Conductos A Superficie Libre

 

Ebtns? Mnpátucb Xrls Icu`b le mbehumtbs n suplrigmgl cgdrl (Mnencls) \egvlrsghnh Enmgbenc hl Mbcbadgn Inmuctnh hl Gefleglrán Hlpnrtnaletb hl Gefleglrán Mgvgc y Nfrámbcn Mursb Kghrîucgmn Dîsgmn

GEXTBH\MMGÝE  Cns Cns ebtns ebtns prl prlsle sletls tls le lst lstl l hbm hbmua ualet letb b sbe pnr pnrtl tl hl hlcc lst lstuh uhgb gb y lxp lxpcgcgmnm mnmgýe gýe hl cns hgnpbsgtgvns hl cn prlsletnmgýe hlc mnpátucb = hl cbs tlans hl cn nsgfenturn Kghrîucgmn Dîsgmn. IC\@B LE MBEH\MXB] N ]\ZLTIGMGL CGDTL Cn prgemgpnc hgilrlemgn letrl cbs icu`bs le mnencls y cbs icu`bs le tudlráns ls qul cbs prgalrbs hldle tlelr uen suplrigmgl cgdrl, pbr lc mbetrnrgb, le cns tudlráns lc icu`b hldl cclenr pbr  mbapcltb lc mbehumtb. Lc icu`b le ue mnenc lstî sbaltghb n cn prlsgýe ntabsiçrgmn.

Cn igfurn igfurn prl prlsle sletn tn cn mba mbapn pnrnm rnmgýe gýe le letrl trl cbs hbs tgp tgpbs bs hl icu icu`b `bss ale alemgb mgbenh enhbs, bs, mba mbab b sndlabs le cn gzquglrhn tlelabs cn tudlrán y nccá cn hgstrgdumgýe hl mndlzns hl pbsgmgýe,  prlsgýe y vlcbmghn vlcbmghnh h cns muncls ibrane cns cáelns hl frnhgletl kghrîucgmb y cáeln hl lelrfán mbab mbrrlspbehl. Le cn igfurn hl cn hlrlmkn sl rlprlsletn lc icu`b le ue mnenc, sl supbel ue icu`b pnrnclcb y  mbe uen hgstr hgstrgd gdumg umgýe ýe hl vlc vlcbmg bmghnh hnhls ls ue uegib gibral ral.. Cn sup suplri lrigm gmgl gl hlc nfun nfun ls cn cáe cáeln ln hl frnhgletl kghrîucgmb. Cbs mîcmucbs pnrn mnencls sbe aîs mbapcl`bs qul cns tudlráns puls cns mbehgmgbels iásgmns vnráne aumkb aîs, mbab cn pbsgmgýe hl cn suplrigmgl cgdrl hlc nfun b cn plehgletl hlc ibehb hlc mnenc, nhlaîs ls hgiámgc bdtlelr hntbs lxplrgaletncls mbeigndcls hl icu`bs n suplrigmgl cgdrl. Le cns tudlráns cns slmmgbels trnesvlrsncls lstîe hligeghns pbr cn flbaltrán hlc mbehumtb, agletrns qul le cbs mnencls vnráne tnetb hl ibrans flbaltrgmns rlfucnrl rlfucnrlss knstn cns ibrans grrlfucnrls le cns qul sl lemuletrne cbs icu`bs enturncls. Mbe rlsplmtb n cn suplrigmgl getlren cns tudlráns tglele ue rnefb hl rufbsghnhls mbebmghb  pbr cn indrgmnmgýe hl lccns, plrb le mnencls vnrán tnetb mbab lc cufnr le lc qul sl

 

lemuletrne, nsá sl pulhle lembetrnr vnrgnmgbels hlshl antlrgncls mbevlemgbencls knstn clmkbs hl rábs. Le flelrnc le lc icu`b hl mnencls cn gemlrtghuadrl ls anybr mbe rlcnmgýe n cns vnrgndcls iásgmns, lstb knml qul lc al`br açtbhb pnrn lc mîcmucb hl lstl icu`b sln lapárgmb y cb sgfn sglehb le cn nmtuncghnh. Xgpbs hl mnencls Enturncls prgsaîtgmbs)0 Mbemlregletl Mbemlregl etls nrligl ibran hl ns susmnr vnrgndcls mbab lc  nemkb nemkb b cn(Eb nc nctur turn, n, cbs cbs mne mnenc ncls ls ent entur urncl ncls rlcniglrle rle nflbaçtrgmn nqu nqulc lccbs cbs muy muyns mnrnmt nmtlrá lrástg stgmn mnss hl flbaltrán, nc alebs uen, vnrán mbeibral cn cbefgtuh hlc mnenc nualetn.  Nrtgigmgncls (Zrgsaîtgmbs)0 Zbr lc mbetrnrgb, cbs mnencls prgsaîtgmbs anetglele cn ibran y  anfegtuh hl cns vnrgndcls hl flbaltrán n cb cnrfb hlc icu`b. Cbs mnencls mnencls ndglrtbs y mlrrnhbs  tnadgçe sbe uen mcnsgigmnmgýe hl cbs mnencls, nuequl lc  icu`b hletrb hl uen tudlrán hl nfuns ccuvgns lstç mlrrnhb tglel suplrigmgl hl nfun cgdrl, nsá  qul sl mcnsgigmn mbab tnc, plrb sl hgilrlemgn pbr tlelr ue mlrrnagle mlrrnagletb, tb, eb nsá hl cbs mnencls ndglrtbs mbab cb slrán ue mnenc hl mbetrbc pnrn ue ráb le uen zben urdnen.  prbpýsgtb cbs mnencls pulhle slr mcnsgigmnhbs tnadgçe le ndnstlmgagletb b hl ]lfðe ]lfð e su su prbpýsgtb hrlen`l.. hrlen`l Lclaletbs flbaçtrgmbs hl ue mnenc  ]be cns prbpglhnhls hl uen hl mnenc qul slsl pulhle hligegr pbrcns cn rlcnmgbels flbaltrán letrl hl cn slmmgýe y cn prbiuehghnh hlc slmmgýe icu`b. Antlaîtgmnaletl pulhle hligegr cbs cbs mb mbap apbe bele letl tlss fl flba baçt çtrg rgmb mbss y ue uen n iýra iýrauc ucn n np nprb rbxg xgan anhn hn le iu iuem emgý gýe e hl vn vnrg rgnd ndcl clss flbaçtrgmns mbab cn prbiuehghnh b lc nemkb hlc icu`b. Cns rlcnmgbels pnrn slmmgbels tápgmns sgapcls sl aulstrne n mbetgeunmgýe.

  Ibran hl cn slmmgýe0

 

Mbab yn sl kn hg Mbab hgmk mkb b pu pulh lhl l vnrg vnrgnr nr au aumk mkb, b, pl plrb rb lxgs lxgstl tle e tnad tnadgç gçe e ibra ibrans ns sg sgap apcl cls, s, mbrrlspbehl n uen slmmgýe trnesvlrsnc alhgdcl hlc icu`b le lc mnenc. Zrbiuehghnh Zrbiuehghn h hlc icu`b (y)0 Ls cn hgstnemgn vlrtgmnc hlshl lc puetb aîs dn`b hl uen slmmgýe knstn cn suplrigmgl cgdrl. Zrbiuehghnh hl icu`b hl cn slmmgýe (h)0 Lsplmáigmnaletl ls cn prbiuehghnh hl icu`b qul ls plrplehgmucnr n cn hgrlmmgýe hlc icu`b.  Npcgmnr hgsmrgagenhnal hgsmrgagenhnaletl etl le lsplmgnc l le e icu`bs mbe ge gemcgenmgýe. mcgenmgýe.  Îrln ab`nh n (N)0 Ls lc ab`nhn îrln hl cn slmmgýe trnesvlrsnc hlc icu`b plrplehgmucnr n cn hgrlmmgýe hl icu`b. Zlráaltrb ab`nhb (Z)0 Ls cn cbefgtuh hl cn cáeln qul hl getlrslmmgýe letrl ue pcneb trnesvlrsnc n cn hgrlmmgýe hl icu`b y cn suplrigmgl ab`nhn hlc mnenc.  Nemkb ]uplrigmgnc ]uplrigmgnc (X)0 Ls lc nemkb hl cn slmmgýe le cn suplrigmgl cgdrl. Tnhgb kghrîucgmb ( T )0 Ls cn rlcnmgýe hlc îrln ab`nhn mbe rlsplmtb n su plráaltrb ab`nhb. Zrbiuehghnh Zrbiuehghn h kghrîucgm kghrîucgmn n (H)0 Ls cn rlcnmgýe letrl lc îrln ab`nhn y lc nemkb suplrigmgnc. Dbrhl cgdrl (I)0 Ls cn hgstnemgn letrl cn ncturn tbtnc hlc mnenc y cn suplrigmgl cgdrl hlc icu`b. Inmtbr hl slmmgýe pnrn lc mîcmucb hl icu`b mrátgmb P0 .<

( P 1 N∖ H )

Inmtbr hl slmmgýe pnrn lc mîcmucb hl icu`b uegibral 4

( P 1 N∖ T ) =

Zlrigc cbefgtuhgenc  Xgpbs hl icu`bs le mnencls Iuemgýe hl cn prbiuehghnh   N. Icu`b plraneletl Lc icu`b ls plraneletl sg cn prbiuehghnh hl icu`b eb mnadgn b sl pulhl supbelr  mbestnetl le ue getlrvncb hl tglapb. -  Icu`b \egibral0 Lc icu`b ls uegibral sg cn prbiuehghnh hl icu`b ls cn agsan le mnhn slmmgýe hlc mnenc. Lc mrgtlrgb ls lc lspnmgb. -  Icu`b Ynrgnhb0 Munehb cn prbiuehghnh hl icu`b mnadgn n cb cnrfb hlc mnenc  b  Icu`b frnhuncaletl vnrgnhb0 ]g cn prbiuehghnh hlc nfun eb mnadgn hl anelrn ndruptn. b  Icu`b rîpghnaletl vnrgnhb0 Cn prbiuehghnh hlc nfun mnadgn hl anelrn ndruptn le hgstnemgns mbesghlrnh mbesghlrnhns ns mbrtns. D. Icu Icu`b `b E Eb b pl plran ranel elet etll ]l trntn hl ue icu`b eb plraneletl sg cn prbiuehghn prbiuehghnh h mnadgn mbe lc tglapb. -  Icu`b \egibral Eb plraneletl0 Ls rnrb lembetrnrcb. Cn suplrigmgl hlc nfun vnrán hl ue tglapb n btrb plrb plranelml pnrnclcn nc ibehb hlc mnenc. -  Icu`b eb plraneletl0 Icu`b vnrgnhb eb plraneletl Tlfgale hl icu`b  N mrgtlrgb hlc lstnhb b mbapbrtnagletb hlc icu`b sl pulhle hgstgefugr hgstgefugr tgpbs hl icu`bs slfðe lc  lilmtb hl cns iulrzns prlsletls le çc. Zbr lilmtbs hl cn vgsmbsghnh vgsmbsghnh00

 

-  Cnagenr0 Cns iulrzns hl cn vgsmbsghnh sbe aîs iulrtls rlcnmgbenehbcns mbe cns iulrzns hl gelrmgn le lc icu`b.Cns pnrtámucns sl aulvle le trnylmtbrgns sunvls hligeghns b cáelns hl mbrrgletl. -  Xurducletb0 ]g cns iulrzns hl vgsmbsghnh le rlcnmgýe mbe cns hl gelrmgn sbe hç hçdgc dgcls, ls, cns cns pn pnrtá rtámun muncs cs sl aul aulvle vle le trn trnylm ylmtbr tbrgns gns grrlfu grrlfucnr cnrls ls pl plrb rb mbe cn hgrlmmgýe knmgn hlcnetl hl cn mbrrgletl hl tbhb lc icu`b. -  Xrnesgmgbe Xrnesgmgbenc? nc? Ls lc lstnhb letrl cbs icu`bs cnagenr y Xurducletb. Zbr lilmtbs hl cn hlesghnh  -

Zbr lilmtbs hl cn frnvlhnh0 Lc lilmtb hl cn frnvlhnh sbdrl lc icu`b lstî rlprlsletnhb pbr cn rlcnmgýe letrl cns iulrzns gelrmgncls y cns iulrzns frnvgtnmgbencls, hnhn pbr lc eðalrb hl Irbuhl0  

 I 1

  Y 

fC C ∐ f Y ls cn vlcbmghnh alhgn hlc icu`b, f ls cn nmlclrnmgýe hl cn frnvlhnh y C ls cn cbefgtuh  mnrnmtlrástgmn qul pnrn lc mnsb hl icu`b le mnencls ndglrtbs ls gfunc n cn prbiuehghnh  kghrîucgmn H. ] I1> lc icu`b lstî le lstnhb Mrátgmb. ]g I3> lc icu`b lstî le lstnhb ]udmrátgmb, lstl sl

hlsmrgdl mbab trnequgcb y hl mbrrgletl cletn. ]g I5> lc icu`b ls suplrmrátgmb suplrmrátgmb tglel  tglel uen nctn vlcbmghnh y sl hlsmrgdl mbab rîpghb, uctrnrrîpgh vlcbmghnh uctrnrrîpghb b y tbrrlemgnc tbrrlemgnc..   Hgstrgdumgýe hl vlcbmghnh  Cns vlcbmghnhls le ue mnenc eb lstîe uegibralaletl hgstrgdughns le su slmmgýe hldghb n cn irgmmgýe y cn suplrigmgl cgdrl. Cn vlcbmghnh tnadgçe hlplehl hl btrbs inmtbrls, mbab cn rufbsghnh hlc mnenc, cn prlslemgn hl ibrans geusuncls mbab murvns le lc mbehumtb.

 

Cn ru rufb fbsg sghn hnh h hl hlcc mn mnen encc mnus mnusn n ue gemr gemrla lale letb tb le cn mu murv rvnt ntur urn n hl cn mu murv rvn n hl hgstrgdumgýe vlrtgmnc hl vlcbmghnh vlcbmghnhls. ls.

Cn hgstrggdumgýe hl vlcbmghnhls pnrn cn slmmgýe hl mn mnen encpulhl c pu pulh lhl l vngr vngrnr  nr  tnetbuembab vnrgnr su ibran, cns cáelns aîs np nprb rbxg xgan anhn hnss hl aî aîxg xgan an vlcbmghnh lstîe mlrmn n cn suplrigmgl cgdrl.

Hgstrgdumgýe hl prlsgbels -  Cn prlsgýe le munc muncqu qugl glrr pnrt pnrtl l hlc icu`b ls hgrlmtnaletl prbpbrmgbenc n cn prbiuehghnh hl icu`b pbr hldn`b hl cn su supl plrig rigmg mgl l cgcgdr drl l l gf gfun uncc n cn prls prlsgý gýe e kg kghr hrbs bstî tîtgtgmn mn qu qul l mb mbrr rrls lspb pbeh ehl l n ls lsn n  prbiuehghn h. hl prlsgbels ls cgelnc, ls gfunc n cn hgstrgdumgýe kghrbstîtgmn hl -   prbiuehghnh. Cn hgstrgdumgýe  prlsgbels n cb cb cnrfb hlc mn mnenc. enc. -  Cn hgs hgstrg trgdu dumgý mgýe e hl prl prlsgb sgbels els le cn slm slmmgý mgýe e trn trnesv esvlrs lrsnc nc sl hg hgilr ilrle lemgn mgn hl cn kghrbstîtgmn -  Le lc icu`b mýemnvb mýemnvb cns  cns iulrzns mletráiufns npuetne knmgn ndn`b rlibrznehb cn nmmgýe hl cn frnvlhnh. Cn prlsgýe rlsuctnetl ls anybr qul cn kghrbstîgmn hl ue icu`b pnrnclcb. -  Le lc icu`b mbevlxb mbevlxb cns  cns iulrzns mletráiufns nmtðne knmgn nrrgdn le mbetrn hl cn frnvlhnh, cn prlsgýe prbhumghn hls alebr qul cn prlsgýe kghrbstîtgmn hl ue icu`b  pnrnclcb..  pnrnclcb Lilmtb hl cn plehgletl plehgletl00 -  Cn nctu ncturn rn hl cn prls prlsgý gýe e le mncq mncqug uglr lr prbi prbiue uehg hghn hnh h vlrtg vlrtgmn mncc ls gf gfun uncc n ls lstn tn  prbiuehghnh auctgpcgmnh  prbiuehghnh auctgpcgmnhn n pbr ue inmtbr hl mb mbrrlmgýe rrlmgýe mbs4 Ѵ -  \e mnenc mbe uen plehgletl anybr n > le >: ls ue mnenc mbe uen lpehgletl nctn. -  Lc rlstb hl cbs mnencls muyn plehgletl eb sl lsplmgigmn sl mbesghlrne mnencls hl plehgletl dn`n. Lilmtb hl cn murvnturn0 -  Cn mur murvnt vnturn urn prb prbhum huml l mba mbapbe pbelet letls ls hl nml nmlclr clrnmg nmgýe ýe np nprlm rlmgnd gndcl clss b iul iulrzn rznss mletráiufns plrplehgmucnrls plrplehgmucnrls n cn hgrlmmgýe hlc icu`b. IC\@B LE MBEH\MXB] N ]\ZLTIGMGL CGDTL  IC\@B \EGIBTAL  -  Cn prbiuehghnh, lc îrln ab`nhn, cn vlcbmghnh y lc mnuhnc le mnhn slmmgýe hlc  mnenc sbe mbestnetls. -  Cn cáeln hl lelrfán, cn suplrigmgl hlc nfun y lc ibehb hlc mnenc sbe pnrnclcbs, ls hlmgr sus plehgletls sbe gfuncls.

 

-  Lc icu`b uegibral eb pulhl bmurrgr n vlcbmghnhls auy nctns, sl vulcvl gelstndcl. -  Lc icu`b uegibral sl hlsnrrbccn sbcb sg cns iulrzns hl rlsgstlemgn hlc icu`b sl dncnemlne b lqugcgdrne mbe cns iulrzns frnvgtnmgbencls qul nmtune le hgrlmmgýe hlc icu`b. -  Le cn sgtunmgýe hl plehgletl sudmrátgmn sl tglel icu`b uegibral sýcb le lc trnab alhgb hl cn cbefgtuh hlc mnenc, plrb le cbs lxtrlabs sl tglel icu`b vnrgnhb. -  Le cn plehgletl mrátgmn pulhle bmurrgr behucnmgbels, plrb cn prbiuehghnh le ls mbestnetl, ls pbr cbsltn tnetb etb slue mbesghl mbesghlrn rn lc icu`b mbab u uegibral. egibral. -   prbalhgb Le cn plehgletl suplrmrátgmn tglel icu`b nprbxganhb nc uegibral le cn zben hl trnesgmgýe.  Nc lqugcgdrn lqugcgdrnrsl rsl cns iulrzns hl rlsgstlemgn hlc mnenc mbe cns frnvgtnmgbe frnvgtnmgbencls ncls hlc icu`b sl bdtglel cn lmunmgýe hlc icu`b uegibral, qul cn anybrán hl cns vlmls sl lxprlsn hl lstn ibran0  x

Y 1M T ]

 y

Hbehl Y ls cn vlcbmghnh alhgn le pgls/s, T ls lc rnhgb kghrîucgmb le pgls, ] ls cn plehgle plehgletl tl hl lelrfán, x y y sbe lxpbeletl lxpbeletls? s? y M ls ue inmtbr hl rlsgstlemgn nc icu`b. Cn lmunmgýe hl Mklzy iul hlsnrrbccnhn le >697 pbr lc gefleglrb irnemçs Netbgel Mkçzy. Iul hlhumghn n pnrtgr hl hbs supbsgmgbels, cn prgalrn ls qul cn iulrzn qul rlsgstl lc icu`b  pbr ueghnh hl îrln hlc clmkb hl cn mbrrgletl ls prbpbrmgb prbpbrmgbenc enc nc munhrnhb hl cn vlcbmghnh vlcbmghnh,, y  cn slfuehn ls qul cns iulrzns frnvgtnmgbencls qul prbhumle lc icu`b uegibral sl lqugcgdrne mbe cns iulrzns qul cb rlsgstle.

Cn lmunmgýe hl Mkçzy ls0

Y 1M  ∐  T]  T]

B pnrn lc mnuhnc0 ^ 1 MN ∐  T]  T]

Hbehl M ls lc mbligmgletl hl rufbsghnh hl Mkçzy, N ls lc îrln ab`nhn, T ls lc rnhgb kghrîucgmb, y ] ls cn plehgletl hl cn cáeln hl lelrfán.

 

MBTTL]ZBEHLEMGN LE LM\NMGBEL] HL ZÇTHGHN] ZBT ITGMMGÝE 

Znrn mnhn lmunmgýe hl pçrhghns pbr irgmmgýe sl pulhl lembetrnr uen lxprlsgýe hl cn ibran qul sl lxprlsn le cn netlrgbr ganfle. Mbe cbs mnadgbs mbrrlspbehgletls le mnhn lxpbeletl, plrb mbe cns agsans lxprlsgbels  pnrn cn plehgle plehgletl tl hl cn cáeln hl lelrfán, lc rnhgb kghrîucgm kghrîucgmb b y ue mbligmgletl b inmtbr hl rufbsg ruf bsghnh hnh prb prbpg pgb b hl mnh mnhn n lmu lmunmg nmgýe ýe,, n mbe mbetge tgeunm unmgýe gýe,, sl prl prlsle sletn tn cn vnr vnrgn gnmgý mgýe e pnr pnrn n cn lmunmgýe hl mîcmucb hl icu`b uegibral pnrn cns lmunmgbels hl Mkçzy, Aneegef, Outtlr y  Hnrmy-Vlgsdnmk mbe su mbrrlspbehgletl mîcmucb hl mbligmgletls hl rufbsghnh pnrn mnhn uen.

 

Lmunmgýe hl Mkçzy0

Hbehl ^1 Mnuhnc hl cn slmmgýe M1 Mbligmgletl hl rufbsghnh hl Mkçzy   N1 Îrln ab`nhn ab`nhn T1 Tnhgb kghrîucgmb ]1 Zlehgletl hl irgmmgýe Lmunmgýe hl Outtlr

Hbehl

M1 Mbligmgletl hl rufbsghnh hl Mkçzy  ]1 Zlehgletl hl irgmgýe T1Tnhgb kghrîucgmb e1 Inmtbr hl rufbsghnh hl Outtlr  o >1Mbestnetl (4=,: ]g. 8>,9< \.].) o 4 4 1Mbestnetl 1Mbestnetl (:,::> \.].) o =1Mbestnetl (>,: ]G. >,;>> \.].) Lmunmgýe hl Aneegef 

M1 Mbligmgletl hl rufbsghnh hl Mkçzy  T1 Tnhgb Kghrîucgmb e1 Tufbsghnh hl Aneegef  o1 Mbestnetl (>.:: a>/= /a>/= ]G, >.87 it >/= /it >/=\.].)

 

Hbehl ^1 Mnuhnc  o1 Mbestnetl (>.:: a>/= /a>/= ]G, >.87 it >/= /it >/=\.].) e1 Mbligmgletl hl rufbsghnh hl Aneegef   N1 îrln ab`nhn ab`nhn T1 Tnhgb kghrîucgmb ]1 Zlehgletl Hltlragenmgýe hlc mbligmgletl hl rufbsghnh hl Aneegef  Eb lxgstl ue açtbhb lxnmtb pnrn cn slclmmgýe hl e. Tlquglrl hl mbebmgagletb prbiuehb y  lxplrglemgn pnrn npcgmnr ue mrgtlrgb hl gefleglrán pnrn su lstganmgýe. ]l rlquglrle muntrb leibquls pnrn cn hltlragenmgýe mbrrlmtn hl lstl mbligmgletl. >.) Letle Letlehlr hlr cbs inmtbrl inmtbrlss qul nilmtne lc mbligmg mbligmgletl letl hl rufbsg rufbsghnh hnh hl Aneege Aneegef f mbe lc ige hl hgsageugr lc rnefb hl gemlrtghuadrl -  Tufbsghnh suplrigmgnc  -   Ylfltnmgýe -   Grrlfucnrghnh hlc mnenc  -   Ncgelnagl  Ncgelnagletb etb hlc mnenc  -  ]lhgaletnmgýe y sbmnvnmgýe -  Bdstrummgbels -  Egvlc y mnuhnc  -  Mnadgb lstnmgbenc  -  Antlrgnc le susplesgýe y antlrgnc hl clmkb 4.) Mbesuctnr uen uen tndcn hl vncbrls hl e tápgmbs pn pnrn rn mglrtbs mnencls.

 

=.) Mbebmlr y inagcgnrgznrsl inagcgnrgznrsl mbe n ncfuebs cfuebs tgpbs h hl l mnencls mbe e mbebmghb. 8.) Hltlragenr lc lc vncbr hl e alhgnetl ue prbmlh prbmlhgagletb gagletb ne nencátgmb. ncátgmb. Lmunmgýe hl Hnrmy-Vlgsdnmk

Hbehl ki 1 Zçrhghns i1 Inmtbr hl irgmmgýe hl Hnrmy-Vlsgdnmk H1Hgîaltrb C1 Cbefgtuh  Y1 Ylcbmghnh  F1 Nmlclrnmgýe hl cn frnvlhnh 

 

Hbehl  N1 Nrln hlc icu`b X1 Nemkb hlc icu`b ^1 Mnuhnc hl cn slmmgýe F1 Nmlclrnmgýe hl cn frnvlhnh  Inmtbr hl irgmmgýe Hnrmy-Vlgsdnmk Lmunmgýe hl ]wnall neh @nge

Hbehl I1 Inmtbr hl irgmmgýe O1 H1 rufbsghnh Hgîaltrb hlc antlrgnc  Tl1 Eðalrb hl Tlyebchs Lmunmgýe hl Mbcldrbbo neh Vkgtl

Hbehl Tl1 Eðalrb hl Tlyebchs O1 rufbsghnh hlc antlrgnc n`ustnhn pnrn Hnrmy Vlgsdnmk i1 Inmtbr hl irgmmgýe T1 Tnhgb Kghrîucgmb Lmunmgýe hl Knzle-Vgccgnas Hbehl ^1 Mnuhnc hl hlsmnrfn M1 Mbligmgletl hl rufbsghnh hl Knzle Vgccgnas  N1 Îrln hl icu`b ab`nhn. ab`nhn. T1 Tnhgb kghrîucgmb ]1 Zlehgletl hl irgmmgýe O1 Mbestnetl (:.;< ]G, >.=4 \.].) MÎCM\CB HLC IC\@B \EGIBTAL >, Mbehumtgvghnh hl uen slmmgýe hl mnenc0 Lc mnuhnc hlc icu`b uegibral sl pulhl lxprlsnr mbab lc prbhumtb hl cn vlcbmghnh y lc îrln ab`nhn0

 

Lc tçrageb O ls cn mbehumtgvghnh hl cn slmmgýe hlc mnenc, ls uen alhghn hl cn mnpnmghnh hl trnespbrtl hl cn slmmgýe hl mnenc, hldghb n qul ls hgrlmtnaletl prbpbrmgbenc n ^ Cn mbehumtgvghnh pnrn munehb sl usn cn lmunmgýe hl Aneegef pnrn lc icu`b uegibral ls0

Znrn cn lmunmgýe hl Mkçzy sl utgcgzn cn lmunmgýe Hbehl M ls lc inmtbr hl rlsgstlemgn hl Mkçzy  Lc inmtbr hl slmmgýe pnrn mîcmucb hl icu`b uegibral. Cn lxprlsgýe NT 4/=ls lc inmtbr hl slmmgýe pnrn lc mîcmucb hl icu`b uegibral. W mbrrlspbehl n cn lmunmgýe0   Mkçzy >/ 4

 NT

 ^

1 ∐ ] M 

Aneegef 

 

NT

4/ =

1

  e^ o ∐ ]

AÇXBHB] HL MÎCM\CB HLC IC\@B \EGIBTAL  >. A. N Ne encátgmb Znrn slmmgbels hl mnenc flbaçtrgmnaletl sgapcls cn mbehgmgýe hl icu`b uegibral pulhl hltlragenrsl alhgnetl uen sbcumgýe ncfldrngmn. 4. A. Frîigmb Znrn mne mnencl nclss mbe slm slmmgb mgbels els trnesvl trnesvlrsnc rsncls ls mba mbapcg pcgmnh mnhns ns u mbe mbe mbehgm hgmgbe gbels ls hl icu`b icu`b vnrgndcls, sl tglel uen sbcumgýe frîigmn. =. ]l ]lmm mmgý gýe e GGrr rrlf lfuc ucnr  Tlcnmgýe letrl cnnr  prbiuehghnh y lc inmtbr hl slmmgýe mbe tndcns hl hgslþb pnrn slmmgbels grrlfucnrls0

 

Zrbdclans hl mîcmucb hlc icu`b uegibral Ynrgndcls (^, Y, y, e, ], ]lmmgýe) Lmunmgbels hgspbegdcls. >. Mbetgeu eugghnh  4. Icu`b cu`b ueg uegibra ibral l n. Lm Lmun unmg mgýe ýe hl Mk Mkçz çzy  y  d. Lm Lmun unmg mgýe ýe hl An Anee eege gef  f  Bd`ltgvbs hl mîcmucb y npcgmnmgýe >- Mnpnmg Mnpnmghnh hnh hlc mnenc (^) Mbe Mbestrummg strummgýe ýe hl u uen en murv murvn n hl Mnc Mncgdrnmg gdrnmgýe ýe 4- Ylcbmghnh hlc icu`b (Y) Lstuhgbs hl sbmnvnmgýe y slhgaletnmgýe =- Hltlragenmgýe hlc egvlc (We) Mîcmucb hlc fncgdb hl ue puletl 8- Tufbsghnh hlc mnenc (e) \sb le mnencls sgagcnrls