurglamc, rgsuftnbmc rgsuftnbmc gk ukn knssn qug mgvg `nrnbtar rgsastïblan rgsastïblan nc gfgkgbtc lcblrgtnmc. Bgstg tgxtc, vclï vna nprgbmgr scjrg lnmn kntgranf qug lckp÷g c

lcblrgtc, lcblrgt c, nfák mns bcrkntaznà÷gs mg lnmn uk mcs kntgranas.

Lcblrgtc C lcblrgtc á ukn kasturn (lakgbtc, î`un, pgmrn g nrgan) qug ecrkn ukn knssn, n qunf mgvgrî nprgsgbtnr pfnstalamnmg su﬎lagbtg su﬎lagbtg pnrn qug pcssn sgr knbusgnmn, trnbspcrtnmn trnbspcrt nmn g fnbànmn, n ﬎k mg `nrnbtar n rgsastïblan bglgssîran nc gfgkgbtc n sgr lcblrgtnmc.

N sg`uar, vclï lcbhglgrî lnmn kntgranf qug lckp÷g c lcblrgtc.

 

Lcblrgtn`gk? kntgranas

Ea`urn >. Lcblrgtc sgbmc npfalnmc gk pasc. Ecbtg? wnbphgb

lhnwnrub` / \huttgrstcli.lck

Lakgbtc Lcbsamgrnmc c knas akpcrtnbtg mcs kntgranas kntgr anas gk ukn cjrn, c lakgbtc Tcrtfnbm á uk pü ﬎bc lck prcpragmnmgs fa`nbtgs, qug gbmurglg scj n nàìc mn î`un. Mgpcas mg gbmurglamc, kgskc qug sgon lcfclnmc gk lcbtntc bcvnkgbtg lck n î`un, c lakgbtc Tcrtfnbm bìc sg mglckp÷g. N Nssclanàìc Jrnsafgarn mg Lakgbtc Tcrtfnbm (NJLT) lfnssaealn, mg nlcrmc lck ns Bcrkns mg Tnmrcbaznàìc Jrnsafgarns, Jrnsafgar ns, c lakgbtc prcmuzamc gk >> >> tapcs, lcbecrkg vclï pcmg p cmg vgr bn ]njgfn >?

8>

 

8:

Lcbstruàìc lavaf

 ]njgfn >. ]njgfn

   n    r    u     t    n     f    l    b    g    k    c     B

Lakgbtc Tcrtfnbm Lckuk

   g     t    n     f    `     a     \

   b    g     m     Z    b     J    c     B   p    s    g    r    r    c    l

   c     ì    à    n    z     a     f     a     t     W

    )    n    n     a    n     a    l    p    l    t    s     K      b    ë    r    k     ï    g    g     t     t    s    l     a    s    n   “    g    r     i     Z    n    l     L    E     (

LT A

NJB] BJZ 7011>

Cjrns gk qug bìc hî gxpcsaàìc n nkjagbtgs mgsenvcrîvgas lck n prgsgbàn mg sufentcs mc scfc cu mg î`uns sujtgrrêbgns.

:7 KTn

Lakgbtc Tcrtfnbm Lckuk lck Nmaàìc 7% mg Tczcfnbn

LT A -\

NJB] BJZ 7011>

Cjrns gk qug bìc hî gxpcsaàìc n nkjagbtgs mgsenvcrîvgas lck n prgsgbàn mg sufentcs mc scfc cu mg î`uns sujtgrrêbgns

:7 KTn

Lakgbtc Tcrtfnbm Lckpcstc lck gslüran `rnbufnmn mg nftc ecrbc

LT AA-G

NJB] BJZ >>708?>110

Wsnmc qunbmc hî bglgssamnmg mg qug ns gstruturns tgbhnk uk mgsprgbmakgbtc mg lnfcr kcmgrnmnkgbt kcmgrnmnkgbtg g fgbtc cu qug pcssnk sgr ntnlnmcs pcr sufentcs.

:7, >708?>110

Cjrns knrëtakns, abmustranas g sujtgrrêbgns pcr lcbtgr mg 5% n >=% mg pczcfnbn `nrnbtabmc ukn knacr akpgrkgnjafamnmg akpgrkgnjafam nmg g murnjafamnmg nc lcblrgtc prcmuzamc lck gstg tapc mg lakgbtc.

:7, .

   n    r    u     t    n     f    l    b    g    k    c     B

   n     f    `     a     \

   g     t    b    g     m     Z    b     J    c     B   p    s    g    r    r    c    l

   c     ì    à    n    z     a     f     a     t     W

    )    n    n    l    n    p     a     a    l     t     K    s      b    ë    r    k     ï    g     t     t    s    l    g     a    s    n   “    g    r     i     Z    n    l     L    E     (

Lakgbtc Tcrtfnbm lckpcstc lck Eafgr

LT AA “ E

NJB] BJZ >>708?>110

Trgpnrc mg nr`nknssns mg nssgbtnkgbtc, nr`nknssns mg rgvgstakgbtc, rgvgstakgbt c, gstruturns mg lcblrgtc nrknmc, scfc-lakgbtc, pascs g pnvakgbtcs mg lcblrgtc.

:7,

Cjrns mg `rnbmg pcrtg g n`rgssavamnmg lckc jnrrn`gbs, gs`ctcs, pnvakgbtnàìc mg gstrnmns, pastns mg ngrcpcrtc, gtl qunbtc bn npfalnàìc mg nr`nknssns mg nssgbtnkgbtc g rgvgstakgbtc, gstruturns mg lcblrgtc nrknmc, prctgbmamc,

:7, 11:

   c     ì    à    n    z     a     f     a     t     W

Cjrns mg rglupgrnàìc gstruturnf, lcblrgtc prcogtnmc, lcblrgtc nrknmc, lcblrgtc prctgbmamc, gfgkgbtcs

    )    n    n    l    p    n    a     a    l    t    s     K      b    ë    r    k     ï    g     t     t    s    l    g     a    s    n   “    g    r     i     Z    n    l     L    E     (

:7, >5?>11=

 ]gk pcr eabnfamnmg rgtnrmnr c mgsprgbmakgbtc mg lnfcr gk pgàns mg `rnbmg knssn mg lcblrgtc,, gvatnbmc c lcblrgtc npnrglakgbtc mg eassurns mg cra`gk tárkaln.

:7, :181?>>1<

Npfalnmc pnrn eabs nrquatgtýbalcs lck ns

:7, > (NJB], :441) á uk n`rg`nmc kaÿmc qug rgsuftn mn ern`kgbtnàìc ern` kgbtnàìc mg rclhns lckc `rnbatc, `bnassg, jnsnftc, sëfaln, qunrtzc g lnflîrac g mgvg pnssnr pcr pgbgarn lck njgrturn mg knfhn mg bc kîxakc =,8 kk. Tcmg sgr cjtamn mg ecbtgs bnturnas, lckc fgatcs mg racs, cu abmustranfaznmn, mglcrrgbtg mg jratn`gk. @rnbufckgtran?  ns nrgans sìc lcbstatuëmns prablapnfkgbtg pcr qunrtzc g mgpgbmgbmc mg sun `rnbufckgtran g `rnu mg purgzn, pcssugk uscs jgk gspglëealcs. Tnrn n lcbstruàìc lcbstr uàìc lavaf, pcr gxgkpfc, gxgkpfc, á utafaznmn ukn nrgan mg `rnbufckgtran knas `rcssn. Trcpragmnmgs?  nrgan lck ukn jcn `rnbufckgtran ` rnbufckgtran bc lcblrgtc mgtgrkabn n jnaxn pcrcsamnmg, kgbcr lcbsukc mg lakgbtc, kgfhcrn bc pgreaf kglêbalc kglêb alc g n murnjafamnmg mu rnjafamnmg mc lcblrgtc. lcblrgtc.

Jratn

87

Uclï oî mgvg tgr lcbhglgr n utafaznàìc mn jratn npfalnmn ä pnvakgbtnàìc, bn mglcrnàìc mc onrmak, bc fnstrc, nbtgs mn gxgluàìc mn lcblrgtn`gk mg uk pasc, gbtrg cutrns npfalnà÷gs. \gbmc nssak, n jratn á uk kntgranf mg usc vgrsîtaf. Kuatc utafaznmn bn lcbstruàìc lavaf, n jratn gk suns mavgrsns m avgrsns `rnbufckgtrans `rnbufckgtrans

lckp÷g mavgrscs tapcs mg lcblrgtc pnrn mavgrsns pgàns, sgonk gstruturns rcjustns cu uk sakpfgs lcblrgtc mg pasc. Mgeabaàìc?  lcbecrkg n NJB] BJZ 0:>>?:441, n jratn á uk n`rg`nmc `rnÿmc, qug enz pnrtg mn lckpcsaàìc mc lcblrgtc, mgvg tgr pcr `rìcs mg kabgrnas murcs, lckpnltcs, murîvgas, gstîvgas, fakpcs g qug bìc abtgrearnk

 

85

Lcbstruàìc lavaf

bc gbmurglakgbtc g hamrntnàìc mc lakgbtc g tnkják bn prctgàìc lcbtrn n lcrrcsìc mn nrknmurn. @rnbufckgtran? sgus `rìcs (pgmrns) ( pgmrns) tïk ecrkns ecrkns nb`ufcsns g supgreëlags supgre ëlags ru`csns, c qug enlafatn n nmgrïblan mc lakgbtc. Mg nlcrmc lck n NJB] BJZ 0:> 0: >>?:441, pcmg-sg lfnssaealn lfn ssaealnrr n jratn jr atn lcbecrkg l cbecrkg n ]njgfn :?  ]njgfn :. ]njgfn

Bukgrnàìc

]nknbhc (gk kk)

Bckgblfnturn usunf

B¿ 4

:,7 n =,8 kk

Tgmraslc

B¿ >

=,8 n >:,7 kk

Tgmrn >

B¿ :

>:,7 n :7 kk

Tgmrn :

B¿ <

:7 n 74 kk

Tgmrn <

B¿ =

74 n 05 kk

Tgmrn =

B¿ 7

05 n >44 kk

Tgmrn mg kìc cu kntnlìc

Trcpragmnmgs?  n jratn jr atn á rgsastgbtg ä lckprgssìc sakpfgs, sakpfgs, ä trnàìc, t rnàìc, nc mgs-

`nstg (pculc akpcrtnbtg akpcrt nbtg), ), bìc tgk rgntavamnmg, á rgsastgbtg nc abtgkpgraskc a btgkpgraskc g pcssua trnjnfhnjafamnmg. t rnjnfhnjafamnmg.

Tnrn snjgr knas scjrg cs n`rg`nmcs, fgan c tgxtc ‖N`rg`nmcs‛, mc favrc ]glbc ]glbcfc`an fc`an mc

Lcblrgtc (BGUAFFG9 JZCCI\, :4>:577? >:577?:4 :4>7 >7 n î`un mgstabnmn mgsta bnmn nc nknssn nknssnkgbtc kgbtc mc lcblrgtc mgvg mgvg sgr `unrmnmn `unrmn mn gk lnaxns gstnbqugs g tnkpnmn, tnkpn mn, mg kcmc n gvatnr n lcbtnkabnàìc pcr sujstêblans gstrnbhns. gstrnb hns. \ujstêblans gssns qug abtgregrgk margtnkgbtg bn qunfamnmg g murnjafamnmg mc lcblrgtc. Trcpragmnmgs? n î`un tgk n eubàìc mg hamrntnr g enlafatnr c gbmurglakgbtc mc

lakgbtc g n hckc`gbgaznàìc mn knssn, knssn , lcbegrabmc-fhg kgfhcr trnjnfhnjafamnmg. Mg nlcrmc lck n NJB] BK B K >110 >110 (Bcrkntavn mc Kgrlcsuf), mgvgk-sg sgr lcbsamgrnmcs cs pnrêkgtrcs mg qunfamnmg mn î`un, lcbecrkg vclï pcmg vgr bn ]njgfn 4 I` mg lakgbtc, c nmatavc utafaznmc sgrî uk hapgrpfnstaealnbtg mg mgbsamnmg ; >,41 `/lk,4%. N pnrtar mcs mnmcs nprgsgbtnmcs, qunf n qunbtamnmg mg nmatavc qug mgvgrî sgr utafaznmn3 Zgscfuàìc? >% mg nmatavc á a`unf n >4 I` Р4,4> ; 4,> I` cu >44 ` mg nmatavc. Nssak, lckc > lk kf? >44/>,41 ; 1>,0= 1>,0= kf, pcmgrî sgr utafaznm u tafaznmc c 1>,0= 1>,0= kf mg nmatavc hapgrpfnstaealnbtg. Nmalacbn-sg tumc nc vcfukg mn î`un n sgr utafaznmn. Mgpcas mg kasturnmcs tcmns ns prcpcrà÷gs lnflufnmns mcs lckpcbgbtgs sglcs mc lcblrgtc á sü ar nlrgslgbtnbmc n î`un lck c nmatavc. Gstg tapc mg nmatavc á kuatc utafaznmc gk lcblrgtcs lcbvgblacbnas g jckjgîvgas9 lcblrgtcs sakpfgs, nrknmcs, rgecrànmcs lck eajrns mg nàc, prctgbmamcs g efuamcs9 lcblrgtcs pnrn pascs abmustranas g pnvakgbtcs9 lcblrgtcs prá-kcfmnmcs9 lcblrgtcs

lckpcstcs lck sëfaln ntavn9 g lcblrgtcs mg nftc mgsgkpgbhc.

 

14

Lcbstruàìc lavaf

708?> ?>110  110  “ N\\CLANÀÌC JZN\AFGAZN MG BCZKN\ ]ÁLBALN\.  NJB] BJZ >>708   “ Lakgbtc Tcrtfnbm lckpcstc “ Gspglaealn Gspglaealnàìc. àìc. Zac mg onbgarc? NJB], >110 >110.

N\\CLANÀÌC JZN\AFGAZN MG BCZKN\ ]ÁLBALN\. NJB] BJZ >:57 :577?:4 7?:4> >7. Lcblrgtc mg lakgbtc Tcrtfnbm “ Trgpnrc, lcbtrcfg, rglgjakgbtc g nlgatnàìc “ Trclgmakgbtc. Zac mg onbgarc? NJB], :4>7. >:181?> >11:181? Tcrtfnbm jrnblc “ Gspglaealnàìc. Gspgla ealnàìc. Zac mg onbgarc? NJB], >11115??>11=. “ Lakgbtc N\\CLANÀÌC JZN\AFGAZN MG BCZKN\ ]ÁLBALN\.  NJB] BJZ >>5 Tcrtfnbm mg jnaxc lnfcr mg hamrntnàìc “ Gspglaealnàìc. Zac mg onbgarc? NJB], >11=.

N\\CLANÀÌC JZN\AFGAZN MG BCZKN\ ]ÁLBALN\.  NJB] BJZ 7011>. “ Lakgbtc N\\CLANÀÌC Tcrtfnbm lckuk “ gspglaealnà÷g g spglaealnà÷gs. s. Zac mg onbgarc? NJB], >11>. >11>. N\\CLANÀÌC JZN\AFGAZN MG BCZKN\ ]ÁLBALN\.  NJB] BJZ 70 N\\CLANÀÌC 7011> 11>. “ Lakgbtc Tcrtfnbm mg nftc-ecrbc “ Gspglaealnàìc. Zac mg onbgarc? NJB], >11>. N\\CLANÀÌC JZN\AFGAZN MG BCZKN\ ]ÁLBALN\.  NJB] BJZ 70111. >111. 7011: 11:. “ Lakgbtcs N\\CLANÀÌC JZN\AFGAZN MG BCZKN\ ]ÁLBALN\.  NJB] BJZ 70 Tcrtfnbm rgsastgbtgs n sufentcs. Zac Za c mg onbgarc? NJB], >11:. >11:.

0:> >>?:441. N`rg`nmcs N\\CLANÀÌC JZN\AFGAZN MG BCZKN\ ]ÁLBALN\.  NJB] BJZ 0: pnrn lcblrgtc “ Gspglaealnàìc. Zac mg onbgarc? NJB], :441.

N\\CLANÀÌC JZN\AFGAZN MG BCZKN\ ]ÁLBALN\.  NJB] BK> ?>110  110 . Nr`nknssn g lcblrgtc “ Î`un pnrn nknssnkgbtc g lurn mg nr`nknssn g lcblrgtc mg lakgbtc Tcrtfnbm. Zac mg onbgarc? NJB], >110. BGUAFFG, N. K.9 JZCCI\, O. O. ]glbcfc`an mc lcblrgtc. lcblrgtc. :. gm. Tcrtc Nfg`rg? Jcciknb, :4>:[, Y:4>:[, Maspcbëvgf Maspcbëvg f gk? 6http?/ 6http? // 

www.njgsl.cr`.jr/ nssgts/eafgs/knbunf-lml.pme2. www.njgsl.cr`.jr/  nssgts/eafgs/knbunf-lml.pme2. Nlgssc gk? 4> egv. :4>0. N\\CLANÀÌC JZN\AFGAZN MG LAKGB]C TCZ]FNBM. Jcfgtak ]álbalc? `uan jîsalc mg utafaznàìc mc lakgbtc Tcrtfnbm. \ìc Tnufc? NJLT, NJLT, :44:. Maspcbëvgf gk? 6http?//www.

 

Lcblrgtn`gk? kntgranas

njlp.cr`.jr/  lks/wp-lcbtgbt/upfcnms/:4>5/47/J]>45S:445/47/J]>45S:44 :4>0.

N\\CLANÀÌC JZN\AFGAZN MG LAKGB]C TCZ]FNBM. @gstìc mg gstruturns rnlacbnfaznmns mg lcblrgtc. \ìc Tnufc? NJLT, Y:4>7[. Maspcbëvgf gk? 6http?//www.lckubamnmgmn 6http?//www.lckubamnmgmn-lcbstrulnc.lck.jr/ upfcn upfcnm/ntavcs/>57/nbgxc/lcblrgtc> m/ntavcs/>57/nbgxc/lcblrgtc>.pme .pme2. 2. Nlgssc 4: egv. :4> :4>0 0. LAKGB]C.CZ@ CBFABG LAKGB]C.CZ@  CBFABG.. C gegatc mn qunfamnmg mn î`un bc lcblrgtc. Jrnsëfan? lcblrgtc. Jrnsëfan? Lakgbtc Lakgbtc..

cr`, :4>4. Maspcbëvgf gk? 6http?//lakgbtc.cr`/gegatc-mn-qunfamnmg-mn6http?//lakgbtc.cr`/gegatc-mn-qunfamnmg-mn-  n`un-bc-lcblrgtc/2. -lcbl rgtc/2. Nlgssc gk? 4> egv. :4>0 :4>0. prclgssc mg mcsn`gk mc lcblrgtc? lcblrgtc? “ ukn egrrnLWBHN, N. KNZ]AB\. Nutckntaznàìc mc prclgssc kgbtn mg gbsabc. :448. gbsabc. :448. ]rnjnfhc mg Lcblfusìc mg Lursc (@rnmunàìc gk Gb`gbhnran Lavaf) “ Wbavgrsamnmg Lnkafc Lnstgfc Jrnblc, Egrbnbmüpcfas,/\T :448.

GB@GBHNZAN LAUAF JFC@. Lcblrgtc? Ab`rgmagbtgs g rgfnàìc î`un lakgbtc. Gb`gbhnran Lavaf Jfc`, >5 ouf. :4>:. Maspcbëvgf gk? 6https?//gb`lav.wcrmprgss.lck/:4>:/40/>5/  6https?//gb`lav.wcrmprgss.lck/:4>:/40/>5/    lcblrgtc-ab`rgmagbtgs-g-rgfnlnc-n`un-lakgbtc/2. Nlgssc gk? 4: egv. :4>0.

AB\]A]W]C JZN\AFGAZC MG AKTGZKGNJAFA_NÀÌC. Knbunf mg nmatavcs pnrn lcblrgtc mcsnmc gk lgbtrnf   \ìc Tnufc? AJA, Y:4>=[. Maspcbëvgf gk? 6http?//www.lnsnmn`un 6http?//www.lnsnmn`un.. lck/wp-lcbtgbt/upfcnms/:4>=/4:/ lck/wp-lcbtgbt/upfcnms/:4> =/4:/ KNBWNF KNBWNF-MG-NMA]AUC\-TNZN-LCBLZG]C.pme2. -MG-NMA]AUC\-TNZN-LCBLZG]C.pme2. .

Nlgssc gk? 4: egv. :4>0.

TW@FAG\G, B. Lakgbtc? maegrgbtgs tapcs g npfalnà÷gs. \ìc Tnufc? NGL Pgj, Y:4>5[. Maspcbëvgf gk? 6http?//www.nglwgj.lck.jr/lcbt/k/rgv/  6http?//www.nglwgj.lck.jr/lcbt/k/rgv/  lakgbtc-maegrgb lakgbtc-maegrgbtgs-tapcs-gtgs-tapcs-g-npfalnlcgsS>>171S4S>2. Nlgssc gk? onb. :4>0.

1>

ZGMG NTF KABGZNF. N`rg`nmcs KABGZNF. N`rg`nmcs kabgrna kabgrnass pnrn n lcbstruàìc lcbstruàìc lavaf? lavaf? nrgan, jratn g lnslnfhc.

Y\.f.? Tcrkab, :4>4[. Maspcbëvgf gk? 6http?// 6http?//www.rgmgnpfkabgrnf.cr www.rgmgnpfkabgrnf.cr`.jr/  `.jr/  pcrkab/    pcrkab/  bctalans/ka bctalan s/kabgrnas bgrnas-g-rclhns-mgslralnc-np -g-rclhns-mgslralnc-npfalnlnc-g-clcrrgblans falnlnc-g-clcrrgblans/n`r /n`rg`nmcsSkabgg`nmcsSkabgrnasSprcpagmnmgsS npfalnjafamnmgSclcrrgblans.pme2. Nlgssc gk? 4> egv. :4>0.

 

Gblgrrn nqua c trglhc mc favrc maspcbajafaznmc pnrn

gstn Wbamnmg mg Nprgbmazn`gk. Bn Jajfactgln Uartunf mn Abstatuaàìc, vclï gblcbtrn n cjrn bn ëbtg`rn.