Confined Space Entry Training
Short Description
c s e...
Description
Confined Space Entry Training HSE
l a b o l G s u m m u 1 L 0 / B 2 / B 5 A -
ABB Lummus Global Americas
l a b o l G s u m m u 1 L 0 / B 2 / B 5 A -
Key Messages
Planning
Preparation
Training
Why we are here ? LALCO require that all employees who must enter into confined spaces receive training as to the hazards, procedures and equipment required to do so safely.
At the end of this session you will be familiar with the hazards and requirements requirements of “safe” confined space entry. l a b o l G s u m m u 1 L 0 / B 2 / B 5 A -
Confined Space can be deadly!
l a b o l G s u m m u 1 L 0 / B 2 / B 5 A -
On average, work in confined space kills 15 people in UK every year.
In addition, a number of people are seriously injured.
Untrained rescuers account for 60% of annually deaths in US!
What is confined space ?
Is large enough and so configured that an employee can enter bodily and perform work;
Has limited or restricted means of entry or exit, like vessels, tanks, pipes, excavation more than 1.2m deep.
l a b o l G s u m m u 1 L 0 / B 2 / B 5 A -
Is not designed for continuous human occupancy. occupancy.
Confined Space Tanks or Vessels
l a b o l G s u m m u 1 L 0 / B 2 / B 5 A -
Limited Openings for Entry / Exit
l a b o l G s u m m u 1 L 0 / B 2 / B 5 A -
•
Openings as small as 18 inches in diameter.
•
Difficult to enter with SCBA or other life-saving equipment.
•
Difficult to remove downed worker in folded up or bent over position.
•
Exit from large openings may be difficult due to presence of ladders, hoists, etc.
•
Safety harnesses must be worn while working in a confined space
Confined Spaces Can Be Very Small
l a b o l G s u m m u 1 L 0 / B 2 / B 5 A -
Hazards of Confined Spaces
•
Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres < 19.5 %
•
Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres > 23.5 %
•
Flammable Atmospheres
•
Toxic Atmospheres
•
Engulfment Hazards
•
Physical hazards :Noise, Wet Surfaces, Falling Objects
l a b o l G s u m m u 1 L 0 / B 2 / B 5 A -
Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres
19.5 %
Minimum acceptable oxygen level.
15 - 19% Early symptoms are decreased ability to work strenuously and impair coordination.
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 0
12-14%
Respiration increases. Poor judgment.
10-12%
Respiration increases. Lips blue.
8-10%
Mental failure. Fainting. Nausea Unconsciousness. Vomiting.
6-8%
8 minutes - fatal, 6 minutes - 50% fatal 4-5 minutes - possible recovery.
4-6%
Coma in 40 seconds. Death
Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres
CO2
O2
Oxygen deficiency can be caused by several processes:
Consumption: oxygen is used up by the person who is in the confined space and turned into carbon dioxide. O2
Displacement: denser materials push the oxygen out of the occupied space.
CO2 H20
CO2
NOx CO
O2
Reaction:
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 1
oxygen is reacted with other materials to make other compounds.
fuel
Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres •
Oxygen level above 23.5 %.
•
Causes flammable and combustible materials to burn violently when ignited.
•
Hair, clothing, materials, etc.
•
Oil soaked clothing and materials.
•
Never use pure oxygen to ventilate.
•
Never store or place compressed oxygen tanks in a confined space.
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 2
Flammable Atmospheres
•
•
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 3
2 Critical Factors:
Oxygen content in the air.
Presence of a flammable gas, or vapor more than 10% of it’s LEL.
Typical Ignition Sources:
Sparking or electric tool.
Welding / cutting operations.
Smoking
Toxic Atmospheres Presence of any acutely hazardous substance in an atmospheric concentration above the Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL). See MSDS.
Presence of dust at a concentration that obscure vision at a distance of 5 feet (1.5m) or less.
ASPHYXIATION IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN CONFINED SPACES
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 4
Toxic Atmospheres •
•
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 5
•
Products stored in a confined space:
Gases released when cleaning.
Materials absorbed into walls of confined space.
Decomposition of materials in the confined space.
Work performed in a confined space:
Welding, cutting, brazing, soldering.
Painting, scraping, sanding, degreasing.
Sealing, bonding, melting.
External hazards adjacent to a confined space, such as combustion engines.
Heat Stress Heat stress is caused by a combination of factors, such as environmental, work load and clothing factors. The environmental factors include heat or solar load, air movement and humidity. Heat-related illnesses which include heat rash, heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stroke, are the effects of over exposure to heat.
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 6
Heat stroke is the most serious heat-related injury with high risk of death, and heat exhaustion is the most common seen heat-related injury.
Physical Hazards •
•
•
Noise
Amplified due to acoustics within the space.
Damaged hearing, affect communication.
Slick / Wet Surfaces
Slips and falls.
Increased chance of electric shock.
Falling Objects
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 7
•
Elevated work activities expose workers inside confined space to falling objects.
Electricity
Use 12V supply for lighting.
All electrical circuits shall be GFI protected.
Categorizing Confined Space * Space large enough to enter &; * Limited or Restricted entry or exit &; * Not designed for continuous human occupancy.
YES
NO
Not a confined Space
Confined Space
PermitHazardous Atmosphere
Required Confined l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 8
Space
YES
Or Engulfment Hazard Or Configuration Hazard Or Any other recognized serious hazard
NO
Non Permit Required Confined Space
Permit-Required Confined Space A Permit-Required Confined Space is confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics:
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 9
Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere;
Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant;
Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could become trapped or asphyxiated; or
Contains any other serious safety or health hazard.
Engulfment
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 0
Non-Permit Confined Space
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 1
A confined space that does not contain or, with respect to atmospheric hazards, does not have the potential to contain any hazard capable of causing death of serious physical harm.
Definitions
ENTRANT : The employee who will physically enter the confined space.
ATTENDANT : The employee who remains outside the confined space and monitors the entrant(s); guards the space against unauthorized entry; warns the entrants of any unusual conditions; and summons the rescue personnel if needed.
ENTRY SUPERVISOR : The employee responsible for coordinating the entry into the confined space. This must be a team leader or foreman.
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 2
ENTRY
Any part of the body passing through the opening is considered entry.
Confined space entry is allowed only through :
Permit -required confined space.
Non-permit confined space.
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 3
Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Procedure
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 4
Isolate the space
Test the atmosphere
Purging, flushing or Ventilating the space
Complete the permit
Job Planning & Safety Analysis & Review of MSDS .
Enter the space.
Isolate the Space from all hazards
Clos e Valves
E m p t y t h e Sp a c e
L o c k o u t /T ag o u t E q u i p m e n t
Electrical sources
pipe, line or duct
Mechan ical hazard s
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 5
Depressurize, vent & drain
Rotating/reciprocating parts
Clean resid ue from the space
washing of all possible contaminants
Test of The atmosphere
Refer to MSDS lists to determine which chemicals are present in a confined space.
Check for Oxygen Content:
Check for Combustibles:
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 6
At least 19.5% and less than 23.5% 0% of the LEL is Yanpet standard
Check for Toxic Gasses:
Most commonly carbon monoxide (PEL < 35 ppm)
or any other hazardous materials as determined by the use of the space.
Always test the air at various levels to be sure that the entire space is safe.
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 7
Good air near the opening does NOT mean there is good air at the bottom!
Good Air
CO
H2S, CO2
Poor Air
Deadly Air
The coating contains solvents, solvents are heavier than air and may spread along floors
Ventilate the space
Use mech anical ventilation
Venti late at th e rate o f at least 25 air c h a n g e p er h o u r
Larger spaces require more ventilation
M ak e s u r e a ir s u p p l y i s n o t c o n t a m i n at ed
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 8
Fan
Ventilation air supply must be from fresh air uncontaminated with flammables, toxins, etc.
Ventilation & Body Harness
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 9
Safety First in Confined Spaces
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 0
Ventilation is necessary when :
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 1
When the air contains too little oxygen.
When the air contains too much oxygen.
The air is too flammable.
The air is toxic.
Oxygen deficiency may occur due to hot work or chemical reaction.
Begin ventilating well in advance of any entry.
Test the atmosphere in advance of any entry.
Ventilate as long as entrants are in space.
Placement of warning signs
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 2
Place warning signs where they can be seen. Signs must state the hazard and the required action..
DANGER DANGER CONFINED SPACE PERMIT Confined Space REQUIRED
Authorized Personnel Only AUTHORIZED PRSONNELONLY
Complete Entry Permit Form
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 3
No entry is allowed without a valid permit.
Permit must be correctly and completely filled out prior to entry.
The duration of the permit may not exceed the time allotted on the permit.
Permit must be activated by Entry Supervisor’s.
Complete Entry Permit Form
The Entry Supervisor shall terminate entry and cancel work operations : when the entry operations are completed, when a condition that is not allowed under the entry permit arises in or near the confined space or, when an unauthorized entry of a Vessel/Confined Space occurs.
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 4
Barricades
Barriers to prevent passersby and the curious from falling into the opening must be installed. And also to protect entrants from external hazards.
Holes and openings must be closed or guarded when not attended.
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 5
Conduct JPSA Briefing
E n t i r e c r e w m u s t a tt en d
Attendants, Entrants and Entry Supervisor
R ev i e w h a zar d s o f e n t r y a n d w o r k (J P SA )
Review PPE
R ev i e w p r o c e d u r e f o r c o n t a c t i n g r e s c u e
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 6
verify rescue available before entry is allowed
C o m p l et e p er m i t REMEMB ER: SOMEONES L IFE MA Y B E IN YOUR HANDS!
PPE
Eye protection :
Hand protection :
Coveralls which cover all body, arms and legs.
Respirators:
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 7
Gloves of an appropriate material should be worn.
Skin Protection :
Wear safety eyewear as per job requirement.
Use Air-Purifying Respirators or Air-Supplying Respirators depending on the nature of work and atmosphere .
Respirators •
Air-Purifying Respirators
•
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 8
Filters dangerous substances from the air. You must know what hazardous substance are present in the confined space. NEVER use an APR in oxygen deficient confined spaces!
Air-Supplying Respirators
Deliver a safe supply of breathing air from a tank or an uncontaminated source.
Must be adequately monitored.
Enter to space and proceed with job
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 9
An attendant shall be posted at the entrance. He shall be in constant communication with the entrants while the job is in progress.
All entrants shall sign the sign in log before entering the space and sign out when exiting the confined space.
The attendant shall maintain the permit and sign in log for the duration of the work.
PERIODIC RE-TESTING
Prior to every entry when the space is vacant;
After a 10 minute ventilation period (if ventilation is necessary);
At least 4 hour for permit-required confined spaces.
More frequently, if conditions or suspicions warrant.
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 0
NOTICE
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 1
Any time a limit is exceeded, no matter what the reason, all personnel shall immediately exit the space, and no others shall enter until atmospheric conditions are returned to safe levels.
THERE ARE NO EXCEPTIONS TO THIS!
Was The Tank Tested?
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 2
When the job is done
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 3
Remove all personnel, tools, and debris from the space. Sign off the log.
Close the space.
Cancel the permit.
Review the job with the client (hazards, problems, other employers, etc.).
Entrant Responsibilities
Know the hazards faced during entry including warnings and consequences. Understand MSDS.
To assure that the space has been adequately ventilated, isolated, emptied, or otherwise made safe for entry.
To communicate with the attendant as necessary and immediately exit a space, when advised by the attendant, no matter what the reason.
To follow all safety rules and procedures that apply to the job.
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 4
Proper use of PPE.
Attendant/Hole Watch
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 5
Attendant Responsibilities
To know the potentials hazards of the confined space.
To monitor entrants during the job and during entry & exit to help insure their safety.
The attendant may not abandon his post for any reason while personnel are in the space unless relieved by another qualified attendant.
To monitor atmospheric conditions in the space prior to and during entry.
To communicate with authorized entrants as necessary and to alert entrants of need to evacuate.
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 6
To control access to the confined space.
Attendant Responsibilities
To assess hazards in and around the space, and take actions.
Orders entrants to evacuate when:
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 7
Detecting a prohibited condition ( ventilation).
There is a change from the initial conditions.
Detecting a situation outside the space that may endanger the authorized entrants ( storms, etc.)
Communication interrupted or difficult to maintain.
To summon emergency assistance as needed. To keep records of confined space work, such as air test results, personnel entry/exit, etc.
Supervisor Responsibilities
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 8
To assure adequate protection is provided to the entrants by verifying adequate lockout / tagout and that all hazards are securely isolated.
To ensure that necessary permits are complete and the MSDS are attached to the permit as needed.
To ensure required tests have been performed.
To ensure equipment required by permits is in place
To support the attendant’s authority in controlling access to a confined space.
Supervisor Responsibilities
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 9
To assure that all personnel involved are aware of the hazards associated with the space.
To assure that emergency services are available prior to entry and ensure they are known to attendants and entrants.
To verify that all personnel have exited prior to closing the space.
To terminate and cancel permits.
Rescue & Emergency Services
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 0
Means of emergency rescue must be readily available to the confined space entry attendant for emergency extrication of entrants.
Rescue & Emergency Services RESCUE TYPES :
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 1
Horizontal : Entry rescue
Vertical : Non-entry rescue
ENTRY RESCUES
SAFELINE
SAFELINE
NON- ENTRY RESCUES
Rescue & Emergency Services
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 2
A means must be provided for both safe normal entry or exit , and emergency extrication. Tripods with hoist, lifeline, and full body harness are often used for emergency extrication.
First Aid measures
In all case of doubt, or when
symptoms persist, seek medical attention.
Never give anything by mouth to
an unconscious person.
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 3
Inhalation :
Remove to fresh air, keep patient warm and at rest.
Seek immediate medical attention.
Give nothing by mouth.
l a b o l G s u m 1 m u 0 L / 2 / B 5 B A 4
View more...
Comments
