Constitucion de La Comunidad de Massachusetts 2013 1780

 

Kmstgrmc ljn Hgdstmtuhmgdcnmsig Cijrmhcdg Nums Brcu Bøijz / Icdujn Icrtédjz Djmrc

Hgdstmtuh Icsschkusjtts ‘  ‘ 32;6 (arcbijdtgs (arcbijdtgs) Hgdstmtuhmød lj nc Hgiudmlcl lj Icsschkusjtts Vrjãioung Jn amd lj nc mdstmtuhmød, icdtjdmimjdtg y climdmstrchmød lj ud bgomjrdg js csjburcr nc jxmstjdhmc ljn hujrpg pgnétmhg pcrc prgtjbjrng y achmnmtcr c ngs mdlmvmlugs quj ng hgipgdjd jn pgljr lj lmsarutcr, hgd sjburmlcl y trcdqumnmlcl, sus ljrjhkgs dcturcnjs  y ncs ojdlmhmgdjs lj nc vmlc. ] hucdlg jstgs brcdljs go`jtmvgs dg sj cnhcdzcd, jn pujong tmjdj ud ljrjhkg c hciomcr jn bgomjrdg y c tgicr ncs ijlmlcs djhjscrmcs pcrc su sjburmlcl, prgspjrmlcl y ajnmhmlcl. Jn hujrpg pgnétmhg jstã agriclg pgr udc csghmchmød vgnudtcrmc lj mdlmvmlugs. Js ud pchtg sghmcn pgr jn quj tglg jn pujong pchtc hgd hclc hmulclcdg, y hclc hmulclcdg hgd tglg jn pujong, quj, pcrc jn omjd hgiðd, tglgs sj bgojrdcrãd ijlmcdtj hmjrtcs njyjs. Js nc gonmbchmød ljn pujong, pgr tcdtg, cn jncogrcr ud Hgdstmtuhmød lj Bgomjrdg, jstmpuncr udc agric jqumtctmvc lj kchjr njyjs csé hgig udc mdtjrprjtchmød mipcrhmcn y su prjhmsc j`jhuhmød, pcrc quj tglg kgiorj, jd tglg igijdtg, jdhujdtrj su sjburmlcl jd jnncs. Vgr tcdtg dgsgtrgs, jn pujong lj Icsschkusjtts, rjhgdghmjdlg hgd hgrczgdjs cbrcljhmlgs nc ogdlcl ljn Brcd Njbmsnclgr ljn Zdmvjrsg cn lcrdgs, jd jn hcimdg lj su prgvmljdhmc, udc gpgrtudmlcl pcusclc y pchéamhcijdtj, smd arculj, vmgnjdhmc dm sgrprjsc, lj nnjbcr udgs hgd gtrgs c ud pchtg grmbmdcn, jxpnéhmtg y sgnjidj, y lj jncogrcr udc dujvc Hgdstmtuhmød lj Bgomjrdg Hmvmn pcrc dgsgtrgs y pcrc dujstrc ljshjdljdhmc. J mipngrcdlg ljvgtcijdtj su lmrjhhmød jd tcd mdtjrjscdtj prgyjhtg, chgrlcigs, grljdcigs y jstconjhjigs nc smbumjdtj Ljhncrchmød lj ljrjhkgs y icrhg lj bgomjrdg hgig nc Hgdstmtuhmød lj nc Hgiudmlcl lj Icsschkusjtts. Vrmijrc pcrtj Zdc Ljhncrchmød lj ngs Ljrjhkgs lj ngs kcomtcdtjs lj nc Hgiudmlcl lj Icsschkusjtts  Crtéhung M. \glgs ngs kgiorjs dchjd nmorjs j mbucnjs, y tmjdjd hmjrtgs ljrjhkgs dcturcnjs, jsjdhmcnjs j mdcnmjdconjs jdtrj ngs quj sj pujljd hgdtcr jn ljrjhkg c lmsarutcr y ljajdljr sus vmlcs y nmojrtcljs, c clqumrmr, pgsjjr, y prgtjbjr UsuY prgpmjlcl5 jd hgdhnusmød, c oushcr y cnhcdzcr su sjburmlcl y ajnmhmlcl. MM.

\glgs ngs kgiorjs jd sghmjlcl tmjdjd jn ljrjhkg, csé hgig nc gonmbchmød, lj rjdlmr huntg pðonmhcijdtj y jd ncs amjstcs jstconjhmlcs cn Xjr Xuprjig, cn brcd Hrjclgr y Vrgtjhtgr ljn udmvjrsg. ] dmdbðd hmulclcdg sjrã s jrã pjr`ulmhclg, ignjstclg g mipjlmlg, jd su pjrsgdc, nmojrtcl g omjdjs, pgr rjdlmr rjdlmr huntg c Lmgs jd nc icdjrc y igijdtg iãs hgdagrijs hgd su prgpmc hgdhmjdhmc g sjbðd su hgdajsmød g sjdtmimjdtgs rjnmbmgsgs smjiprj quj dg cntjrj nc pcz pðonmhc g mipmlc jn huntg rjnmbmgsg lj gtrgs. MMM.

Lclg quj nc ajnmhmlcl lj ud pujong y jn oujd grljd y nc hgdsjrvchmød ljn bgomjrdg hmvmn ljpjdljd jsjdhmcnijdtj lj nc pmjlcl, nc rjnmbmød y nc igrcnmlcl5 y pujstg quj ístcs dg sj pujljd lmaudlmr pgr udc hgiudmlcl smdg ijlmcdtj nc mdstmtuhmød ljn huntg pðonmhg c Lmgs y nc mdstruhhmød pðonmhc lj nc pmjlcl, nc rjnmbmød y nc igrcnmlcl, pgr tcdtg, pcrc agijdtcr su ajnmhmlcl y pcrc bcrcdtmzcr jn oujd grljd y nc hgdsjrvchmød lj su bgomjrdg, jn pujong lj jstc Hgiudmlcl tmjdj ljrjhkg c csmbdcr c su ørbcdg njbmsnctmvg jn pgljr pcrc cutgrmzcr y jxmbmr, y hucdlg sjc djhjscrmg jn ørbcdg njbmsnctmvg ljojrã cutgrmzcr y jxmbmr c tglgs ngs iudmhmpmgs, pcrrgqumcs, ljicrhchmgdjs y gtrgs hujrpgs pgnétmhgs g c ncs sghmjlcljs rjnmbmgscs quj clgptjd, hgd hcrbg c sus prgpmgs prjsupujstgs, ncs lmspgsmhmgdjs cljhuclcs pcrc jstconjhjr jn huntg pðonmhg c Lmgs y pcrc jn sgstjdmimjdtg y icdtjdmimjdtg lj icjstrgs pðonmhgs prgtjstcdtjs lj pmjlcl, rjnmbmød y igrcnmlcl, jd cqujnngs hcsgs jd ngs quj lmhkg sgstjdmimjdtg dg sj kcbc vgnudtcrmcijdtj.

 

Kmstgrmc ljn Hgdstmtuhmgdcnmsig Cijrmhcdg Nums Brcu Bøijz / Icdujn Icrtédjz Djmrc  ] jn pujong lj jstc jst c hgiudmlcl hgi udmlcl tmjdj csmimsig cs mimsig ud ljrjhkg ljrjh kg y ljoj gtgrbcr gt grbcr c su ørbcdg njbmsnctmvg nc cutgrmlcl pcrc jxmbmr c tglgs ngs hmulclcdgs quj csmstcd c ncs jdsjócdzcs lj ngs icjstrgs pðonmhgs cdtjs ijdhmgdclgs, sm kuomjrc cnbudg c huycs jdsjócdzcs pujlcd csmstmr hgdshmjdtj y hgdvjdmjdtjijdtj, jd ncs ajhkcs y amjstcs jstconjhmlcs. Hgd tcn quj, smd jiocrbg, tglgs ngs iudmhmpmgs, pcrrgqumcs, ljicrhchmgdjs y gtrgs hujrpgs pgnétmhgs g sghmjlcljs rjnmbmgscs tjdbcd jd tglg igijdtg jn ljrjhkg jxhnusmvg lj jnjbmr sus icjstrgs pðonmhgs y lj hgdtrctcr hgd jnngs su sgstjdmimjdtg y icdtjdmimjdtg.  ] tglg jn lmdjrg pcbclg pgr jn hmulclcdg hmulclc dg pcrc jn sgstjdmimjdtg sgstjdmi mjdtg ljn huntg pðonmhg y lj ngs icjstrgs pðonmhgs cdtjs ijdhmgdclgs sjrã, sm ín ng jxmbj, ljstmdclg jd su tgtcnmlcl cn sgstjdmimjdtg ljn icjstrg g icjstrgs pðonmhgs lj su prgpmc sjhtc g hgdajsmød rjnmbmgsc, rjnmbmgsc, smjiprj quj kcyc cnbudc lj ncs jdsjócdzcs c ncs quj ín csmstc5 UyY sm dg, sj ljlmhcrã pcrc jn sgstjdmimjdtg ljn icjstrg g icjstrgs lj ncs pcrrgqumcs g ljicrhchmgdjs jd ngs quj sj hgnjhtj lmhkg lmdjrg.  ] tglc hgdbrjbchmød hgdbrjbchmø d lj hrmstmcdgs hrmstmcdg s quj sj hgipgrtjd hgipgrt jd lj agric pchéamhc y quj sjcd oujdgs hmulclcdgs lj nc hgiudmlcl jstcrã mbucnmtcrmcijdtj oc`g nc prgtjhhmød lj nc njy. ] nc njy dudhc jstconjhjrã dmdbudc suogrlmdchmød lj udc sjhtc g hgdajsmød c gtrc. MQ .

Jn pujong lj jstc Hgiudmlcl tmjdj jn ðdmhg y jxhnusmvg ljrjhkg c bgojrdcrsj c sé imsig hgig ud jstclg nmorj, sgojrcdg j mdljpjdlmjdtj5 y pujlj y pcrc smjiprj jd cljncdtj pglrã j`jrhjr y lmsarutcr tglg pgljr, `urmslmhhmød y ljrjhkg quj dg sjc g jd cljncdtj aujrj ljnjbclg pgr jnngs c ngs Jstclgs Zdmlgs lj Ciírmhc rjudmlgs jd Hgdbrjsg.  Q .

Vujstg quj tglgs ngs pgljrjs rjsmljd grmbmdcnijdtj jd jn pujong y sj ljrmvcd lj ín, tglgs ngs icbmstrclgs y gamhmcnjs ljn bgomjrdg mdvjstmlgs hgd cutgrmlcl, yc sjc njbmsnctmvc, j`jhutmvc g `ulmhmcn, sgd sus cbjdtjs y sustmtutgs, y sgd rjspgdsconjs jd tglg igijdtg cdtj ín.

 QM.

Dmdbðd kgiorj dm hgrpgrchmød dm csghmchmød lj kgiorjs tmjdj tétung cnbudg pcrc hgdsjbumr jspjhmcnjs trctcimjdtgs g prmvmnjbmgs pcrtmhuncrjs y jxhnusmvgs, lmstmdtgs lj ngs lj nc hgiudmlcl, smdg UsøngY ngs quj sur`cd hgig hgdsjhujdhmc lj ngs sjrvmhmgs prjstclgs cn pðonmhg5 y jstgs tétungs dg sjrãd pgr su dcturcnjzc dm kjrjlmtcrmgs dm trcdsimsmonjs c ngs km`gs g ljshjdlmjdtjs, g c acimnmcrjs lj scdbrj, smjdlg cosurlc j mddcturcn nc mljc lj udc pjrsgdc quj dczhc icbmstrclg, njbmsnclgr g `ujz.

 QMM.

Jn bgomjrdg sj mdstmtuyj pcrc jn omjd hgiðd, pcrc nc prgtjhhmød, sjburmlcl, prgspjrmlcl y ajnmhmlcl ljn pujong y dg pcrc jn ojdjamhmg, nc lmstmdhmød g jn mdtjrís

prmvclg lj dmdbðd kgiorj, mdcnmjdconj acimnmc g hncsj lj cdunconj, kgiorjs. pcrc Vgr tcdtg, søng jnjnpujong tmjdj ud ljrjhkg mdhgdtjstconj, y dg hgdstmtumr bgomjrdg y pcrc rjagricrng, cntjrcrng g hciomcrng tgtcnijdtj hucdlg ng jxm`c su prgtjhhmød, sjburmlcl, prgspjrmlcl y ajnmhmlcl.  QMMM.

Vcrc mipjlmr quj cqujnngs mdvjstmlgs lj cutgrmlcl sj hgdvmjrtcd jd gprjsgrjs, jn pujong tmjdj ud ljrjhkg c kchjr quj sus gamhmcnjs pðonmhgs vujnvcd c nc vmlc prmvclc jd ngs igijdtgs y agrics quj sj jstconjzhcd jd su Hgdstmtuhmød, y c huormr ngs pujstgs vchcdtjs ijlmcdtj jnjhhmgdjs y dgimdchmgdjs sjburcs y pjrmølmhcs.

M[.

\glcs ncs jnjhhmgdjs sjrãd nmorjs y tglgs ngs kcomtcdtjs lj jstc hgiudmlcl quj huipncd ngs rjqumsmtgs quj sj jstconjzhcd jd su hgdstmtuhmød tmjdjd jn imsig ljrjhkg c jnjbmr y sjr jnjbmlgs gamhmcnjs pcrc ngs hcrbgs pðonmhgs. [.

Hclc mdlmvmlug lj nc sghmjlcl tmjdj ljrjhkg c sjr prgtjbmlg pgr ístc pcrc quj lmsarutj lj su vmlc, su nmojrtcl y su prgpmjlcl sjbðd ncs njyjs jshrmtcs. U]Y ín qujlc gonmbclg, rjhéprghcijdtj, c hgdtrmoumr su pcrtj ljn hgstj lj jstc prgtjhhmød5 c lcr hucdlg sjc djhjscrmg su sjrvmhmg pjrsgdcn g ud jqumvcnjdtj5 pjrg dmdbudc pcrtj lj nc prgpmjlcl lj ud mdlmvmlug pujlj jd `ustmhmc crrjoctãrsjnj g cpnmhcrsj c usgs pðonmhgs

 

Kmstgrmc ljn Hgdstmtuhmgdcnmsig Cijrmhcdg Nums Brcu Bøijz / Icdujn Icrtédjz Djmrc smd su hgdsjdtmimjdtg g jn ljn hujrpg lj rjprjsjdtcdtjs ljn pujong. Jd ljamdmtmvc, jn pujong lj jstc hgiudmlcl dg jstã su`jtg c gtrcs njyjs smdg c ncs quj su hujrpg hgdstmtuhmgdcn lj rjprjsjdtcdtjs kcyc lclg su hgdsjdtmimjdtg. ] smjiprj quj ncs djhjsmlcljs pðonmhcs rjqumjrcd quj nc prgpmjlcl lj hucnqumjr mdlmvmlug sjc ljstmdclc c usg pðonmhg, cquín rjhmomrã pgr jnnc udc hgipjdschmød rczgdconj. [M.

\glg hmulclcdg lj nc Hgiudmlcl ljoj pgljr jdhgdtrcr, chulmjdlg c ncs njyjs, udc sgnuhmød ljamdmtmvc c tglcs ncs njsmgdjs g lcógs quj rjhmoc jd su pjrsgdc, prgpmjlcl u kgdgr. Ljojrã pgljr rjhmomr ljrjhkg y `ustmhmc brctumtcijdtj y smd tjdjr quj hgiprcrngs, hgipnjtcijdtj y smd dmdbudc ljdjbchmød, rãpmlcijdtj y smd lmnchmød, y c`ustclc c ncs njyjs. [MM.

Dg sj gonmbcrã c dmdbðd hmulclcdg c rjspgdljr pgr dmdbðd ljnmtg u gajdsc, kcstc quj sj nj kcyc dgtmamhclg tgtcn y hncrcijdtj, suostcdhmcn y agricnijdtj5 dm sjrã gonmbclg c chuscrsj g prgpgrhmgdcr prujocs hgdtrc sé imsig. ] tglg hmulclcdg tjdlrã jn ljrjhkg c prjsjdtcr tglcs ncs prujocs quj nj sjcd acvgrconjs, c hgdargdtcr hcrc c hcrc c ngs tjstmbgs quj nj chusjd, y c quj sj jshuhkj tgtcnijdtj su ljajdsc UprjsjdtclcY, c su jnjhhmød, pgr ín imsig g pgr su cogbclg. ] dmdbðd hmulclcdg sjrã ljtjdmlg, jdhcrhjnclg, ljspg`clg g prmvclg lj su prgpmjlcl, mdiudmlcljs g prmvmnjbmgs, hgnghclg aujrc lj nc prgtjhhmød lj nc njy, jxmnclg g prmvclg lj su vmlc, nmojrtcl g omjdjs smdg ijlmcdtj jn `umhmg lj sus mbucnjs g sjbðd nc njy jd vmbgr. ] jn ørbcdg njbmsnctmvg dg cprgocrã dmdbudc njy quj hgdljdj c hucnqumjr pjrsgdc, jxhjptg c cqujnncs sgijtmlcs cn j`írhmtg g nc icrmdc, c ud hcstmbg hcpmtcn g mdacij sm dg js ijlmcdtj ud `umhmg pgr `urclg. [MMM.

Jd ngs prghjsgs pjdcnjs, nc vjrmamhchmød lj ngs kjhkgs jd nc vjhmdlcl lgdlj ghurrmjrgd js udc lj ncs icygrjs bcrcdtécs pcrc nc vmlc, nc nmojrtcl y nc prgpmjlcl ljn hmulclcdg. [MQ .

\glg hmulclcdg tmjdj ud ljrjhkg c jstcr prgtjbmlg hgdtrc tglg rjbmstrg mrrczgdconj y hgdtrc nc hgdamshchmød lj su pjrsgdc, lj sus hcscs, sus pcpjnjs y tglcs sus pjrtjdjdhmcs. Vgr hgdsmbumjdtj, tglgs ngs icdlcimjdtgs Ulj rjbmstrgY sgd hgdtrcrmgs c jstj ljrjhkg sm su hcusc g audlcijdtg dg kc smlg hgrrgogrclc ijlmcdtj ud `urcijdtg g prgijsc, y UtciomídY sm nc grljd jd jn i icdlcimjdtg cdlcimjdtg c ud gamhmcn hmvmn pcrc quj rjbmstrj nubcrjs sgspjhkgsgs, g pcrc ljtjdjr udc g iãs pjrsgdcs sgspjhkgscs g pcrc hgdamshcr su prgpmjlcl, dg vc chgipcóclc lj udc ljsmbdchmød jspjhéamhc lj ncs pjrsgdcs u go`jtgs lj rjbmstrg, ljtjdhmød g hgdamshchmød. ] dmdbðd icdlcimjdtg sj jxpjlmrã smdg jd ngs hcsgs y hgd ncs agricnmlcljs prjshrmtgs pgr ncs njyjs. [Q .

Jd tglcs ncs lmsputcs rjnchmgdclcs hgd nc prgpmjlcl y jd tglgs ngs pnjmtgs jdtrj lgs g iãs pjrsgdcs, jxhjptg jd ngs hcsgs jd ngs quj kcstc ckgrc sj kcyc kjhkg g prchtmhclg lj gtrc agric, ncs pcrtjs tmjdjd ljrjhkg c ud `umhmg pgr `urclg5 y jstj iítglg lj prghjsg sj hgdsmljrcrã scbrclg c ijdgs quj jd ncs hcuscs surbmlcs jd cntc icr y jd ncs rjnctmvcs c ngs sujnlgs lj ngs icrmdjrgs, jn ørbcdg njbmsnctmvg hgdsmljrj djhjscrmg hciomcrng. [QM.

Nc nmojrtcl lj prjdsc js jsjdhmcn pcrc nc bcrcdtéc lj nc nmojrtcl jd ud jstclg5 pgr tcdtg dg sj nmimtcrã jd jstc hgiudmlcl. [QMM.

Jn pujong tmjdj ud ljrjhkg c tjdjr y pgrtcr crics pcrc nc ljajdsc hgiðd. ] pujstg quj jd tmjipg lj pcz ngs j`írhmtgs sgd pjnmbrgsgs pcrc nc nmojrtcl, dg ljojrãd sjr hgstjclgs smd jn hgdsjdtmimjdtg ljn ørbcdg njbmsnctmvg5 y jn pgljr imnmtcr sj icdtjdlrã smjiprj oc`g udc jstrmhtc suogrlmdchmød c nc cutgrmlcl hmvmn y sjrã bgojrdclg pgr ístc. [QMMM. Zd rjhujrlg arjhujdtj lj ngs prmdhmpmgs audlcijdtcnjs lj nc Hgdstmtuhmød y udc

hgdstcdtj c ngs prmdhmpmgs ljdjhjscrmgs pmjlcl, `ustmhmc, igljrchmød, tjipncdzc, mdlustrmc yclkjrjdhmc arubcnmlcl sgd cosgnutcijdtj pcrc hgdsjrvcr ngs ojdjamhmgs lj

 

Kmstgrmc ljn Hgdstmtuhmgdcnmsig Cijrmhcdg Nums Brcu Bøijz / Icdujn Icrtédjz Djmrc nc nmojrtcl y pcrc icdtjdjr ud bgomjrdg nmorj. Jd hgdsjhujdhmc, jn pujong ljojrã prjstcr pcrtmhuncr ctjdhmød c tglgs jsgs prmdhmpmgs cn jnjbmr c sus gamhmcnjs y rjprjsjdtcdtjs. ] tmjdj ljrjhkg c jxmbmr c sus njbmsnclgrjs y icbmstrclgs su jstrmhtc y hgdstcdtj gosjrvcdhmc cn lmhtcr y j`jhutcr ncs njyjs djhjscrmcs pcrc nc oujdc climdmstrchmød lj nc hgiudmlcl. [M[.

Jn pujong tmjdj ud ljrjhkg c rjudmrsj jd agric grljdclc y pchéamhc pcrc ljhmlmr sgorj jn omjd hgiðd, pcrc lcr mdstruhhmgdjs c sus rjprjsjdtcdtjs y pcrc sgnmhmtcr cn hujrpg njbmsnctmvg, ijlmcdtj ijigrmcnjs, pjtmhmgdjs g prgtjstcs, nc rjpcrchmød lj ngs lcógs quj sj njs kcyc hcusclg y lj ncs md`ustmhmcs quj kcycd suarmlg. [[.

Jn pgljr lj suspjdljr g j`jhutcr ncs njyjs søng ljojrã sjr j`jrhmlg pgr jn ørbcdg njbmsnctmvg g pgr udc cutgrmlcl ljrmvclc lj ín, quj ng j`jrhjrã søng jd cqujnngs hcsgs pcrtmhuncrjs quj jn ørbcdg njbmsnctmvg ng kcyc am`clg jxprjscijdtj. [[M. Nc nmojrtcl lj ljnmojrchmød, lj pcncorc y lj ljoctj jd hucnqumjrc lj ncs hãicrcs ljn pgljr njbmsnctmvg js tcd jsjdhmcn pcrc UprgtjbjrY ngs ljrjhkgs ljn pujong quj dg pujlj sjr nc hcusc lj dmdbudc chuschmød g pjrsjhuhmød, chhmød g quj`c, cdtj dmdbðd gtrg trmoudcn dm nubcr cnbudg. [[MM.

Jn ørbcdg njbmsnctmvg ljojrã rjudmrsj arjhujdtjijdtj, sjbðd ng jxm`c jn omjd hgiðd, pcrc nc rjpcrchmød lj md`ustmhmcs, pcrc hgrrjbmr, rjagrzcr y hgdamricr ncs njyjs  y pcrc lmhtcr lmh tcr dujvcs njyjs. [[MMM.

Dmdbðd mipujstg, hcrbg, mipgsmhmød, tcsc g ljrjhkgs ljojrãd sjr jstconjhmlgs, am`clgs, mipujstgs g rjhculclgs oc`g dmdbðd prjtjxtg smd jn hgdsjdtmimjdtg ljn pujong g lj sus rjprjsjdtcdtjs jd jn ørbcdg njbmsnctmvg.

[[MQ .

Ncs njyjs lmhtclcs pcrc hcstmbcr chhmgdjs hgijtmlcs cdtjs lj nc jxmstjdhmc lj tcnjs njyjs, y quj dg kcd smlg ljhncrclcs ljnmtgs pgr njyjs prjhjljdtjs, sgd md`ustcs, gprjsmvcs j mdhgdsmstjdtjs hgd ngs prmdhmpmgs audlcijdtcnjs lj ud bgomjrdg nmorj.

[[Q .

Dmdbðd hmulclcdg, jd dmdbðd hcsg g jd dmdbðd igijdtg, pglrã sjr ljhncrclg pgr jn pgljr njbmsnctmvg hunpconj lj trcmhmød g ajngdéc.

[[QM.

Dmdbðd icbmstrclg g trmoudcn lj ljrjhkg jxmbmrã amcdzcs g bcrcdtécs jxhjsmvcs, mipgdlrã iuntcs jxhjsmvcs, g mdanmbmrã mdanmbmrã hcstmbgs hrujnjs g mdusucnjs. [[QMM.

Jd tmjipg lj pcz dmdbðd sgnlclg sjrã chucrtjnclg jd udc hcsc smd jn hgdsjdtmimjdtg lj su prgpmjtcrmg5 y jd tmjipg lj bujrrc tcnjs chucrtjncimjdtgs søng sj kcrãd pgr Ugrljd ljnY icbmstrclg hmvmn UyY jd nc agric grljdclc pgr jn ørbcdg njbmsnctmvg. [[QMMM .

icdlctg ljng ørbcdg njbmsnctmvg, pjrsgdc jd dmdbðd Xcnvg hcsg cpgr nc njy icrhmcn c dmdbðd hcstmbg g dmdbudc pjdc sjbðd lmhkcsjrã njy,sgijtmlc jxhjptg ngs rjhnutclgs jd jn j`írhmtg y nc icrmdc y jxhjptg ngs imnmhmcdgs jd sjrvmhmg chtmvg. [[M[.

Js jsjdhmcn pcrc nc hgdsjrvchmød lj ngs ljrjhkgs lj tglg mdlmvmlug, lj su vmlc, nmojrtcl, prgpmjlcl y kgdgr, quj sj kcbc udc mdtjrprjtchmød mipcrhmcn lj ncs njyjs y lj nc climdmstrchmød lj nc `ustmhmc. Js jn ljrjhkg lj tglg hmulclcdg sjr `uzbclg pgr  `ujhjs tcd nmorjs, mipcrhmcnjs mipcrhmc njs j mdljpjdlmjdtjs mdljpjdlmjdt js hgig ng pjrimtc nc dcturcnjzc kuicdc. Vgr ng tcdtg, dg søng js nc ij`gr pgnétmhc, smdg quj, pcrc nc bcrcdtéc lj ngs ljrjhkgs ljn pujong y lj tglg hmulclcdg, ngs `ujhjs ljn trmoudcn `ulmhmcn suprjig ljojrãd icdtjdjr sus hcrbgs imjdtrcs su hgipgrtcimjdtg sjc oujdg y tjdlrãd sujnlgs kgdgrconjs ljtjrimdclgs y am`clgs pgr njyjs jshrmtcs. [[[.

Jd jn bgomjrdg lj jstc Hgiudmlcl, jn ljpcrtcijdtg njbmsnctmvg dudhc j`jrhjrã ngs pgljrjs j`jhutmvgs y `ulmhmcnjs, g cnbudg lj jnngs5 jn j`jhutmvg dudhc j`jrhjrã ngs pgljrjs njbmsnctmvgs y `ulmhmcnjs, g cnbudg lj jnngs5 jn `ulmhmcn dudhc j`jrhjrã ngs pgljrjs y j`jhutmvgs, g cnbudg lj jnngs, pcrc quj csé sjc ud bgomjrdg lj njyjs y dgnjbmsnctmvgs lj kgiorjs.

 

Kmstgrmc ljn Hgdstmtuhmgdcnmsig Cijrmhcdg Nums Brcu Bøijz / Icdujn Icrtédjz Djmrc Xjbudlc pcrtj Jn icrhg lj bgomjrdg Jn pujong quj kcomtc jn tjrrmtgrmg cdtjrmgrijdtj ljdgimdclg Vrgvmdhmc lj nc Ockéc lj Icsschkusjtts, pgr nc prjsjdtj chujrlc jdtrj sé, sgnjidj y iutucijdtj, grbcdmzcrsj jd ud hujrpg-pgnétmhg nmorj, sgojrcdg j mdljpjdlmjdtj mdljpjdlmjdtj ljdgimdclg nc Hgiudmlcl lj Icsschkusjtts. Hcpétung M ‘ Jn pgljr njbmsnctmvg Xjhhmød M ‘ Nc Hgrtj Bjdjrcn  Crtéhung M. Jn ljpcrtcijdtg njbmsnctmvg jstcrã agriclg pgr lgs rcics, ud  Xjdclg  y udc Hãicrc lj _jprjsjdtcdtjs _jprjsjdtcdtjs55 hclc udc tjdlrã vjtg sgorj nc gtrc. U...Y Hcpétung MM‘ Jn pgljr j`jhutmvg Xjhhmød M ‘ Jn bgojrdclgr  Crtéhung M. Kcorã ud suprjig icbmstrclg j`jhutmvg, quj sj ljdgimdcrã0 jn bgojrdclgr lj nc Hgiudmlcl lj Icsschkusjtts5 y huyg tétung sjrã0 su Jxhjnjdhmc. U...Y Hcpétung MMM ‘ Jn pgljr @ulmhmcn M

 Crtéhung . Jn pjrmglg ljjstcrã pjricdjdhmc quj pgr njy\glgs tjdlrãd ngs gamhmcnjs hgimsmgdclgs, rjhgbmlgjd jdsus sushcrbgs, dgiorcimjdtgs. ngs tglgs gamhmcnjs  `ulmhmcnjs ljomlci ljomlcijdtj jdtj dgiorclgs, dgiorcl gs, hgimsmgdclgs hgimsm gdclgs y `urclgs ghupcrãd sus hcrbgs imjdtrcs icdtjdbcd oujd hgipgrtcimjdtg jxhjptg pcrc ngs quj sj prjvjc cnbg lmajrjdtj jd jstc Hgdstmtuhmød5 tjdmjdlg jd hujdtc, smd jiocrbg, quj jn bgojrdclgr, hgd nc cprgochmød ljn Hgdsj`g, pglrã ljstmtumrngs udc vjz ng kcycd pjlmlg ciocs hãicrcs ljn pgljr njbmsnctmvg. U...Y Hcpétung v ‘ Nc Zdmvjrsmlcl lj Hciormlbj, y jn agijdtg lj nc nmtjrcturc, jth. Xjhhmød M ‘ Nc Zdmvjrsmlcl  Crtéhung M. Hgdsmljrcdlg quj yc jd jn cóg lj 3181, dujstrgs scomgs y pégs cdtjpcsclgs hgnghcrgd ngs hmimjdtgs lj nc Zdmvjrsmlcl lj Kcrvcrl, jd nc quj, pgr nc brchmc lj Lmgs, iuhkcs pjrsgdcs lj brcd prjstmbmg kcd smlg mdmhmclcs jd ncs crtjs y ncs hmjdhmcs, ng quj njs kc hcpchmtclgquj pcrc jipnjgs jd nc mbnjsmc hgigoujdc jd jn jstclg5 y hgdsmljrcdlg jn ngs agijdtg lj pðonmhgs, ncs crtjs ytcdtg ncs hmjdhmcs y lj tglc nmtjrcturc tmjdlj c nc bngrmc lj Lmgs, jn prgbrjsg lj nc rjnmbmød hrmstmcdc y jn icygr  ojdjamhmg lj jstj y lj ngs ljiãs Jstclgs Jstclg s Zdmlgs lj Ciírmhc ‘ sj ljhncrc quj jn Vrjsmljdtj y Xghmgs lj nc Zdmvjrsmlcl lj Kcrvcrl, jd su hcnmlcl hgrpgrctmvc, y sus suhjsgrjs jd jsc imsic hcnmlcl, UyY sus gamhmcnjs y sjrvmlgrjs, tjdlrãd, gstjdtcrãd, uscrãd, j`jrhjrãd y lmsarutcrãd tglcs ncs pgtjstcljs, cutgrmlcl, ljrjhkgs, nmojrtcljs, prmvmnjbmgs, mdiudmlcljs y hgdhjsmgdjs quj ckgrc tmjdjd g tmjdjd ljrjhkg c tjdjr, gstjdtcr, uscr, j`jrhjr y lmsarutcr, y ngs imsigs sj njs rctmamhcd y hgdamricd pcrc smjiprj c lmhkgs Vrjsmljdtj y Xghmgs lj nc Zdmvjrsmlcl lj Kcrvcrl, c sus suhjsgrjs y c sus gamhmcnjs y sjrvmlgrjs, rjspjhtmvcijdtj. rjspjhtmvcijdtj. U...Y (Jn lghuijdtg hgipnjtg sj pujlj jdhgdtrcr jd Brcu ?66=, vgn. MMM, pp. 8;=-