Constitutional Law - Case Briefs

January 26, 2018 | Author: Daenen Merrill | Category: Second Amendment To The United States Constitution, Right To Keep And Bear Arms In The United States, United States Constitution, Supreme Court Of The United States, Mandamus

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Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc. Citation. &4! @..&A Brief Fact Summary. ,, ( ( =0" E Held. 3(( 0,," F0 " ( 0 ,, ( 0(( - " " > " ( , =0" F=0" G G > ,, ( Discussion. @A0 0 (, = 0 ( - >0 ,=0" - ," , (

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Allen v. Wright Citation. 46+!)#)@.+4A Brief Fact Summary. ,%( 0 0 @GGA- 00 ,, ,'< ' "( " ( , ? ( Synopsis of Rule of Law. 0 > (,, 0 " ( , (, , Facts. ,%( - 00 0'< ' "( " ( - "0 - ,0 0, , 0 0 - 0 ( '( , , 0 0, ( Issue. ë " 0 ( ,, > " , 0E Held. 3 " F 0 , 0- ë 8?@8?A G 0 0 " G ,, 0= ' 0 ,0" - GIJ%( 0 0,' ' "( " À G " - ,,0 " ( F 0 ( "- ( ? 0 0 '( - ? , ," " 0'< ' "( ( > " 0 ( " Dissent. @ A- 0-( " 0'< ' "( ," ( -"% " '( ( - 0 " "( >0 "0 " ( "( Discussion. / ? 0" - ( "( , "( F > - 0 ,(0 00 ( "0-, 0: 0 , > " = 0 0 " ,"((0

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^nited States v. Richardson Citation. 4+!66@.)4A Brief Fact Summary. - ,, " '( " 0 , ' '0 ( 0 , '( 0 '( 0 '( 0 F > " " 0( " 0 0 ( ,( ( ,, 0 ( 0 ( 0 -H+, Dissent. À @A0 > " "= ( % " Discussion. ( " %( , 0 " Discussion. 0( - ( " , ! @( " A 0 ( 3 - ( " " ( , ( , =

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Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner Citation. #+)!#6@.6)A Brief Fact Summary. -$ @ A- 0 =0" .6 " " -ë0- " @ A > ( (0", ( G " G, 0 ( " , 0 Synopsis of Rule of Law. ë =0" ((( ,,= - ( ( , Facts. " > (" ", ( G " G @ , --/ , A ( , 0 , (( " 0, 0( " , 0 00(,#)0", @ ( 0" .1L, ? ( (0 (( A0 - 00 "" ' >0 , " " " ( " 0 0 Issue. (( 0( ,= E Held. ; " F ( " , ! @( " A, 0 ((( " - ( 0 ( 0 - "" (( >0 " " " E F ( " , ( ( ( (0 = "( ( 0 "," 00 ( , (0 " -0 ( , , "% 0 " "" (( , 0 Discussion. 0 0 ,$ (( ( 3 , > @ "" EA ,,=

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Friends of the Earth, Incorporated v. Laidlaw Environmental Services Citation. 16.#@ 111A Brief Fact Summary. ë , " G ,"( ,= G 7%" 0 " ( ( % 0 , , > " À "( - - , " (,, ,", ( ((( ,= " Discussion. , ( % > " ( G ,"( ,= -G " , " " "3- > , , , ( " " ( " -, " (,,( % - G,"( ,= -G, ,, ((( - 0 , (,,? (

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Baker v. Carr Citation. #6.!+6@.6 A Brief Fact Summary. (( 0 - 00"((" , 0 > , " " Synopsis of Rule of Law. ((" " " " 0 - 0 0 ( ,"(> " Facts. ((" , 0 2 , 5-H4, ! @ A- ! 0 (,",0 " ( " , ! @( " A 0 0 ( (> - -(( 0 ((" , 0 > , " " Issue. ( 0"((" " 0= ( E Held. ; " F ( -((" 0 0 0 2 ,5-H4, " = ( , 0 " (,( F7% - " (( 0 >( , 0 ( 0 ( " >( 0 ( ," ( > Dissent. 0 - '%, @%, A0 (> ( ," >( " ( " ,, ,((" = ( (- 0 ( " ( ( 0= 0 Discussion. 7% , , (0 ( " ? G ( -

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ieth v. Jubelier Citation. &4! 6)@ 114A Brief Fact Summary. ,"( 2 " 0 , ," " , ! , ( @ G GA 0 Synopsis of Rule of Law. 0(0 " , 0 " , 000" , Synopsis of Rule of Law. ' , "" " ( ( Facts. (( ,G , (( , G Facts. 0 : " "0 (" "" "0 ( - , 00"0 "( , -""""'""( - , , ( Issue. ë 0 "" E Held. ; 0" ,," F ( " , ! @( " A "" (-( - - '0 ,"" 7 ,- % G"" G F " - ,, "" 0 0 " 0 " "" ,, ( " Discussion. % ( ,3 ë 0 '"( , , "" , .#)

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Houston, East & West Railway Company v. ^nited States Citation. #4!#4 @.4A Brief Fact Summary. 0 " 0 0 "( ' - "0 ,, , (" ," (," "( ' Synopsis of Rule of Law. 0 " ,, "" - , "" ( , "" " " Facts. (-$ = , ' ' 00 "" , (" ,0 ' 00, (" ," ë "" "" 0 - 00 ,, 0 "( "" Issue. À , 0 " 0 00 "" " 00 "" E Held. ; ,(( 0,," F ( " , ! @( " A0 ,,- 0 " 0 "" 00 F ( " 0 0 " 0 "" , "" Discussion. 0 " " 0 - .+! #+@.#6A$ - .&!4.&@.#&A- 0 (:, "" 0 (

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A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corporation v. ^nited States Citation. .&!4.&@.#&A Brief Fact Summary. ë , -$ (@ë , A- 0 3 ;% - G$ -G 0 ( >0 00-41% %-"""0 - "0 ( Synopsis of Rule of Law. "" , "" ( Facts. 3 ;% 0 ( "% ! 3 < '( , ( 3 ;%" ," ( 0 ( À , , " 3 3 ;% ë , ? - 0 ( -0( ," 3 ;% ( 7% ( 3 ;% ë , ( Issue. ë "" 0 0 ( 0 ë , ? E Held. 30" " ! ( " @( " A ( (( - ë , ( ( ( , "(- ( "" , - "" 0 0 ( 0 ( Discussion. ( " "% 0 ,.6L, ( "03 ;% ,", , ë , (0 - " "( "" = ( , .#)

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Hammer v. Dagenhart Citation. 4)! &@.+A Brief Fact Summary. , 0 ,, " - %0 = , " ,,0 ( (" ,0 ( Synopsis of Rule of Law. 0 ?( "" " ( ( , " " , ! @ A Facts. 0 ( ( (,", 0 ( , - ( 0 4 % 0 ,46%," ( , % , , "( -" - ( " , ! @( " A 0 0 "" Discussion. *: À0 " ,À ( 0 0 ,, ( " 0- ( " 0 ? ' ," ""

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National League of Cities v. ^sery Citation. 4 6!+##@.)6A Brief Fact Summary. (( -3$ 0 , @(( A-0 00 , .)4" " $ @ A- ( , > " 0 " ( "( """0 " Synopsis of Rule of Law. " " , ! @ A ( ? 0 " 0 ?( "( Facts. .)4-0 " -"0 0 -(( ? ( ( "( (( 0 > " , " " 0 ,( 0 0 " ' 0 " > 0 " ( ( (( 0 0 (( , " 0 Issue. À 0 0 "( " ( , 0 " E Held. 3 " /" > @ > A > ( 0 ( , "( 0 ?

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Garcia v. San Antonio Àetropolitan Transit Authority Citation. 46.!& +@.+&A Brief Fact Summary. (( -2@(( A-0 0 "( À ( @(( A-00 , G @ > A 0 , 0 " 0 "" ( @A , "" O@ A " , "" @( ( 0 "" A@#A 0 "" F 0 , 0 - " G ,, G "" 0 ?( "" ' 0 , ( 00 : ,, "" Dissent. @ A0 "( , "" "0 , 0 = , , "" ( " F ë @ A0 "( @A, ,"0 "" - => " ( ( @ A ? "" = ( 00, Concurrence. * @* A - % 0 "( ,"" = ( "

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^nited States v. Àorrison Citation. 1)41@ 111A Brief Fact Summary. ( -À @ ( A- (, 5 0 /" ,..4@A-( : " , " 0 3 ( 0 , ( ,0 ?( 0 "" Synopsis of Rule of Law. " " 00 0 0"" Facts. 7:% 50 ,,..4 , 0- 0 ( ' ,( -0 ( , 7:% ,, " (( " 0 0 ( (( , , 0 0 " -0 ( ë Issue. H#.+, ' ,0 ?"" ( E Held. 3(( 0,," F(( 0 H414@A( " Issue. ë ( ,H414, ' ( 0,"0 E

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Pierce County Washington v. Guillen Citation. #) 1 Brief Fact Summary. $ 0 " ,"0 ," 0 " " 0 " , Synopsis of Rule of Law. GI7J 0H41. ..&" " 0 " "( 0 , ,"" 0( , " , "" G Facts. :"0"@ G0"GA 0"0 0 " ,0"( " 0 ( , 0 ,,0 0"- 0 " " G % 0 , ( G & @A@A( 0 " " G " " 0 0 ,( , : - - " -0 "% ( "% - " 0 " - -( - 0( , , - - " - "( " ,(= , "( " G!( ( 0 - = H& , ( , , "( " " 0 - 0 -, ,"( , 0 " ( ,, ( - ë (" , (@ Gë (" GA "" 0 ( 0,, , ,"0 > ("0 #!H41.-( ( (- ," ," , G " , (( ,"0 0," G F8 &-..6- ( -02 ? @ G ( GA, - % - / 0@ G GA(( ,- H& ,0"% "( " , 6-..6 ( ? 0 ,"( - , ( " -0 #!H41. Issue. ë G #!H41.-( ,"?"( ? , 0 , (0" ," 0 " , -IJ ' ,0 ? GE

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New York v. ^nited States Citation. &1&!-44@.. A Brief Fact Summary. $ % , ( ( Synopsis of Rule of Law. 0 " G"" IJ 0 ( , G "( Facts. $ 0 ( " ,, 0 " ,( 0 - ( > % , " , ( ,( ( Issue. À 0 "( '( 0 , ,0 , 0 " E Held. 3(( 0,," F ( - ! @ ( A-0 0 % ( , " - % ( ' , 0 ( F 0 , 0 " , , 0 " F >0 0 " % ( , > >0 ( , " -, >0 ' ,, ( Dissent. 7 / @/ A- 0-0 0 ' , ( " ," ," "( "= 0 ? ( > F @ A0 "(( G0 ( ? "( "" 0 " , 0 0 ?G Discussion. , 0, = ( , > -3 ;% ! , (( ,0 "" ? - ( ,

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Printz v. ^nited States Citation. & !+.+@..)A Brief Fact Summary. 5 , , " ,, @G$8 GA0 - 00 "( , 7 05 @ A > ' ,, (( , 0 (0" Synopsis of Rule of Law. G 2 " " "( " , 0 (0"G Facts. , " ,%0 % ",0 ( 3 " #1-..+ "- > , " %0 % , 0, "( " -: ,,@ A- 0 > " ( , 2 " Issue. À 0 > , " 0 " %0 % > E Held. 3(( 0 " F "( , , - >0 ' ,, " , 0 F ( , (,( - " 0 0,", (0"7 , - , ! 0 , , ! 7 (0 , " , "( , ,, -0 (( , ' , , , 0 Dissent. @ A ( ( " " ? ( Concurrence. " @" A -0 , 0 0 % > "( " " - % (, "" ( Discussion. : ' " " (,"( 0 " , (0" ," 0 3 ;% ! -&1&!44@.. A ' 0 3 ;% ,0 >0 0 ( , % - : , 0 " >0, '

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Reno v. Condon Citation. 1666@ 111A Brief Fact Summary. 0 0 ! 2 - 00 ë ? ,..4@GëGA " " ? " 2 " ? ( 0 Synopsis of Rule of Law. " " ( 2 " ," 00 , % , , (0" Facts. ë ( , ,( ," " ( (( 0 ( - ? 2 @ ( A-0 >0 , 0 -0 (( " , " " Issue. À 0 > "( ëE Held. ; (( 0 " ë > 0 : 3 > 0 , " ,, 00( : ë 0 " - "" 0 " , " " Discussion. " " " , ( ' "( 2 " "( 0 ' (, 0, : (," 0, (0" - ( " , ! ( @A ( " ,, @0 " ( ,, A@A 0 , @0 " ( > '( ,0, ( A

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^nited States v. Butler Citation. .)!@.#6A Brief Fact Summary. 7 - ( @ ( A- % =0" 0 = " ,.##@ A ( Synopsis of Rule of Law. 0 " '((, 0 , -0 " ' " ' ( Facts. : 0," (, ( "( ,' ( ( ' , " ( 0 ' 0,((- Issue. À 0 '(( ' ,( " E Held. 3(( 0 " F '0 ( 0( 0 (-7 " " " 0 - 0 >

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Sabri v. ^nited States Citation. &4!611@ 114A Brief Fact Summary. ( ,, :0 ( " , " 0 (,, Synopsis of Rule of Law. ":0 G > (,, , " " , ,, G Facts. -7 "8"@ G GA- ( À ( % > (( :0 - ,, ( " - 11 )- 11 ,À ( ",, , 11 0 G+!H 666@A@ A-"( , "( ?( 0 -,, -0 0 0, ( - , 0 ,0: , -0 " - 0 ,- - - , , 0:-0 " -0 0 0, ,N&-111" ?G" , G 0:- 0 " -0 I J- ( - , ' ,N1-111 (0" 00-- --0 - - ,", G ,H666 - 0 G 0, , '( > " ( " 0 , ( 0 - 3 ( 0 = , 0 ( 0( G Issue. GI/J +!H666@A@ A-( 0 , --,, , N1-111, , - ' ,0 , GE Held. ; "= , >% ( , G " > (,, , " " , ,, G - "= G0 ( 0 ((( , " (" 0 , --H+-- (0 3 ( --H+-+- '( ((( ( , ( , 0 , -, 0,(= " , ( ,,((,, "0 , G F-G0 ( %,( "( G G %%%,, ( 0 ,0 " H666@A %"" ," ( , , ( " - ( 0 *Ac !

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South Dakota v. Dole Citation. 4+#! 1#@.+)A Brief Fact Summary. (( 0 , 0, "( 0 , 0 , 0(( ( , Synopsis of Rule of Law. 3 - ë (" , ( (('" &L, , 0 , "% , Issue. À 0 , ," " %00 E Held. ; (( 0,," 0, "",, " (( ' ,'0 ( 0( Dissent. /"7 ë 8? 0, " > , " " Issue. ë H&, " " 0 0 = " 0 " " E Held. ; (( 0,," F ( " , ! @( " A 0 " H&, " " , ( ( (, F -(0 , " ( , ( 0 00 , Dissent. À @A " 0 ( " , ! @( " A ( -0 0 " ( - 0 (( 00 0 Discussion. "= (( ? ,0 H&, " " '/ H&, " " ,0 0 E

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City of Boerne v. Flores Citation. & !&1)@..)A Brief Fact Summary. (, 0 ,7 0 " @GGA ( 0 ' ,0 ( H&, " " , ! @ A Synopsis of Rule of Law. 0 H&, " " , " " ( -" , 0 - 0 Facts. , ( " , ! @( " A ( , ' , "( " ë -ë (" ," , 8 0 "-4.4!+) @..1A-0 ( - %0 ( , ( "( , - ( 0 " ,"G 0G ' , 0- , ," ,0 (( - 0 " " @A"( 00 " @ A " , 0 Issue. 0 0 H&, " " , E Held. 3 " F 0 H&, ? ( " , 0 " 0 F ( " % 0 " " ( 0 - " 0 " (( " ( = Dissent. ë 8?@8?Aë @ 0A (-0 (( " - "= ( ( Discussion. 7 '( ,0 H&, " " , ( " 0 G , G ( 0 0 ,, 0 - " " ( " 0 " 0

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Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer Citation. 4 )!44&@.)6A Brief Fact Summary. .) -0 " 5, 0 ,.64@ A-:0( ," "0 0 -0 H&, " " @H&, " " A, ! @ A Synopsis of Rule of Law. 0 " : ( 0 H&, " " "( " ' Facts. .) -0 " :0( ," "0 -0 H&, " " (( 0 " " , 0, 0"" ( 0 ,":0 Issue. 0 0 0"" ' 0 H&, " " E Held. ; ,," ( " , ! @( " A H&, " " 0 ' ,0 0 7 , H&0, - ( " 0 0 0"" - Discussion. :(% 7: , > ? '(0 , " "

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Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida Citation. &)!44@..6A Brief Fact Summary. 0 2"0 0 - : 0 0 " , 0, 0 "(0 0"0 Synopsis of Rule of Law. "" 0 0 0"" Facts. ,- %0 , 0, 0 > 2" 0 ( 0 0 -0 "% (( , 00 0"" Issue. À 0 0 "" --H+-#E Held. 30,," F0 " 2"0 0 0 ? 0"" -% ( F &, " " 0 : ( 0 Dissent. F " " ( 0 : , F ë 0 "= 0 0"" = - ( ,, Discussion. " " = ( , ', " " - ( , = , 0"" - 0 00 0 ,

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Alden v. Àaine Citation. & )!)16@...A Brief Fact Summary. -0(,(,, @ A-0 À - 00 "( - ,À @ ( A " ( , , $ @G$GA Synopsis of Rule of Law. 0"" ( ? - 0 " " , =0" , " - I J I" ,H1+J0 > "0, , - > ( ( G 3D" " G, < G"% G " ((( G ë ,",H1.@A@A"(( 0 0 ( " , -H, ! @ G GA , ( , ? ( , ( G 0 (( G0 0 ? ' , , G( ( 0 (0 ,H 1.@A@A- , 0 " 3D 0 G ,(( ,," Issue. GI/J H1.@A@A, @A 0 0 ( " , " 0 @AEG Held. 30 @GGA-0, ( " , ! @G( " GA -GIJ ,(( IH1.@A@AJ ( " ( ? 0 (( ?0 ? ' , 03D?I J-? -?%I J " ,0 , 0 " "?IJ , ? ( @ ,A 0 G/ :0 0 0 - " " 0 0 ( 0 , -H, ! @ G GA ( " 0: 0 0 %0G 0 G ,0 ( 0 ( " 0 -0 ( " 0 ' " ( ! F , "% " , - , ( 7" "% ( ( ( , ," ' ,0 " ( , ! @ A ' ' ((" , ' ,, E Held. 3 ' (( ' ,, = " 0 ' ,, ,, = - : - , ,, (( ,, 8 , - ((" , ( " ((" -0 0 0 "0 ( ((, ,, Dissent. @A , " 0 ( ' , , G ( ,( ' ,- ,, 0 ,( G Discussion. ((" --H - , - ' ,, @A(( @ A, ,, (( (( ,, , - ((" ,, ,, , (" ( " ,

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Lorillard Tobacco Co. v. Reilly Citation. &##!& &@ 11A Brief Fact Summary. À ( 0 Synopsis of Rule of Law. I @@ @ @

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Florida Lime & Avocado Growers, Inc v. Paul, Director, Department of Agriculture of California Citation. #)#!# @.6#A Brief Fact Summary. , ,, ," $" " , ,( "," "% Synopsis of Rule of Law. / , ' ,, - 0 ' - ( " , ! @( " A ( "( Facts. ). ,,? 0 -00 " , -( ( ,, G +L, - 0 '0 % G - "% 0 (( ,0 00 " , 0 - 0, , -,"% 0" , ,? > " ,+L (( - $" 9 2 @(( A- 0 , ( " , ! @ A Issue. / ,, , - (( E Held. " < ' Discussion. %0 ,G"( , 0 ( "( , 00 "" G ( - " " , 0- ( " ,

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H.P. Hood & Sons, Inc v. Du Àond, Commissioner of Agriculture and Àarkets of New York Citation. ##6!& .@.#.A Brief Fact Summary. ë , -ëÀ "" ,0 À% , 3 ;%@ë , A ,,-9 -@,,A-7 "% - "%, ,, 0 """ Synopsis of Rule of Law. " '(,( ( " Facts. ,, 7 ,"% "%," 3 ;%( ,, ,(3 ;%- ë , ,, , ( 0 , "( "% > À - ë , , ,("% (( ," ' 0( 0 ( ( "% , > (( ,"% ,, 0 0 ë""" Issue. À , (> ("% "" 0 " ( " E Held. 3-3 ;%? "0 ( """ - (( ,, ,0 " , "" " Discussion. ( " , ! @( " A " '(,( ( " " (" " 0 " 0, "" ( " 7 2 0 G8 " , "" - ," , ( 0 ( ,, "% -" "0 '( - " 0 - ' " , , O , 0 G

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Aaron B. Cooley v. Board of Wardens of the Port of Philadelphia Citation. &#!@ A ..@+&A Brief Fact Summary. > ( ( 0 "0 , (-( , Synopsis of Rule of Law. 0 ( 0 "" ' , ( 0 "" Facts. +1#- >0 ( 0 , (@ A (0 "0 ( , , ( ,,- 7,/ , , (@,,A ë , -7 @ë , A- 0 ? - 0 "" ? ( 0 0 "" 0 " ' = "" ë , 0 , ( ,( ( , ,, )+.,0 @ A- 0 ( - -( 0 0 Issue. 0 ( 0 "" ' , ( 0 "" E Held. 3- ( " , ! @( " A G ' G,= , 0,"" ( " ( 0 ,"" - > ," 0 0 ( 0 - 0 0: ( ,, "" ( " 0,( > ," -0 0 ( 0, "" ( 0 ( ," ' 0 ( "" - 0 ' "" ( ? ' , " ( ,, ( " " , , "( (" (" Discussion. ( " , ((( 8 " " 0 , ' , 0

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Hunt, Governor of the State of North Carolina v. Washington State Apple Advertising Commission Citation. 4# !### Brief Fact Summary. 3 0 ,,- / 0 (( 0"" @,,A- 0 " "(- "" , ! @ A Synopsis of Rule of Law. , "" , " ,, "" Facts. ë , -3@ë , A- >0 (( G0 (( !0 -G ! ë (" ,0 @!ëA ,/ 0@0 (( (0 ( "( , À ,, , , "( " , À 0 À - ( , (À ,, ( " E Held. ; - " 0 ( ( - "" ë , ? ( < "% ( ,", "( ( " , ! @( " A ( " 0 "" ( " ë , ( ( " , " ' ," "%( ë , ? À - 0 % ! , ( Discussion. ( ,, , ' "%( : GI8J - 0 -" ( ,( , " G

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Àaine v. Taylor and ^nited States Citation. 4))!#@.+6A Brief Fact Summary. ë , - @ë , A- , ,"0 - 0 À ? (0 "(, , 0 "" , ! @ A Synopsis of Rule of Law. ,," " 0 "" ( 0 "( ( 0,"0 ? " < 0 Facts. À - ( ? , ,"( ( 0:,, , " (% (( 0 " ,, $ % - ë , ? ,,0 , ,0 - (0 ,,-( ,"0"( -," (0 ( ," : , (%0( (%0 ë , , ,, N)11-111 = F ,,, = 0 ? "" Issue. " """ E Held. ; - ( " , ! @( " A ( , "0 " """ / " ,, 0" ,, "" - ( "( "" ' ( , / 0" " " 0 "( Discussion. (( , > ( (, 0 - 0" - ? :( "( 0( 0 N 11-111(%0(

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Bibb, Director, Department of Public Safety of Illinois v. Navajo Freight Lines, Inc. Citation. #&.!& 1@.&.A Brief Fact Summary. ,,-3 = 0$ -@,,A-%0"( - 0 , ?"0 0 , "" Synopsis of Rule of Law. "0 ? " 0 ,

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Raymond Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corporation of Delaware Citation. 4&&!# . Brief Fact Summary. ,,- 0 (,ë @,,A 6& A , ( " , ! @( " A (( 0 , ( " , ,0? +1- 3 6& ,, 0 " % , ( "" , ,(( ,," Issue. ë "" , ! @ A - 0 ( % E Held. 3- "0( % "" , "( """ - "00 "" ( " , ! @( " A " (( :,,c

Western & Southern Life Insurance Co. v. State Board of Equalization of California Citation. 4&!64+@.+A Brief Fact Summary. ,,- / 9 $, "( @,,A- 0 ,"( ', ,,0 ! ? @ A"" Synopsis of Rule of Law. 0 -( -" 0 ( ,, "" Facts. ,-( ("0 0 - "( 0 ' " " , -G -

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Hudgens v. National Labor Relations Board Citation. 4 4!&1)@.)6A Brief Fact Summary. %0" " (% ,, ((0" 0 "0 , " (% , ( 0, Synopsis of Rule of Law. ( ((0" , > ,- , - = > " , " " , ! @ A Facts. 7 % % (% 8 , 3ë *((0 - -0 @ A, (% "0,, - 0 "0 , ((0 % , Issue. ( ((0"((% 0, " " , (E Held. ; 7 ((0" , > ,-" " " 0 , ( Discussion. "= 0,$05 0,$ "" %% , "- , , - ( < ( " "

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Norwood v. Harrison Citation. 4#!4&&@.)#A Brief Fact Summary. (( -ë 3 @(( A- ( , , 00 ,À ((? '% 0(0" " (0" 0 " ( 0 '% ( - 0 0 Synopsis of Rule of Law. > , ! @ A ( ,( - 0 0 0 " Facts. " ,( À (( " 0 0 F ,À (( ## 0, : "" @!A,( ( ( ,((( ( ( " F !" ( , , 0" , ( , F.)& ! ( , , ( 0 , ( , ,," 0 0 Issue. ë 0" "" , À ( , ë 0 E Held. 3 ( " =0" " ( ( , ( = 0 , "% ( , , ( , ? 0 = ( " 0 Dissent. "= "(, ( " " :0 , ( " , ( - = 0 " , " 0 G" =0" G ( 0 0 - 0" ( , , Discussion. "= ( , '" , "0 ( ,

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Reitman v. Àulkey Citation. #+)!#6.@.6)A Brief Fact Summary. ,,( ( 4( 0 0 " ," , 0 ,( " (( , (( ( -ÀÀ À% @ ( A- - " @ A- && , , , , 0 "(" Synopsis of Rule of Law. ' (( , 0 0 " Facts. ( (" = -( , " ( "( (" -HH& & , , ( ( , > , >"" - 0 -, -( 0 - " , % ( - ( 0= ,"0 0 F( 4 ( , , ( , "(0 ( 4 , , 0 , ( ( ? " 0 0 0(( F ,( 4 , ( ( 0 , " ( (( F " , "" =0" 0 ( 4 HH&& , , 0 ? "" =0" " ,( " ( 4 >( , 0 " " , ! @ A Issue. ë( 4 " 0"% E Held. ; ( " , ! @( " A,," 0, ,( " F ( ( " 0 0 " "" ," 0 - , - ½*0c

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^nited States Railroad Retirement Board v. Fritz Citation. 44.!66@.+1A Brief Fact Summary. " ,, "( 0 ( ,, 0 , , 7-.)4-0 " " %( .+, ( , , - 0 "% (0", Synopsis of Rule of Law. 0 = , " 0 Facts. 0 " , % % , " ( ( -( -( ( ," "( ,( " % .)4-0 " " %(,( " " - " ,.)4 , % , " " , , ( " - " ", " , Issue. / ,,% 0 0

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Railway Express Agency, Inc v. New York Citation. ##6!16@.4.A Brief Fact Summary. (( - '( 0 @(( A- 0 ( , % (( -3 ;%@(( A- ( ,0 0 " , Synopsis of Rule of Law. (( "( , 0 , 0 Facts. (( ( -.11 % 3 ;% - (( , , % 0 (( ( ( , (0 0 ,

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New York City Transit Authority v. Beazer Citation. 441!&6+@.).A Brief Fact Summary. -3 ;% @ A- , "( " ( -7 : @ ( A-0 ,, " "0%, ( ( > , ! @ A Synopsis of Rule of Law. > , , " ,( 0((,, Facts. ( (( ,= 0 , 0" " ,, , - 0, - ' 0 &L Issue. ë ? 0( > , 0 "( " " E Held. 3 ( , ? 0 = , , ,, Dissent. "(( , " " 0 " 0 " ( "( - 0 " Discussion. "= = " , ! @ AE Held. ; , "( ( ( ( , , "( "( (( Dissent. 0 ( ,, 0( (0 , "0 > "% 0 Discussion. "= 0: , " " " 0 (( "" 0 " ( 0 (( "( ((0( 0 , ' ( , (

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City of Cleburne, Texas v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc. Citation. 4)#!4# @.+&A Brief Fact Summary. - , @ A- ( ( " ( - $ 0 @ ( A-, " ,0(" , " "" ,(( , , " 0( G> < ( G > , ! @ A Synopsis of Rule of Law. $ 0 0 " " 0" 0 " (( Facts. ( 0(( ,"( , 00( " , " '( #( ,4 " > ( (( , ( ( " (( Issue. " (,G> < ( G = 0 > E F ( ( " > " E Held. 3 0( ( ,, ,"( = ( F3 , >0 (0(" ( " "0 " > ( " > " Discussion. " >, ( > < ( % , , " ( ( 0( ,"%

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Dred Scott v. Sandford Citation. 61!#.#@+&6A Brief Fact Summary. -ë @ A- % , / "( 0 , : , , , " Synopsis of Rule of Law. À "(" (( : Facts. À % / - "( ' , - ( ,@ ( A-, , ,: ( Issue. : , ! , , "E Held. 3 0," , ! @ A G" G " , "( (( 0 Discussion. ( " , ! @( " A "( 0: ( ( 0 "

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Korematsu v. ^nited States Citation. # #! 4@.44A Brief Fact Summary. -* " @ A-( , ! @ AE Held. ; 0 , "" , > , = ,( " , ,/ ( " "( " Discussion. ( " , ! @( " A = > (( %, " (( , ( 0 , ( ( "0 ,

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Brown v. Board of Education Citation. #4)!4+#@.&4A Brief Fact Summary. -7@ A- ( ,%- 0 ,"4,, ( " ( 0 0 0 G ( >G Synopsis of Rule of Law. " > Facts. * --ë 50 ( 0 0 , 0 % > " > Issue. ë 0 0, ( ( , " 0( > (( E Held. ; 0 0 , " >- (, 0 , 0,, ,, (( ,G ( >G ( ( ( > Discussion. ( " , ! @( " A = 0, (, ,, ( " , 0 ( , 0: , - ? 0 0 >

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Board of Education of Oklahoma City Public Schools v. Dowell Citation. 4.+! #)@..A Brief Fact Summary. -7,,8%" @ A- 0 , ë ( Facts. (( (('" &1L%- - L, ? " ( ,".)+.+# ( - ( 0 (( - > #1L, ",(" À 7 ( @ M &L" " " A- (" ,À 7 ( (( - , $G0 (- $? ( , " Issue. F/ , $ , " ,E F/ $? ( , "( 0 E Held. F; $ "( 0 0 G0 , $? (( " G ë 8?@G8?GA-0, "= - 0 0 ,,"0I !! J- , (( "( 0 -= , 0 , " 8? , ((( , ,0c2

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Gratz v. Bollinger Citation. &#.! 44- # 4-&6$ &)@ 11#A Brief Fact Summary. " 0 (( , " - = ,"- ! ,À0? @ G! GA 0 , $ - - @G$GA 0 00$? " ( 0 " " , ! @ G GA Synopsis of Rule of Law. ( "( " -G" 1 ( - , 8 ( 0 " ! 0 ( " , "0 0 ," - , 0 ,(( , @G > GA0, "= G ! ? ( -" 1( - I7%% J ( Concurrence.

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Easley v. Cromartie Citation. &# ! #4@ 11A Brief Fact Summary. , 0 ? 0( Synopsis of Rule of Law. G "= A , 0 ( ,,- ( %0 0 " 0 0" (= "( 0(( ( " 0 0 0, 0 G Facts. 3 0 ( ",

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^nited States v. irginia Citation. &+!&&@..6A Brief Fact Summary. 50À @5ÀA 0 < ' 0 ,50 - ! @ A-" ( -50? @ ( A- ' ," ,"5À > ( 0 , " " , ! @ A Synopsis of Rule of Law. " ( 0 ,"((0 > " ,0 Facts. 5À 0,( 00 -" 0 '( 0 ,0+#.-5À ' " , 0 0 ,(( - ( "( ( " ? (0" - >, , , ( ," , 5À? Issue. Fë ", '0" , ,"5À

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Geduldig v. Aiello Citation. 4)!4+4@.)4A Brief Fact Summary. ,( "( , "( ,( "( % "( ( "( ,"%0 -" ( 0 ' ," 0 , '( (0" Synopsis of Rule of Law. ! 0 ((( > - 0 G (( G Facts. ,( " (( " % "( - ( ,( " , % "( , (, ,, ' "0 ( , ( 0 0 00 " 0 < , Issue. ë ' , ( 0 E Held. 3(( 0,," F , " ' " - ",, " " ' ,, " F 0 0 (0" ' , ," " - , ' " ,,0, Dissent. /"7 @7 A0 0( " ( 0 - " 0 " Discussion. "= 0 0 ( " , 0 - , , , 0 '

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Orr v. Orr Citation. 441! 6+@.).A Brief Fact Summary. $ , ," > " " ( " -" > ( " Synopsis of Rule of Law. /"( " - " , , ' Facts. ,( , " , ,( 0 ( 0 " " , ( 0 " >( Issue. À " ( " " " 'E Held. 3 F ( - ,"0 ' (' , ,, , ,( '" " " - ((", " F7 0 ( Synopsis of Rule of Law. " ( 0 ,"((0 > " ,0 Facts. À!/ 0 < ' 0 " ,À (( ( >, ," ? 0(0"- " , 0" Issue. ë ( ,, " 0 > E Held. ; (( 0,," F(( 0 " - ë 8?@8?A ,À (( "( ,( 0 0 ' 0 (- " % (( À (( ( ,À!/ F8? 0 " 0 "(0 " = @0 , A - À!/ " 0 ," "- ( 0 0 < ' 0(0" Dissent. $ @ A0 ( ,, 0: = - " 0

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Nguyen v. Immigration and Naturalization Service Citation. &##!&#@ 11A Brief Fact Summary. 0 0: (, ! " ( Synopsis of Rule of Law. , , 0 ( > -G" ? I 0 J , G"(0 " = " " "( G G " , = ?G Facts. -30 @ G GA- ( " -.6. 5 " ( - (7 @ G( GA-! : - " 5 " : ' ( .. - ( 0 , ' - ( - ! ""03: @ G3GA- 0 (( 0 0 ""00 , ( ( 0 0 5 " : (( 7, ""0(( @ G7GA/ (( , 7 ( 0- ( > ,( 0 ," " 0 7 = ? " ! : - , "( +!H41.@A- , , " G , %: , : " G: (

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Foley v. Connelie Citation. 4#&! .@.)+A Brief Fact Summary. 3 ;% ( " , , " 0 - 00 > " " >( , Issue. À 0 , , 0 0 " " ? > E Held. ; (( 0 " F $ @ A0 > : ( "% 0 0, (( , ' 0 0 " , "( ( ( -4#&! .@.)+A F(- G (( , , 0 " - (( -: ? ( G, 0 - , - , : ( , Dissent. 7%"@7%"A0 3 ;% > (- % (( ," Discussion. 3% ' " 0 ,0 " , ! "= ? 03%- : ? " 0 0 0 " "( ( " , ! @( " A0 0 (( ,, 0" " "= : , ( - 0 ( - 0 (

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Plyler v. Doe Citation. 4&)! 1 @.+ A Brief Fact Summary. ' , 0""0 , ( $ 0 ( , 0 - 00 ' ? > , " " , ! @ A Synopsis of Rule of Law. " , ( , " ""0 Facts. ' 0," ( , ! : 0 Issue. À ' " ( 0 " " , E Held. 3(( 0,," F /"7 @7 A 00 , , 0 ", " ( " " , - , 7 0 ( 0 ( ? 0 0 , G"( ," ( ,= G F "= 0 " , ( , , 7 " ( @ ,A ," 0- ((( - (( "( G, 0 (-G "= 0 0 " , , 0 "= - 0 " Dissent. , / 70 @70 A G , "( % ' (( 0 ( ,( -G ( " , ! @( " A,(0 ( Issue. À À 0 , " "( " , ( ,, E Held. ; (( 0 F ( " , ! ? @( " A"= 0 0 " ( ( - ( " ( ,G(( , > " G , 0 - ( " (( , F % ( ,, " ( , ' 0 , ,( , 0 - 0 ( 1? #1? 0 À > ( ,,, 0 ,41- > " " , ( , 0 0 (' - - ( " , >( Dissent. 0À @À A -00 0% ," 0 (( , 0 , - "0 " ( " "( " Discussion. 0,À0 0 , = 2 "0" ( @,, ((0&1 ( '" - A- "00 "= %0 0 ( ,0 , @, '"( - ? 0-%00 - 00 - ( - A

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ùablocki v. Redhail Brief Fact Summary. ( - @ ( A- "0 , / >0 ("0 ,/ 0 - ( " , ! @( " A "( " 0,"0 ( , ( ë , " " , ! @ A Discussion. ( 0 0 " ,, "= (, / 0 < - ( " / ((0 ? , " , - , ( " ,: > 0 "0 ," 0 / (0 " 0( ,*cÀ 2 ëc

Àichael H. v. Gerald D. Citation. 4.!1@.+.A Brief Fact Summary. À "( 0 ë " 2 ë- , ,? ( " 0 ( , 0 - 2 ë " 0 Synopsis of Rule of Law. 0" ( 0 ( 0 ," ( 0 ' , ( 0 ,0, Facts. -À "( 0 ë " 02 ë ," -5ë- 2 ë , , 2 ," "" 0 ? - 5 ( ,, (0 -ë3 À .+L 5? 0, / ë2 ë ( -À ë 0 5ë ( ë2 ë ë " *À ,( 0 5ë,? ( ( " @A,, 0 ë À ?

Àoore v. City of East Cleveland, Ohio Citation. 4#!4.4@.))A Brief Fact Summary. -À :À À @ A- ,",, 0 , 0 , 0 0 Synopsis of Rule of Law. " "( 0 ,0 ( , , 0 ,% ( 0 Facts. ? 0 ( , 0 0 ," > - - 0: , 0 , G 0 ," G " , "( - , 0 - - 0 " , , , 0 ," 0 ( N &, ( & = Issue. À ,, 0 ," " " " , " ," ,E Held. 3(( 0 " F $ @ A "( 0 , 0 ( ( ( ? 0 Concurrence. F ë @ A0 , , 0 " F " @" A ,," 0 / 0 "( 0 ( Synopsis of Rule of Law. 0 ,, (0 ," 0- >0"( 0 , Facts. 8%" , G"G ( -G 0 " " , " ?"0, 0"( ? 8%" - , , , 8%" ","( " 8%"( G " = , : , ,,, , 0 , ," ë0 - ( ( 0 0 " Issue. À : 0 , 0 , , 0" ( E Held. 3( " ,8%"0 F /"ë0 @ë0 A :,,, 0 ,, " - 0 ,, (,, " Fë0 = , @ 0"( A " :: " @ 0"( A , "ë0 ? " ,, "( " " 8 " : " ,, - >(

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Griswold v. Connecticut Citation. #+!4).@.6&A Brief Fact Summary. (( -2 @(( A- ,( 0,"- -" " ( " ( ( Synopsis of Rule of Law. " " : ,( 0 " " Facts. ": , "" (- 0 0 , ( ' ë , $ 0 , , ( 0," " " ( ( Issue. À 0 " , ( E Held. 3(( 0 F /"ë0 @ë0 A G( " IJ," " ," ( ,0 , 7,0 G(- , G ( ", % 0 G " " , ! @ A 0 G( ( G 00 " , " " 7,0 Fë0 00 " ( , : ,( ( , ( - ", - " , " ( 0 ( ' , Dissent. 07%@7%A @ A " , ,, - ( , ( - " , 0 0 ( - = Concurrence. F À @À A0 ë 0 - " G ?"( (, ?Gc 1c 7 / @/ A ( 0 - 0 (( , , ( , 0 ' 0" ( 0 ( 0 ( F 2 0@2 0A 3" " , ! @ A0 " 0 ( ( - - 0 ( Discussion. (, 2 , 0 " - ,, 0 ( " ? ( " G G 0 ( ,,

Eisenstadt v. Baird Citation. 41&!4#+@.) A Brief Fact Summary. (( -7@(( A- , 0 (0(, ! 0 ( ," , Synopsis of Rule of Law. " " " " (0 , ( Facts. À ,( ( 0 ( 0 @A" ( ( ( ( 0 - ," 00 ( (O@ A 0 ( ( " ( ," ( ( 0 @#A " ( ," ( ( , Issue. À " " " ( (0" E Held. 3(( 0,," F /"7 @7 A G, 0( " 0-" 0, -" 0 - , ," 0 " " ," ,, 0( 0 G Dissent. , /"70 @7 0 A0 0 " " , ! @ A 00 " " ( "% Discussion. 0( 0 0: - 0 ( ' " - ,Ac / c

Roe v. Wade Citation. 41!#@.)#A Brief Fact Summary. - @ A- ( 0 0 ' (0 ,">0 Synopsis of Rule of Law. " ,, "? ( Facts. ( 0 ( 0 0 0 , ' , (0" (, ,"( ,"0 Issue. ' " 0 "? ( E Held. - ( 0 " 0 ( "? , % F /"7 @7 A( " 0 0 - ' ( ,"" 0 " ? , F , , " - ( 0" ( " "% 00 ",( 0 Fë0 " - " 0 " " Fë0 " - " (( - ' ( , , " % Dissent. /" > @ > A -0 00 @ > A "(( > ( " 0 F @A "(( - ( - Concurrence. 7%"@7%"A 0 ( ( ( ," Discussion. "= % 0" , , " ,

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Stenberg v. Carhart Citation. 1 &.)@ 111A Brief Fact Summary. ( -@ ( A- % ,=,0 , " , 3 %? 0 -"0 0 -"0 ," 4 , ( -" ( 0 @0 = ( (," A-" "" 0 " 0 , , ( Issue. ë ( , > " ( "(0E Held. ; (( 0 F ë 8?@8?A0 A0 "( " ( " 0 ( 0 , , Discussion. ( " % "-" Concurrence. @ A "= (- (

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Cruzan v. Director, Àissouri Dept. of Health Citation. 4.)! 6@..1A Brief Fact Summary. 3 :? @À :A( 0" " ,"

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Washington v. Glucksberg Citation. & !)1 @..)A Brief Fact Summary. ( -2% 0 ( " ( @ ( A % / 0(0 Synopsis of Rule of Law. ( ! @ A Facts. 0 " ( %0 " / 0 (0 Issue. 0( 0 E Held. 3(( 0 F , /" > @ > A ": " / " , ( % , , 0 F ( " , ! @( " A 0 " " - , (( - " , - 0 ,0 ( 0 ", -( 0 , " ( 2 ,/ 0 "( 0 ( 0 - " Concurrence. F ë 8?@8?A - > , " "( ( " %, %0 , , 0 F @ A 00 / 0 , - , ( " (( , "0 F 7 @7 A - ,", 0 G 0"" ? -G," " G 0 0 G Discussion. ( " ,( "0 ' O ( (0 - 0 ,XAc$ ' c

Lawrence v. Texas Citation. &.&!&&+- # 4) -&6$ &1+@ 11#A Brief Fact Summary. -2 $ @GÀ$ GA 2 @GÀ2 GA @ , G GA- ( ' , 000 ' Synopsis of Rule of Law. ":0 0 , " ', 000 " - , " " , ! @ G GA Facts. ( À$ ? " ( ( , ( / ( " - , - - 000 ' 0 0 ' H 16@A-( GIJ( "" ,, , 00 ' , " 'G , GIJ ' G , G@A (, 0 , ( " , ( OG@7A ( , 0 , ( = GH 1@A Issue. F "% 0,( , " ' 00 "

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Whalen v. Roe Citation. 4 .!&+.@.))A Brief Fact Summary. ,3 ;%" : "( , " ,( - ( (-0, 0 0 "% Synopsis of Rule of Law. 0 " " " ,( ,"," Facts. ,3 ;% 0( ," 00 ( 0 , 0 0"% ": : , ," Issue. À 0 " " ,( ," 0: ,( E Held. ; (( 0 F @ A0 ,, "( : ,( , 0 0( " 0 ( "%0 F ( 0 ( " 0 , ( (0 " ( , 0 Discussion. ( " , ! @( " A 0 ,( - "( " ,( % 0 , , - % 0 ( ,: ,½c : c

Saenz v. Roe Citation. & 6!4+.@...A Brief Fact Summary. , > ," ,, " , "0 0 ,, , , "- " "( , ," ? ( Synopsis of Rule of Law. " " 0 ," ,, " , "0 0 ,, , , "- " "( , ," ? ( '"( -," ," 0,": 0 , N )&M"- , 0 ,N4&6M" Issue. À " 0 ( , 0 ( 0 "" 0- " : , 0 ,,c( 50 7, c

Harper v. irginia State Board of Elections Citation. #+#!66#@.66A Brief Fact Summary. 50 0 0 7, - 00 ('

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Kramer v. ^nion Free School District Citation. #.&!6 @.#.A Brief Fact Summary. -*" @ A- , 0 - 3 ;% >0(( ( 0 Synopsis of Rule of Law. "0 0 " "( 0 Facts. 3 ;%$ > (, (( , 0 0 0 " , 00 %, (( ( , 0 - %0 " " , ! @ Issue. 3 ;% "( 00 " E Held. 3(( 0 , / @/ A ? 0" " 0 " G ,, G/ " , ' ' " " " @ 0 A " @ = (( A - Dissent. @ A0 , - G( " 0 ,,0 " ' G , ( , ( - 0 , Discussion. 0 ," 03 / " 0 - "" "( 0 0 ,-c7 " c

Ball v. James Citation. 4&!#&&@.+A Brief Fact Summary. = 0"( " ë @ ë A- : , ë , " ( 0 " 0 " = Dissent. 7 / @/ A0 ,, ë "= / ë ( ( : ( ( %G Facts. 0 111 G 0 ( , - 0 " ( , ,, ( ," "G -G( , TT 00- G G (-= G ( " G , ," G ( ,,, ,, " 0 Issue. ë ( " ? > , ! @G GAE Held. ; ( " , ! @G( " GA," , GIJ > , - ' , '( -" (,, " ,"( " 0 - ( ( ," ""( , 0 G ( " GIJ " " "( " ( , ( " , """ > " , " , >( ( %G ( " GIJ = (( 0(( ( " , ( , >(( ,",," " 0" ( - - GG ( - , - """( ( ," 0, ( , , 0 =,, 8 " ( " -, ( " , >( ( 0 ( " "( ' G Dissent. @G GA- 7 2 0@G2 0GA- /" 7 @G7 GA, 0( GIJ 0 (" ( , "0 " , 0 / > " 0, -0 - ( ( ( , 0 , ( 0 , G = , > G G = " G ,,, 0 , "0 ,, "( 0 " 0 " " - > - (( ? ( % / ' (-( ?" % ( 0 ( "0G7 0 - , (( , ( 0 ( G '( ( ( ? ," G7 G ( "0 - ( "0 ," Gc Concurrence. /" > @G > GA- @GGA- " @G" GA, 0(0 0 ( "(-0 ( , ( " 0 =0 -H- ( , G "( , ( (, 0 " G -GIJ - ( " 0 " , ? ' - , - > ? 7- ( - " ",, 0 ? 0 " ,((0 , '( "( 0 " G "( " ( ,G((" , G - ( " ( G 0 G G ( "(- "= 0 '( 0 0 - ,," 0.,c$ c

Lewis v. Casey Citation. &+!#4#@..6A Brief Fact Summary. ,:- 00 ( ,0 , Synopsis of Rule of Law. ( > ( - " 0 '( Facts. ( - " @ ( A- 0 -$ ë (" , @ A- ( "( , , " " Issue. ," 0,(( , " " E Held. 3 " F, ," 0- , ,, 0 = F " , - '( 0 > , "( ," 0 ( 0 " >", ," 03 0 ( ( ' F/ '("( ( - , , , ' , - % %0 , F - (( > ' 0" 0 " Dissent. F /"7 00" @A ,0 ", , ' % 0 -@ A '("( 0 0 ? ( c 1c 0À 0 0? G," G ( "( , 0 ,, 0 0 À 0 "( ' ,0 ( " " (( (( 0, ' 0 -"%0 ," G ' ( , 0 < -G " ((( 0 " - À (( " 0 Discussion. ," 00 0 , 0 0 " ( - "= 0 ( , ( " " ( , 0 = "( , 0, ,, , >( 0.cë /" c

Daniels v. Williams Citation. 4)4!# )@.+6A Brief Fact Summary. ë @ A % "0 ,= " = Synopsis of Rule of Law. 3 00 0 " ( , -

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County of Sacramento v. Lewis Citation. & #!+##@..+A Brief Fact Summary. $ @ ( A ( 0 " ( / " (( - ( ( % Synopsis of Rule of Law. 2 " G % G G , : G " " " 0 - 0 " ,, 0 Facts. ( ,, (0,0 ( , ( " ( , ((0- " ( ( ,, ,, ( ( 0 0 ( ,(11"(/ 0"% ( ,- " ( 0 0 - ( ")1, ( Issue. ë ,, ( , ( 00< ( E Held. 3 ( ,, " (0, ( Discussion. ( ,, 0 = 0 =0" " , ( % ( "" , - G %0G

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DeShaney v. Winnebago County Dept. of Social Services Citation. 4+.!+.@.+.A Brief Fact Summary. -ë @ A- " , - , , " , = ë0 " 0 - ( -/ 0 ë (, @ ( A- "0 " ( 0 0 Synopsis of Rule of Law. ë ( ,," 00 " " ( ," Facts. .). ( .+1 , 0 ," , " / " , ," , 0 ( , .+ ( ( ? ( = ( ( 0"0 0 ? " % (( ,, 0," - ( , , , - .+# " (, " , "0 "= , 0( ," , , Issue. 7 ,0 ( ," , , ( ( E Held. 3 ? , ( " ," , ë 0 " ,( ? - > ( ( ( , " , Dissent. F /"7 @7 A ( (0" ( , ( % 7 , 0 , - ,," F 7%"@7%"A "= , , , 0 ,, Discussion. / ( ( % - 0 ( ( ( - , , - ,," " "," " 0.c2 0 * c

Goldberg v. Kelly Citation. #.)! &4@.)1A Brief Fact Summary. 3 ;% 0, (0" " , ( 0 ( Synopsis of Rule of Law. 2 ->, ( ,( 0" (( , , Facts. 3 ;% 0 " ë ( " ,0" " (( ," " > " , ( 0, % Issue. ë ë , " " " ( " ( 0 0E Held. ; 0( 0" (( 0 , - " 0 " 0 , "( Dissent. / , , 0 , , ! @ A/ , (0" , 0 , Discussion. 7 ( , - "= 0 (( 0 " 0 G G"( ( ? , ,", 0½.c7, 0 c

Board of Regents v. Roth Citation. 41+!&64@.) A Brief Fact Summary. ( -@ ( A- 0 (, ( '(, Synopsis of Rule of Law. ( ,(( 0 , > , " 0" " , Facts. - 7, 0 @ A- 0 (, > , , , "( " - , , "( " , , , ( 0/ ! , .6+ " ( ,"( 7-, ( , ( ,"- 0 " , "- ( " ", , Issue. , ë ( ? , 0 0E Held. 3 0 > ( ", , ( " ( , "( > " , ë Dissent. "0 , -0 " 0 " ,, 0 Discussion. ,, , -2 0- , " 0 0 , '( " ( ( , - ,

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City of Renton v. Playtime Theaters, Inc. Citation. 4)&!4@.+6A Brief Fact Summary. - , @ A-( :0 0 ," Synopsis of Rule of Law. 0 < , " , " ( " ((( > G F ( : ? 0" , G %G- " 0%" ( ( ( ( " " 0 , 0 , ( % , = 0" ( %, , " ( , ( 0 > ,,"- %, " " FG7 ( ? , , 0 , ( ? " " 0 - - ' ,0 ? ( 0( G 0,0c!

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Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc. v. illage of Stratton Citation. !&1@ 11 A Brief Fact Summary. > (00 , Synopsis of Rule of Law. ( , 0 (( G"" ,, GG ( ? ( 0 ( , ( 0,G Facts. -/ 7 ,3 ;%-@G GA- ( 0 , ? 0 ! - / -8-0 0, ? / -@G GA- ( ? (,80 ( -50 , @ G ( GA 61, , G? ? ," ?00(?( (( , (( ,("0 ? ?, 0 ( "( H61#G 61# > > , G "G," " ( " , 0 " , ,"!( 0 ( "- ( " ( ,, , % ( , (( - ( , " ( " Issue. ë G 0 "%0" " 00 GA, 0( 0 0-0 " 0" , " ( > 0 G( " > " ,0 " (%( " , 0 Synopsis of Rule of Law. I J (( G 0 " IJ = 0 ( " , 00 < " - " " - ( , 0 I À JE Held. @GGA- , "= , " " G( " ,0 " ( '( - 0 " , 0 "( " " " ? , (0( 6" " O@ A '( = , " O@#A " ,00 (( ( " ,(, G F ,I J(( G 0 " = G" -( - " 0 > 0 ,,? = ,, = G , 0 0,,"( ( "" , = ( , " 0 ,G ", " G - ((" ( = + , (( - , " ( , Discussion. ,, 0 ,, G "% 41 -, (( ( -B2, ë " ( 7 @G7 GA-0, "= - , ,GIJ 0= - 0 - ( ," 0? ( ," ?G F -7 ,, G? = ( ,, 0 " ( " " " " ( 0 G -G ( ( K( 0 = ,, 0 ( , N&1( = " ' #1 ( % , ' (, ? / ( 0 0 0 0 ,7 ' ( Issue. ë "( 0( 0 " " , E Held. ; "( 0 ,0,0 ( ? 0 , Dissent. 0 ( 0 0: ( Discussion. "= , 0,( , 0 0 ( ( 0 , % ( - 0 ,0 , ( " 0 ( 0 ( " " 0 :

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ÀcIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission Citation. &4!##4@..&A Brief Fact Summary. -À @ A- , (( ' , ( , ,8 - 0 0 8 Synopsis of Rule of Law. ( ( $ >0 , , ,( ( = Facts. 8 ( -( " 0 (" , , (0 " " , ' " 0(( ' " , - , N11, 0 8 Issue. ë 8(0 , " "(0 " " , ! @ AE Held. ; 3,", ( 0 ( , F8 ( ,, ,, ( ( , Dissent. " 0 , Concurrence. 0 - 0 , 0 , ," (" '"( , " ( 0 , 0 ( (( ( Discussion. , " ( 0: 0 8, 0( ( " , =0 , (( ( 7 0 " - (( 0 (

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Buckley v. American Constitutional Law Foundation, Inc. Citation. & &!+ @...A Brief Fact Summary. > ( ? 0 " - " ( ( Synopsis of Rule of Law. ( ( , " " " ((0( Facts. : " 0 0( 0( ( - > ( %0, 0 " 0 " ( Issue. ë > " " " , ! @ AE Held. ; ,,",(( F 0 > " 0 (( ( ( ,0" ,= F$ 0( , ( " =

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Rust v. Sullivan Citation. &11!)#@..A Brief Fact Summary. ( - @ ( A- 0 ( , " À ( ," (0( Synopsis of Rule of Law. 0 " ,(0" 0 ! @ A-, , (0" 0 ( Facts. .++- ( ("0 0 ( , " ," 0 À ( " ,," (0 Issue. ë " " , (0 < ,"0E Fë (, , > " , 0E Held. 3 0 " " , (0" ' , 0 ? : ' ,," 0- ,0 ( 0 F3 0 > ( ,, 0 - " % ( ( ," , (0" Dissent. < 0 , ( ( ,"? , " " ,," (0 Discussion. < ( - , ( , (0"> " (0 0 - ,- 7 " 0-( ( (0"

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Legal Services Corp. v. elazquez Citation. &#!&##@ 11A Brief Fact Summary. 0 0 @G > GA-0 ë 8?@G8?GA0 " @G" GA= 0 H&14@A@6A 0 ( - G , ( ,, ( 0(0"G -H&14@A@6A G IJ(," " IJ , (G, 0 0 "= % 0 , -G(( (( ( ,( :c

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Debs v. ^nited States Citation. 4.! @..A Brief Fact Summary. -ë @ A- ,0 , "(0 " 0 0 ( 1 Synopsis of Rule of Law. ( ( , (( , ( - - (( ,, Facts. 0 " ,( ( -8(( 0 " , ( , , , " , ?" ?, (0 , ,, , Issue. ë ( 0 '( " , E Held. 3 ( " , ! @( " A 0 , "(0 0 0 , ( - ! @ ( A Discussion. , % "" ," ( 0 (( , - ( " 0

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Abrams v. ^nited States Citation. &1!66@..A Brief Fact Summary. -" @ A- , (0 2 "0 " ," ( - ! @ ( A-0// Synopsis of Rule of Law. ! > , ( , ( % Facts. ( , ( 03 ;% ( 0 ; " 0 " , ," 0 0 00 ,",! 0 " - 000 0 "(- - ( , 0 " - 0 00 0 Issue. ( , > , ? ( E Held. ; ( , ( " " , Dissent. ( " ( % ( ( - G"% ( , G, '0 % ,? 0 Discussion. 0 " ( ( , - ,, 0 , - % % , 0

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Gitlow v. New York Citation. 6+!6& @. &A Brief Fact Summary. -2@ A-( "" ", , ! 0 (0 ! 0 " Synopsis of Rule of Law. , "( ' ( ( Facts. 0 " , ," ! " " , $ ,/0 , "0 , (( 0:.. ( 0(? ", ( ( , ( ," 3 ;% > Issue. ë (0 ( , " " 0, ", '( E Held. 3 " , ' 0 ? ( ( ? ( ( , ( 0 ( " " , , "" Dissent. " ( ( ( ( 0 ( Discussion. ", ( ( , 0( ( % 0 ( , , ( " 0 ( 0 , , :

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Bolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp. Citation. 46#!61@.+#A Brief Fact Summary. ( -;0 ë0 (@ ( A- "0 ( 0 ( , ( Synopsis of Rule of Law. "" ( " (( "" Facts. ( " , ( " ( ", , ( 7- 0 0 " -( " " , (0 Issue. " "" ( E Held. ; , "0 "" ( Discussion. / ( " "" ( ( ( ' , @A " " -@ A , ((-@#A "" , "0 " ,, ( - ( " " , ! @ A

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Friedman v. Rogers Citation. 441!@.).A Brief Fact Summary. ' ( , " (" Synopsis of Rule of Law. " ,","" ( - " 0 Facts. ' ( , " (" Issue. , " E Held. ; ' " ,(" 0 , " Discussion. 0 ,, 0 ( " (, ,(" , -" ,> ,,( " " "0 " - , - " 0 (

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Linmark Associates, Inc. v. Township of Willingboro Citation. 4#!+&@.))A Brief Fact Summary. ( - (,/0@ ( A-( " ," ( 0G G 0 Synopsis of Rule of Law. G G 0 ,",( "" ( "" " ( Facts. ( ( ( 0," 0 0 " , 0 0 0 : ( " 0,("0 - 0 0 Issue. 0 E Held. 3 , ,,," Discussion. ( 0" '0 , ," , "( "" 0 "0 G G , -

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44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island Citation. &)!4+4@..6A Brief Fact Summary. ( " ,( " Synopsis of Rule of Law. ,"" ( " G" 0 G " Facts. @ ( A( 0 (0 " , ( , 0 7 " ,"""0 ," (( "0 , 0 ( - ( "( Issue. ( 0,( E Held. 3 = 0 - -,, (0 " ,"" ( Concurrence. F " , 0, ((( 0" F 8?0 =0" -(( , " 0" 0 " 0 " " ' Discussion. ( 0,-" 0,"," 0(( ( 0(7 "( "" ( = ,

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Gertz v. Welch Citation. 4+!# #@.)4A Brief Fact Summary. "0: % (, ( 0, % , Synopsis of Rule of Law. " ,( " , "0 , ( ," " , 00 " ( % Facts. / @ ( A "0: ( ( 0 ( (( "" " ( - 2 : @ A, 0 G ,," , ,( Issue. " " , ( , ( ,( , E Held. 3 , ( " - , ( , 0 , Discussion. ( 0 ( ( " ," " " " ( ( ," ( (

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Florida Star v. B.J.F. Citation. 4.!& 4@.+4A Brief Fact Summary. (( ( " ," "0 Synopsis of Rule of Law. ,,," , " ,( - " ( (, ," Facts. @ A (( % ,G( ( G (( 7@ ( A ", ' ( ( ( ( ( , " ( ( ( ( " ( ( , (" ( (( ( 0 00 ,(0 ," Issue. ,( ," , ( ,"( E Held. 3 " ( - 0, 0 Dissent. ( ( 0 , 0 " ," , - ( "( , ? Discussion. 0" (, " ( ?

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Police Department of the City of Chicago v. Àosley Citation. 41+!. @.) A Brief Fact Summary. (0(% 0 ' Synopsis of Rule of Law. 8 ," " ( 0 " ( ( Facts. À @ ( A ( % (% 0 0, " ë0 (% " , 0 0 , " 0> ( ( ,- -> ,0( (0(% 0 ' Issue. ' ,(% 0,"(( E Held. 3 < ((( " -( -" Discussion. , " , (% ( , ( ( '(

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Boy Scouts of America v. Dale Citation. 1 446@ 111A Brief Fact Summary. ë @ ( A ( % 0 Synopsis of Rule of Law. ", '( 0 0, ,, 0: ( 2 , 0 0: "0 0,0 ( '( Facts. ( 0 ( " " ( % 7 ," @ A 0 ( 0 0 / , "0 ! - ( " ( 0 "= 0 ,( = Discussion. '( ( ,", " " ( '( 0:" 00 " ,", '( % 0 "%0 (( '( "% '( (( " ' G" 0GG G, 7 (0 ( - 0" 0 (( "(0 , ", '(

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Àinneapolis Star and Tribune Company v. Àinnesota Commissioner of Revenue Citation. 461!&)&@.+#A Brief Fact Summary. "( ( ' (( Synopsis of Rule of Law. ë,, ', ( ( "( 0= Facts. À ( @ A( "0 0(( ".6).) ' "(," 0 '.)- 0 "( ( ' ,(( % ' ' "( .)4- ' " , N11-11111,%(( ( ' "( N4-11111' , (( ( ( 0 " 00 " '( "" , "0,0 " , , ", ( $% - = 0 , (( ( (( (

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Branzburg v. Hayes Citation. 41+!66&@.) A Brief Fact Summary. ,, ( , 0= > - > ,, , Synopsis of Rule of Law. 3 ( ' "(,"(( 0 , 0= 0> Facts. 7:0@ A ,, ( , $ (( 0 (,"= (( ( , ( 0 (" ( ( , 0= , (( @ A ( 0 7% ," > 0 , '0 ,0 0 0 ( " (( ( ( , , Issue. > ( , , 0= E Held. 3 ( ( 0 , , ( " ' ( 0 " Dissent. ( 0, ( (( ( "% ( ,," 0, " 0: ," > 0 - , ( - , ( , ( (, ," Concurrence. 3 ( " , 0 ((( ,( "> ( Discussion. , , ( ," % ( % % '( 7- ( ( , ( ! (( , " , % " 0- 0 =

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Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. Federal Communications Commission Citation. #.&!#6)@.6.A Brief Fact Summary. , ( , " % % Synopsis of Rule of Law. >0 ( " ,( % Facts. "" "" @M ( A > ( ( , - "( " ë $7 0@ A( G G ë0 ( % "" ,%7 2 , ,"=,"%0, " - % , "" ( , ( % " , " ( , ( " "" ( % " 0 " Issue. 0 " > ( ( > " " ,( % " 0( ( E Held. ; 0 ? ( " " , ( ë "( , 0 "" 0 ," ( ,(( Discussion. 7 , > " "" > 0 " 0 7 , " ( - > , - 0 0 " ( > (( " "( 0, ," '( G"% ( , G

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Àiami Herald v. Tornillo Citation. 4+! 4@.)4A Brief Fact Summary. @ ( A > ( (( ( ( % Synopsis of Rule of Law. ,00( , ,(( 0 " " "( > (" ,,( Facts. ( , , ( .) À" @ A % , ( ( " ( ( 0 ,G0 , ( G0 ( ( (( ( % ,,, (( Issue. > (( 0( " ( ( E Held. ; "( , ",( 0 " " ,, -0 (( 0" ( , "" Discussion. À (( "( - 0 "(:, 0 ( - ( ( 0 " ! , ,( ,( 0" , ( (,, ,,

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Richmond Newspapers v. irginia Citation. 44+!&&&@.+1A Brief Fact Summary. " ( 0" Synopsis of Rule of Law. " " ( ( ( - 0 " Facts. " ( ," " 00, ,- , , % ( " ," " (

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Pell v. Procunier Citation. 4)!+)@.)#A Brief Fact Summary. À " , ( ( " , ( " ( (0( , " ,"( 00( = 7 , , ( (3 0 ( " Issue. ë ( 0, = 0 ( E Held. 3 ! , 0 0, ," ( " > " " , 0 ( Dissent. ' , 0 > ( ( > =(( , " , ( , , " " Concurrence. 0 =0" - ( = , , "= , (- ( " >(" = Discussion. 0 ( G , (G = " ,"$"0 ,0 ( , ", ( "" ( , "0 , ( , " - ",( = ( 0

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^nited States v. Seeger Citation. #+1!6#@.6&A Brief Fact Summary. ( , ( G( " 7 0G = Synopsis of Rule of Law. GIJ , ,? ( " 7 0? 0 , " 0,( ( , , ( ( , ' ,2, >, , ' "(G Facts. -ë 0 @ G GA- , ë ,3 ;%, , 0 " , , " = .&) 6@=A, ! À 0 @ GGA-G ' "( ,""0 " , , ! ( , 0 0 , (( (( ,"G "G 0 0 ,G , G ? , ( " 7 0 0 ( 0," " -@0A (- 0-( ( " ( " G G (( (( ," , ? 0 ? ,O ( , > ,( " 7 0( -? ? ??GO ? % ( " , ' ,2?? " %,, 0 ?O ? , 0 , % - 0 ,( ? ( 0 - (:, ((, , " 0 ? ,2- ' ( " ?G ? ", = ( G , ( " 7 0G Issue. / ,,G 0 0 ,G 6@=A, E Held. , 0 ? 0 ( G( " 7 0G- 0 " ,, 0 00 " ,, G (( , , "0 , ( ", 0 ( 0 ' "(,"" "( : 0 : , 0, ' "( % (0 0< ( ,(%0 0"0 0 , G G0 - 0 '( ?( " 7 0? 0?2-? " , 0 " 0, 0 0 , " 0 ' (- 0-( ( G -G , ,? ( " 7 0? 0 ,

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Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith Citation. 4.4!+) @..1A Brief Fact Summary. "@ ( A "( " , ( (, 0 Synopsis of Rule of Law. ' , 0 ( - " 0 Facts. 8 0( ( , ( ( , ( -" " , 3 " , ," =, 0( (, 0 " ( , , "( " , , G" G Issue. " ( 0 ,( ' E Held. ; (( : > 0 , 0 , 0 "( ( 0 ( , 3 " Dissent. "= , , ' , ( ? 0 " 0( 0 Concurrence. 0" -"( 0 "0 0 0 " ,, 0 0 0 " ,( Discussion. ' , 0 0 0 " ( "( " ( 08 - 0 , ' "( " ( 0 , 0 , 0 , (" , " , ' (

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Sherbert v. erner Citation. #)4!#.+@.6#A Brief Fact Summary. @ A "( " , , % Synopsis of Rule of Law. " "( " , : 0 > , , Facts. , , , 0% - , 0 , , "( " ,= > % ( " 0 , , , Issue. "( " , E Held. 3 0( : ,(0 0 , ,, , , , 0 0 Dissent. "= 0" 0 ( , ((-( ' ( 0 " " 0 " 0 Discussion. 2 - " 0 '( ( ( , - ( - ", 0 , - > ( , 0 >,, , , ' , 0 , 0 0(0 0

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Church of the Lukumi Babala Aye v. City of Haileah Citation. &1+!& 1@..#A Brief Fact Summary. ( 0" , , 0 (( Synopsis of Rule of Law. ' , ( ," (( ,( 0 , Facts. , $%"7 @ A( 0 ((,", " , " % 0 %$ - " % .+)- ," , @ ( A , ( "" = - ( (0" , , 0 " 00 ( - , - , , "" Issue. (0" , E Held. 3 ( ( "" 0 ( , ( 0 " 0 " "( 0 Discussion. 0 (( = , "( 0 7 0 , 0 "( 00 " , '( , , 0 0, ( ( ,

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Locke v. Davey Citation. PP!PP- 4#1)-&+$ @ 114A Brief Fact Summary. ((0"- -, ( 0 0 0 ," , Synopsis of Rule of Law. ' , " " , ! @ G GA- ((0"- ( 0G 0 0 G " ," (0" Facts. ( " " ( ( 0 "( " ( ,/ 0- - G ( ( 0 0 0 G ,(( , / 0"(( G 0 0,, " G - I ! J -/ 0? G ' , 0 "= " "( 0 G Issue. Fë %, , ," ,/ 0? " ( 0" ( 0 0 0 - ' , " " , E Held. F3 /" > @G > GA0, "= G ' ," (0" ' , " " G > ,/ 0 G, 0 , G"( G" ( , 0 G > 0 0 ? @GGA 0(,= 0, G (, G , - G ,0, 0 (, G!% I ! J - 0 ", - > G , " (0" 0 0 0 0 , G "= GIJ ? ,0 ( , 0 ' , ,0( " " G Dissent.

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County of Allegheny v. American Civil Liberties ^nion Greater Pittsburgh Chapter Citation. 4. !&)#@.+.A Brief Fact Summary. 0 ( " , ? "= 0 " 0 Synopsis of Rule of Law. 2 " " ( 0 " " ', , 0 " Facts. W ( , 0 -% " ( 0 , " , (, F " ( ( , 0 " ((( Concurrence. ( , 0 ( % 0 ( , 0 Discussion. ,, , ( " 0: ( ( " , 0 (( , 7 ( " 0 0

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Larson v. alente Citation. 4&6!

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Àitchell v. Helms Citation. 1 @ 111A Brief Fact Summary. (0"( , , ((( Synopsis of Rule of Law. 0 " " ( ( 0 A ,, , 0 0O A 0 " O#A "( " Facts. (0"-( - " 0 " >(" (( " , " -"( , (0" > ,G - -0 ( ( "0 " , ( ?G , 0 ë "( , " , ( ,"0 -"( " ,, 0 G ((0(( , ( ? 0Gë0 ...< 111 - ,, < '( (( (0"8, ,, < ' -, < '@+ LA 0 ,,8 (( (0"- .6L, " 0 ,, 7 0 - (0" "" "0 Issue. ë ((0" ,8-( ," - " , ! G 00 0GE Held. 30 /" > @G > GA, (, "= > , " , " " , (( 0 " " -( ,"( 0 0 G(( GG ,, G, 00 0 > 0: , " , - 0 " (0"( G 0 G- - ( G0 " 0 , 0 ( ,( G "= -IÀ J-I JI# J- = " 0 > G 0 0 " (0" ( , --- 0 , 0G - ( " G, I J (( ,( - " ,(0" , 0

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