Conectividad Vial y Su Contribución Al Sistema Logístico de Panamá Es
April 12, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Dojmdtkvklgl vkge y su dojtrk`udkôj ge skstmhg eoaèstkdo lm ^gjghç
@mjmcdkos lm egs hmforgs lm eg dojmdtkvklgl vkge mj eg eoaèstkdg lm gpoyo ge smdtor garopmdugrko6
Hgjume Polrkaumz ^ordme Pmkjgelo Ckorgvgjtk Hgrmekg Hgrtkjmz
]jg pmrspmdtkvg lmslm egs dglmjgs lm suhkjkstros. 7
^roarghg Gpoyo ge Lmsgrroeeo lm eg Dojmdtkvklgl \mrrktorkge lm eg Pmakôj Dmjtrge y Oddklmjtge lm ^gjghç, ^J-E777=)
04
Ckaurg 2. Dohpojmjtm Dohpojmjtmss lme skstmhg eoaèsdo lm eg zojg lm kjumjdkg lme mfm vkge
02
Ckaurg ;. ^ropordkôj lm eg po`egdkô po`egdkôj j rurge mdojôhkdg mdojôhkdghmjtm hmjtm gdvg lmlkdglg g eg garkdueturg garkdueturg. 0>7>
=>
Ckaurg 7>. Suejmrg`keklgl lme smdtor garèdoeg ge dgh`ko dekhçdo. 0>7<
=7 =
Èjlkdm lm arçdgs Arçdg 7. Mxpeotgdk Mxpeotgdkojms ojms lm grroz por provkjdkg y dohgrdg
0>
Arçdg 0. ^roluddkôj lm poeeo. Tgdrkdko lm ujklglms (hkeeojms lm ujklglms) 0>>2-7>01
07
Arçdg 4. Dgjlgl lm proymdtos por provkjdkg. 0>73-0>71
00
Èjlkdm lm msqumhgs Msqumhg 7. Dglmjg eoaèsdg lme grroz
0;
Msqumhg 0. Dglmjg eoaèsdg lme hgèz
4>
Msqumhg 4. Dglmjg eoaèsdg lme peçtgjo
47
Msqumhg 70< \ojmeglgs lm Pmakstro @ruto
1
Pmsuhmj Mfmdutkvo Pmakôj Dmjtrge y Oddklmjtge lm ^gjghç‘ gpoyglo por me @gjdo
Eg ocmrtg eoaèsdg lm eg zojg lm kjumjdkg lme proymdto ms lkvmrsg. Eg hkshg kjdeuym me mfm lme proymdto, kjstgegdkojms
Kjtmrghmrkdgjo lm Lmsgrroeeo, dojdmjtrg sus mscumrzos mj eg
portugrkgs lmlkdglgs g gtmjlmr eg gdtkvklgl pmsqumrg y me
dojmdtkvklgl lme sur lm eg provkjdkg lm Smr Smrgaugs, gaugs, dgrgdtmrkzglg
hmrdglo lm g`gstos lm ^gjghç, me prkjdkpge lmstkjo lm
por eg mxkstmjdkg uj smdtor garopmdugrko podo lkjçhkdo qum
eos proludtos. Glkdkojgehmjtm mxkstmj kjcrgmstrudturgs
sm vm gcmdtglo kaugehmjtm por eg rmdurrmjdkg lm lmsgstrms
mspmdkgekzglgs pgrg me gdopko lm proludtos agjglmros y
jgturgems. Eg opmrgdkôj tkmjm mjtrm sus o`fmtkvos dojtrk`ukr g
pmsqumros, emdbm, grroz y hgèz. Mj dugjto g eos smrvkdkos,
eg hmforg mj me smdtor eoaèstkdg lm dgrags y eg prmsmjtm Jotg
lmstgdgj eos smrvkdkos lm trgjsportm tmrrmstrm y hgrètkho,
\ëdjkdg prmsmjtg me g`orlgfm utkekzglo pgrg dugjtkdgr eos
mj pgrtkduegr me dg`otgfm mjtrm ^umrto Hutks y Sklge. Eos
`mjmdkos m khpgdtos potmjdkgems mj me smdtor doho rmsuetglo
smrvkdkos eoaèstkdos sm codgekzgj mj eoaèstkdg post-dosmdbg
lme hmforghkmjto vkge mj mstg çrmg.
`rkjlglos mj dmjtros lm gdopko, gsè doho smrvkdkos pujtugems
Me proarghg lm ―Gpoyo g eg Dojmdtkvklgl \mrrktorkge lm eg
lm gehgdmjghkmjto. Me proarghg kjtmrvkmjm so`rm uj mfm vkge lm eg rml smdujlgrkg lm Hgrkgto, Tgjtkgao y Gtgegyg, dojmdtgjlo egs dkulglms lm
Egs dglmjgs eoaèsdgs mj me çrmg lm kjumjdkg lme proymdto soj mj amjmrge dglmjgs dortgs. Lglo qum eg hgyor pgrtm
Hgrkgto, Wum`rô y Gtgegyg doj Tgjtkgao lm Smrgaugs, eg dgpktge
lm egs hkshgs dorrmspojlmj g proludtos mj arglo vgrkg`em
lm eg provkjdkg. Me çrmg lm kjumjdkg lme mfm g`grdg pgrtm lm egs
pmrmdmlmros — g mxdmpdkôj lme grroz y me dgcë -, ge kauge qum
provkjdkgs lm Bmrrmrg y Eos Tgjtos.
mj argj pgrtm proludtos `çskdos kjlkcmrmjdkglos lm vgeor
mj eg provkjdkg lm Smrgaugs qum trgjsdurrm por eos lkstrktos
rmegtkvghmjtm `gfo. Eg mstgdkojgeklgl lm eos proludtos
Eg gdvklgl mdojôhkdg prmlohkjgjtm mj me çrmg lm kjumjdkg
garèdoegs amjmrg ujg prmskôj glkdkojge mj eg cgsm lm eoaèstkdg
lme proymdto ms eg gdvklgl garèdoeg, pmdugrkg y pmsqumrg. Mjtrm eos proludtos garèdoegs lmstgdgj me grroz, hgèz, dgcë, crutgs — pgehg lm dodo, `gjgjo, pkx`gm, pk÷g, jgrgjfg, peçtgjo, pgpgyg augjç`gjg, hgjao y hgrgduyç — dgsk tolg lmstkjglg mj eg gdtugeklgl ge dojsuho jgdkojge y mj `umjg pgrtm kjtmargjtms
lm lkstrk`udkôj pgrg qum eos proludtos eemaumj g eos hmrdglos lm lmstkjo. Eos proludtos pmdugrkos y gvèdoegs por su pgrtm,
lm eg dgjgstg `çskdg. Eg agjglmrèg lm dgrjm vgdujo y pordkjo, gsè
proludto y prmsmrvgr eg dglmjg lm crèo. Mstm jo ms me dgso lm eg
doho eg proluddkôj lm poeeos soj tgh`këj ru`ros khportgjtms,
hgyor pgrtm lm eg proluddkôj pmsqumrg lmstkjglg ge hmrdglo
dohpemhmjtglos por eg agjglmrèg lm emdbm. Ckjgehmjtm,
jgdkojge, mj qum eos proludtorms qum jo eoargj hgjtmjmr ujg
lmstgdg eg pmsdg mj eg dostg lme ^gdèdo lm eg provkjdkg, doho
dglmjg lm crèo glmduglg mstçj o`ekaglos g vmjlmr su proludto
otrg gdtkvklgl khportgjtm, dojstktuklg por eg pmsdg grtmsgjge
g prmdko hmjor g j lm ekhktgr egs përlklgs.
lmstkjglg ge hmrdglo jgdkojge y eg pmsdg kjlustrkge lm mspmdkms pgrg proludkr bgrkjg y gdmktm lm pmsdglo, gsè doho pgrg me dojsuho lkrmdto. Eg gdtkvklgl garèdoeg y pmdugrkg sm eemvg g dg`o mj mxpeotgdkojms lm tghg÷o rmegtkvghmjtm pmqum÷o.
2
tkmjmj dglmjgs hçs mstg`ems mj tërhkjos lm lkstrk`udkôj tmhporge lm eg proluddkôj, doj dkrduktos lm lkstrk`udkôj qum kjdeuymj kjstgegdkojms glgptglgs g agrgjtkzgr eg kjoduklgl lme
ME G@OPLGFM HM\OLOEÔAKDO DOJ\MH^EÔ6
7. Klmjtkdgdkôj lm egs gdtkvklglms mdojôhkdgs susdmptk`ems lm amjmrgr ufos lm `kmjms Dgrgdtmrkzgdkôj dkôj lm eg ocmrtg 0. Dgrgdtmrkzg eoaèstkdg6 kjcrgmstrudturg kjcrgmstrudturg y smrvkdkos lm trgjsportm y eoaèstkdg Eg ocmrtg gdtuge lm trgjsportm y eoaèsdg qum skrvm g egs dglmjgs proludtorgs lme çrmg lm kjumjdkg lme proymdto ms rmegvghmjtm prmdgrkg y me proymdto vkge dojtrk`ukrç mj argj hmlklg g rmludkr eos dostos eoaèsdos gsodkglos gsod kglos ge trgjsportm, ge hmforgr dgpgdklgl lme mfm y guhmjtgr su rmskstmjdkg gjtm mvmjtos dekhçdos. Dgsk tolos eos proludtos soj huy susdmptk`ems g eos dostos lm trgjsportm mj vkrtul `kmj smg lm su
Dgrgdtmrkzgdkôj dkôj lm eg lmhgjlg6 4. Dgrgdtmrkzg mstrudturg y pgtrojms lm egs dglmjgs eoaèstkdgs 70< (^JEOA), ^gjghç dojcrojtg
Dbkrkquè, kjvmrskojms qum kjdeuymj hmlklgs lm smaurklgl vkge,
pro`emhgs smvmros lm dojmdtkvklgl mj su rml lm trgjsportm mj me
glgptgdkôj g mcmdtos lm lmsgstrms jgturgems y pegjms lm hgjmfo
kjtmrkor lme pgès, eo qum gcmdtg me lmsgrroeeo mdojôhkdo mdojôhkdo y sodkge lm
gh`kmjtge y sodkge9 y `usdg dojsoeklgr me mfm prkjdkpge qum skrvm g
egs prkjdkpgems zojgs doj potmjdkge drmdkhkmjto, mspmdkgehmjtm mspmdkgehmjtm mj
çrmgs lm geto potmjdkge proludtkvo, doj me j lm agrgjtkzgr ujg
eos smdtorms garopmdugrko y turèstkdo. Eg cgetg lm dojmdtkvklgl lm eg
dojmxkôj tmrrmstrm mdkmjtm y dojg`em eos 43= lègs lme g÷o, qum
rml lm trgjsportm rmprmsmjtg ujg `grrmrg pgrg qum me pgès pumlg
cgdkektm me gddmso lm proludtorms g eos dmjtros lm proluddkôj,
kjtmargr me rmsto lm eg mdojohèg g egs gdtkvklglms dohmrdkgems
dojsuho y dohmrdkgekzgdkôj, dojtrk`uymjlo gsè g eg rmluddkôj
y mdojôhkdgs lmsgrroeeglgs mj eg zojg lme Dgjge lm ^gjghç, y
lm egs gskhmtrègs jgdkojgems y rmakojgems, gsè doho g eg kjsmrdkôj
dojtrk`uym g uj lmsmqukek`rko mj me lmsgrroeeo lm egs lkcmrmjtms
lm proludtos g jumvos hmrdglos0.
rmakojms lme pgès. Doj me j lm soevmjtgr mstg lm`keklgl, me @gjdo Kjtmrghmrkdgjo lm Lmsgrroeeo (@KL) bg mstglo gpoygjlo ge
Gskhksho, egs kjtmrvmjdkojms mj kjcrgmstrudturg eemvglgs g dg`o
Ao`kmrjo lm ^gjghç mj me lmsgrroeeo lm eg dojmdtkvklgl tmrrktorkge
mj ^gjghç y gpoyglgs por me @KL `mjmdkgj y potmjdkgekzgj
mj egs rmakojms lme dmjtro y oddklmjtm lme pgès.
otrgs kjtmrvmjdkojms vkjdueglgs g eg holmrjkzgdkôj y rmcorhg lme smdtor eoaèstkdo, qum tgh`këj bgj sklo gpoyglgs por me @KL
Mj eo qum rmspmdtg g eg gddmsk`keklgl lm zojgs proludtkvgs, me
por hmlko lme ^JEOA prmpgrglo mj 0>7< y por prëstghos lm
proarghg Gpoyo ge Lmsgrroeeo lm eg Dojmdtkvklgl \mrrktorkge
poeètkdgs (^J-E777>/777;/77=7) mjtrm eos g÷os 0>7= y 0>72,
lm eg Pmakôj Dmjtrge y Oddklmjtge lm ^gjghç (^J-E7770707< 0 Gjmxo ―Dojmdtkvklgl ―Dojmdtkvklgl lm çrmgs proludtkvgs y turèstkdgs mj Smrgaugs. Pmakôj Dmjtrge lm ^gjghç. ^roarghg Gpoyo Gpoyo ge Lmsgrroeeo lm eg Dojmdtkvklgl \mrrktorkge lm eg Pmakôj Dmjtrge y Oddklmjtge‘.. ^J-E77.=21,= ih y dumjtg doj 0 mrg lme 41,;% y su tgsg lm lmsmhpemo
Eos Tgjtos.
0
lme 4,1%. Mstg rmakôj dojtrk`uym doj me 0,3% lme ^roludto Kjtmrjo @ruto (^K@) jgdkojge, prkjdkpgehmjtm mj me smdtor garopmdugrko y eg kjlustrkg hgjucgdturmrg.
Doeôj Tgjtkgao
Gtgegyg
^gjghç
^gso Dgjogs
710 ih
Lgvkl Tgjtkgao Bmrrmrg Eos Tgjtos
Hgrkgto Wum`ro
Ckaurg 7. ^rovkjdkg lm Smrgaugs, ^gjghç.
Ckaurg 0. Eodgekzgdkôj lme mfm vkge Gtgygeg-Hgrkgto-Wum`ro.
Cumjtm6 meg`orgdkôj propkg doj `gsm mj khgamj o`tmjklg mj wkikpmlkg.ora
Cumjtm6 meg`orgdkôj propkg doj `gsm mj khgamj o`tmjklg mj Aooaem Hgps.
73
^rovkjdkg lm Smrgaugs ^POSKJDKG LM DOEÔJ
HGP DGPK@M
LTK\PK\O LM TGJ\G CË
DOHGPDG JAÌ@M @]AEË
^POSKJDKG LM DODEË
LTK\PK\O LM DG×GVGT
LTK\PK\O LM TGJ
LTK\PK\O LM DGEO@PM
CPGJDKTDO
^POSKJDKG LM DBKPW]È LTK\PK\O LM EG HMTG
LTK\PK\O LM TGJ\KGAO LKT\PK\O LM EGT ^GEHGT
LKT\PK\O LM TOJÇ
LTK\PK\O LTK\PK\O LM G\GEG[G LMHOJ\]O LTK\PK\O LM PÈO LM FMTÖT ^POSKJDKG LM BMPPMPG
^POSKJDKG LM EOT TGJ\OT
HOJ\KFO
LTK\PK\O LM HGPKG\O
KTEG DË@GDO
KTEG LM DOK@G
ODËGJO ^GDÈCKDO
Gtgegyg
Tgjtkgao
Hgrkgto
Lkstrkto lm eg Hmsg
Tgj Gjtojko
Lkstrkto lm Bmrrmrg
\m`grko
Eg ^m÷g Dgjto lme Eegjo
Eg Pgyg
Tgj ^mlro lme Mspkjo Eos Geagrro`os
Eegjo lm Dgtkvge
Tgj Hgrtèj lm ^orrms Tgjtkgao
Gtgegyg
Lkstrkto lm Gtgegyg Lkstrkto lm Hojtuo
Eg Hojtg÷umeg
Wum`ro
Eg doeorglg
^rovkjdkg lm eos Tgjtos
Lkstrkto lm rèo lm Fmsös Eg Dgrrkeeo Me @grrkto
^ojuag
^rovkjdkg lm Bmrrmrg
Grmjgs
Me Dgdgo
Ckaurg 4. ^rovkjdkg lm Smrgaugs y sus lkstrktos. Cumjtm6 sktko wm` lme Kjstktuto Jgdkojge lm Mstglèstkdg y Dmjso.
Me pumjtm so`rm me rèo Dbkdo sm u`kdg so`rm eg vèg pgjghmrkdg pgjghmrkdgjg jg mj me lkstrkto lm Dbkrkquè, glygdmjtm g eg eodgeklgl Eg Dojdmpdkôj Dojdmpdkôj,, g 0< ih lm Lgvkl y g 7=.
72
D
^ B @ H D [ DG
\mrrmjos gptos pgrg duetkvo \mrrmjos ^k÷g Bortgekzgs @gjgjg Hgèz y grroz Dgcë [udg y pgpg Dg÷g lm gzödgr
Eodgekzgdkôj lm eos prkjdkpgems dmjtros lm proluddkôj pmsqumrg E D
^msdg Egjaostg Dghgrojms (ek`rm) Dghgrojms (duetkvo)
^
^mz dohöj
K. Garkdueturg
jkvme jgdkojge (774 grrofg lgtos lm kjtmrës so`rm eg
Mj 0>77, Dbkrkquè rmakstrô 00.;42 bg smh`rglgs y Dodeë 0=.=24,
gdtkvklgl garèdoeg lm eg provkjdkg lm Smrgaugs. Mj eèjmgs amjmrgems,
mj tgjto qum Smrgaugs rmakstrô 0>.131. Msto rmsuetg mj ujg
pgrg me g÷o lme dmjso, me totge lm proludtorms garopmdugrkos
supmrdkm prohmlko lm mxpeotgdkôj hudbo hmjor mj Smrgaugs
rmakstrglos mj eg provkjdkg gsdmjlèg g 43.3>>
totge jgdkojge, lmspuës lm Dbkrkquè qum rmprmsmjtô me 4>,3%.
bg. Lme totge lm mstg supmrdkm, me hgyor pordmjtgfm mstg`g mhpemglo por eos pgstos trglkdkojgems (7,12 bg), smauklos
Me hmjor tghg÷o prohmlko lm dglg mxpeotgdkôj lm Smrgaugs
lm eos pgstos hmforglos (743.031,2 bg), eos duetkvos tmhporgems
tkmjm mvklmjtmhmjtm rmpmrduskojms mj me skstmhg eoaèstkdo, yg
(.=14,1= bg) y eos duetkvos pmrhgjmjtms (7>> mxpeotgdkojms lm uj totge lm 3>.>>> g jkvme jgdkojge sm dojdmjtrgj gquè, ms lmdkr, me 03,4.32= mxpeotgdkojms (71,177 0>77.. HKLG. ^gjghç. 0>77. < ]j qukjtge ms kauge g dkmj ikeoarghos.
7;
Dgrgdtmrkzgdkôj lm eg zojg lm kjumjdkg lm eos proymdtos
Eg provkjdkg ms gskhksho ujg lm egs prkjdkpgems proludtorgs lm
Eos ru`ros hçs khportgjtms lm duetkvos pmrhgjmjtms proludklos
hgèz lme pgès, doj 71.312 mxpeotgdkojms (03,27% lme totge) y
mj Smrgaugs soj, mj orlmj lmdrmdkmjtm6 pgehg lm dodo, `gjgjo
2,31% lm eg proluddkôj jgdkojge.
o aukjmo, pkx`gm, pk÷g, jgrgjfg, peçtgjo, pgpgyg, augjç`gjg, hgjao y hgrgduyç. Dgsk eg totgeklgl lm eg proluddkôj sm lmstkjg lmstkjg
Mj eo qum rmspmdtg ge dgcë, eg provkjdkg proludm uj pordmjtgfm huy `gfo mj rmegdkôj doj Dbkrkquè, eèlmr jgdkojge lme proludto lm`klo g eg hmforg lm su hkdrodekhg glgptglo ge duetkvo.
ge dojsuho jgdkojge y rmdkmjtmhmjtm `umjg pgrtm lme dojsuho sm bg lkjghkzglo por me turksho jgdkojge, me duge bg dgpturglo argj pgrtm lm eg proluddkôj qum sm lmstkjg`g ge hmrdglo lm mxportgdkôj. Dg`m lmstgdgr qum eg hgyor proluddkôj lm sgjlèg
Otro proludto khportgjtm ms me crkfoe lm `mfudo, mj me duge
lm mxportgdkôj sm rmgekzg mj eg provkjdkg lm Smrgaugs=.
Smrgaugs ms eg smaujlg provkjdkg proludtorg lmspuës lm Dbkrkquè doj me 7;,177. Eg arçdg 7, por
lmdkr, cumrg lme çrmg lm kjumjdkg lme mfm vkge Gtgygeg-Hgrkgto-
mfmhpeo, degrkdg egs mxportgdkojms lm grroz por provkjdkg y por
Wum`ro-Ceorms.
dohgrdg.
Mxpeotgdkojms lm grroz 73.>>>
7>>
70.>>>
7>.>>>
2.>>>
3.>>>
>>
0.>>>
> s g u a g r m S
g e ë d a r g u @ h o m ` D ì a J
ë e d o D
Arçdg 7. Mxpeotgdkojms lm grroz por provkjdkg y dohgrdg. Cumjtm6 Gg. Sv. Dmjso garopmdugrko 0>77. 0>77. HKLG. ^gjghç. 0>77.
= Gg.Sv. Dmjso garopmdugrko 0>77. 0>77. HKLG. ^gjghç. 0>77.
0>
g r m r r m B
ç h g j g ^
s o t j g T s o E
j ë k r g L
è u q k r k b D
j ô e o D
g ç d r r m g ` h h o M D
o r o \ e m l s g d o @
g e g d g r g [ g h o j D u I
Hkeeojms
KK. ^roludtos pmdugrkos
74= 70>
Eg mxkstmjdkg lm argjlms eegjurgs mj eg provkjdkg cgdkektg eg drèg lm vgdujo y pordkjo. Smrgaugs dojtg`g 03> hke dg`mzgs lm agjglo mj 0>7= (71% lme totge jgdkojge). Dbkrkquè, eg provkjdkg eèlmr jgdkojge, rmakstrg`g 400,0 hke (0>,>7%1). 3
7>< 21
;> 1=
7>2
;;
7>=
;7
;<
20 17
10
11
3> 7= >
0>>2 HGP DGPK@M
0>>;
0>7>
0>77
0>70
0>74
0>7<
0>7=
0>73
0>71
Arçdg 0. ^roluddkôj lm poeeo. Tgdrkdko lm ujklglms (hkeeojms lm ujklglms) 0>>2-0>71. Cumjtm6 gjgvkp.ora.
KKK. ^msdg Eg dostg lme ^gdèdo mj Smrgaugs ms kaugehmjtm ujg zojg
ODËGJO ^GDÈCKDO
pmsqumrg, mj pgrtkduegr eg lm eos lkstrktos lm Hgrkgto y Tojç, ge kauge qum tolg eg dostg ^gdèdg pgjghm÷g. Lkdbg pmsdg kjdeuym jo
\otge lm agjglo
Hmjos lm 7>>.>>>
0>>.>>7 g 4>>.>>>
vgdujo 7,102,1>.>>7 g 0>>.>>>
4>>.>>7 y hçs
sôeo eg pmsdg dohmrdkge, skjo tgh`këj eg lmportkvg. Egs mspmdkms prmlohkjgjtms mj eg dostg pgdèdg pgjghm÷g soj me
Ckaurg 3. Lkstrk`udkôj lm agjglo vgdujo por provkjdkg y dohgrdg. Cumjtm6 Gg. Sv. Dmjso garopmdugrko 0>77. HKLG. ^gjghç. 0>77.
pmz mspglg, me pgrao, me hmro, me pmz ageeo, me sç`glo y me gtöj lm gemtg ghgrkeeg. Tkj mh`grao, prmlohkjg eg pmsdg lm gjdbovmtgs
Smrgaugs ms ujg lm egs provkjdkgs qum rmakstrg eos hgyorms jkvmems
y grmjqums (
bgrkjg y gdmktm lm pmsdglo, y lm pmsdg lm msdghg kjlustrkge y
proludtorms qum vmjlmj eg emdbm g mhprmsgs u`kdglgs mj eg hkshg
grtmsgjge (7=-0>73. 0>7=-0>73. KJMD. 0>73 1 Gsodkgdkôj Jgdkojge lm Gvkduetorms Gvkduetorms lm ^gjghç (GJGSK^). 2 Dçhgrg lm ^roludtorms ^roludtorms lm eg ^rovkjdkg lm Smrgaugs. 0>71 ; Dojtrk`udkôj lm eg pmsdg y eg gdukdueturg g eg smaurklgl gekhmjtgrkg y me kjarmso cghkekgr mj Dmjtroghërkdg. Odkjg Tu`rmakojge pgrg Hmsoghërkdg Oragjkzgdkôj Oragjkzgdkôj lm egs Jgdkojms ]jklgs pgrg eg Gekhmjtgdkôj y eg Garkdueturg (CGO). ^gjghç, ^gjghç, 0>7 ^egj Jgdkojge lm Gddkôj pgrg eg ^msdg Tostmjk`em mj ^gjghç. GPG^. 0>71.
07
Dgrgdtmrkzgdkôj lm eg zojg lm kjumjdkg lm eos proymdtos
d. Tkstmhg eoaèstkdo lm eg zojg lm kjumjdkg ―eg glmdugdkôj lm eos dghkjos o lm eg rml vkge tmrdkgrkg, grtmrkgs
K.Kjcrgmstrudturg lm trgjsportm
qum pmrhktmj dojmdtgr me smdtor proludtkvo y rurge doj egs prkjdkpgems dkulglms y ëstgs doj me hujlo, pmrhktkrèg qum drmdkmrg
y eoaèstkdg
me pgrqum vmbkduegr lm eg provkjdkg, eo qum g su vmz `mjmdkgrèg eg hovkekzgdkôj lm hmrdgjdèg (pmrmdmlmrg y jo pmrmdmlmrg) pgrg
Eg kjcrgmstrudturg lm eg zojg lm kjumjdkg ms mj amjmrge
gddmlmr g eg prkjdkpge rml vkge lojlm sm trgseglgj egs dgrags‘ 77= sm÷geg`g qum eg
öjkdo gddmso g eg zojg dmjtro-omstm lm eg provkjdkg.
provkjdkg lm Smrgaugs dojtg`g, bgstg msm g÷o, doj khportgjtms `rmdbgs lm kjcrgmstrudturg lm trgjsportm y eoaèstkdg.
Skgeklgl
Eg provkjdkg lm Smrgaugs bg rmdk`klo podg gtmjdkôj g eg cmdbg mj hgtmrkg lm kjvmrskojms vkgems. Eg Hmhorkg 0>730>71 lme HO^ sm÷geô qum lm uj totge lm 7>= proymdtos mfmdutglos mj me pmrèolo, dugtro dorrmspojlègj g eg provkjdkg lm Smrgaugs. Meeo sm trgludm mj ujg kjvmrskôj huy `gfg, pumsto qum gedgjzô gpmjgs 27,0 hkeeojms lm `ge`ogs (o ]TL), eo qum rmprmsmjtô me 4,=% lme totge jgdkojge. Mstos proymdtos dorrmspojlkmroj g eg rmbg`kektgdkôj lm dghkjos rurgems y dgeems mj me lkstrkto lm Tgjtkgao. 7=
Mj tërhkjos lm kjcrgmstrudturg vkge, eg rml lm dgrrmtmrgs lm eg provkjdkg lm Smrgaugs70 dumjtg doj 4.70 ih, soj dghkjos lm tkmrrg, rmvmstklos o doj geaöj tkpo lm trgtghkmjto supmrdkge, lm eos dugems me ;
s o t d m y o r p m l o r m h ö J
7< 74 77
77 ;
2 3 =
<
@odgs Dbkrkquè lme \oro
Dodeë
Dohgrdg Jaì`m-@uaeë
Doeôj
Lgrkëj
Bmrrmrg
Eos Tgjtos
<
^gjghç
Arçdg 4. Dgjtklgl lm proymdtos por provkjdkg. 0>73-0>71. Cumjtm6 Hmhorkg 0>73-0>71. HO^. Ao`kmrjo lm eg Pmpö`ekdg lm ^gjghç.
77 Gjçeksks lmtgeeglo lm eg Dohpmtktkvklgl. ^rovkjdkgs Dodeë, Doeôj, Lgrkëj, Bmrrmrg, Eos Tgjtos y Smrgaugs. DGC. Dmjtro Jgdkojge lm Dohpmtktkvklgl. Dohpmtktkvklgl. 0>7= 70 Dgrgdtmrkzgdkôj lm lm eg Pml Skge lm ^gjghç. HO^ 0>73. 74 Pml tmrdkgrkg (2,7%). 7< Gjçeksks lmtgeeglo lm eg Dohpmtktkvklgl. Dohpmtktkvklgl. Op. Dktglg. Dktglg. 0>7=. 7= Hmhorkg 0>73-0>71 HO^. HO^. Ao`kmrjo lm eg Pmpö`ekdg lm ^gjghç.
00
^gjghç Omstm
Smrgaugs
Tm bg mstkhglo qum egs kjvmrskojms lme prmsmjtm proarghg amjmrgrègj6 k) eg rmluddkôj lm tkmhpo lm vkgfm mj uj 40% mj vègs proludtkvgs doj potmjdkge mxportglor9 kk) eg rmluddkôj lm eos dostos lm opmrgdkôj vmbkduegr mj uj 02% mj vègs proludtkvgs73.
Mstgs dojtrk`udkojms bgj sklo dojsklmrglgs mj eg mvgeugdkôj lm `mjmdkos m khpgdtos ge jge lme loduhmjto.
\rgjsportm hgrètkho y uvkge Pmspmdto ge smdtor portugrko, ^umrto Hutks, uj pumrto uvkge u`kdglo ge omstm lm Gtgegyg y mj me çrmg lm kjumjdkg lme mfm vkge, rmqukmrm lm uj hgjtmjkhkmjto dojstgjtm. Me lmtmrkoro lm mstm pumrto, utkekzglo prkjdkpgehmjtm pgrg me dg`otgfm y me gdopko
Ckaurg 1. Lmsmh`grqum lm pgsgfmros mj ^umrto Hutks, provkjdkg lm Smrgaugs (0>7=). Cumjtm6 Fosë Hgjume Glghs. ―Argj lmtmrkoro mj pumrtos lme ^gdèdo mj Smrgaugs‘.^gjghç Smrgaugs‘. ^gjghç Ghërkdg. Ghër kdg. 0; 0; lm hgyo 0>7=. Mj bttps6//www.pgjghgghmrkdg.doh.pg bttps6//www.pgjghgghmrkdg.doh.pg
lm pmsdg grtmsgjge hgrètkhg, ms jotorko. Egs mh`grdgdkojms utkekzglgs pgrg me trgjsportm lme pmsdglo soj prmlohkjgjtmhmjtm lme tkpo 7> \ojmeglgs lm Pmakstro @ruto (\P@).
Eg prkjdkpge kjcrgmstrudturg lm dohmrdkgekzgdkôj garèdoeg jgdkojge mj ^gjghç g eg cmdbg ms me Hmrdglo lm G`gstos lm ^gjghç,
Mj dugjto g eg kjcrgmstrudturg eoaèstkdg, eg hgyor pgrtm lm eg
u`kdglo mj Durujlö mj Dkulgl lm ^gjghç, y doj ujg supmrdkm
kjcrgmstrudturg mxkstmjtm dorrmspojlm g eg lm gpoyo ge gdopko
lm 0,= bg. Mj me hmrdglo sm g`gstmdmj botmems, rmstgurgjtms,
lm proludtos lm eg agjglmrèg, lm emdbm, grroz, hgèz y pmsdg. Mj mstm pujto lmstgdgj eos dmjtros lm gdopko lm emdbm mj Gtgegyg y
g`gstmdmlorms lm `uqums y pö`ekdo mj amjmrge. Dumjtg doj egs skaukmjtms çrmgs6
Hgrkgto, dojstruklos por me HKLG, eos skeos lm grroz y hgèz lm Eg @grrmrg (Tgjtkgao lm Smrgaugs) y eg Gamjdkg lm Tojç, y geaujos
•
hmrdglos lm g`gstos eodgems y me hmrdglo jgdkojge. Mj eg eodgeklgl
Agemrg lme pmrkcërkdo6 vmjtg lm kjsuhos garopmdugrko garopmdugrkoss y proludtos smdos.
lm Mfklo, lm eg provkjdkg lm Tgjtos, u`kdglg g 12 ih lm Gtgegyg,
•
Agemrg lme >36 vmjtg lm proludtos bortèdoegs y argjos.
me HKLG prmvë eg dojstruddkôj lme Dmjtro lm Mxdmemjdkg Garèdoeg
• • • • •
Agemrg lme >3=>6 vmjtg vmjtg lm emauh`rms y crutgs ge por hmjor. MHMR6 vmjtg lm proludtos lm tkmrrgs getgs ge hgyor hgyor.. Çrmg lm egs pk÷gs y ekhojms. Agemrg M y D6 vmjtg lm vmrlurgs y argjos. Çrmg lm Eg ^kjtglg6 vmjtg vmjtg lm proludtos mxdeuskvos lm msg
• •
zojg. Çrmg lm vmjtg lm hgèz. Çrmg lm vmjtg lm peçtgjo.
^gjghç-Ksrgme, duyo jgjdkghkmjto dorrmrç g dgrao lm Ksrgme. Mstm dmjtro dojtmhpegrç eg`orgtorkos, kjvmrjglmros, dgsgs lm duetkvo, skstmhgs lm rkmao, mtd., qum tmjlrçj khpgdto lkrmdto mj eg proluddkôj lm Gzumro, Dodeë y pgrtm lm Smrgaugs g trgvës lm gskstmjdkg tëdjkdg g eos proludtorms pgrg guhmjtgr eg dosmdbg, hmforgr eg dgeklgl m kjdorporgr tmdjoeoaèg g eg proluddkôj71.
73 Gjmxo Dojmdtkvklgl Dojmdtkvklgl lm çrmgs proludtkvgs y turèstkdgs mj Smrgaugs. Op Dktglg. 71 Tbmrey Lègz. ―Dmjtro lm Mxdmemjdkg Garèdoeg mj ^gjghç smrç holmeo pgrg Ghërkdg Egtkjg‘. Egtkjg‘.Me Me Dgpktge Ckjgjdkmro.doh. 0 lm hgrzo 0>72. Mj medgpktgejgjdkmro.doh
04
Dgrgdtmrkzgdkôj lm eg zojg lm kjumjdkg lm eos proymdtos
KK. Tmrvkdkos lm trgjsp trgjsportm ortm y eoaèstkdg Eos smrvkdkos lkspojk`ems mj eg zojg lm kjumjdkg lme mfm vkge soj `çskdghmjtm smrvkdkos lm trgjsportm dgrrmtmro, trgjsportm hgrètkho lm dg`otgfm y smrvkdkos eoaèstkdos. Mj dugjto ge trgjsportm tmrrmstrm, smaöj me Gjçeksks Lmtgeeglo lm eg Dohpmtktkvklgl rmgekzglo por me DJD, eg provkjdkg dumjtg doj me 3% lme pgrqum lm vmbèdueos lm dgrag lme pgès (2.0>= ujklglms), egs dugems mstçj dohpumstgs prkjdkpgehmjtm lm pkdiups (3>,1%), dghkojms (0>,1%), rmhoequms (2,1%), dghkojms lm trms mfms (3,3%) y gutos lm rmpgrto (4,4%). Msto sm trgludm mj ujg dgpgdklgl lm dgrag ekhktglg qum sm dorrmspojlm doj egs hgegs dojlkdkojms lm dkrduegdkôj gdtugems.
Eos smrvkdkos lm dg`otgfm sm `rkjlgj mj eos pumrtos Hutks y Sklge, qum rmakstrgroj 0.4>1 t mj hovkhkmjtos lm dg`otgfm, 7,2% lm eg dgrag totge lm eos pumrtos mstgtgems mj 0>7=. Pmspmdto ge smdtor eoaèstkdo, me jöhmro lm odupglos mj me g÷o 0>7= mj eg provkjdkg lm Smrgaugs mrg lm 4.;0=, eo qum rmprmsmjtg`g me 4% lme totge g jkvme jgdkojge. Mstg dkcrg sm rmmrm ge smdtor lm trgjsportm, gehgdmjghkmjto y dohujkdgdkojms doho uj tolo. Eg kjcorhgdkôj dojsuetglg dojsuetglg bgdm dojdeukr qum eos smrvkdkos `rkjlglos soj `çskdghmjtm lm trgjsportm, eoaèstkdg lm postdosmdbg otoraglg mj dmjtros lm gdopko, y pujtugems lm gehgdmjghkmjto.
0<
0=
Dojmdtkvklgl vkge y su dojtrk`udkôj ge skstmhg eoaèstkdo eodge
trms
^gtrojms eoaèstkdos lm eos prkjdkpgems smahmjtos proludtkvos
^gtrojmseoaèstkdoslmeosprkjdkpgemssmahmjtosproludtkvos
trms ^gtrojms eoaèstkdos lm eos prkjdkpgems smahmjtos proludtkvos Doj me j lm mjtmjlmr eos rmtos qum dojcrojtg eg zojg lm kjumjdkg mj me smdtor lm eoaèstkdg lm dgrags, mj pgrtkduegr egs prkjdkpgems dglmjgs proludtkvgs qum sm amjmrgj mj eg hkshg, ms khportgjtm
klmjtkdglos doho rmemvgjtms mj eg zojg y susdmptk`ems lm smr `mjmdkglos por me proymdto vkge, g sg`mr6 grroz, hgèz, crutgs, dgrjm `ovkjg, dgrjm lm poeeo, emdbm y pmsdg grtmsgjge.
dojodmr eos pgtrojms eoaèstkdos lm eos smahmjtos mj dumstkôj. Eg aurg 2 humstrg eg u`kdgdkôj lm eos prkjdkpgems dohpojmjtms
G dojtkjugdkôj sm prmsmjtg ujg lmsdrkpdkôj `gsglg mj kjcorhgdkôj smdujlgrkg. Egs dglmjgs y cghkekgs eoaèstkdgs gjgekzglgs soj egs dorrmspojlkmjtms g eos smdtorms proludtkvos
Dorrmlor ^gdèdo (Dgrrmtmrg ^gjghmrkdgjg)
lme skstmhg eoaèstkdo lm eg zojg lm kjumjdkg g eos qum sm bgdm rmcmrmjdkg mj egs skaukmjtms smddkojms.
Dorrmlor ^gdèdo Mfm vkge Gtgegyg-Hgrkgto-Wum`ro
Tgjtkgao
Gtgegyg
^umrto Hutks Dmjtro lm gdopko lm emdbm ^ujtos lm lmsmh`grqum lm pmsdg
710 ih Hgemjg \orko
Hgrkgto Wum`ro
Dmjtro lm mxdmemjdkg garèdoeg ^gjghç-Ksrgme Tkeos lm argjos Hgtglmros Argjfgs gvèdoegs
Ckaurg 2. Dohpojmjtms lme skstmhg eoaèstkdo lm eg zojg lm kjumjdkg lme mfm vkge. Cumjtm6 meg`orgdkôj propkg.
02
g. Grroz
Mj Smrgaugs mxkstmj los skeos pö`ekdos utkekzglos pgrg me gehgdmjghkmjto, hoeklo, degskdgdkôj y mhpgqum lm eos argjos,
Me grroz tkmjm ujg dglmjg eoaèstkdg huy dortg. Me holmeo mstçjlgr
mjtrm meeos me grroz6 me skeo lm Eg @grrmrg, u`kdglo mj me lkstrkto lm
sm kjkdkg doj eg dosmdbg, eg duge mj ^gjghç sm rmgekzg mjtrm eos
Tgjtkgao ge sur lm eg dkulgl lm Tgjtkgao lm Smrgaugs, y eg Gamjdkg
hmsms lm lkdkmh`rm y mjmro (vmr Gjmxo 0, Mstgdkojgeklgl lm egs
lm Tojç, u`kdglg mj me lkstrkto lme hksho joh`rm. Me skeo Eg
crutgs y vmrlurgs mj ^gjghç), lurgjtm me pmrèolo lm smquèg . ]jg
@grrmrg `rkjlg smrvkdkos lm smdglo, gehgdmjghkmjto lm argjos,
vmz dortglo, me proludto ms smdglo, gehgdmjglo tmhporgehmjtm
pmsglo y otros, y dumjtg doj ujg dgpgdklgl lm smdglo lm ;>,>>>
y postmrkorhmjtm eemvglo g hoekmjlgs grtmsgjgems o kjlustrkgems
qukjtgems. Eg Gamjdkg lm Tojç dumjtg doj 7/4 lm eg dgpgdklgl lm
mj cujdkôj lme voeuhmj y me tkpo lm proludtor, mj lojlm ms
Eg @grrmrg. Gh`os skeos cumroj o`fmto rmdkmjtm lm uj proymdto lm
lmsdgsdgrglo mj vgrkgs cgsms smaöj me proludto qum sm lmsmm
rmbg`kektgdkôj y ghpekgdkôj lm dgpgdklgl0.
7
(grroz kjtmarge o `egjdo), degskdglo y mhpgdglo. Glmhçs lm eos skeos dktglos, mj eg provkjdkg ―bgy uj totge lm 04 Me grroz sm dohmrdkgekzg mj sgdos lm lkstkjto tghg÷o,
pegjtgs qum sm lmlkdgj g eg gdtkvklgl lme smdglo y pkeglo lme argjo,
lmpmjlkmjlo lme dekmjtm ckjge, gujqum prmlohkjg eg
me duge ms dgptglo por eos hoekjmros y geaujgs vmdms gehgdmjglo
dohmrdkgekzgdkôj lm sgdos lm argj dgpgdklgl qum eumao soj
pgrg su prodmsghkmjto9 geaujos eo bgdmj mj argj msdgeg, hkmjtrgs
rmmhpgdglos por me dohprglor do hprglor..
qum otros soeo lgj rmspumstg g eos proludtorms qum sm lmlkdgj g eg proluddkôj y postmrkor vmjtg lm grroz pkeglo‘4. ]jg vmz mhpgdglo, me grroz vg g hmrdglos garèdoegs lm Dkulgl lm ^gjghç, g eos hmrdglos rmakojgems o g lkstrk`uklorm lkstrk`uklorms. s.
Grroz ^roludtorms
Egs ^gehgs Hojtkfo Pèo Fmsös Tgjtkgao ^ojuag Me Tugy
Argjme
Tgdos lm lkcmrmjtm dgpgdklgl Tkeos
Hmrdglos garèdoegs
Eg @grrmrg Tojç
Dkulgl ^gjghç y rmakojgems
Dgeo`rm Tgj Crgjdksdo Hgrkgto Grroz `egjdo m kjtmarge smdo y lmsdgsdgrrkeeglo
Lkstrk`uklorms Jgdkojgems
Grroz dortglo y smdo
Msqumhg 7. Dglmjg eoaèstkdg lme grroz, provkjdkg lm Smrgaugs. Cumjtm6 meg`orgdkôj propkg.
7 Me pmrèolo lm eeuvkgs mj ^gjghç tkmjm ujg lurgdkôj gproxkhglg gproxkhglg lm skmtm hmsms6 kjkdkg mj hgyo y sm mxtkmjlm bgstg jgems lm jovkmh`rm. 0 ^roymdto lm rmbg`kektgdkôj lm skeos Eg @grrmrg (Smrgaugs). Kjstktuto lm Hmrdglmo Garèdoeg. ^gjghç, 0>7% ms dohmrdkgekzglo smdo.
Me hgèz smdo amjmrgehmjtm ms lmstkjglo ge hmrdglo garokjlustrkge pgrg eg meg`orgdkôj lm drmhgs y hgèz pkeglo, y tgh`këj g eg meg`orgdkôj lm pkmjzos pgrg eg gekhmjtgdkôj lm gvms y dmrlos7. Mstm proludto ms gdopkglo, smdglo, prodmsglo y degskdglo mj eos hkshos skeos lm argjos qum sm utkekzgj pgrg me grroz.
^roludtorms
Dghkojms y ^kdi-ups
Tojç Pèo lm Fmsös Hojtkfo Hgrkgto Dgeo`rm Tgjtkgao ^ojuag Ms Tugy
Hgzordg Tkeos
Eg @grrmrg Tojç
Hgèz mj hgzordg y mj argjo
Hgèz smdo
^roludtorms garokjlustrkgems
Drmhgs Hgèz pkeglo Gekhmjto pgrg gjkhgems
Msqumhg 0. Dglmjg eoaèstkdg lme hgèz, provkjdkg lm Smrgaugs. Cumjtm6 meg`orgdkôj propkg.
7 Gg. Sv. ―Hmrdglo Garèdoeg Dmjtrge Dmjtrge lm eg Dkulgl lm ^gjghç (H.G.D.)‘ (H.G.D.)‘ ^gjghç Ghërkdg. Ghërkdg. 47 lm hgyo 0>>4. Mj www.pgjghgghmrkdg.doh.pg. www.pgjghgghmrkdg.doh.pg.
4>
Hgèz
Hmrdglo jgdkojge
d. Crutgs Eg dohmrdkgekzgdkôj lm egs crutgs mj ^gjghç skaum uj prodmso hçs o hmjos mstçjlgr. Me msqumhg 4 keustrg me dgso lme peçtgjo, y tgh`këj eg prçdtkdg bg`ktuge pgrg `umjg pgrtm lm egs otrgs crutgs. Glmhçs lm eg vmjtg g lkstrk`uklorms, sm mstç utkekzgjlo dglg vmz hçs eg dohprg lkrmdtg (lkrmdt (lkrmdt sourdkja ) g eos proludtorms mj eos hmrdglos eodgems skj pgsgr por me kjtmrhmlkgrko. Egs crutgs sm dohmrdkgekzgj dohmrdkgekzg j tolo me g÷o.
Mj eg zojg jo mxkstmj kjstgegdkojms lme skstmhg lm dglmjg lm crèo, pmro uj kjdrmhmjto lm eg proluddkôj polrèg lmrkvgr mj eg proarghgdkôj lm uj dmjtro lm gdopko doj cgdkeklglms lm mstgs dgrgdtmrèstkdgs.
^eçtgjo
^roludtorms lkvmrsos
Hmrdglo dmjtrge
Hkjorkstgs
Kjtmrhmlkgrkos
Mxportgdkôj
Tupmrhmrdglos
Msqumhg 4. Dglmjg eoaèstkdg lme peçtgjo. Cumjtm6 meg`orgdkôj propkg doj `gsm mj kjcorhgdkôj lm Gg. Sv. Eg crutkdueturg mj ^gjghç. ^gjghç. KKDG. 0>>2.
47
^gtrojmseoaèstkdoslmeosprkjdkpgemssmahmjtosproludtkvos
l. Dgrjm
Hëxkdo pgrg eg rmgekzgdkôj lm mh`utklos, mj tgjto qum egs vèsdmrgs vgj ge hmrdglo eodge. Mj Tgjtkgao lm Smrgaugs mxkstm ujo lm eos 1
Eg dgrjm sm dohmrdkgekzg kaugehmjtm tolo me g÷o pmro doj uj
hgtglmros prkvglos lm eg provkjdkg y uj hgtglmro hujkdkpge. Eos
ekamro pkdo mstgdkojge gjtms lme vmrgjo, dugjlo eos gjkhgems
proludtos lm mstm öetkho sm lkrkamj mxdeuskvghmjtm ge hmrdglo
rmakstrgj hçs pmso. Me agjglo mj pkm ms trgjsportglo bgstg
jgdkojge, yg qum mstos jo dumjtgj doj egs dojlkdkojms sgjktgrkgs
geaujo lm eos hgtglmros prkvglos o ge hgtglmro hujkdkpge mj
rmqumrklgs pgrg me dohmrdko kjtmrjgdkojge.
Tgjtkgao lm Smrgaugs. Eg dgrjm sm vmjlm amjmrgehmjtm crmsdg mj eos hmrdglos eodgems o sm lkstrk`uym g trgvës lm supmrhmrdglos,
Mj me dgso lm eg dgrjm lm poeeo proludklg eodgehmjtm, egs mhprmsgs
gujqum tgh`këj eg dgrjm sm dortg, mhpgqumtg y rmcrkamrg pgrg eos
gvèdoegs tkmjmj uj dkrdukto lm lkstrk`udkôj hçs dojsoeklglo g
dojsuhklorms jgdkojgems o kjtmrjgdkoj kjtmrjgdkojgems. gems.
jkvme jgdkojge qum kjdeuym eg dgrjm y eos bumvos, lkstrk`uklos mj hmrdglos popuegrms y mj supmrhmrdglos. Mj dugjto g eos
Eos su`proludtos tgems doho eg sgjarm y eos bumsos sm trgjscorhgj
kjsuhos, ^gjghç khportg y tgh`këj proludm bumvos cërtkems y
mj gekhmjto pgrg gvms9 amjmrgehmjtm egs dg`mzgs sm mxportgj g
poeektos lm uj lèg.
Dgrjm Hmrdglos jgdkojgems y supmrhmrdglos
Dgrjm crmsdg
@ovkjo mj pkm Ckjdgs (oddklmjtm y dmjtro)
Hgtglmro Tgjtkgao lm Smrgaugs
Dglmjg lm Crèo Dgrjm dojameglg
Hgtglmros ^rkvglos
Tu`proludtos
Kjlustrkgs jgdkojgems (gekhmjtos pgrg gjkhgems)
Msqumhg 70.
0 Gg. Sv. ―Drmdkmjtm proluddkôj lm emdbm mj Smrgaugs‘. Smrgaugs‘. Ktsho Ktsho.. 07 lm cm`rmro lm 0>71. Mj www.ksthopgjghg.doh. www.ksthopgjghg.doh.
44
^gtrojmseoaèstkdoslmeosprkjdkpgemssmahmjtosproludtkvos
c. ^msdg
gdumrlo g eg mspmdkm y dgeklgl. Eos proludtos lm eg dgeklgl rmqumrklg sm pgagj g uj prmdko prmvkghmjtm gdorlglo9 me
Eg pmsdg mj eg provkjdkg lm Smrgaugs, prkjdkpgehmjtm grtmsgjge,
rmstgjtm sm pumlm jmaodkgr y sk jo dojvkmjm, me supeklor sm
sm dgrgdtmrkzg por tmjmr uj `gfo jkvme lm gsodkgdkôj y mstgr podo
eo eemvg. ^ostmrkorhmjtm me proludto crmsdo ms prodmsglo
grtkdueglg.
y mhpgdglo pgrg su mxportgdkôj. Jorhgehmjtm eg pegjtg o mxportglor dumjtgj doj trgjsportm mspmdkgekzglo pgrg
Tmaöj me ^egj lm Gddkôj pgrg eg ^msdg Tostmjk`em4, eg dglmjg
eemvgr eg dgrag ge gmropumrto. Me proludto rmdbgzglo tmrhkjg
dohmrdkge lm egs prkjdkpgems mspmdkms ―mstç dohpumstg por skmtm
jorhgehmjtm mj me hmrdglo jgdkojge.
mseg`ojms6 provmmlor lm kjsuhos, pmsdglor, gdopkglor eodge, gdopkglor rmakojge, pegjtg prodmsglorg, mxportglor y lkstrk`uklor
Eg pmsdg sm eemvg g dg`o mj mh`grdgdkojms kaugems o hgyorms g
hkjorkstg.‘ Mj lmtgeem6
7> \P@. Eos pmsdglorms hgjtkmjmj me proludto doj bkmeo mj sus lkstkjtos mh`gegfms, mh`gegfms, lmjtro lm sus mh`grdgdkojms, por eg dgjtklgl
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Me gdopkglor prkhgrko g`sor`m eg prkhmrg vmjtg lm eos
lm lègs qum ems pmrhktg su prmdgrko skstmhg lm rmcrkamrgdkôj.
proludtos qum soj lmsmh`grdglos y dumjtg doj hmlkos huy
Eos pmsdglorms qum jo hgjtkmjmj eg dglmjg lm crèo vmjlmj sus
`çskdos pgrg hgjmfgr, augrlgr y trgjsportgr me pmsdglo.
proludtos g hmjor dosto.
Me gdopkglor smdujlgrko ms me prkjdkpge mseg`ôj qum dojskaum pmsdglo y hgrksdos pgrg eos mxportglorms y pegjtgs prodmsglorgs. Tu cujdkôj prkjdkpge ms jmaodkgr, provmmr me jgjdkghkmjto y gduhuegr me proludto lm vgrkgs pgrtms pgrg mjtrmagreo dojsoeklglo dojsoeklglo mj uj soeo eotm.
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Eg pegjtg prodmsglorg ms me skaukmjtm mseg`ôj y rmprmsmjtg, mj eg hgyorèg lm egs odgskojms, eg hkshg pmrsojg qum me
Eg pmsdg lm eos lkstrktos lm Hgrkgto y Tojç sm dgjgekzg g trgvës lm ^umrto Hutks, pmro mxkstmj otros pujtos lm lmsmh`grqum mj Wum`ro, \orko y Hgemjg, tolos gemlg÷os ge mfm vkge GtgygegHgrkgto-Wum`ro-Ceorms. Hmjos lm eg tmrdmrg pgrtm lm mstos dmjtros g jkvme jgdkojge dumjtg doj dmjtros lm gdopko o kjcrgmstrudturg lm gpoyo g eg pmsdg grtmsgjge.
mxportglor. Mj egs pegjtgs sm smemddkojg me pmsdglo lm
^msdg ^msdglorms
Gdopko prkhgrko
^msdglos Hgrksdos
Hmrdglo eodge Gdopko smdujlgrko
^egjtgs kjlustrkgems
Mxportgdkôj ^msdglos Hgrksdos ^rodmsglos y mhpgdglos Msqumhg 3. Dglmjg eoaèstkdg lm eg pmsdg, provkjdkg lm Smrgaugs. Cumjtm6 meg`orgdkôj propkg.
4 Gg. Sv. Sv. ^egj Jgdkojge lm Gddkôj pgrg eg ^msdg Tostmjk`em mj ^gjghç ^gjghç,, gutorklgl lm Pmdursos Gduçtkdos lm ^gjghç ^gjghç (GPG^). (GPG^). 0>71.
4<
4=
Dojmdtkvklgl vkge y su dojtrk`udkôj ge skstmhg eoaèstkdo eodge
dugtro
Pmtos lme skstmhg eoaèstkdo lm dgrags mj eg zojg lm kjumjdkg
Pmtoslmeskstmhgeoaèstkdolmdgragsmjegzojglm kjumjdkg
dugtro Pmtos lme skstmhg eoaèstkdo lm dgrags mj eg zojg lm kjumjdkg Me skstmhg eoaèstkdo lm eg zojg lm kjumjdkg lme dorrmlor sm vm gcmdtglo jo sôeo por egs rmstrkddkojms y rmtos mjlôamjos
Egs smddkojms g dojtkjugdkôj gjgekzgj gjgekzgj egs khpekdgdkojm khpekdgdkojmss lm gh`os jkvmems mj eg eoaèstkdg lm dgrags mj eg zojg lm kjumjdkg lm egs
gsodkglos g eg amoargcèg lme pgès y eg oragjkzgdkôj lm eg gdtkvklgl
kjtmrvmjdkojms vkgems.
mj me mspgdko, skjo tgh`këj por memhmjtos mxôamjos kjbmrmjtms g eos hmrdglos mj qum sm prohumvmj eos lkstkjtos proludtos.
g. Pmtos tmrrktorkgems Bgstg eg cmdbg, eg kjcorhgdkôj lkspojk`em so`rm eos
“qum tkmjm uj roe cujlghmjtge mj eg gdtkvklgl mdojôhkdg lme
pro`emhgs lm eos dohpojmjtms lme smdtor eoaèstkdo lm
rmsto lme pgès“ jo qumlgrg rmemaglg g smaujlo pegjo, lmjkô ujg
dgrags y gpoyo g eg gdtkvklgl garèdoeg mj ^gjghç, mhgjg
vkskôj mspmdèdg pgrg mstm su`skstmhg6
lm egs lksduskojms eemvglgs g dg`o lurgjtm me prodmso lm meg`orgdkôj lme ^JEOA7. Mj egs smskojms qum amjmrgroj
―^gjghç dumjtg doj uj skstmhg
doho proludto lkdbo pegj, sm lksdutkô ghpekghmjtm doj eos
eoaèstkdo mcdkmjtm qum drmg mdojohègs
gdtorms jgdkojgems eg khportgjdkg lm qum egs rmcorhgs mj me skstmhg eoaèstkdo `mjmckdkmj g eg totgeklgl lm eos smdtorms proludtkvos, gsè doho g eg totgeklgl lme tmrrktorko jgdkojge.
lm msdgeg y cgdkektg eg dohpmtktkvklgl lm eos proludtos garèdoegs pgjghm÷os mj me hmrdglo jgdkojge y lm mxportgdkôj mxportgdkôj‘ ‘ 0
Tk `kmj eos rmtos lm eg rmakôj qum g`grdg eg prmsmjtm jotg tëdjkdg jo cum o`fmto lm lksduskôj lm corhg mspmdèckdg, dg`m
Mstg vkskôj `usdg orkmjtgr eg gddkôj g egrao pegzo pgrg gsè rmsoevmr
rmsm÷gr qum me ^JEOA, pgrg gsmaurgr qum eg gdtkvklgl garèdoeg
eos pro`emhgs klmjtkdglos, eos dugems sm skjtmtkzgj mj eg tg`eg 7.
7 Gg. Sv. Sv. ^egj Jgdkojge lm Eoaèstkdg lm Dgrags lm ^gjghç. ^gjghç. ^JEOA. @KL, 0>7772
Mj eos öetkhos trms g÷os, eos dohmrdkgjtms lme hmrdglo lm g`gstos bgj tmjklo ujg përlklg gproxkhglg lm ]T $ 7>2 hkeeojms lm`klo ge % lm eg hmrhg qum sm rmakstrg lkgrkghmjtm mj proludtos doho vmamtgems.
[ork Horgems, prmsklmjtm lm eg Gsodkgdkôj lm ^roludtorms y Dohmrdkgjtms Garèdoegs lme Hmrdglo lm G`gstos, gsmaurô qum eg sktugdkôj dojtkjugrç mhpmorgjlo sk egs gutorklglms jo rmgekzgj me trgseglo g egs jumvgs kjstgegdkojms lme hmrdglo, göj dmrrglgs. Mxpekdô qum meeos ems dohprgj g eos proludtorms lm tkmrrgs getgs 4>> hke lôegrms ge lèg mj hmrdgjdèg, lm eos dugems sm proludm ujg hmrhg %,hke eolkgrkghmjtm. qum dgusg përlklgs lm bgstg ]Tlm $7>> Horgems tgh`këj sm÷geô qum me trgseglo lm eos dohmrdkgjtms lme hmrdglo lm g`gstos g egs jumvgs kjstgegdkojms, u`kdglgs mj eg vèg
0
]T$ hkeeojms
]T$ hkeeojms
ms eo qum gproxkhglghmjtm bgj gproxkhglghmjtm pmrlklo eos dohmrdkgjtms por eg hmrhg mj trms g÷os
rmportgj eos proludtorms lm \kmrrgs Getgs mj përlklgs por egs hmrhgs
qum dojludm bgdkg me pumjtm Dmjtmjgrko, jo sm lgrç pgrg me hms lm gaosto doho sm bg`èg kjcorhglo, y mstkhô qum bg`règ ujg jumvg proarghgdkôj pgrg me prkhmr dugtrkhmstrm lm 0>7;. ―Lm jglg skrvm trg`gfgr mj eos dmjtros post-dosmdbgs post-dosmd bgs sk eg hmrdgjdèg qum eemag ge hmrdglo lm g`gstos gdtuge jo dumjtg doj uj `umj skstmhg lm rmcrkamrgdkôj, lkstrk`udkôj y eoaèstkdg, eo qum guhmjtg eg hmrhg‘, lkfo. Guausto Fkhëjmz, vodmro y gsmsor lm eg Gsodkgdkôj lm ^roludtorms lm \kmrrgs Getgs, gckrhô qum egs përlklgs por jo dojtgr doj eg dglmjg lm crèo pgrg me hgjmfo glmduglo lm eos proludtos
mj me hmrdglo lm Lgvkl gsdkmjlmj g ]T $3 hkeeojms mj eos öetkhos trms g÷os. Lm gdumrlo doj me proludtor proludtor,, lm gaosto g lkdkmh`rm lm 0>73, sm pmrlkmroj 2.>>> qukjtgems lm dm`oeeg mj dghpo, por uj hojto lm ]T $01> hke, lm`klo g eg cgetg lm uj skstmhg glmduglo pgrg hgjtmjmr me proludto mj `umjgs dojlkdkojms. Gdtugehmjtm soeo cujdkojg me hmrdglo lm Lgvkl, hkmjtrgs qum eos lm Dbktrëmeylm Eg Dborrmrg mstçj mj dojstruddkôj, ^gjghç mstç dmrrglo y me lm Doeôj yg jo smrç mlkckdglo doho pgrtm lm eg dglmjg lm crèo, skjo qum smrç rmspojsg`keklgl lm eg Gedgelèg lm Doeôj.
Cumjtm6 [msskdg Sgelës. ―]T $77< hkeeojms mj përlklgs por gtrgso lm dglmjg lm crèo‘.^gjghç crèo‘. ^gjghç Ghërkdg. = Ghërkdg. = lm hgyo 0>71
Lm corhg mspmdèdg, pgrg rmsoevmr mstm kjdojvmjkmjtm mstrudturge,
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Tkhpekdgr eos trçhktms lm dohmrdko mxtmrkor9 mxtmrkor9 gloptgr
me ^JEOA klmjtkdô egs skaukmjtms eèjmgs lm gddkôj qum soj
tmdjoeoaègs lm kjcorhgdkôj y dohujkdgdkojms qum pmrhktgj
gpekdg`ems ge dgso lm mstulko6
optkhkzgr eg opmrgdkôj lm dglmjgs eoaèstkdgs lm proludtos garèdoegs lmstkjglos g eg mxportgdkôj.
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Hmforgr me mstglo lm eg rml vkge smdujlgrkg y tmrdkgrkg.
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Lotgr ge pgès lm garodmjtros eoaèstkdos qum duhpegj uj roe mj eg oragjkzgdkôj lm egs dglmjgs eoaèstkdgs ―gaugs g`gfo‘,
lmsgrroeeo lm smrvkdkos eoaèstkdos lm vgeor garmaglo lm gpoyo ge smdtor garèdoeg, doho dohpemhmjto g eg hmforg lm eg rml
y lmsgrroeeo lm uj holmeo opmrgdkojge lm dmjtros lm
vkge smdujlgrkg y tmrdkgrkg (prkhmrg gddkôj sm÷geglg mj mstg
gdopko. Mstg rml lm kjcrgmstrudturg dohpemhmjtgrç, doj
ekstg).
me dohpojmjtm eoaèstkdo, me trg`gfo qum bgdm eg Tmdrmtgrèg
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^rohovmr me lmsgrroeeo lm eg dglmjg lm crèo m kjdmjtkvos ge
Pmgekzgr mstulkos lmtgeeglos lm optkhkzgdkôj optkhkzgdkôj eoaèstkdg
Dglmjg lm Crèo lm ^gjghç mj hgtmrkg lm dmjtros lm gdopko y
lm dglmjgs garèdoegs lm mxportgdkôj, mvmjtugehmjtm
hmrdglos lm g`gstmdkhkmjto.
mxpeorgjlo eg posk`keklgl lm uso lm eg kjcrgmstrudturg
^rohovmr eg glopdkôj lm msqumhgs lm doeg`orgdkôj
mxkstmjtm mj Dostg Pkdg.
eoaèstkdg doj me j lm dohpmjsgr eos pro`emhgs lm msdgeg
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Meg`orgr uj proarghg lm drmgdkôj y cortgemdkhkm cortgemdkhkmjto jto lm
rmludklg qum gcmdtgj eg dohpmtktkvklgl dohpmtktkvklgl lm eg proluddkôj y egs
dgpgdklglms ge proludtor garèdoeg mj me smdtor lm eoaèstkdg
mxportgdkojms garèdoegs pgjghm÷gs.
lm dgrags.
Amjmrgr uj skstmhg lm kjcorhgdkôj lme smdtor qum pmrhktg rmdopkegr kjcorhgdkôj mstglèstkdg so`rm me lmsmhpm÷o lm skstmhgs eoaèstkdos lm gpoyo g eg proluddkôj garèdoeg.
`. Pmtos Egs dglmjgs eoaèstkdgs qum sm orkakjgj mj eg zojg lm kjumjdkg
Glkdkojgehmjtm, mxkstmj otros rmtos lm hmrdglo qum eos
lme mfm vkge Gtgygeg-Hgrkgto-Wum`ro-Ceorms dojcrojtgj rmtos
proludtorms lm eg zojg dojcrojtgj rmauegrhmjtm rmauegrhmj tm y qum bgdmj
qum augrlgj rmegdkôj lkrmdtg m kjlkrmdtg doj me lmsmhpm÷o lme
khpmrgtkvo rmludkr ge hçxkho eos dostos eoaèstkdos doj me ckj
skstmhg eoaèstkdo eodge. Mj mstg smddkôj sm gjgekzgj eos pro`emhgs
lm polmr dohpmtkr glmduglghmjtm mj me hmrdglo jgdkojge
qum gcmdtgj me lmsmhpm÷o lm egs dglmjgs, ms lmdkr, qum kjdklmj mj
gjtm proludtos khportglos. Mj me dgso lm dglmjgs dortgs lm
hgyorms dostos, lmhorgs, vgrkg`keklgl mj me cujdkojghkmjto lm
proludtos kjlkcmrmjdkglos, dgrgdtmrèstkdos lm eg proluddkôj
eg dglmjg y rkmsaos. Jo sm g`orlgj pro`emhgs lm hglurmz lm eg
lm eg zojg, mstos dostms mstçj vkjdueglos g eos memvglos
dglmjg doho me arglo rmegtkvo lm kjtmargdkôj lm eos gdtorms g eo
dostos lme trgjsportm qum lmrkvgj lm eos tgh`këj dostosos
egrao lm eg hkshg y glopdkôj lm prçdtkdg prçdtkdgss doeg`orgtkvgs.
opmrgtkvos, gsè doho eg msdgsg lkspojk`keklgl lm ujklglms, y otros gsodkglos g eg dohmrdkgekzgdkôj lme proludto y g egs
Eg pro`emhçtkdg lm eg dgeklgl y eg lkspojk`keklgl lm kjcrgmstrudturg
jmdmsklglms eoaèstkdgs mspmdèckdgs mj lkstkjtgs mtgpgs lm
lm trgjsportm dgrrmtmro rmsuetg uj memhmjto degvm pgrg me
egs dglmjgs.
lmsmhpm÷o lm egs dglmjgs proludtkvgs. Me hujkdkpko lm Hgrkgto lmstgdô mj me g÷o 0>724 egs përlklgs crmdumjtms lm proludtos garèdoegs y agjglmros qum sucrmj eos proludtorms eodgems doho dojsmdumjdkg lm eg hgeg dgeklgl lm eg rml vkge y su vuejmrg`keklgl gjtm eos dgh`kos dekhçtkdos, eo duge rmpmrdutm mj eg khposk`keklgl lm hovmr me proludto oportujghmjtm. Eg tmjlmjdkg lm mstm cmjôhmjo ms lm kjdrmhmjto, pumsto qum sm prmvë uj guhmjto mj egs prmdkpktgdkojms lme = ge 7=% mj eg provkjdkg lm Smrgaugs, gsè doho uj kjdrmhmjto lm eos dgulgems mj egs dumjdgs vmrtkmjtms ge ^gdèdo, lojlm sm u`kdg eg provkjdkg lm Smrgaugs, mj me orlmj lme
Dg`m lmstgdgr qum lm eos proludtos qum soj pgrtm lm eg dgjgstg `çskdg, me Kjstktuto lm Hmrdglmo Garopmdugrko lm ^gjghç (KHG) `usdg gsmaurgr su dohmrdkgekzgdkôj mj me hmrdglo jgdkojge. Geaujos lm sus proarghgs `usdgj rmludkr me prmdko ge dojsuhklor, pmro tgh`këj gsmaurgr eg dohprg ge proludtor g prmdkos fustos, doj eg jgeklgl lm hgjtmjmr me jkvme lm proluddkôj eodge. Eos proarghgs kjdeuymj eg provkskôj lm kjcrgmstrudturg lm prodmsghkmjto y gehgdmjghkmjto.
4=-%>,= ih) y rghge Sgrglmro (77,7 ih). ^mjèjsueg lm Gzumro, Smrgaugs.‘ Hujkdkpko lm Hgrkgto. Lmpgrtghmjto lm Amstkôj lm Pkmsao Hujkdkpge. HO^/@KL. HO^/@KL. 0>72. < Cumjtm6 Gg. Sv. ―Gjmxo ―Gjmxo \ëdjkdo. \ëdjkdo. Pkmsao lm Lmsgstrm y Glgptgdkôj ge Dgh`ko Dekhçtkdo mj eg Kjcrgmstrudturg Skge. ^roarghg lm gpoyo ge Lmsgrroeeo lm eg Dojmdtkvklgl \mrrktorkge lm eg rmakôj Dmjtrge y Oddklmjtge lm ^gjghç.‘ Gjmxo ^J-E7772, me KJMD rmportô
dohpmtmjdkg lm proludtos khportglos por me KHG pgrg sgtkscgdmr
qum pgrg me pmrèolo 0>73-0>71 eg dosmdbg lme proludto sm
eg lmhgjlg jgdkojge gjtm ujg proluddkôj lmdktgrkg. Tmaöj eg
bg`èg kjdrmhmjtglo 0,=%1. Egs provkjdkgs qum tuvkmroj uj rmjlkhkmjto hçs
gutosudkmjtm mj grroz, sm rmqukmrm proludkr odbo hkeeojms lm
lmstgdglo cumroj Eos Tgjtos, Bmrrmrg, Dbkrkquè y Smrgaugs.
qukjtgems y mstm g÷o Y0>73X sm bgj eoarglo los hkeeojms 3>> hke qukjtgems‘=.
Me cgdtor prkjdkpge qum kjdklkô mj hmforms dosmdbgs mj me pmrèolo rmsm÷glo cum eg prmsmjdkg lm dojlkdkojms hmtmoroeôakdgs
Tmaöj me Kjstktuto Jgdkojge lm Mstglèstkdg y Dmjso (KJMD), mj me
cgvorg`ems. ^mro tge doho mj me dgso lme grroz, me duetkvo lme hgèz
pmrèolo 0>73-0>71 eg dosmdbg lm grroz guhmjtô 77=-0>73)9 eg dgèlg lm eg dosmdbg mj 03% por
kjdrmhmjto lm eg supmrdkm hmdgjkzglg y g eg hmforg mj eos
smquèg mj g÷os gjtmrkorms lm`klo g eg cgetg lm rkmao hotkvô g eos
rmjlkhkmjtos por uso lm hmforms smhkeegs, lkshkjudkôj lm pegags
proludtorms g rmgekzgr kjvmrskojms.
y hmforms dojlkdkojms hmtmoroeôakdgs. Mstg sktugdkôj cum hçs lmstgdglg mj egs provkjdkgs lm Dbkrkquè y Smrgaugs. Ms lmdkr,
= Gg.Sv Gg.Sv.. ―^roludtorms tmhmj qum doegpsm me smdtor grrodmro‘ grrodmro‘.. Jovkmh`rm 0>73. pgjghgghmrkdg.doh.pg 3 Hkrtg Polrèaumz ^. ^. ―Tu`m eg proluddkôj lm grroz y hgèz pmro eg supmrdkm smh`rglg jo hmforg‘. Eg Mstrmeeg lm ^gjghç. ^gjghç. 7= lm cm`rmro 0>72. Mj egmstrmeeg.doh.pg 1 Èlmh 2 Gg. Sv. ―Tupmrdkm Tmh`rglg y Dosmdbg lm hgèz, g÷o 0>73‘. 0>73‘. Kjstktuto Jgdkojge lm Mstglèstkdg y Dmjso (KJMD). 0>71.
7< sm
lmrkvglgs lm mvmjtos dekhçtkdos; (kjujlgdkojms prkjdkpgehmjtm)
rmsm÷groj pro`emhgs lm pegags mj Smrgaugs qum gcmdtgroj eg
qum gqumfgj g eg vkgeklgl prkjdkpge lm eg zojg lm kjumjdkg lme
dosmdbg y qum yg sumemj smr rmdurrmjtms, eg proluddkôj lm crutgs
dorrmlor Gtgegyg-Hgrkgto-Wum`ro-Ceorms.
skaum guhmjtgjlo. Me rmto hçs khportgjtm pgrg mstm ru`ro eo rmprmsmjtg eg
S. Emdbm
lksdojtkjuklgl lm eg dglmjg lm crèo. Tk `kmj bgy proludtos eèlmrms tgems doho me `gjgjo, egs jgrgjfgs y eg pk÷g qum soj hçs
Eg emdbm dojcrojtg pro`emhgs gsodkglos ge hmrdglo mj me qum
rmskstmjtms, otros doho eg pgpgyg, me hgjao y eg augjç`gjg soj
sm lmsmjvumevm. G hmlkglos lm 0>71 me prkjdkpge dohprglor
pmrmdmlmros y rmqukmrmj smr trgseglglos eo hçs projto posk`em
lm emdbm lme lkstrkto lm Hgrkgto, Jmsteë, gjujdkô uj dgemjlgrko
g sus hmrdglos. \mjkmjlo mj dumjtg me lëdkt y eg `gfg dgeklgl
lm rmdortm lm dohprgs lm emdbm arglo D mj eg zojg. Eg emdbm
lme trgjsportm, egs crutgs qum sm lmstkjgj ge hmrdglo jgdkojge
arglo D sm dohprg pgrg meg`orgr emdbm mvgporglg, dojlmjsglg y
rmakstrgj përlklgs rmegtkvghmjtm memvglgs mj eg cgsm lm eoaèstkdg
uetrgpgstmurkzglg, ru`ros mj qum eg mhprmsg bg vmjklo pmrlkmjlo
lm lkstrk`udkôj, doho sm gjgekzg mj me dgpètueo skaukmjtm.
poskdkôj mj me hmrdglo jgdkojge gjtm eg dohpmtmjdkg lm proludtos khportglos7>. \rgs jmaodkgdkojms sm eemaô g uj gdumrlo doj me dohprglor, pmro eg ghmjgzg lm eg dohpmtmjdkg lm proludtos khportglos skaum vkamjtm6 lm gbè eg khportgjdkg lm rmludkr eos dostos eoaèstkdos lm mstos proludtorms lm pmqum÷g msdgeg.
; Gjmxo \ëdjkdo. \ëdjkdo. Pkmsao lm Lmsgstrm y Glgptgdkôj ge Dgh`ko Dekhçtkdo mj eg Kjcrgmstrudturg Skge. ^roarghg lm gpoyo ge Lmsgrroeeo lm eg Dojmdtkvklgl \mrrktorkge lm eg rmakôj Dmjtrge y Oddklmjtge lm ^gjghç. ^J-E77 Gmt Meksg \mfmrg. ―Emdbm khportglg aoepmg g proludtorms‘. proludtorms‘. Eg ^rmjsg. ^rmjsg. 71 lm Hgyo 0>71.
71 Eg khportgdkôj lmshmlklg lm eçdtmos lurgjtm 0>73 y me prkhmr smhmstrm lm 0>71 provodô uj lmsmqukek`rko mj me hmrdglo eodge qum puso mj rkmsao g eos proludtorms lm emdbm arglo D. Doho mcmdto, eg kjlustrkg jgdkojge lm eçdtmos propuso rmdortgr eg dohprg lm emdbm arglo D g eos agjglmros, dgjdmegr geaujgs rutgs lm g`gstmdkhkmjto y `gfgr me prmdko lme ektro ge proludtor. Dbkrkquè, Eos Tgjtos y Bmrrmrg soj egs provkjdkgs lm hgyor proluddkôj lm emdbm arglo D. Mj me öetkho smhmstrm, ge hmrdglo eodge eemagroj lm khportgdkôj me qumso hozzgrmeeg, yoaur, emdbms mj sus dgtmaorègs mvgporglg, uklg y mj poevo lmsdrmhglg, y eos sudmlçjmos (khktgdkojms) lm eçdtmo, eo duge provodô ujg `gfg mj eg meg`orgdkôj lm proludtos eodgems. Me so`rmg`gstmdkhkmjto propkdkô uj mxdmlmjtm lm 4>%
mj eg kjlustrkg eçdtmg eodge. Me kjarmso lm mstos proludtos cum khpuesglo por eg vkamjdkg lm eos trgtglos dohmrdkgems y eg dgèlg lm prmdkos kjtmrjgdkojgems. Tkj mh`grao, msto jo sm rmmfg mj eos prmdkos ge dojsuhklor dojsuhklor.. ^grg trgtgr lm mqukek`rgr me hmrdglo, me Mstglo dohprô me mxdmlmjtm lm emdbm g eg kjlustrkg pgrg g`gstmdmr sus proarghgs lm soeklgrklgl gekhmjtgrkg. Me Ag`kjmtm tgh`këj gpro`ô su`kr me grgjdme lm khportgdkôj lme qumso hozzgrmeeg y lm eos sudmlçjmos lm eçdtmos lme 7=% ge 4>%. Mstg holkdgdkôj lme lmrmdbo lm khportgdkôj grgjdmegrko sm mjhgrdg lmjtro lm eos tmdbos grgjdmegrkos dojsoeklglos por ^gjghç gjtm eg Oragjkzgdkôj Hujlkge lme Dohmrdko (OHD). Cumjtm6 Gg.Sv. ―Pglkoargcèg lme smdtor eçdtmo mj ^gjghç‘. Eg ^rmjsg. 74 gaosto 0>71.
SK. ^msdg ―Eos agjglmros jos dohprohmtmhos g hmforgr eg Me rmto hçs khportgjtm lme smdtor pmsqumro mj eg zojg lmrkvg lm su dgrçdtmr grtmsgjge. Me lmdkmjtm mstglo lm dojsmrvgdkôj amjëtkdg, eg jutrkdkôj y hgjmfo g eo egrao lm eg dglmjg lm crèo sm trgludm mj përlklg lm lme agjglo mj egs cjdgs‘ Mudeklms Lègz Hkmh`ro lm eg Gsodkgdkôj Jgdkojge lm Agjglmros
proludto o përlklg lm vgeor lme hksho, gsè doho pro`emhgs lm kjoduklgl qum sm trgseglgj ge dojsuhklor jge. Mj uj proludto pmrmdmlmro doho mstm, me tkmhpo lm trgjsportm ms lmtmrhkjgjtm mj su vkg`keklgl dohmrdkge y sgjktgrkg. G ujg lmdkmjtm dglmjg sm em suhgj me gegraghkmjto lm tkmhpos lm trgymdto lurgjtm egs ëpodgs lm eeuvkg, mj qum me proludtor mstç khposk`kektglo lm sgdgr me proludto. Mstm cgdtor ms rmportglo por me hujkdkpko doho uj pro`emhg crmdumjtm . 77
77 Gg.Sv Gg.Sv.. ―Gjtmdmlmj ―Gjtmdmlmjtms tms y fustkdgdkôj pgrg eg vgrkgjtm lm rkmsaos. ^roymdto6 Pmbg`kektgdkôj dorrmlor Gtgegyg-Hgrkgto-Wum`ro-Ceorms (7>>.= Ih) y rghge Sgrglmro (77.7 Ih). ^mjèjsueg lm Gzumro, Smrgaugs.‘ HO^/@KL.0>72.
g ;>% po`egdkôj rurge 5 0=%
dumrpos lm gaug
khpgdto rmegtkvo lme mfm vkge Dgeklgl lm eg rml vkge y eodgekzgdkôj lm eg gdtkvklgl proludtkvg Eos cgdtorms qum hçs gcmdtgj eg lkspojk`keklgl lm eg rml vkge mj ^gjghç soj egs eeuvkgs (qum, doho sm sm÷geô gjtmrkorhmjtm, ms uj cmjôhmjo qum humstrg ujg tmjlmjdkg lm kjdrmhmjto) y eg cgetg lm hgjtmjkhkmjto. Mstm öetkho bg dojlkdkojglo eg eodgekzgdkôj mj me çrmg lm kjumjdkg, yg qum sk `kmj eg lkstgjdkg mjtrm Ceorms y Tgjtkgao jo ms mxdmskvg, ujg `gfg vmeodklgl lm dkrduegdkôj lm`klo g hgegs dojlkdkojms vkgems m kjtmrrupdkoj kjtmrrupdkojms ms crmdumjtms, kjdrmhmjtg
Ckaurg ;. ^ropordkôj lm eg po`egdkôj rurge mdojôhkdghmjtm gdtkvg lmlkdglg g eg e g garkdueturg garkdueturg. 0>7>. Cumjtm6 meg`orgdkôj propkg doj lgtos lme Dmjso Jgdkojge lm ^o`egdkôj y Skvkmjlg 0>7>.
mcmdtkvghmjtm eg ―lkstgjdkg‘ pmrdk`klg por me usugrko m khpgdtg mj eos tkmhpos lm vkgfm lm eos proludtorms g eos dmjtros lm gdopko, lkstrk`udkôj o dojsuho. Mstm mcmdto ms hgyor sk sm dojsklmrgj
Gjtm mstg sktugdkôj sm pumlm kjcmrkr qum ujg hmforg mj eg gddmsk`keklgl gddmsk`kekl gl
tkmhpos lm vkgfm totgems bgstg Dkulgl lm ^gjghç o bgdkg ^gso
kjumjdkgrç eg mvoeudkôj lm eg garkdueturg lm su`skstmjdkg y cghkekgr
Dgjogs, crojtmrg doj Dostg Pkdg.
bgdkg eg garkdueturg dohmrdkge. ]jg hmfor dojmdtkvklgl pmrhktm me trgjsportm hçs mdkmjtm lm proludtos, hmlkgjtm me uso lm vmbèdueos
Doho sm gjgekzô gjtmrkorhmjtm, me jöhmro lm mxpeotgdkojms
lm hgyor tghg÷o y eg rmluddkôj lm eos dostos opmrgdkojgems y
lm eg provkjdkg ms huy geto mj dohpgrgdkôj doj Dbkrkquè, eo qum
gsodkglos g lmhorgs y g kjtmrrupdkojms, eos dugems tkmjmj uj khpgdto
mj pgrtm rmmfg podg mxpeotgdkôj y, por mjlm, kjlkdg ujg hgyor
memvglo mj dglmjgs dortgs lm `kmjms kjlkcmrmjdkglos lm jgturgemzg
propordkôj rmegtkvg lm eg garkdueturg lm su`skstmjdkg y cghkekgr. Tm polrèg gsuhkr qum msto rmmfg eg mxkstmjdkg lm lmskjdmjtkvos g eg
garèdoeg y pmdugrkg. Gskhksho, pmrhktm amjmrgr ujg hmfor lkjçhkdg mj me g`gstmdkhkmjto lm kjsuhos pgrg eg proluddkôj (pmstkdklgs,
eodgekzgdkôj lm gdtkvklglms mj hgyor msdgeg.
g`ojos, mtd.), amjmrgjlo ujg hmfor amstkôj lme kjvmjtgrko. ^or otro eglo, mjtrmvkstgs g proludtorms eodgems rmmfgroj su kjtmjdkôj
Pmcorzgjlo eg klmg gjtmrkor, eg aurg ; humstrg eg memvglg
lm kjdrmhmjtgr kjvmrskojms mj tmdjkdgdkôj lm egs jdgs pgrg
lmpmjlmjdkg lm eg po`egdkôj rurge g eg gdtkvklgl garèdoeg mj me
kjdrmhmjtgr su proludtkvklgl por bmdtçrmg smh`rglg, lmstgdgjlo
çrmg lm kjumjdkg lm egs kjtmrvmjdkojms, mj pgrtkduegr ge sur,
qum ëstgs smrègj potmjdkglgs mj hgyor corhg doj ujg rml lm
mj me lkstrkto lm Hgrkgto. Mstg lmpmjlmjdkg ms hudbo hmjor
dohujkdgdkojms mj hmfor mstglo.
mj eg hmlklg mj qum ujo sm gproxkhg ge jortm, bgdkg Tgjtkgao lm Smrgaugs, dgpktge y dmjtro prkjdkpge lm eg gdtkvklgl tmrdkgrkg lm eg
Me dgso lm eg provkjdkg lm Dbkrkquè mj ^gjghç ms ujg mvklmjdkg
provkjdkg.
lme khpgdto6 ge dojtgr doj hmfor gddmsk`keklgl, eg provkjdkg bg mvoeudkojglo g ujg proluddkôj hçs kjtmjskvg doj hmjor jöhmro lm mxpeotgdkojms, hostrgjlo gsè ujg mvoeudkôj lm ujg garkdueturg lm su`skstmjdkg bgdkg ujg garkdueturg dohmrdkge.
=>
Suejmr Suejmrg`keklgl g`keklgl ge dgh`ko dekhçtkdo d ekhçtkdo y dojtrk`udkôj lm eg rml vkge
yg geaujos duetkvos. Eg hmforg lme prkjdkpge mfm vkge lm eg zojg,
Tmaöj me Arupo Dojsuetkvo mj Kjvmstkagdkôj Garèdoeg
mcmdtos dekhçtkdos, propkdkgrç ujg hgyor rmskstmjdkg lm eg
Kjtmrjgdkojge (DAKGP por sus skaegs mj kjaeës) egs tkmrrgs garèdoegs
proluddkôj g cuturo. G hmlkgjo pegzo, rmludkr mstg `grrmrg
lm eg zojg lm kjumjdkg lm egs kjtmrvmjdkojms prmsmjtgj ujg
kjkdkge cgvormdmrç me ro`ustmdkhkmjto lm eg proluddkôj eodge
vuejmrg`keklgl hmlkg g `gfg ge dgh`ko dekhçtkdo. \ge doho
amjmrgjlo mxdmlmjtms sudkmjtms qum propkdkmj eg glopdkôj
sm humstrg mj eg aurg 7>, egs zojgs doj vuejmrg`keklgl hçs
lm `umjgs prçdtkdgs lm gehgdmjghkmjto y prmsmrvgdkôj lm eg
memvglg soj eos lkstrktos lm Dg÷gzgs, Egs Hmsgs y Pèo lm Fmsös,
dglmjg lm crèo, mjtrm otrgs.
qum rmspojlm g mstçjlgrms glgptglos g eg hgyor prmskôj por
lm eg provkjdkg lm Smrgaugs y pgrtm lm eg provkjdkg lm Bmrrmrg. Hmjor Hmlkg
Hgyor ^o`egdkôj rurge 5 0=%
Dumrpos lm gaug
]j gjçeksks prmekhkjgr lm vuejmrg`keklgl rmgekzglo por me @KL doj me gpoyo lme Lmpgrtghmjto lm Amstkôj lm Pkmsao Hujkdkpge lm Hgrkgto (0>72), klmjtkdô me rkmsao por kjujlgdkôj mj me çrmg lm kjumjdkg lme dorrmlor Gtgegyg-Hgrkgto-Wum`roCeorms mj Smrgaugs doho ujg pro`emhçtkdg rmdurrmjtm, lm holo gjuge mj dkjdo dorrmakhkmjtos g dgusg lme lms`orlghkmjto lm eos rèos Tugy, ^geo Tmdo, Bkaumrojoso, Wum`ro, ^gvo, ^egyktg y Sgrglmro, y lm geaujgs qum`rglgs dgulgeosgs. Mstos mvmjtos
Tgjtg Hgrèg
bgj dgusglo lg÷os ge smdtor garèdoeg y agjglmro, gsè doho g egs vkvkmjlgs, pmro tgh`këj cumrtms lg÷os g eg kjcrgmstrudturg vkge9 mj me 0>>< sm vkmroj gcmdtglos 4 ih lm ujg vèg gscgetglg mj Wum`ro y < ih lm vèg gscgetglg mj Dgsdgfkeeoso-Grmjgs9 mj me
Ckaurg 7>. Suejmrg`keklgl lme smdtor garèdoeg ge dgh`ko dekhçtkdo. 0>7773 bu`o gcmdtgdkôj dojsklmrg`em mj uj pumjtm y ujg vèg9 mj jovkmh`rm lm 0>71 bu`o ujg pgrgekzgdkôj lme trçdo, y mjtrm me 0>71 y me 0>72 bu`o cumrtms lg÷os g uj pumjtm (doegpso lm eosg lm gddmso y sodgvgdkôj mj pkegs) y g vègs rurgems lm gddmso
Tkj mh`grao, gujqum mj hmjor arglo qum otrgs pgrtms lme
ge dorrmlor vkge (sodgvgdkôj lme tmrrgpeëj). Mstm mstulko kjdeuyô
pgès, eg zojg ms susdmptk`em ge dgh`ko, eo qum sm rmmfg mj egs
uj ekstglo lmtgeeglo lm lkstkjtos tkpos lm lg÷os g eg dgrrmtmrg
udtugdkojms lm eos duetkvos doho rmsuetglo lm kjtmjsos
klmjtkdglos por su pujto ikeohëtrkdo y ujg lmsdrkpdkôj lm
pmrèolos lm eeuvkg y lm smquègs. \ge doho sm sm÷geô mj me
eg gcmdtgdkôj, lojlm sm pumlm vmr uj argj jöhmro lm lg÷os
dgpètueo gjtmrkor, eos proludtorms lm argjos (hgèz y grroz) bgj
mj pumjtms, pro`emhgs doj eos lrmjgfms y sodgvgdkojms lm
klo optkhkzgjlo sus skstmhgs proludtkvos, pmro g pmsgr lm meeo egs supmrdkms duetkvglgs bgj lkshkjuklo, eo qum mj pgrtm
tgeulms. Pmcmrmjtm g otrgs ghmjgzgs jgturgems, mj me 0>71 sm mvklmjdkgroj geaujos lmsekzghkmjtos so`rm eg dgezglg lme
rmmfg eg hmjor dgpgdklgl lm glgptgrsm ge rkmsao por pgrtm lm
dorrmlor Gtgegyg-Ceorms y geaujgs dgèlgs lm çr`oems so`rm eg
geaujos proludtorms. ^rmvkghmjtm sm sm÷geô qum eos mstulkos
vèg por dgusg lm vkmjtos cumrtms qum amjmrgroj o`struddkôj lme
rmgekzglos por me hujkdkpko lm Hgrkgto rmvmegroj me khpgdto
trçdo y lg÷os g vmbèdueos. Doho rmdohmjlgdkojms kjkdkgems
rmge qum sucrmj eos proludtorms por kjujlgdkojms y lg÷os
suram eg jmdmsklgl lm dojtmhpegr, pgrg eos lksm÷os lm jumvgs
lm egs vègs lurgjtm me pmrèolo lm eeuvkgs, qum sm trgludmj mj
o`rgs lm rmbg`kektgdkôj, eg kjdeuskôj lm mvmjtos mxtrmhos mj
përlklg lm dosmdbgs y lm agjglo.
eos mstulkos bklroeôakdos m bklrçuekdos g rmgekzgr, doj me o`fmto lm mvgeugr eg ghmjgzg por kjujlgdkôj qum pumlm gcmdtgr g egs
G eos pro`emhgs dekhçtkdos sm ems suhgj glmhçs eg cgetg lm
kjcrgmstrudturgs, kjcrgmstrudtur gs, tmjkmjlo mj dumjtg egs soekdktgdkojms bèlrkdgs
ujg kjcrgmstrudturg vkge rmskstmjtm y lm dgeklgl, por eo qum
g utkekzgr mj me lksm÷o lm egs kjcrgmstrudturgs y eos skstmhgs
eg dojsmdumjdkg kjhmlkgtg ms eg përlklg lm eg proluddkôj.
lm lrmjgfms lm eg vèg. Mstos gjçeksks lm`mrçj dojsklmrgr egs
G hmlkgjo pegzo, eg jo kjtmrvmjdkôj sm trgludkrç mj ujg
dumjdgs lm eos rèos Tgj ^mlro y Wum`ro.
lkshkjudkôj lm eg gdtkvklgl dohmrdkge tge doho eo mvklmjdkgj
=7
Khpgdto lme proarghg mj me smdtor lm eoaèstkdg lm dgrags
dglmjgs \kpoeoaèg lm dglmjgs y lmsmhpm÷o eoaèstkdo
KK. Khpgdtos potmjdkgems
Egs dglmjgs eoaèstkdgs gjgekzglgs soj dortgs, ms lmdkr, doj podgs
Tm bg dojsklmrglo qum eos khpgdtos potmjdkgems qum pumlm tmjmr
cgsms, eo qum dorrmspojlm g dglmjgs lm proludtos dgtmaorkzglos
eg rmbg`kektgdkôj lme mfm vkge mj eg zojg proludtkvg lm kjumjdkg
doho kjlkcmrmjdkglos o dohholktkms dohholktkms lm `gfo vgeor. Mstos
soj `çskdghmjtm lm trms tkpos6
proludtos soj huy susdmptk`ems g eos pro`emhgs lm lmsmhpm÷o qum khpgdtgj eos dostos eoaèstkdos lm corhg lkrmdtg m kjlkrmdtg,
•
Kjdrmhmjto lm eg dosmdbg doho dojsmdumjdkg lme guhmjto
por eo qum sm lmludm qum ujg hmforg mj eg dgeklgl lme gddmso vkge
lm eg supmrdkm dosmdbglg ge pmrhktkr eg mvoeudkôj lm eg
rmakojge tmjlrç rmpmrduskojms mj su mdkmjdkg.
gdtkvklgl lm su`skstmjdkg y garkduetur garkdueturgg dohmrdkge lm pmqum÷g msdgeg bgdkg ujg garkdueturg dohmrdkge lm hgyor msdgeg.
Lkdbo khpgdto smrç vgrkg`em mj cujdkôj lm eg dglmjg. ^grg ujg
•
dglmjg huy susdmptk`em ge mjtorjo dohpmtktkvo, egs hmforgs lm gddmsk`keklgl eg lotgrçj lm hmforms bmrrghkmjtgs pgrg hgjtmjmr
Hmforg lm eg dgeklgl, dgpgdklgl y dostos lm trgjsportm, y, y, por mjlm, rmluddkôj lm eos dostos eoaèstkdos lkrmdtos m kjlkrmdtos.
•
Pmluddkôj lm hmrhgs hmrhgs y përlklgs përlklgs por lg÷os ge proludto mj
sus dostos eoaèstkdos `gfo dojtroe y polmr sgdgr provmdbo lm
eg cgsm lm trgjsportm lm`klo g eg dgeklgl lm eg rml vkge,
ujg hmfor dgeklgl lm trgjsportm, mj tgjto qum ujg qum opmrm mj
mj pgrtkduegr por aoepms y përlklgs vkjdueglgs g lmhorgs.
uj gh`kmjtm hçs mstg`em sm gprovmdbgrç dgsk kjhmlkgtghmjtm lm lkdbo hmforghkmjto. Lm kauge corhg, ujg dglmjg qum lm`m
Tk `kmj tolos eos `mjmdkos sm trgludmj mj hmjorms dostos
utkekzgr vmbèdueos lm `gfg dgpgdklgl, lojlm egs dojlkdkojms
eoaèstkdos, sm mstkhg pmrtkjmjtm bgdmr mstg lkcmrmjdkgdkôj doj
vkgems rmpmrdutmj mj me tkmhpo lm trgymdto y mj eg kjdgpgdklgl lm trgjsportgr voeöhmjms hçs memvglos, sm vmrç `mjmdkglg
me j lm mvktgr amjmrgekzgdkojms qum jo sm dorrmspojlgj doj me mjtorjo qum mjcrmjtg dglg proludto. Ms mvklmjtm qum tolos eos
posktkvghmjtm posktkvghmj tm por egs hmforgs mj eg rml vkge.
khpgdtos lmsdrktos mstçj mstrmdbghmjtm kjtmrrmegdkojglos, rgzôj por eg duge ge jge sm kjdeuym ujg gprmdkgdkôj pojlmrglg lme khpgdto jge. Doho sm dktô prmvkghmjtm, jo sm bg kjdeuklo jkjaöj khpgdto mj eg oragjkzgdkôj lm egs dglmjgs eoaèstkdgs porqum mstos cgdtorms soj hçs kjbmrmjtms g eg hglurmz lm egs dglmjgs y jo sm rmegdkojgj lkrmdtghmjtm doj egs kjvmrskojms vkgems. Lm bmdbo, yg bgy vgrkgs gddkojms qum mstçj skmjlo eemvglgs g dg`o ge rmspmdto por me ao`kmrjo mj tërhkjos lm rmcorhgs rmauegtorkgs, por eg Tmdrmtgrèg lm Dglmjg lm Crèo y Hmrdglos Jgdkojgems lm eg Dglmjg lm Crèo y me Kjstktuto lm Hmrdglmo Garèdoeg, ge hgramj lm egs hmforgs vkgems, gsè qum ms lkcèdke polmr lkcmrmjdkgr eos `mjmdkos mxdeuskvos qum rmsuetgrègj lm mstgs öetkhgs.
=0
Kjdrmhmjto lm eg dosmdbg doho dojsmdumjdkg lme guhmjto lm eg supmrdkm dosmdbglg
Mj eo qum rmspmdtg g eg dgrjm lm poeeo, lglo qum eg proluddkôj
Me potmjdkge lme kjdrmhmjto lm eg dosmdbg doho dojsmdumjdkg
skhkegrms mj dmjtros uj podo hçs lkstgjtms, gprovmdbgjlo eos
lme kjdrmhmjto lm eg supmrdkm dosmdbglg, pgrtm lm eg prmhksg
hmjorms dostos lm proluddkôj, pmro msto lm`m smr mvgeuglo mj
lm qum ujg hmfor gddmsk`keklgl pumlm cgvormdmr eg kjstgegdkôj
me dojtmxto amjmrge lm eg kjlustrkg dojsklmrgjlo eg posk`keklgl
lm jumvgs mhprmsgs y mxpeotgdkojms garèdoegs y pmdugrkgs,
lm uj khpgdto `gfo. To`rm eg dgrjm `ovkjg, tmjkmjlo mj dumjtg
gsè doho eg mvoeudkôj lm eg garkdueturg cghkekgr bgdkg ujg
qum ms ujg trglkdkôj mj eg zojg, me proymdto cgvormdmrèg
garkdueturg dohmrdkge doj me dojsmdumjtm kjdrmhmjto lme
me kjdrmhmjto lm eg proluddkôj, rmludkmjlo eos dostos lm
tghg÷o lm pgrdmeg y, por mjlm, lm egs mdojohègs lm msdgeg.
eoaèstkdg y por meeo eos prmdkos lm vmjtg, eo qum pmrhktkrèg g eos
sm lg prkjdkpgehmjtm mj Tgjtkgao, ujg hmfor gddmsk`keklgl polrèg cgvormdmr g hmlkgjo pegzo eg eodgekzgdkôj lm mhprmsgs
proludtorms mjcrmjtgrsm hmfor ge gh`kmjtm dohpmtktkvo y ge Eg sktugdkôj ms vgrkg`em smaöj eg dglmjg eoaèstkdg qum sm
dgh`ko lm tmjlmjdkgs qum mjcrmjtg.
dojsklmrm. Mj me dgso lm eos proludtos garèdoegs, tolos soj mstgdkojgems pmro doj arglo vgrkg`em. Geaujos doho me grroz
Eg emdbm ms ujg dglmjg qum tgh`këj polrèg `mjmdkgrsm por
y me hgèz soj susdmptk`ems g kjtmrrupdkojms mj me trgjsportm
me hmfor gddmso ge dmjtro lm gdopko lm Hgrkgto, pmro tmjkmjlo
lme proludto lmslm eg jdg g eos skeos y dmjtros lm lkstrk`udkôj,
mj dumjtg me mjtorjo dohpmtktkvo garmskvo qum mjcrmjtgj
gsè doho sus pegjtgdkojms soj susdmptk`ems g egs getmrgdkojms
egs mhprmsgs, sm mstkhg qum eg soeg gddmsk`keklgl jo smrç
dekhçtkdgs. Me gjçeksks lm hmrdglo hostrô qum me hgèz ms hçs
me öjkdo cgdtor lmtmrhkjgjtm mj prohovmr uj kjdrmhmjto
susdmptk`em ge hmrdglo qum me grroz por su dgrçdtmr hçs pmrmdmlmro, eo qum sm trgludm mj eg rmluddkôj lm eg supmrdkm
lm eg proluddkôj.
duetkvglg. Dugequkmr rmluddkôj lm eos dostos eoaèstkdos mj gh`os
Ckjgehmjtm, mj eo qum rmspmdtg ge pmsdglo, dkmrtghmjtm ujg hmfor gddmsk`keklgl g eos sktkos lm gdopko lm eg dostg pumlm prohovmr ujg mxpeotgdkôj mxpeotgdkôj hçs kjtmjskvg, so`rm tolo sk msto vkmjm gdohpg÷glo lm hmlklgs orkmjtglgs g hmforgr tolg eg eoaèstkdg lm lkstrk`udkôj y, mj pgrtkduegr, eg dglmjg lm crèo.
dgsos pumlm trgludkrsm mj uj kjdrmhmjto lm eg proluddkôj, pmro pro`g`emhmjtm mstm dgh`ko smg hçs lrçstkdo mj me hgèz qum mj me grroz pumsto qum sm bg tmdjkdglo y sm gedgjzgroj jkvmems lm proludtkvklgl hçs memvglos9 skj mh`grao, msto jo mxdeuym qum gh`os proludtos sm vmgj `mjmdkglos lm ujg hgyor proludtkvklgl por egs hmforgs mj eg dojmdtkvklgl. Egs crutgs soj proludklgs mj tolg eg provkjdkg, pmro jo soj
prmlohkjgjtms mj eg zojg lm kjumjdkg lm egs kjtmrvmjdkojms. Tkj mh`grao, egs mjdumstgs rmgekzglgs g proludtorms mj me lkstrkto lm Hgrkgto kjlkdgj qum jumvm lm meeos (04%) bgj sucrklo përlklgs mj prohmlko lm 77%7, lm`klo ge lmtmrkoro lm proludtos pmrmdmlmros lurgjtm su trgjsportm, doho dojsmdumjdkg lme hge mstglo lm eg vèg. ^or mstg rgzôj sm dojsklmrg qum me khpgdto lm egs hmforgs mj me kjdrmhmjto lm eg supmrdkm duetkvglg pgrg mstm proludto smrç geto, mj pgrtkduegr pgrg egs crutgs huy pmrmdmlmrgs.
7 Mjdumstgs g proludtorms lm Smrgaugs Smrgaugs mj me hgrdo lme ^roarghg ^J-E77>2.
• Gg. Sv. ―Gjtmdmlmjtms y fustkdgdkôj pgrg eg vgrkgjtm
lm rkmsaos. ^roymdto6 Pmbg`kektgdkôj dorrmlor GtgegygHgrkgto-Wum`ro-Ceormss (7>>,= ih) y rghge Sgrglmro Hgrkgto-Wum`ro-Ceorm Sgrglmro (77,7 ih). ^mjèjsueg lm Gzumro, Smrgaugs.‘ Hujkdkpko lm Hgrkgto. Lmpgrtghmjto lm Amstkôj lm Pkmsao Hujkdkpge. HO^/@KL. 0>72. • Gg. Sv. Dmjso
garopmdugrko 0>77. HKLG. ^gjghç. 0>77.
• Gg. Sv. Hmhorkg
0>73-0>71 HO^. HO^. Ao`kmrjo lm eg Pmpö`ekdg lm ^gjghç.
• Gg. Sv. ^egj Jgdkojge lm Gddkôj pgrg eg ^msdg Tostmjk`em mj
^gjghç.. GPG^. 0>71. ^gjghç • Gg. Sv. ^egj Jgdkojge lm Eoaèstkdg lm
Dgrags lm ^gjghç. ^gjghç.
^JEOA. @KL. 0>773. Mj pgjghmrkdgjg.doh.pg • Gg. Sv. ^roymdto lm rmbg`kektgdkôj lm skeos Eg @grrmrg
(Smrgaugs).. Kjstktuto lm Hmrdglmo Garèdoeg. ^gjghç. (Smrgaugs) ^gjghç. 0>771. ^rmjsg • Gg. Sv. ―Pkmsao lm Lmsgstrm y Glgptgdkôj ge Dgh`ko
Dekhçtkdo mj eg Kjcrgmstrudtur Kjcrgmstrudturgg Skge. ^roarghg lm gpoyo ge Lmsgrroeeo lm eg Dojmdtkvklgl \mrrktorkge \mrrktorkge lm eg rmakôj Dmjtrge y Oddklmjtge lm ^gjghç.‘ Gjmxo ^J-E7773‘. Kjstktuto Jgdkojge lm Mstglèstkdg y Dmjso (KJMD). 0>73‘. 0>71.
• L. Aumvgrg. Dglmjg garogekhmjtgrkg lm eg emdbm. Lmsgcèos pgrg
eg dojsoeklgdkôj lm eg dglmjg lm eg emdbm. emdbm . HKLG. 0>70. • F.M. Skeegrrmge. Bgdkg uj ^egj
lm Khpemhmjtgdkôj Pmakojge mj me hgjmfo sostmjk`em lme sumeo. sumeo. 0>7=.
• Fosë Hgjume Glghs. ―Argj lmtmrkoro mj pumrtos lme
^gdèdo mj Smrgaugs‘. ^gjghç Ghërkdg. Ghërkdg. 0; lm hgyo 0>7=. Mj bttps6//www.pgjghgghmrkdg.doh.pg • Hmequèglms Sçsqumz. ―^rodmsghkmjto ―^rodmsghkmjto lm
grroz mj
Smrgaugs‘. Drètkdg Drètkdg.. Mj drktkdg.doh.pg • Gmt Meksg \mfmrg ―Emdbm khportglg aoepmg g proludtorms‘.
Eg ^rmjsg. ^rmjsg. 71 lm hgyo 0>71. • Gmt Meksg \mfmrg. ―Pglkoargcèg lme smdtor eçdtmo mj
• Hkrtg Polrèaumz ^. ―Tu`m eg proluddkôj lm grroz y hgèz
pmro eg supmrdkm smh`rglg jo hmforg.‘ Eg mstrmeeg lm ^gjghç.. 7= cm`rmro 0>72. Mj egmstrmeeg.doh.pg ^gjghç
^gjghç.‘ Eg ^rmjsg.74 ^rmjsg.74 gaosto 0>71. • P. Hormjo. Amoargcèg lm ^gjghç. ^gjghç. 0>7=.
• Degulkg @ourojdem y otros. ―Eg garkdueturg mj ^gjghç y
me dgh`ko dekhçtkdo6 ¿Lôjlm mstçj egs prkorklglms pgrg pgrg eg glgptgdkôj?‘. DAKGP. 0>771
3=
Dojmdtkvklgl vkge y su dojtrk`udkôj ge skstmhg eoaèstkdo eodge
Gjmxos
Gjmxos
g. Gjmxo 7 Mstglèstkdgs lm proluddkôj lm duetkvos pmrhgjmjtms, provkjdkg lm Smrgaugs
32
Mxpeotgdkojms ^rovkjdkg, dohgrdg kjlèamjg y duetkvo
\otge
Doj duetkvo dohpgdto
Jöhmro lm pegjtgs
Doj duetkvo jo dohpgdto
\otge
Mj mlgl proludtkvg
Dosmdbg Dgjtklgl
]jklgl
Wukjtge pkeglo Pgdkho Dkmjto ]jklgl Dkmjto Dkmjto Ek`rg ]jklgl ]jklgl Wukjtge Dkmjto Dkmjto Dkmjto Dkmjto
^gjghç Dgcë @gjgjo o aukjmo ^eçtgjo ^gpgyg Jgrgjfg lm fuao Jgrgjfg kjfmrtglg Dgdgo ^k÷g ^gehg lm dodo Gdbkotm Gaugdgtm Ekhôj \orojfg Hgjao
;< 444 00.=3< 4.2=4 7;.3;; 2>.;=0 4.;13 3 ;.>2= 77;.;=7 =;;.3;> 04> 74.=73 7=.1>= 7.1=> 4=.4 40.2=0 7;
4
0
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