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Daodrctc ^bcksyquc 

Prkioiog C-Haaf

Writtco Hy< ◁

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 Lkfc Haey Cugco Eafi  

 

 

Wby Wc Pckmc` Sp

Bcy tbcrc!

Wcedamc ta tbc Daodrctc ^bcksyquc C-Haaf, wc’rc sa grktcjue ta bkvc yau. Pbis haaf is `csigoc` ta bapcjueey `a tbrcc tbiogs ;.

C`udkt C`udktc c yau yau ao samc samc hksi hksid d trkioi trkioiog og priod priodipe ipecs cs

8. Tbc` Tbc` eigbt eigbt ao baw baw wc vicw vicw samc samc tapids tapids 4. Bcep yau jurtbc jurtbcrr uo`crstko uo`crstko` ` wby wc `a wbkt wc wc `a. Ij wc dko kddampeisb cvco aoc aj tbcsc, tbco wc daosi`cr tbkt k suddcss. Pbis haaf is iotco`c` ta hc iojarmktivc io okturc ko` is oat ta hc tkfco ks ko co`-kee-hc-kee witb dcrtkio trkioiog tapids. Io tbc ware` aj jitocss, tbcrc krc muetipec wkys ta rckdb k `csirc` gake, ko` ks dakdbcs, wc usc tbc hcst mctba`s tbkt wc bkvc eckroc` ko` k`kptc` ta bcep atbcrs `a sa. Ij yau bkvc jurtbcr qucstiaos ao dbkptcrs ko` tapids, wc’` hc bkppy ta bcep yau witb wbktcvcr is trippiog yau up.

Io Ttrcogtb, Cugco Eafi & Lkfc Haey

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Pkhec aj Daotcots

;. Pruc Hcgioocr, Oavidc, ko` Iotcrmc`iktc Eijtcrs 8. Dampauo` Mavcmcots & Kddcssarics 4. Tcts, Xcps, ko` Pbcir Mckoiogs  Mckoiogs  0. Dammao Pcrms  Pcrms  3. ^riodipecs aj Tpcdijidity ko` Avcreak`  Avcreak`  :. Musdec Daotrkdtiaos  Daotrkdtiaos  7. Pcmpa  Pcmpa  2. Xcst Pimcs  Pimcs  9. ^cria`izktiao Hksids  Hksids  ;>. ^ragrkm JK[s  JK[s  ;;. Dkr`ia Gui`ceiocs  Gui`ceiocs  ;8. Outritiao Gui`ceiocs  Gui`ceiocs  ;4. Xcjcrcodcs  Xcjcrcodcs 

Daodrctc ^bcksyquc Pip ehs eijtc` Cxkmpec 8< K pawcreijtcr wkots ta impravc tbcir eawcr ha`y bypcrtrapby io tbc squkt.

◁ Wccf-; 4x;> rcps = :>% / ;:> ehs = Zaeumc< 0,2>> ehs eijtc` ◁ Wccf-8 4x;; rcps = :8% / ;:0 ehs = Zaeumc< 3,82> ehs eijtc` ◁ Wccf-4 4x;8 rcps= :0% / ;:2 ehs = Zaeumc< 3,7:> ehs eijtc` K dkvckt wartb oatiog io tbc twa cxkmpecs khavc is tbkt avcrkee trkioiog vaeumc iodrcksc` io hatb tbc iotcosity ko` vaeumc cxkmpecs, bawcvcr, tbc avcreak` priodipec’s iotcot sbijtc`. Ta wbiec vaeumc kddumuektiao wks bigbcr io hatb cxkmpecs, tbc mkoipuektiao aj trkioiog vkrikhecs bk` `ijjcrcot purpascs.

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^riodipec aj Tpcdijidity T pcdijidity Pbc spcdijidity priodipec is krgukhey aoc aj tbc mast impartkot jkdtars ta daosi`cr ks yau pragrcss io yaur strcogtb trkioiog dkrccr. Pbc spcdijidity priodipec stktcs tbkt ks aoc pragrcsscs io tbcir spart ko` gakes hcdamc marc spcdijid, tbco trkioiog sbaue` rcjecdt tbkt. Io ekymko’s tcrms, ks yau `cvceap ks ko ktbectc ko` pursuc k spcdijid s spart, part, tbco yau sbaue` trkio witb mctba`s ko` mavcmcots tbkt wiee bkvc bigb dkrryavcr ta ski` spart.

Io strcogtb trkioiog, tbc spcdijidity priodipec wiee prcscot itscej ks cxcrdiscs ko` trkioiog mctba`s tbkt krc prcsdrihc` ko` usc` kddar`iogey ta tbcir rcecvkodc ta aoc’s avcrkee trkioiog gake ko` strcogtb sparts. Hksidkeey, it’s tbc dkeduektc` prcsdriptiao aj trkioiog prkdtidcs tbkt krc rcecvkot ta aoc’s spart ko` co` gake. Tamc cxkmpec io strcogtb sparts waue` eaaf eifc,

◁ ^awcreijtcrs trkio primkriey tbc hig tbrcc (squkt, hcodb prcss, ko` `ck`eijt) ko` trkio vkriktiaos/kddcssarics tbkt wiee impravc tbcsc eijts. ;9

 

 

◁ Wcigbteijtcrs trkio tbc decko & lcrf ko` soktdb, ko` dbaasc vkriktiaos/kddcssarics ta impravc tbcir sfiee io partiao aj tbc eijt. ◁ DrassJit ktbectcs wiee trkio mavcmcots ajtco prcsdrihc` io warfauts witb gakes jadusc` ao strcogtb, warf dkpkdity, ko` pawcr. Koatbcr uscjue cxkmpec aj i`cotijyiog tbc spcdijidity priodipec io prkdtidc is ksscssiog tbc `ijjcrcodcs hctwcco k hcgioocr ko` ceitc pawcreijtcr’s pragrkm. Pbcrc wiee hc stkrf `ijjcrcodcs hctwcco tbc twa tbkt krc dktcrc` ta ckdb io`ivi`uke. Pbcsc `ijjcrcodcs krc hksc` ao tbc hcst prkdtidcs ta mkximizc aoc’s spcdijid trkioiog gake.

Gcocrke ta Tpcdijid Prkioiog Pbc spcdijidity priodipec, eifc tbc avcreak` priodipec, is csscotike jar trkioiog suddcss ko` sbaue` hc usc` kddar`iogey ta aoc’s durrcot trkioiog stktc. Jar cxkmpec, hcgioocrs wiee hcocjit io `ijjcrcot wkys dampkrc` ta cxpcricodc` ktbectcs witb tbc usc aj tbc spcdijidity priodipec. Io strcogtb trkioiog, ktbectcs dko impravc tbcir khieity ta usc tbc spcdijidity priodipec hy jurtbcriog tbcir uo`crstko`iog aj mavcmcot pkttcros ko` hy huie`iog k jauo`ktiao aj strcogtb, pawcr, ko` co`urkodc. Pbcsc jkdtars dko kee peky ko impartkot raec io ksscssiog tbc `ircdtiao io wbidb aoc’s trkioiog sbaue` pragrcss ks tbcy hcgio ta `cvceap marc spcdijid trkioiog gakes. Pbis is wby hcgioocrs wba lust eckroc` baw ta hcodb prcss krc oat `aiog tbiogs eifc hakr` prcsscs. Pbkt kdtivity is bigbey spcdijid io okturc ko` waue` oat bkvc ks mudb dkrryavcr ks simpey pcrjarmiog k oarmke hcodb prcss.

◁ Hcgioocrs ↘ Gcocrke Prkioiog ◁ Cxpcricodc` Ktbectcs ↘ Tpcdijid Prkioiog Ks ko ktbectc pragrcsscs tbraugb tbcir dkrccr ko` cxpcricodc is kddumuektc`, tbco tbc usc aj tbc spcdijidity priodipec wiee iodrcksc. Io strcogtb sparts, cxpcricodc ko` spcdijid trkioiog prkdtidcs tco` ta mavc io tbc skmc eiockr `ircdtiao.

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Bawcvcr, tbc rcksaoiog hcbio` tbis is k eittec marc dampecx tbko tbkt, ko` witbaut k juee uo`crstko`iog aj wbkt’s gaiog io vkriaus Vstrcogtb] trkioiog scttiogs, tbco k dakdb ko` ktbectc daue` hc eckviog gkios ao tbc tkhec. Tpcdijidity ‐  wbiec cksiey `igcstihec kt jkdc vkeuc  ‐ hcdamcs iodrcksiogey marc dampecx io oarmke spart scttiogs. Autsi`c aj simpey trkioiog mavcmcots tbkt deascey rcpeidktc tbc sfiees hciog warfc` ao, spcdijidity trkioiog dko kesa kddauot jar tbiogs eifc,

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Tpart Pypc (Tiogec ar tckm) Pypcs aj Mavcmcots Ssc` Io Tpart (kddcecrktiao, `cdcecrktiao, ctd.) Musdec Pypc Kdtivity Pypc (kcrahid ar kokcrahid) Gco`cr Mcotke Xck`iocss

◁ @kiey Ttrcss Ecvces ◁ @ict & Teccp Kee aj tbcsc jkdtars dko impkdt ko ktbectc’s pcrjarmkodc ao k `ky-ta-`ky hksis ko` kddauotiog jar tbcm ko` tbc io`ivi`ukeity aj cvcry ktbectc dko bcep gui`c trkioiog aricotc` tawkr`s k spcdijid k`kptktiao. Io tbc scdtiao hceaw, wc’rc gaiog ta rcjcrcodc cxkmpecs `ircdtey kppeidkhec kppeidkhec ta  strcogtb spart scttiogs scttiogs .

K Pap @awo Kpprakdb ta Tpcdijidity Ao tbc surjkdc, spcdijidity is prctty strkigbt jarwkr` ‐ dbaasc cxcrdiscs tbkt deascey rcscmhec ko` pragrcss aoc tawkr`s tbcir trkioiog gake ko` spart ‐ hut wbkt cxkdtey is gaiog ao1 Io tbc gym scttiog, `ijjcrcot mavcmcots, vaeumcs, iotcositics, ko` jrcqucodics krc trkioc` io ar`cr ta pragrcss tawkr`s spcdijid trkioiog k`kptktiaos. Wbctbcr tbc gake hc mkximke strcogtb, rcektivc strcogtb, spcc`, bypcrtrapby, ar co`urkodc, tbco hcst prkdtidcs wiee hc usc` hy ktbectcs ko` dakdbcs ta kdbicvc ko` rckdb tbasc gakes.

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Tiodc tbc jirst usc aj spcdijidity io spart, aur foawec`gc ko` uo`crstko`iog surrauo`iog tbis tapid bks grawo ko` is stiee grawiog, cspcdikeey io tbc gym scttiog. Io k 8>>9 rcvicw ksscssiog tbc durrcot eitcrkturc ao spcdijidity, stu`y kutbars suggcstc` tbkt spcdijidity is muetijkdctc` ko` ksscssc` tbc daodcpt io tbrcc dktcgarics iodeu`iog (:), ;.

Cocrgy Ty Tystc stcms 

8. Musd Musdec ec Daot Daotrk rkdt dtia iaos os   4. Tfiees Kutbars suggcstc` tbkt tbc summktiao aj tbcsc tbrcc pbysiaeagidke dampaocots dko hcst c`udktc dakdbcs ko` ktbectcs ao baw ta trkio ta rckdb `csirc` k`kptktiaos. Ect’s eaaf kt baw samc aj tbcsc dko hc `ircdtey kppeic` ta strcogtb spart scttiogs. ;. Cocrgy Tystcms Cocrgy systcms scrvc ks tbc hri`gc hctwcco baw aur ha`y uscs cocrgy ko` its pcrjarmkodc io spart. Ij k spart rcquircs k bigb-ecvce aj `ispekdcmcot jar dcrtkio cocrgy systcms, tbco ktbectcs sbaue` trkio ta impravc tbasc ski` cocrgy systcms. Jar cxkmpec, wcigbteijtiog rcquircs muetipec cxpeasivc hauts aj kdtivity. Pypidkeey, tbc KP^-^D wiee hc tbc cocrgy systcm daotrihutiog ta k mklarity aj tbcsc mavcmcot’s suddcsscs, sa trkioiog tbis cocrgy systcm ajtco wiee bkvc k bigbey spcdijid dkrryavcr ta wcigbteijtiog. Pbcrc krc tbrcc mklar cocrgy systcms io tbc ha`y, wbidb dko hc scco hceaw. Ckdb cocrgy systcm hceaw wiee peky samc raec io cvcry kdtivity wc pcrjarm, hut tbcir cmpbksis wiee sbijt ao tbcir `cmko`s. Cocrgy Tystcms

◁ KP^-^D Cocrgy Tystcm< Kokcrahid cocrgy systcm. ◁ Geydaeytid Tystcm< Teigbtey Teigbtey eaogcr io `urktiao tbko kokcrahid cocrgy cocrgy systcm. ◁ Axi`ktivc Tystcm< Kcrahid cocrgy systcm. Ij wc kppey cocrgy systcm foawec`gc ta tbc priodipec aj spcdijidity, tbco wc dko mkfc suggcstiaos jar hcst trkioiog mctba`s jar bigb dkrryavcr ta pcrjarmkodc.

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8. Musdec Daotrkdtiaos Io tbc 8>>9 rcvicw, rcsckrdbcrs kesa suggcstc` tbkt baw k musdec juodtiaos is impartkot ta daosi`cr wbco trkioiog jar spcdijidity s pcdijidity ( :). Jar spcdijidity trkioiog, muetipec kttrihutcs aj tbc musdec sbaue` hc kddauotc` jar ta daostrudt hcst trkioiog prkdtidcs.

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Daotrkdtiao Pypc (daodcotrid, cddcotrid, isamctrid) Musdec Jihcr Pypc (jihcr pcrdcotkgc tbkt Vmast bckviey] addupics k musdec) Zceadity aj Daotrkdtiao Kotbrapamctrids aj Io`ivi`uke (eimh ecogtb, jrkmc, ko` kogecs aj laiots)

Witb k hksceioc uo`crstko`iog aj tbcsc musdec kttrihutcs hcst cxcrdiscs dko tbco hc scecdtc` keaog witb scts, rcps, ko` trkioiog prkdtidcs ta hcst suit ko k`kptktiao. Daotrkdtiao Pypc Io rcsistkodc trkioiog, wc trkio muetipec jarms aj musdec daotrkdtiaos ao k rcguekr hksis. Hceaw is k quidf rcmio`cr aj tbc `ijjcrcot jarms aj musdec daotrkdtiaos, ;.

Daodco Daodcotri trid d ‐ Tbartc Tbartcoio oiog g aj tbc musdec musdec

8. Cddcot Cddcotrid rid ‐ Ecogt Ecogtbco bcoiog iog aj aj tbc musde musdec c 4. Isamc Isamctri trid d ‐ K stkt stktid id bae bae` ` Pbcsc tbrcc daotrkdtiao typcs krc trkioc` ta samc `cgrcc io ockrey cvcry mavcmcot pcrjarmc` io tbc gym, bawcvcr, wbco spcdijidity s pcdijidity is tbc gake tbcy dko hc tkfco k stcp jurtbcr. Wbkt `acs tbis eaaf eifc io prkdtidc1 ^awcreijtiog Cxkmpec

◁ Gake< Gake< Ko ktbectc wkots ta impravc tbcir dampctitiao hcodb prcss, hut struggecs witb tbc pkusc kt tbc hattam. ◁ Tpcdijidity Io ^rkdtidc < Pcmpa trkioiog, usc aj pkuscs, ar dakdb pcrjarms dammko`s `uriog k trkioiog sct.

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Io tbc khavc prkdtidcs, cddcotrid ko` isamctrid musdec daotrkdtiaos krc tkfiog k mklarity aj tbc jadus, ks tbcsc io tbcary wiee pra`udc tbc bigbcst dkrryavcr ta tbc ktbectc’s trkioiog gake ‐ impravc tbcir dampctitiao hcodb prcss. Wcigbteijtiog Cxkmpec

◁ Gake< Gake< Ko ktbectc wkots ta impravc tbcir lcrf stkhieity wbco warfiog tawkr`s bigbcr decko & lcrf pcrdcotkgcs. ◁ Tpcdijidity Io ^rkdtidc < Headf lcrfs, bae`s kt eadfaut, ar `rap lcrf eadfauts. Io tbc wcigbteijtiog cxkmpec, tbc mkio jadus is k straog daodcotrid daotrkdtiao jaeeawc` hy ko isamctrid daotrkdtiao. Pbus, tbc spcdijid trkioiog prkdtidcs krc warfiog ta impravc hatb aj tbcsc spcdijid daotrkdtiaos.

Musdec Jihcr Pypc

Musdec jihcr typc dko kesa hc k uscjue jkdtar ta daosi`cr wbco trkioiog jar spcdijid k`kptktiaos. Jram wbkt rcsckrdb bks suggcstc` khaut musdec jihcrs, cvcry musdec ko` typc aj ktbectcs wiee daotkio `ijjcrcot kmauots aj musdec jihcrs ( 2,   , 9 )).. 2 Pbcrc krc csscotikeey tbrcc mkio typcs aj musdec jihcrs ko` tbcsc iodeu`c, ;. Pypc Pypc I ‐ Te Teaw aw Pwit Pwitdb db Ji Jihc hcrs rs 8. Pypc Pypc IIK IIK ‐ Jkst Jkst Pwitd Pwitdb b Jihcr Jihcrs s 4. Pypc Pypc IIR ‐ Setrk Setrk-Jk -Jkst st Pwitd Pwitdb b Jihcrs Jihcrs Ckdb aj tbcsc jihcr typcs wiee juodtiao `ijjcrcotey, sa trkioiog musdecs kddar`iogey ta tbcir suggcstc` prc`amiokodc dko hc uscjue ta jkdieitktc trkioiog k`kptktiaos. Pbis is wby yau scc ktbectcs eifc wcigbteijtcrs ajtco trkioiog witb mctba`s ta impravc tbcir jkst twitdb musdec jihcrs. @r. Ko`y Gkepio, kutbar aj Sopeuggc` ko` prajcssar kt DTS Jueecrtao, cxpekioc` tbkt aoc wky ta uo`crstko` musdec’s ko` tbcir patcotike ta passcss k dcrtkio typc aj jihcr is ta tbiof ‐ Ttrudturc cqukes juodtiao . Pbis csscotikeey mckos tbkt musdecs wiee passcss tbc mklarity aj jihcr typcs hksc` ao tbcir purpasc (pasturke, jardc pra`udiog, ctd.). Jar cxkmpec, tbc crcdtar spiokc passcsscs

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bigb ecvces aj Pypc-I musdec jihcrs, ko` tbis is ajtco suggcstc` ta hc tbc dksc hcdkusc tbcy’rc k pasturke musdec ( 9). Pbc quk`s, ao tbc atbcr bko`, wiee passcss k mixturc aj musdec jihcrs ko` marc Pypc IIK jihcrs kt tbkt, ks tbcir purpasc is ta pra`udc vkric` ecvces aj pawcr ta prapce tbc ha`y io `ijjcrcot `ircdtiaos. Io rcspcdts ta musdec jihcrs ko` tbc spcdijidity priodipec, tbcrc is mcrit io daosi`criog tbc avcrkee trkioiog gake ko` tbc musdecs hciog k``rcssc`. Hy kdfoawec`giog wbkt k musdec `acs ao k `kiey ko` pbysiaeagidke hksis, tbco trkioiog dko hc hcst strudturc` ta suit k musdec’s hcst bypatbcsizc` trkioiog rcspaosc. Hksidkeey, ij tbcrc’s k hksceioc uo`crstko`iog aj tbc jihcr typcs wbidb k musdec mast eifcey passcsscs, tbco scts, rcps, ko` iotcositics dko hc strudturc` kddar`iogey. Tamc cxkmpecs io prkdtidc dko hc scco hceaw,

◁ ^asturke Musdecs (Ajtco Bigbcr Io Pypc-I Jihcrs) ‐ Hcocjit witb bigbcr rcp scts witb eigbtcr ta ma`crktc eak`s ta iodrcksc warf dkpkdity ko` musdec jihcr `cosity. ◁ Musdecs Pbkt ^asscss k Mixturc aj Jihcrs ‐ Hcocjit witb k vkricty aj scts, rcps, ko` eak`s ta impravc strcogtb, pawcr, ko` warf dkpkdity. Xcsckrdb is stiee spkrsc wbco pravi`iog cxkdt gui`ceiocs jar trkioiog dcrtkio typcs aj musdec jihcrs jar k spcdijid gake. Bawcvcr, kppeyiog k hksceioc uo`crstko`iog aj k musdec’s strudturke purpasc ko` tbc trkioiog hciog usc`, tbco aoc daue` iodrcksc tbcir trkioiog’s cjjidkdy.  Zceadity aj Daotrkdtiao Daotrkdtiao

Pbc vceadity aj k musdec’s daotrkdtiao cotkies baw jkst tbc daodcotrid ko` cddcotrid partiaos wiee hc `uriog timcs aj dampctitiao. K grckt cxkmpec aj tbis is baw quidfey k wcigbteijtcr must mavc io tbc Aeympid eijts. Pbus, io ar`cr ta spcdijidkeey tkrgct ko` impravc tbc jkst rktcs aj daotrkdtiaos tbkt wcigbteijtcrs usc io dampctitiao, tbco trkioiog sbaue` rcjecdt simiekr vceaditics. Koatbcr cxkmpec is baw vceadity hksc` trkioiog is hcdamiog iodrcksiogey marc papuekr io pawcreijtiog. Hy usiog spcc` ks k mctrid, ktbectcs ko` dakdbcs dko tbco sbijt iotcositics, rcps, ko` scts ta jkdieitktc k `csirc` spcc` jar k `idtktc` mavcmcot. Jar cxkmpec, ij k pawcreijtcr is trkioiog k bckvy squkt `auhec kt 94%, ko` tbcy wkot tbc spcc` ta hc simiekr

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jar ckdb rcp ta io`idktc mkstcry aj tbis iotcosity, tbco tbcy daue` usc vceadity aj musdec daotrkdtiaos ta purpascey trkio.  Kotbrapamctrids Pbc i`ck aj trkioiog spcdijidkeey jar kotbrapamctrids cotkies kddauotiog jar aoc’s ha`y krdbitcdturc. Io tbis rcspcdt, it’s k grckt i`ck ta daosi`cr baw eimhs, laiots, ko` tbc ha`y mavc ao k oarmke hksis ko` io spart. Ij tbcsc krc kddauotc` jar, tbco tbaugbtjue trkioiog dko hc usc` ta aptimkeey strcogtbco tbc ha`y hksc` ao cvcryaoc’s io`ivi`ukeitics.

4. Tfiees

Tfiees iodeu`c tbc mavcmcots tbkt `ircdtey ‐ ar deascey ‐ rcjecdt tbasc usc` io dampctitiao. Jar k pawcreijtcr, tbc prkdtidc aj sfiees waue` iodeu`c trkioiog tbc squkt, hcodb prcss, ko` `ck`eijt. Autsi`c aj tbc gym, sfiees daue` kesa hc `cjioc` ks tbc summktiao aj kttrihutcs tbkt aoc rcquircs ta hc suddcssjue io tbcir spcdijid spart (cx< spart (cx< tumheiog jar k gymokst, stidf bko`eiog jar k badfcy pekycr, ko` sa jartb). jartb ). Pbco witbio tbcsc prkdtidcs, sfiees dko hc hrafco `awo cvco jurtbcr iota dktcgarics eifc daar`ioktiao, pawcr, hkekodc, strcogtb, ko` co`urkodc. Pbc dampecxity aj spart mkfcs prkdtidiog sfiees iodrc`ihey impartkot jar suddcss. Io strcogtb sparts ko` tbc gym, sfiees krc ajtco `cjioc` ks tbc mavcmcots prkdtidc` io dampctitiao. Jram tbis paiot aj vicw, spcdijidity waue` ksscss baw deascey ko cxcrdisc rcscmhecs tbc dampctitiao mavcmcot. Jar cxkmpec, trkioiog k squkt simiekr ta baw it’s pcrjarmc` io dampctitiao waue` rkof ks tbc mast spcdijid jar k pawcreijtcr, wbiec pcrjarmiog samctbiog eifc k hax squkt waue` hc ecss spcdijid. Hatb mavcmcots wiee io`cjioitcey bkvc dkrryavcr ta impraviog aoc’s squkt ko` krc spcdijtid, hut aoc marc deascey rcjecdts tbc `ircdt dampctitiao squkt.

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Pbcrc krc muetipec wkys dakdbcs ko` ktbectcs dko k``rcss k mavcmcot’s spcdijidity ta aoc’s avcrkee trkioiog ko` dampctitiao gake autsi`c aj dktcgariziog spcdijidity hy tbc cxcrdisc itscej. Hceaw krc k jcw k``itiaoke wkys dakdbcs ko` ktbectcs dko dktcgarizc k mavcmcot’s spcdijidity,

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Xkogc aj Matiao Pcmpas ko` ^kuscs Cquipmcot Ssc` Kddamma`ktc` Xcsistkodc Ssc` Dammko`s Tcts, Xcps, ko` Iotcositics

Tamctbiog ta rcmcmhcr witb spcdijidity is tbkt oat kee trkioiog is drcktc` cquke, ko` jkieurc ta kdfoawec`gc tbis dko hc dauotcrpra`udtivc ta aoc’s trkioiog aj spcdijid sfiees. Ij k pawcreijtcr ar wcigbteijtcr wkot ta impravc tbcir dampctitiao eijts (sfiees), tbco tbcy sbaue` kim ta pcrjarm tbasc sfiees ko` tbcir vkrikots ajtco.

TKI@ ^riodipec Ks impartkot it is ta uo`crstko` kee aj tbc uo`creyiog pbysiaeagidke k`kptktiaos tbkt tkfc pekdc witb spcdijidity trkioiog, it’s kesa k gaa` i`ck ta bigbeigbt tbc tbcarics hcbio` tbis trkioiog i`caeagy ko` its kppeidktiao. Iotra`udiog tbc TKI@ ^riodipec.

◁ ◁ ◁ ◁

T ‐ Tpcdijid K ‐ K`kptktiaos I ‐ Impasc` @ ‐ @cmko`s

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Pbc TKI@ ^riodipec stktcs tbkt baw wc trkio ko` tbc strcsscs wc pekdc ao tbc ha`y wiee iojeucodc spcdijid k`kptktiaos. Csscotikeey, Csscotikeey, it’s k priodipec tbkt tkfcs kee aj tb tbc c pbysiaeagidke kspcdts khavc ko` kppeics tbcm io k prkdtidke, juodtiaoke wky. Pbus, ij k wcigbteijtcr wkots ta impravc tbcir dampctitiao soktdb (;-XM), tbco tbcy sbaue` trkio usiog mctba`s tbkt deascey rcpeidktc tbc dampctitiao soktdb. Io prkdtidc, tbis wiee eaaf eifc trkioiog scssiaos witb bckvy siogecs, `auhecs, ko` bigbey-spcdijid tcdboiquc warf. Oatc, tbis iso’t ta sky `aiog bigbcr rcp wao’t warf, ar atbcr pawcr trkioiog mctba`s wao’t iodrcksc aoc’s dampctitiao soktdb, hut `ircdt dkrryavcr wiee hc `ijjcrcot . K pcrjcdt cxkmpec aj tbc TKI@ ^riodipec io kppeidktiao is ta jaeeaw tbc pragrcssiao aj k pawcreijtcr’s pragrkm io eck` up ta k mcct. Pbc trkioiog headfs tbkt krc jurtbcr aut jram tbc dampctitiao `ktc wiee ajtco iodeu`c bigbcr rcp warf ko` kddcssarics tkiearc` ta tbc dampctitiao eijts. Pbco ks tbc ktbectc gcts deascr ta tbcir dampctitiao `ktc, headfs stkrt ta hcdamc mudb marc jioitc io cxcrdisc scecdtiao witb eawcr rcps ko` bigbcr iotcositics usc` ao tbc mkio eijts. Cvcry headf cotkies spcdijidity trkioiog, bawcvcr, tbc sdapc sbijts jram wi`c ta okrraw ta jkdieitktc tbc bigbcst patcotike k`kptktiao aoc dko kdbicvc. Io tbc gym, krgukhey tbc mast impartkot kspcdt aj tbc TKI@ ^riodipec is uo`crstko`iog tbc iotcot io wbidb k trkioiog mctba`aeagy is hciog usc`. Cxcrdisc scecdtiao ko` warfaut strudturc sbaue` kee rcjecdt ko ktbectc’s avcrkee gakes io k jksbiao tbkt hcst suits tbcir durrcot trkioiog stktc, bistary, ko` occ`s.

^uttiog It Kee Pagctbcr Pbcary ta Kppeidktiao Pbc khavc tbrcc daodcpts aj cocrgy systcms, musdec daotrkdtiaos, ko` sfiees krc oat iotco`c` ta avcrdampeidktc tbc trkioiog pradcss. Io rckeity, wbkt’s mast impartkot is i`cotijyiog tbc wby  hcbio`  hcbio` pragrkmmiog mavcmcots jar k spcdijid trkioiog k`kptktiao, tbco tcstiog tbkt wby , rctcstiog it, ko` pragrcssiog hy tbc hcst mckos passihec ‐ utieiziog tbc TKI@ ^riodipec. Ij aoc dko uo`crstko` tbc khavc tbrcc pbysiaeagidke kspcdts aj spcdijidity trkioiog, tbco trkioiog dko hc hrafco `awo hy mavcmcots, rcps, scts, ko` mctba`aeagics ta hcst kdbicvc k spcdijid gake. Io tbis rcspcdt, tbc tbrcc daodcpts wiee kee sbijt io k bicrkrdby-eifc

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jksbiao hksc` ao tbiogs eifc aoc’s strcogtb spart, trkioiog strcogtbs ko` wckfocsscs, ko` sa jartb.

It’s impartkot ta oatc tbkt wbiec tbcsc tbrcc dampaocots dko bcep suggcst tbc hcst mckos kvkiekhec ta trkio jar spcdijidity ‐ tbc rcsckrdb is jkr jram dampectc ao tbis tapid. Jram tbc 8>>9 rcvicw `isdussiog spcdijidity kutbars writc, ―Pbc mkio kims aj pbysiaeagidke ksscssmcot krc ta i`cotijy `ctcrmiokots aj  pcrjarmkodc, prajiec ktbectcs, cstkheisb cjjidkdy aj trkioiog prcsdriptiao, ko` pravi`c pravi`c suppart jar trkosektiog ahscrvktiaos iota trkioiog prcsdriptiao, ko` pravi`c suppart jar trkosektiog ahscrvktiaos iota trkioiog prcsdriptiaos. (:)” Csscotikeey, wc foaw k grckt `cke khaut spcdijidity, hut tbcrc krc stiee oa sct-io-staoc suggcstiaos jar its kppeidktiao ta cvcry  ktbectc.  ktbectc. Pbis is wby tbcrc krc sa mkoy iotcrprctktiaos jar aptimke trkioiog io cvcry spart, ks cvcry dakdb uscs tbcir hcst  lu`gcmcots ta drcktc cjjidkdiaus cjjidkdiaus trkioiog pragrkms jar tbcir ktbectc’s strcogtb ko` ko` wckfocsscs. Ta witb cvcrytbiog wc foaw khaut trkioiog, wby iso’t tbcrc k daosistcot wky aj kppeyiog spcdijidity. Pa koswcr tbis qucstiao, rcsckrdbcrs stktc` io tbc 8>>9 rcvicw, ―Wbiec ekharktary tcstiog mky cobkodc rceikhieity ko` scositivity kssadiktc` witb tbc daotrae aj coviraomcotke dao`itiaos, prc-cxcrdisc hcbkviaur, timc aj `ky, `ict, ko` atbcr jkdtars tbkt dko kjjcdt pbysiaeagidke rcspaosc, it dko hc vcry `ijjiduet ta rcdrcktc tbc cxkdt mavcmcot pkttcros ko` eimh vceaditics wbco usiog ekh-hksc` crgamctcrs dampkrc` witb spart pcrjarmkodc ( :    )”   Io ekymko’s tcrms, it’s iodrc`ihey `ijjiduet ta rcpeidktc jice` ko` ekh hksc` tcsts, ks io tbc jice` scttiogs wiee kewkys hc seigbtey `ijjcrcot pcr tbc io`ivi`uke ko` scttiog.

◁ Wbkt wc foaw khaut spcdijidity < Tpcdijidity is impartkot ta hcdamc grckt kt koytbiog ko` wc bkvc muetipec wkys ta trkio, pragrkm, ko` warf tawkr`s k spcdijid k`kptktiao (pbysiaeagidkeey, pbysidkeey, ko` mcotkeey). ◁ Wbkt wc `ao’t foaw khaut spcdijidity < Wbkt trkioiog mctba`s wiee kewkys  warf aodc k dcrtkio ecvce is rckdbc` io koy givco spart, sfiee, ar kdtivity.

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Daosistcody Wios Pbc avcreak` ko` spcdijidity priodipecs krc hatb iodrc`ihey impartkot jar pragrcss io tbc gym. Hatb aj tbcsc priodipecs ga bko`-io-bko` io strcogtb trkioiog ko` tbcir hcst uscs krc jkdieitktc` witb daosistcody, ahlcdtivity, ko` dkeduektc` pragrcssiaos. Pbc simpecst wky ta utieizc tbcsc priodipecs is hy `cjioiog ko avcrkee trkioiog gake, scecdtiog sbart-tcrms gakes, tbco drcktiog midra, mcsa, ko` mkdradydecs ta kdbicvc tbcm.

Dbkptcr :< Musdec Daotrkdtiaos (K Hricj Avcrvicw) Wbkt `a hidcp dures, sbrugs, ko` `ck`eijts kee bkvc io dammao1 Musdec daotrkdtiaos. Daotrkdtiaos aj tbc musdecs krc kt tbc hksc aj cvcry mavcmcot. Pbc musdecs krc daotiouausey ko` tircecssey daotrkdtiog, rcecksiog, daotrkdtiog, ko` rcecksiog ta pra`udc jardc ko` prapce aur ha`ics tbraugb timc ko` spkdc. Io tbc gym, daotrkdtiaos damc io muetipec jarms ko` uo`crstko`iog ckdb is dritidke jar aoc’s eaog-tcrm suddcss io trkioiog. Cvcry typc aj daotrkdtiao is impartkot, ko` ckdb dko peky k ekrgc raec io jkdieitktiog j kdieitktiog k pkrtiduekr k`kptktiao. Daodcotrid, cddcotrid, isamctrid, isataoid, ko` isafioctid musdec daotrkdtiaos kee damc witb tbcir awo eists aj strcogtbs ko` kppeidktiaos, wbidb wiee darrcektc witb yaur avcrkee trkioiog gakes.

Tei`iog Jiekmcot Pbcary Hcjarc `iviog iota musdec daotrkdtiaos, it’s k gaa` i`ck ta jirst uo`crstko` baw musdec daotrkdtiaos addur io tbc jirst pekdc. Cvcry musdec daotkios muetipec musdec jihcrs, wbidb daotkio kdtio ko` myasio pratcios. Kdtio jarms tbio jiekmcots witbio ckdb musdec jihcr, wbiec myasio drcktc tbidf jiekmcots. Pbcsc twa jiekmcots iotcrkdt witb aoc koatbcr hy sei`iog avcr ckdb atbcr `uriog musdec daotrkdtiaos, wbidb hriogs us ta tbc sei`iog jiekmcot tbcary. Pbc sei`iog jiekmcot tbcary

4>

 

 

cxpekios baw kdtio ko` myasio drcktc drass-hri`gcs witbio k musdec’s skrdamcrcs ta pra`udc daotrkdtiaos hy sei`iog avcr koatbcr, hio`iog, rcecksiog, ko` rcpcktiog.

―K gaa` wky ta pidturc musdec daotrkdtiao is ta imkgioc Myasio Jiekmcots ks k rawiog hakt, wbiec Kdtio is tbc wktcr. Ks k daodcotrid daotrkdtiao tkfcs pekdc, Myasio is ―kdtivcey rawiog” ao Kdtio.” - C.

Pbc sei`iog jiekmcot tbcary wks jirst prapasc` io ;930 hy KJ Buxecy ko` Xaej Oic`crgcrfc (;). Jar `cdk`cs, it wks tbaugbt tbkt kdtio ko` myasio wcrc tbc twa mkio jiekmcots kt peky `uriog tbc sei`iog jiekmcot tbcary, bawcvcr, sdicodc bks siodc suggcstc` tbkt k ekrgc ;;). tbir` pratcio is kt peky `uriog musdec daotrkdtiaos< Pitio (;> ;  > , ;;). Wbiec rcsckrdb stiee bkso’t daodeu`c` titio’s cxkdt raec ao musdec daotrkdtiaos, it’s tbaugbt tbkt tbis ekrgc pratcio pekys k raec io `cdrcksiog tbc ecogtb aj kdtio ko` iodrcksiog kdtio’s stijjocss wbco DK+8 is prcscot (;8 (;8),  ), pra`udiog jardc hy rcsistiog `cjarmktiao. Pbis is aoc aj tbc rcksaos wby cddcotrid daotrkdtiaos krc khec ta pra`udc marc jardc tbko daodcotrid daotrkdtiaos, siodc marc cecmcots damc iota peky<

Wbiec Daodcotrid-aoey daotrkdtiaos pra`udc jardc mkioey tbraugb tbc jarmktiao aj Kdtio-Myasio Drasshri`gcs - tbc kdtuke Daotrkdtiec Mkdbiocry aj tbc musdec - kesa dkeec` 4;

 

 

‒Kdtivc Cecmcots’, Cddcotrid-Aoey daotrkdtiaos dko pra`udc k``itiaoke jardc ‐ up ta 83-4>% aj ;XMs ‐ tbkofs ta tbc ‒^kssivc Cecmcots’ sudb ks Pitio & Daeekgco, wbidb is samctbiog ta rcmcmhcr cspcdikeey wbco `csigoiog bypcrtrapby headfs, io ar`cr ta mkximizc rcsuets (;4 (;4). ). Kdtio, myasio, ko` titio (kmaog atbcr pratcios) kee cxist witbio skrdamcrcs aj myajihries. Tkrdamcrcs dko hcst hc `csdrihc` ks tbc juodtiaoke uoits witbio striktc` musdec.

Hksidkeey, tbcy krc k `krfcoc` partiao aj striktc` s triktc` musdec tbkt is scpkrktc` ko` i`cotijic` hy z-`isfs. Io ar`cr ta daotrkdt, k musdec must rcdcivc ko cecdtradbcmidke impuesc ((kdtiao kdtiao patcotike) patcotike) jram tbc scosary argkos io tbc pcripbcry ta tbc spioke dar`, ko` tbc hrkio (DOT).  Pbc ocrvcs tbkt ioocrvktc tbc musdec jihcrs krc dkeec` matar ocuraos, ocuraos, ko` tagctbcr witb tbc jihcrs tbcy kttkdb tbcmscevcs ta, tbcy mkfc up tbc matar uoits (ocrvc uoits (ocrvc jihcr + musdec jihcr). Pbis impuesc trkvces `awo tbc matar uoit ko` rcekys k mcsskgc mcsskgc tbraugb  tbraugb k ocurao ta its rcspcdtivc skrdamcrcs, wbidb (kjtcr k dksdk`c aj cvcots)  wiee tbco rcsuet io musduekr daotrkdtiao, KFK tbc sei`iog aj tbio ko` tbidf jiekmcots kdrass aoc koatbcr.

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Wc foaw k jkir kmauot khaut musdecs daotrkdtiaos, hut tbcrc krc stiee mkoy uokoswcrc` qucstiaos. Jar cxkmpec, titio’s cxkdt raec is stiee rcektivcey uo`cjioc`, baw mkoy kdtio ko` myasio bck`s daoocdt `uriog pkrtiduekr daotrkdtiaos is stiee uofoawo, ko` tbc eist gacs ao. Pbc Pkfckwky  ◁

0 < Cddcotrid / eawcriog paritiao

◁

;-9>% ;-XM

^awcr

8-mioutcs - 3+ mioutcs

59>% ;-XM

4>-scdao`s - 73-scdao`s

3>-7>%

Dampauo` Mavcmcots

9>-scdao`s - 3-mioutcs

:>% - ;>>% ;-XM

Kddcssarics

03-scdao`s - 8-mioutcs

Tcts & Xcps @cdi`c

Ha`y Dampasitiao

03-scdao` - 8-mioutcs

Tcts & Xcps @cdi`c

Co`urkodc

Pbc Pkfckwky Xcst timcs dko hc ko kwcsamc taae jar cvcry ecvce aj jitocss cotbusikst. Pbcy dko fccp yau baocst witb yaur pragrkm ko` k`kptiog tawkr`s k dcrtkio gake. K``itiaokeey, tbcy dko hc uscjue taaes ta bcep yau k`lust warfaut ecogtbs wbco eijc bks yau ao k timc druodb. Aur picdc aj k`vidc< jio` wbkt rcst timcs yaur ha`y rcspao`s hcst ta, tbco k`kpt tbcm ta yaur trkioiog gakes!

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Dbkptcr 9< ^cria`izktiao Hksids Io tbis dbkptcr, wc’ee davcr pcria`izktiao hksids ko` baw ta cjjidicotey huie` pragrkms, ko` marc `ircdtey, baw I eifc ta vicw pcria`izktiao. ^cria`izktiao cotkies tbc wky wc dkeduektc ko` daar`ioktc tbc vkriktiaos ko` pragrcssivc avcreak` mctba`s wc yau usc io trkioiog. I eifc ta tbiof aj pcria`izktiao ks k rak`mkp jar trkioiog. It’s tbc eaog-tcrm peko jar gcttiog yau samcwbcrc ko` tbc mcsadydecs/midradydecs krc tbc mckos aj gcttiog tbcrc (tbc dkr, gks, ko` sa jartb). ^cria`izktiao Pimceiocs Hrafco @awo ^cria`izktiao is gcocrkeey hrafco iota tbrcc graups tbkt rcprcscot strktcgizc` timceiocs ko` tbcsc iodeu`c mkdra, mcsa, ko` midradydecs. Ckdb aj tbcsc dydecs wiee hc tbaugbtjueey durktc` ta tkrgct spcdijid gakes ko` k`kptktiaos. Io k grckt pcria`izc` trkioiog peko, tbcrc wiee hc ko avcrkrdbiog mkdradydec peko witb ―higgcr” trkioiog gakes, tbco witbio tbis mkdradydec tbcrc wiee hc muetipec mcsadydecs tbkt vkry io ecogtb ta suppart timcey trkioiog gakes, sbijts io eijcstyec, ko` sa jartb. Cvcry mcsadydec sbaue` bkvc k peko hcbio` it ko` k rktiaokec. Mcsadydecs sbaue` oat simpey hc timc jrkmcs wbcrc cxcrdiscs krc bkpbkzkr`ey swkppc` io ko` aut. Pbcy sbaue` iodeu`c strktcgid vkric` trkioiog tbkt’s mktdbc` witb spcdijid trkioiog k`kptktiaos< Ttrcogtb, bypcrtrapby, pawcr, ha`y dampasitiao, ctd. Pbcrc krc oa `cjioitivc timceiocs jar mkdra, mcsa, ko` midradydecs ko` dakdbcs wiee ckdb usc tbcir awo mctba`aeagics wbco huie`iog aut ckdb rcspcdtivcey. K jcw cxkmpecs dko hc scco hceaw,

◁ Mkdradydec< ; yckr+ ◁ Mcsadydec< 4-2 wccfs ◁ Midradydec< ;-8 wccfs

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Mcsadydecs ko` Wbkt’s Kdtukeey Impartkot Io tbis scdtiao, wc’rc gaiog ta `isduss mcsadydecs ko` wbkt tbcy sbaue` kddauot jar. Pa huie` k grckt mcsadydec, yau occ` ta kddauot jar muetipec trkioiog vkrikhecs. Pbcsc vkrikhecs krc tbc pieekrs aj grckt pragrkms ko` krc gckrc` tawkr`s spcdijid k`kptktiaos. My jkvaritc trkioiog vkrikhecs ta kddauot jar io mcsadydecs io oa spcdijid ar`cr aj jkvaritcs iodeu`c< ;.

Iotcosity - Wcigbt usc`

8.  Zaeumc - Kmauot aj scts/rcps 4. Xcst Pimcs Pimcs - Baw eaog yau’rc rcstiog hctwcco scts 0. Cxcrdisc Tcecdtiao  - Baw/Wby yau’rc dbaasiog dcrtkio cxcrdiscs 3. Jrcqucody - Baw ajtco yau’rc trkioiog k eijt/musdec :. Cxcrdisc Dbaidc/Ar`cr Dbaidc/Ar`cr - Xktiaokec jar cxcrdiscs ko` tbcir ar`cr ;. Fccps Pbiogs ―Jrcsb” Oatc tbc pkrcotbcsis krauo` ―jrcsb” khavc. Jrcsb, io tbis sdcokria, `acs oat mcko pragrkm bappiog witbaut k peko, hut iostck` vkric` witb strktcgy. Mast jitocss cotbusiksts gcts harc` cksiey pcrjarmiog tbc skmc mavcmcots `ky-io ko` `ky-aut.

0>

 

 

Gcocrkeey, 0-wccfs is k gaa` gaa` timc jrkmc ta kdbicvc dcrtkio trkioiog k`kptktiaos hcjarc citbcr ;) `ceak`iog ar 8) ma`ijyiog vkrikhecs. It’s impartkot ta rcdagoizc tbkt cvcry 0-wccfs, wbiec yau migbt hc stkrtiog k ocw mcsadydec, tbcrc wiee hc samc daosistcodics tbraugbaut tbc pragrkm. Jar cxkmpec, samc mavcmcots mky rcmkio tbc skmc, keaog witb samc vaeumcs/iotcositics, ko` sa jartb. Pbcsc daosistcodics sbaue` daiodi`c witb ekrgcr avcrekppiog gakes. Tamctimcs tbc gake is ta simpey fccp trkioccs iotcrcstc` io trkioiog, sa 0-wccf dbkogcs ta k pragrkm krc k gaa` mi``ec grauo` jar kdbicviog higgcr gakes, hut giviog k deicot k jrcsb tkstc. Pbis is wbcrc tbc krt aj dakdbiog damcs io ko` uo`crstko`iog baw ta kdbicvc wbkt yau occ`/wkot ta scc, ko` wbkt k deicot wkots. 8. Cksicr ta Xcdagoizc Wbco @ceak`s Krc Occ`c` @ceak` timc jrkmcs wiee vkry jram dakdb-ta-dakdb, hut gcocrkeey k 0, io wbidb > is hksidkeey oa cjjart/sittiog ao k dbkir ta k ;> wbcrc tbc cjjart is mkximke. Jar tbc Daodrctc ^bcksyquc Pcmpektcs, wc’rc usiog twa `ijjcrcot X^C sdkecs< aoc jar tbc strcogtb trkioiog pragrkm ko` pragrkm ko` aoc jar tbc dkr`ia rcgimco.  Wbco yau’ee apco tbc Daodrctc ^bcksyquc strcogtb trkioiog Pcmpektcs, Pcmpektcs, yau’ee oatidc tbkt ksi`c jram tbc cxcrdisc scecdtiao, Pcmpa, Pcmpa, Xcst timc, scts & rcp sdbcmc, tbcrc’ee kesa hc ko ―Iotcosity  Iotcosity Tdkec  io`cx” (ITi) tbkt yau’ee bkvc ta io`ivi`ukeey rktc ao k sdkec tbkt gacs jram ; ta 3. Pbkt Iotcosity Tdkec kddauots jar baw bkr` tbc scts aj ckdb cxcrdisc wcrc, jram k sdkec tbkt gacs jram ; ta 3. Witb tbc ITi wc’vc tric` ta k`kpt k seigbtey marc dampecx trkioiog mctba`aeagy ko` mkfc it uo`crstko`khec jar ocwcr ktbectcs.

Cvcry ktbectc dko hcocjit witb ahlcdtivcey eckroiog marc khaut tbcir ha`ics ko` wbkt tbcy hceicvc tbcy dko bko`ec io kdutc situktiaos (`uriog cxcrdiscs). Wc hceicvc it’s impcrktivc 0:

 

 

ta bcep hcgioocr ko` iotcrmc`iktc jitocss cotbusiksts ta `cvceap tbis sfiee ckrey ao io tbcir trkioiog dkrccr.

Baw ta Xck` ko` Ssc tbc ITi Tdkec  Tdkec 

◁ ;-8, ―Cksy-Ma`crktc”< wbco ko cxcrdisc is rktc` ―;” ar ―8”, tbkt mckos tbkt tbc scts wcrc quitc cksy ko` yau daue` bkvc cksiey pcrjarmc` kt eckst 4-0 marc rcps jar ckdb sct. ◁  4-0, ―Ma`crktc-Tamcwbkt ―Ma`crktc-Tamcwbkt bkr`”< wbco ko cxcrdisc is rktc` ―4” ar ―0”, tbkt mckos tbkt tbc scts wcrc ma`crktcey bkr` hut yau daue` bkvc `cjioitcey  pcrjarmc` kt eckst 8-4 marc rcps, jar ckdb ckdb sct. ◁ 0-3, ―Tamcwbkt bkr`-Bkr`”< wbco ko cxcrdisc is rktc` ―3” tbkt mckos tbkt tbc scts wcrc bkr` ko` yau daue` bkvc pcrjarmc` k mkximum aj ;-8 rcps marc, hcjarc rckdbiog tksf jkieurc.  jkieurc.  Pruc Hcgioocr Iotcosity Tdkec Gui`ceiocs ta ;>, wbcrc zcra is ―khsaeutcey oatbiog” ko` ;> is ―mkximke cjjart”.  Io tbc twa Dkr`iarcspirktary Gui`ceioc sbccts pravi`c` io tbis cHaaf, yau wao’t ga hcyao` ko X^C , ekhceec` ks ma`crktcey jkst.

◁ ◁ ◁ ◁ ◁

X^C > = khsaeutcey oatbiog. X^C 8-4= ―wkrm up”. X^C 4-0 = ―Ttck`y Ttktc”, yau dko tkef damjartkhey. X^C 3-: = ―Ma`crktcey Jkst”, dko oa eaogcr tkef damjartkhey. X^C 7-2 = ―Jkst/Zcry Jkst”, Jkst”, Dko hc mkiotkioc` aoey jar sbart hauts/spriots. hauts/spriots.

Baw `a I usc rcst timcs1 Xcst timcs krc k vkeukhec taae jar koy pragrkm ko` baw yau usc sbaue` hc `idtktc` hy yaur gakes ko` occ`s. Wbco it damcs ta cjjcdtivcey usiog rcst timcs yau occ` ta jirst `cjioc twa tbiogs,

◁ ;) @a yau bkvc k timc daostrkiot ao yaur warfauts1 ◁ 8) Krc yau tryiog ta mkximizc yaur cocrgy kvkiekhieity cvcry sct1 Koswcriog tbcsc twa qucstiaos dko bcep eky tbc grauo`warf jar tbc rcst timcs yau’ee tbco usc jar yaur trkioiog headf. Ckdb aj tbc qucstiaos khavc wiee Baw ta rck` cxcrdisc jeaw (H;. & H8)1 Wbco yau rck` samctbiog eifc H;. Iodeioc @umhhcee Hcodb ^rcss, ko` H8. Dbcst Tuppartc` @umhhcee Xaw, tbco tbcy krc iotco`c` ta hc pcrjarmc` aoc kjtcr koatbcr, hut witb rcst io-hctwcco tbcm. Pbcy’rc simiekr ta k supcrsct, bawcvcr, tbcy utieizc k rcst io-hctwcco tbcm. Wc usc tbcsc ta iodrcksc avcrkee warf dkpkdity ko` ta skvc yau timc `uriog yaur warfauts! Baw mkoy `kys aj rcst `a I occ`1

02

 

 

Yau sbaue` sdkec yaur rcst `kys hksc` ao yaur cocrgy ecvces ko` avcrkee rcdavcry. Pbcrc iso’t k pcrjcdt kmauot aj rcst timc tbkt koy jitocss cotbusikst sbaue` cmpeay, hut tbcrc krc gui`ceiocs aoc dko usc. Ssc tbcsc jaur qucstiaos hceaw ta bcep yau `cdi`c ij yau occ` k rcst `ky. Ij yau koswcr tbrcc aj tbc qucstiaos hceaw witb ycs, tbco it’s prahkhey k gaa` i`ck ta tkfc k `ky aj rcst. ;. Km I iod iodrc rc`i `ihe hey y sar sarc1 c1  8. @acs tbc tbaugbt tbaugbt aj warfiog aut aut mkfc mc uomativktc`1 uomativktc`1  4. Bkvc I trkioc` 4+ `ky `kys s io k raw1 0. Krc my pragrkm pragrkm oumhcr oumhcrs s stkyiog stkyiog tbc skmc skmc ar `cdeioi `cdeioiog1 og1 Kgkio tbaugb, it’s up ta yau ta tkfc tbc rcst yau occ` witbio yaur awo mckos. @a I occ` ta foaw my ;-rcp mkx1 Oa. Wbiec it’s uscjue ta foaw yaur ;-rcp mkx, it dcrtkioey iso’t rcquirc`!

Dbkptcr ;;< Dkr`ia Gui`ceiocs Gcocrke dkr`ia gui`ceiocs jar tbc pragrkm< Tiodc wc’rc `ckeiog witb `ijjcrcot pcapec witb `ijjcrcot trkioiog hkdfgrauo`s (ko` k   o` cvco  zcra trkioiog hkdfgrauo`s),  ), dkr`ia gui`ceiocs wiee hc `ijjcrcot hksc` ao durrcot bcketb, jitocss ecvces ko` gakes. Jirst aj kee it’s impartkot ta mcotiao tbkt it’s oat ocdcsskry ta iodeu`c k dkr`ia rcgimc io tbc trkioiog pragrkm, cspcdikeey ij tbc gake is ta huie` musdec ar cvco ta easc ha`y jkt. Bawcvcr, it dko hc k grckt taae ta iodeu`c ta iodrcksc `kiey cocrgy cxpco`iturc (tbcrcjarc spcc` up jkt eass), impravc bcketb, co`urkodc, passihey maa` & mudb marc. Yau mky hc k ruoocr io yaur bckrt ko` yau ocvcr focw, sa it’s kewkys k gaa` i`ck ta givc dkr`ia k dbkodc.

09

 

 

Jar tbc Daodrctc ^bcksyquc® pragrkm, tbc dkr`ia gui`ceiocs wiee davcr twa mkio pbkscs, wbidb krc kesa tbc pbkscs tbkt mast trkioccs wiee trkio io `uriog tbcir trkioiog dkrccr (uoecss (uoecss tbcy bkvc ta mcct spcdijid pcrjarmkodc gakes )).. Pbcsc pbkscs krc< ;. Pbc Kcrahi Kcrahid-H d-Hksc ksc trkioi trkioiog og 8. Pbc Kcrahid-Cjjidicody Kcrahid-Cjjidicody trkioiog It’s impartkot ta mcotiao tbkt tbc twa pbkscs `ao’t mktdb yaur awo, durrcot strcogtb trkioiog stktus. stktus. Io jkdt, tbc twa tbiogs krc `istiodt< Ij yau’rc ko iotcrmc`iktc eijtcr, it `acso’t mcko yau sbaue` sfip pbksc (;) uoecss yau’vc hcco impecmcotiog dkr`ia io yaur trkioiog rcgimc kerck`y. Jar iostkodc, yau mky hc ko iotcrmc`iktc eijtcr hut k hcgioocr ――ruoocr  ruoocr ”. ”. Zidc vcrsk, jar tbasc wba bkvco’t hcco rcsistkodc trkioiog hut bkvc hcco `aiog dkr`ia jar k wbiec, dbkodcs krc tbcy mky wkot ta sfip pbksc ; ko` stkrt witb (8), cvco ij tbcy krc stkrtiog tbc truc hcgioocr/oavidc strcogtb trkioiog pragrkm. Koywky< ;) Jar tbc jirst pbksc, tbc jadus sbaue` hc ta drcktc k pasitivc cxcrdisc cxpcricodc tbkt mky bcep sc`cotkry deicots ta hcdamc rcguekr cxcrdiscrs. It’s impartkot ta eckro ta colay tbc pragrkm ko` stkrt witb samctbiog cksy ko` `akhec io ar`cr ta iodrcksc k`bcrcodc,  k`bcrcodc,  wbidb cvcotukeey eck`s ta grcktcr rcsuets io tbc eaog tcrm. Yau `ao’t rckeey wkot ta ga ―kee aut” bcrc, wbkt mkttcrs oaw is tbkt yau `cvceap k trkioiog jeaw tbkt keeaws yau ta hc daosistcot. 8) Hcjarc wc gct ta tbc scdao` pbksc aj aur dkr`ia gui`ceiocs, it’s impartkot ta `ctcrmioc ZP; tbraugb tbc ―Tuh mkximke tkef tcst” io ar`cr ta pragrkm tbc ocxt pbksc wbidb wiee hc rcvaevc` krauo` it. Fcywar`s Yau’ee Occ` ta Foaw Pbis Dbkptcr

 

 

ZP; is tbc ―Zcotiektary Pbrcsbae` ;” ar tbc paiot `uriog cxcrdisc kt wbidb vcotiektiao stkrts ta iodrcksc kt k jkstcr rktc tbko ZA 8 (axygco uptkfc). Io atbcr war`s, tbis is tbc stkgc kt wbidb hrcktbiog rktc hcgios ta iodrcksc ko` tkefiog hcdamcs oa eaogcr damjartkhec. Pbis tcst is dcrtkioey oat ;>>% kddurktc (wbkt  wbkt rckeey is ;>>% kddurktc koywky1 )  hut it dko hc k vkei` ko` rceikhec ketcroktivc V;],  ko` it’s occ`c` ta `csigo tbc ^bksc 8  pragrkm. It’s k vcry vcrsktiec mctba` ta usc ko` it dko hc pcrjarmc` hy koyaoc, io koy typc aj coviraomcot (trck`miee, dydec crgamctcr, ceeiptidke, wbkt bkvc yau). Pbis tcst’s gake is ta mcksurc ZP; hy iodrcmcotkeey iodrcksiog iotcosity ta i`cotijy tbc BX tbkt mktdbcs it, wbidb is tbc BX kt wbidb tbc khieity ta tkef daotiouausey hcdamcs dampramisc`. X^C sbaue` hc fcpt krauo` 4-0 (aut aj k sdkec aj ;>) sa it sbaue` hc jcet ks ―ma`crktc ta samcwbkt bkr`”, kt ko iotcosity kt wbidb it jcces damjartkhec ta tkef. Ttkrt smkee< :> mioutcs/wccf ta hcgio witb (jar wccf ;), gaiog up ta 9> mioutcs/wccf hcjarc maviog ta tbc ocxt pbksc, (kt wccf 0-3). Dkr`ia Kcrahid Cjjidicody Prkioiog | ^bksc ;

Wccf ;

Wccf 8

Wccf 4

Wccf 0

Wccf 3

Jrcqucody

0x/wccf

0x/wccf

0x/wccf

0x/wccf

0/3x wccf

Wccfey Patke @urktiao (+;>% wccfey iodrcksc)

:> mio / wccf

:: mio / wccf

78 mio / wccf

2> mio / wccf

22 mio / wccf

@urktiaos aj  Tcssiaos

0x ;3-mio

0x ;:.3 mio

0x ;2 mio

0x 8> mio

0 x 88 mio

Iotcosity (bckrt rktc)

Hceaw ZP; X^C 4

Hceaw ZP; X^C 4

Hceaw ZP; X^C 4

Hceaw ZP; X^C 4

Hceaw ZP; X^C 4

Prkioiog Jarmkt

Ttck`y Ttktc

Ttck`y Ttktc

Ttck`y Ttktc

Ttck`y Ttktc

Ttck`y Ttktc

3;

 

 

Oatcs

◁ ◁

It is oat ocdcsskry ta dao`udt k suhmkximke tkef tcst ta `ctcrmioc BX kt ZP;. @cpco`iog ao baw sc`cotkry ko io`ivi`uke is, tbis pragrkm sbaue` hc daotiouc` jar ks eittec ks 8-wccfs ko` ruo jar up ta :-2 wccfs.

◁

Pbc hcgiooiog `urktiao aj tbc cxcrdisc sbaue` mktdb wbkt tbcy deicot is khec ta pcrjarm. Jar samc, it dko hc ;3-mioutcs daotiouaus, jar atbcrs it daue` hc hauts aj 3-;> mioutcs. Jram tbkt paiot, `urktiao sbaue` hc iodrcksc` hy ;>% ckdb wccf uotie tbc deicot is khec ta  pcrjarm 4>-mioutcs aj daotiouaus cxcrdisc.

◁

Aodc yau’rc khec ta sustkio tbc kdtivity ta 8> daoscdutivc mioutcs ‐ mavc ta pbksc 8 hceaw.

trkioiog-;> X^C sdkec, dkrcjueey iodrcksiog `urktiao aj tbc warfaut scssiao hy ;>% ckdb wccf. Oatc< k gcocrke ruec ta fccp io mio` ks yau stkrt tbis scdao` pbksc, is ta fccp bkr`-ta-cksy iotcrvkes ta k rktia aj ; scdao`s kt ko X^C 3-:,  yau’ee `a ;2> scdao`s kt ko X^C 4-0. Pbc gake is ta gct tbc rktia aj ; scdao` scdao`s s aj X^C 3-: krc jaeeawc` hy lust :> scdao`s aj X^C 4-0.

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Dkr`ia Kcrahid Cjjidicody Prkioiog | ^bksc 8

Wccf ;

Wccf 8

Wccf 4

Wccf 0

Wccf 3

Jrcqucody

4x/wccf

4/0x wccf

4/0x wccf

0x/wccf

0/3x wccf

Wkrmup

4-3 mio N ;;>-;8> H^M

4-3 mio N ;;>-;8> H^M

4-3 mio N ;;>-;8> H^M

4-3 mio N ;;>-;8> H^M

4-3 mio N ;;>-;8> H^M

@urktiaos aj  Tcssiaos

03 mio (R mioutcs)

3> mio (+;>% iodrcksc)

33 mio (+;>% iodrcksc)

:> mio (+;>% iodrcksc)

:: mio (+;>% iodrcksc)

Prkioiog Jarmkt

Ttck`y Ttktc

Kcrahid Iotcrvkes

Kcrahid Iotcrvkes

Kcrahid Iotcrvkes

Kcrahid Iotcrvkes

Warf ta

Oaoc

; scdao`s aj ckdb stkgc< ―K, H, D, @, C, J, G…” `. Ks yau dampectc rcditiog krauo` 3-;> ecttcrs, ksf yaurscej wbctbcr tbc tksf jcet<

◁ ―cksy” < yau dko damjartkhey tkef. ◁ ―uodamjartkhec-ta-dbkeecogiog”< ―uodamjartkhec-ta-dbkeecogiog”;7). Pbc Cjjcdt aj Wccfey Tct Zaeumc ao Ttrcogtb Gkio< K Mctk-Kokeysis. Tparts Mc`idioc , 07 (;8), (;8), 8323-8:>;. `ai.;>>7/s0>879->;7->7:8-7

8.

^ctcrsao, M., ^istieei, C., Bkjj, G., Bajjmko, C., & Gar`ao, ^. (8>;>). ^ragrcssiao aj vaeumc eak` ko` musduekr k`kptktiao `uriog rcsistkodc cxcrdisc. Curapcko Lauroke Aj Kppeic` ^bysiaeagy , ;;; (:), `ai.;>>7/s>>08;->;>-;743-9 ;->;>-;743-9  (:), ;>:4-;>7;. `ai.;>>7/s>>08

4. Bastecr @, c. (8>;9). Pbc cjjcdtivcocss aj >.3-eh iodrcmcots io pragrcssivc rcsistkodc cxcrdisc.

- ^uhMc` - ODHI . Odhi.oem.oib.gav .  Xctricvc` : Kprie 8>;9, jram bttps27;4 0. ^ctcrsao M@, c. (8>;9). Mkximiziog strcogtb `cvceapmcot io ktbectcs< k mctk-kokeysis ta

`ctcrmioc tbc `asc-rcspaosc rcektiaosbip. rcektiaosbip. - ^uhMc` - ODHI  . Odhi.oem.oib.gav . Xctricvc` : Kprie 8>;9, jram bttps4 mc`/;3;08>>4 3. Daequbauo, X., Gki, D., Kguiekr, @., Havc, @., @aeko, L., & Zkrgks, K. ct ke. (8>;2). Prkioiog

Zaeumc, Oat Jrcqucody, Io`idktivc aj Mkximke Ttrcogtb K`kptktiaos ta Xcsistkodc Prkioiog.  Lauroke Aj Ttrcogtb Ttrcogtb Ko` Dao`itiaoiog Dao`itiaoiog Xcsckrdb , 48 (3), (3), ;8>7-;8;4. `ai.;3;9/lsd.>>>>>>>>>>>>80;0 :. Xcieey P, c. (8>;9). Pbc spcdijidity aj trkioiog prcsdriptia prcsdriptiao o ko` pbysiaeagid pbysiaeagidke ke ksscssmcot< k

rcvicw. - ^uhMc` - ODHI  . Odhi.oem.oib.gav . Xctricvc` 87 Kprie 8>;9, jram bttps:4>  7. Tdbacojce` HL, c. (8>;9). Bypcrtrapbid Cjjcdts aj Daodcotrid vs. Cddcotrid Musdec Kdtiaos< K

Tystcmktid Xcvicw ko` Mctk-kokeysis. - ^uhMc` - ODHI . Odhi.oem.oib.gav  . Xctricvc` 87 Kprie 8>;9, jram bttps8>7973. `ai.;47;/lauroke.paoc.>8>7973 9. MKOOIAO, K., @SMKT, G., DAA^CX, X., CT^IOATK, J., JKXIT, M., & TPCZCOTAO, L. (;997).

Musdec jihrc sizc ko` typc `istrihutiao io tbarkdid ko` eumhkr rcgiaos aj crcdtar spiokc io bcketby suhlcdts witbaut eaw hkdf pkio< oarmke vkeucs ko` scx `ijjcrcodcs. Lauroke `ijjcrcodcs. Lauroke Aj  Koktamy , ;9> ;9>(0), (0), 3>3-3;4. `ai.;>0:/l.;0:9-732>.;9 `ai.;>0:/l.;0:9-732>.;997.;9>0>3>3.x 97.;9>0>3>3.x

3:

 

 

;>. Mkruykmk F, c c.. (8>;9). Ocw cekstid pratcio jram musdec. musdec. - ^uhMc` - ODHI . Odhi.oem.oib.gav. ;;.

LK, P. (8>;9). Co`-jiekmcots< k ocw strudturke cecmcot aj vcrtchrktc sfcectke musdec tbidf jiekmcots. - ^uhMc` - ODHI . Odhi.oem.oib.gav .

;8.

Bcrzag W, c. (8>;9). Xcsi`uke Jardc Cobkodcmcot Jaeeawiog Cddcotrid Daotrkdtiaos< K Ocw Mcdbkoism Iovaeviog Pitio. - ^uhMc` - ODHI . Odhi.oem.oib.gav  . Xctricvc` 88 @cdcmhcr 8>;9, jram bttps(0), ;;27-;;99. `ai.;>>7/s;833;->;7->493-y

37

 

 

Khaut tbc Kutbars Lkfc Haey, MT, DTDT Lkfc Haey is k wcktbcrc` vctcrko aj tbc jitocss io`ustry. Bc durrcotey scrvcs ks k Jitocss C`itar kt HkrHco`.dam, ko` mkiotkios k pcrsaoke trkioiog husiocss ao tbc si`c. Io 8>;3, Lkfc ahtkioc` bis DTDT jram tbc OTDK, ko` io 8>;: bc dampectc` bis Mkstcrs io Tparts Tdicodc kt Bajstrk Soivcrsity. Pa `ktc, Lkfc bks writtco avcr ;,3>> krtidecs khaut jitocss ko` bcketb, ko` daotioucs ta pusb tbc hauo`krics jar jitocss ko` bcketb daotcot drcktiao. Wbco it damcs ta jitocss ko` bcketb, Lkfc tkfc ko kpprakdb tbkt codampksscs tbc i`ck tbkt tbcrc’s oa aoc-sizc-jits-kee styec aj `aiog citbcr.

Cugco Eafi, D^P, ^O; Cugco Eafi is tbc awocr ko` drcktar aj tbc N^bcksyquc Iostkgrkm pkgc, wchsitc & ^crsaoke Prkioiog Husiocss. Bc’s warfc` witb buo`rc`s aj deicots io pcrsao & krauo` tbc ware`, ko` bis spcdiketics iodeu`c impraviog jitocss ko` ha`y dampasitiao tbraugb k damhioktiao aj spcdikeizc` strcogtb trkioiog pragrkms & tbc huie`iog aj sustkiokhec cktiog bkhits, hksc` ao tbc gakes aj ckdb io`ivi`uke ktbectc.

32

 

 

Daodeusiao Daogrktuektiaos, yau’vc mk`c it ta tbc co` aj tbc C-Haaf! Bapcjueey yau’vc tkfco samctbiog kwky jram tbc khavc iojarmktiao ko` dko k`kpt samc aj tbc mctba`aeagics ta yaur trkioiog. Kt tbc co` aj tbc `ky, wbkt’s mast impartkot is `cvceapiog pradcsscs tbkt mkfc tbc mast scosc jar yaur trkioiog styec, tbco k`kptiog tbc hcst/durrcot mctba`aeagics jar kddampeisbiog gakes. Ij yau occ` dekrity ao koy tapids, pecksc jcce jrcc ta rckdb aut! ◁

Npbcksyquc   Iostkgrkm< Npbcksyquc

◁

Iostkgrkm< NlkfcQhaey  

39