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DETAILING OF CONCRETE MASONRY Volume 1 - Solid Units 140mm
Concrete masonry: Strong, durable and attractive
PREFACE Successful masonry depends on adequate design and specification of materials, sound construction practice and an acceptable quality of workmanship. Good workmanship is in turn dependent on access to accepted norms of local detailing practice and materials. The purpose of this booklet is to provide guidelines for the detailing of concrete masonry structures. It should be read in conjunction with the Concrete Manufacturers Association’s Masonry Manual, the National Building Regulations, and National Home Builders Registration Council Home Building Manual the relevant South African Bureau of Standards specifications and codes of practice.
Published by Concrete Manufacturers Association Block D, Lone Creek, Waterfall Office Park, Bekker Road, Midrand Telephone: +27 11 805 6742 Fax: +27 86 524 9216 Email:
[email protected] Website: http://www.cma.org.za ISBN: 0-9583790-8-4 0-9583790-8-4 Fourth Edition 2008
Guidelines on the DETAILING OF CONCRETE MASONRY VOLUME 1 SOLID UNITS – 140MM EDITORS: J W LANE P J KELLY J H CATSAVIS
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GUIDELINES ON THE DETAILING OF MASONRY STRUCTURES REFERENCE CODING SYSTEM DESCRIPTION OF WALL Solid unit single leaf walls 140mm
s -**-**
Hollow unit single leaf walls 140 and 190 mm
h-**-**
Cavity walls 240 to 290 mm
c-**-**
Position in walls irConditioning units AirC Beam to Wall
s-ac-** s-bw-**
Bonding Patterns
s-bP-**
Control Joints
s-cj-**
Door Frames
s-df-**
Foundations and Ground floor slab
s-fg-**
intersection
Wall to Wall
s-ww-**
wall to Column (C (Concrete)
s-cc-**
wall to Column (S (S teel)
s-cs-**
wall to Column (M (Masonry)
s-cm-**
wall to Column (P (Pilasters)
s-cP-**
oint Profiles Joint P
s-jP**
Lintels
s-li-**
araPet Walls including coPing ParaPet W
s-Pw-**
Reinforcing
s-re-**
Roof Slabs
s-rs-**
Roof Trusses
s-rt-**
Sills
s-si-**
SusPended Floor
s-sf-**
tall walls walls Wall S tiffening - tall
s-ws-**
Window Frames
s-wf-**
NOTES
s-**-nb
Notes: t Notes: t p .
2
t ( x ) p p . w p “nb”, “nb”, p p .
INDEX CONTENTS g PART 1: 140 MM SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS (REFERENCE S-**-**) COMPUTER REFERENCE NUMBER f w
–
x
s-fg-01/03
6
–
s-fg-04/06
7
s
s-si-01/02
8
l
s-li-01/02
8
w
s-wf-01/02
9 - 10
d
s-df-01/02
11 - 12
sp
–
x
s-sf-01/03
13
–
s-sf-04
13
r
s-rt-01/04
14
Pp
s-Pw-01/03
15
r
s-rs-01
15
m p
s-bP-01/06
16
j p
s-jP-01
17
c/w
–
s-ww-01/04
17 - 18
–
-
s-cm-01/03
19 - 20
–
-p
s-cP-01/02
21
–
–
s-cc-01/05
22 - 24
–
–
s-cs-01/05
25 - 26
c
s-cj-01/02
27 - 28
a-c
s-ac-01
29
app appx a: d
30
appx b: s p
31 - 32
appx c: a-w
33
appx d: r fx
34
appx e: r d
35 - 36
appx f: v-j p
37
ak r: r : v 2 140 190 v 3 .
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GENERAL NOTES c pp , , . t p : (v 1), (v 2) (v 3). t p . e q – . t pp p . t k :
Materials: • Concretemasonryunits: / – -/ – x, p pp . • Mortar: c p . (w k ?)
Environmental conditions: • Environment: o lk p • Earth/Seismicmovement
Service conditions: • Loading: , p, , xp • Aggressiveconditions:
Type of structure • Unreinforced/reinforced/prestressed • Compositestructure: / /p / /
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• Degreeoffixitybetweenelementsandlikelymovement. • Specialfinishesandspecificationrequirements. • Workmanshipquality
Design • Modularco-ordinationofbuildingelements(workto200mmmodulehorizontallyand100mmvertically).
d pp . u , “ ” sans 10400. i p , p , p p . a . t p . t c m a p p .
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140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS FOUNDATION & WALL DETAILS - EXTERNAL WALLS
6
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS FOUNDATION & WALL DETAILS - INTERNAL WALLS
7
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS SILL & LINTEL DETAILS
8
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS WINDOW FRAME DETAILS
9
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS WINDOW FRAME DETAILS
10
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS DOOR FRAME DETAILS
11
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS DOOR FRAME DETAILS
12
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS SUSPENDED FLOORS ON EXTERNAL & INTERNAL WALLS
13
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS ROOF TRUSS FIXING TO WALL
14
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS PARAPET WALL & COPING DETAILS, WATERPROOFING: ROOF SLAB
15
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS MASONRY BOND PATTERNS
16
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS JOINT PROFILES & INTERSECTION OF WALLS - CORNERS
17
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS INTERSECTION OF WALLS
18
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS PIERS IN WALLS
19
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS PIERS IN WALLS
20
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS PILASTER BLOCKS IN WALLS
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140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS CONCRETE COLUMN/WALL INTERSECTIONS
22
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS CONCERTE COLUMN/WALL INTERSECTIONS
23
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS CONCERTE COLUMN/WALL INTERSECTIONS
24
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS STEEL COLUMN/WALL INTERSECTIONS
25
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS STEEL COLUMN/WALL INTERSECTIONS
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140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS CONTROL JOINTS IN WALLS
27
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS CONTROL JOINTS IN WALLS. LOCATIONS
28
140mm SOLID UNIT SINGLE LEAF WALLS AIR CONDITIONING UNIT INSTALLATION
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APPENDIX A DEFINITIONS Masonry wall means an assemblage of masonry units joined together with mortar or grout.
Masonry units may be either solid or hollow, and of brick or block size¹. Block means any masonry unit which has a length of more than 300mm or a width of more than 130mm and a
height of more than 120mm¹. Brick means any masonry unit which is not a block. A masonry unit having dimensions, which satisfy all of the
following conditions¹: a) length not more than 300 mm; b) width not more than 130 mm; and c) height not more than 120 mm. Hollow masonry unit: A masonry unit containing cavities in excess of 25% but not exceeding 60%, of the gross
volume of the unit¹. Masonry accessories: These include masonry anchors, connectors and ties other than wall ties; shelf angles and
their fixings; wall ties that transmit shear; and bed joint mesh¹. Masonry unit: A unit of a rectangular shape and that is intended for use in the construction of bonded
masonry walling¹. Solid masonry unit: A masonry unit either containing no cavities or containing cavities not exceeding 25% of the
gross volume of the unit¹. Types of masonry Prestressed masonry: Masonry in which pre-tensioned or post-tensioned steel is incorporated to enhance
resistance to tensile or shear forces¹. Reinforced masonry: Masonry in which steel reinforcement is incorporated to enhance resistance to tensile,
compressive or shear forces¹. Types of reinforced masonry Grouted-cavity masonry: Two parallel single-leaf walls spaced at least 50 mm apart, effectively tied together with
wall ties. The intervening cavity contains steel reinforcement and is so filled with infill concrete or grout as to result in common action with the masonry under load¹. Reinforced hollow blockwork: Hollow blockwork that is reinforced horizontally or vertically (or both) and subsequently
wholly or partly filled with concrete¹.
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SANS 10164-2 (See Appendix B)
APPENDIX B REFERENCES STANDARDS AND CODES OF PRACTICE ON THE USE OF CONCRETE MASONRY MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS
SANS 1215 – 1984
Concrete masonry units
USE OF MASONRY UNITS Planning, design and specifications
SANS 993-1972 (2002)
Modular coordination in building
SANS 10021-2002
Waterproofing of buildings
SANS 10155-2000
Accuracy in buildings
SANS 10249-2000
Masonry walling
NBRI R/Bou – 602
Fire resistance ratings – wall constructed of concrete blocks
Building Regulations
National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act 1987 revised 1990 SANS 10400-1900 (2007)
Application of the National Building Regulations
SANS 10401-1989
The construction of dwelling houses in accordance with the National Building Regulations
National Home Builders Registration Council Home Building Manual Structural Design
SANS 10100: Part 1 - 2002
Concrete
SANS 10160 -1989
The general procedures and loadings to be adopted for the design of buildings
SANS 10161-1980
The design of foundations for buildings
SANS 10164
The structural use of masonry
Part 1-2000
Unreinforced masonry walling
Part 2-2003
Reinforced and prestressed masonry walling
SANS 1504-1990
Prestressed concrete lintels
Crofts, FS: Lane JW
Structural concrete masonry, a design guide.
Concrete Masonry Construction
SANS 073-1974
Safe application of masonry-type facings to buildings
SANS 10145-2000
Concrete masonry construction
SANS 10155-1980
Accuracy in buildings
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION Aggregates
SANS 794-2002
Aggregates of low density
SANS 1083-2002
Aggregates from natural sources – aggregates for cement.
Cement
SANS 50197-1:2000
Part 1: Common cement. Part 1: Cement - composition specifications and conformity criteria
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SANS 50413-1:1994
Part 1: Masonry cement Part 1: Specification
SANS 1491-1989
Portland cement extenders
Part 1:
Ground granulated blastfurnace slag
Part 2:
Fly ash
Part 3:
Condensed silica fume
Dampproof courses
SANS 248-1973 (2002)
Bituminous dampproof course
SANS 298-1975 (1999)
Mastic asphalt for dampproof courses and tanking
SANS 952-1985 (2000)
Polyolefin film for dampproofing and waterproofing in buildings
Reinforcement
SANS 190: Part 2 - 1984 (2001)
Expanded metal building products
SANS 920-1985 (2002)
Steel bars for concrete reinforcement
SANS 1024-1991
Welded steel fabric for reinforcement of concrete
Sealants
SANS 110-1973 (2001)
Sealing compounds for building industry, two-component, polysulphide base
SANS 1077-1984 (2001)
Sealing compounds for the building and construction industry, two component polyurethane base
SANS 1305-1980 (2001)
Sealing compounds for the building industry, one-component silicone-rubber base
Lime
SANS 523-2002
Limes for use in building
Sand
SANS 1090-2002
Aggregates from natural sources. Fine aggregate for plaster and mortar
Wall ties
SANS 28-1986
Metal ties for cavity walls
USEFUL BRITISH STANDARDS
BS EN 12878-1999
Pigments for portland cement and portland cement products
BS 4551-1998
Methods of testing mortar, screeds and plasters
BS 4887
Mortar admixtures
Part 1: 1986:
Specification for air-entraining (plasticizing) admixtures
Part 2: 1987:
Specification for set-retarding admixtures
BS 6477-1984
Water repellents for masonry surfaces
CONCRETE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION PUBLICATIONS
Masonry Manual
8th edition
Free-standing walls
Design guide Technical note:
Unreinforced Reinforced
Lintels
Design guide Technical note
Building your house
Step by Step with building plans
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APPENDIX C ANCHORS – WALLS Anchors are used for tying metal straps, angles and wall accessories to masonry, concrete or steel, at wall/ concrete, wall/wall, wall/steel intersections, or to support a leaf of a wall or service. Anchors function by being held in position in the base material by friction, keying, bonding or a combination of these factors. Essentially the fixing of anchors to any member requires either the drilling of a hole to house the anchor, or the firing of the anchor into the supporting material. In general terms shot-firing anchors into brittle material such as concrete or masonry may shatter the material and the quality of support may then become suspect. Drilling is preferable where anchorage stress level is significant. Firing into ductile materials such as steel or timber is an easy and quick method of anchoring. In both cases the amount of force exerted in drilling or shot firing should not disturb the bonding of masonry units to adjacent units. The position of the anchor is important in ensuring optimum load carrying capacity. In the case of angles supporting a non-structural outer leaf of a wall to the main structure then the position of the hole in the vertical leg of the angle should be as near the top of the angle as possible. It is also preferable to use an unequal angle with the longer leg of the angle in the vertical direction. With straps holding walls to columns to provide lateral support, the anchor should be placed as near as possible to the right angle bend in the strap. This is to prevent the straightening out of the bend, with, say, shrinkage of the wall, which would tend to lift the masonry unit above the horizontal section of the strap, opening the bedding joint.
Normally a single anchor in the vertical leg of the strap is adequate but if two anchors are necessary then the spacing of these anchors should be such as not to reduce the overall anchorage. When shot firing into brittle materials the spacing should be at least 100 mm. Heated drawn steel should be used for straps that are bent and twisted. Normally stainless steel cannot be shaped to the required shape. The type, size and position of anchorage to be shown on drawings and/or clearly specified.
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APPENDIX D ROOF FIXING Types of Anchor (refer SANS 10400 Table 7) Roof Slope, Degrees
Max. Roof Truss, Rafter or Beam spacing, mm
Light roof
760
A, B or C
1050
B or C
1400
C
760
A, B or C
1050
B or C
1400
C
Less than 15
15 to 30
Type of anchor required Heavy roof
Not Applicable
Type A for
A, B or C Greater than 30
any
all applications
B or C C
Anchors Type A: 2 Strands 4 mm Galvanised Steel Wire Type B: 30 mm x 1.2 mm Galvanised Steel Strap Type C: 30 mm x 1.6 mm Galvanised Steel Strap Length of Anchorage
300 mm 600 mm
Type of Roof
Heavy roof (Concrete or clay tiles or slate) Sheeted Roof
Note: Details of types of anchors apply to buildings not exceeding two storeys in height and where span of the roof truss
does not exceed 10 m.
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T N E M E C R O F N I E R G N I D D E S B T N I D O J N G A N I S D E P D A B R N I T D S E , S S U T E I N T E : M E E C R X F I O D N I N E R E F P O P S I A L A T E D
g n i y t d n l a l a t w n f e o m e s c r e o v a f e n l i e r g n r i t o f c e g s n i r e h t t i a n L / h s e M
w
s l g a t n e i m n e p d o e d e n p a a p h x s e d t a n l o f l m a a i n d o g t a h i i D w
e t a l p 5 k c 2 i h 1 t / m 5 7 m / 8 5 , 6 0 w
d i r g e r i w r a l u g n a t c e R
0 5 1 5 / 1 0 , 5 5 3 2
0 3 x 0 1
e l a b . r e r o t t i e l a t l s p s n e i p i a t u c r s i s f e e i i l p t n a o g r c i r o e s p l g s m d h i n t o n i m r r a w t f e 0 s n s d 5 4 o e r n , i 2 2 e a s m r d n o t r i x e f i t s 0 t 2 i d n n m a 0 u , o l o 1 C 1 D o c C e b . r o t l e i s p e p i t u r s e l p a o c r o p l d h t n a i w n d o e i s m n r e i f m i n 5 2 3 D o c
w
e p y T s s u r T
s e r l i . w a s l n e a r i n o i g d a i w u t d e i s g h t r n i v o w e l s n o h t i w w a r T t
0 6 1 5 / 5 , 0 3 1 / 1 5 / 1 0 , 6 3
3
w
e p y T r e d d a L
t a l f e l b a l i a v a y l n O d l t u n n o i e h t s o m r l n o e e f . c e r e t d . o i s e f r t n e l i l u a i t e f s r c n e a t f n e t b i u y o n l j h a g i g b m i n h a r . e l e d f s r d m i e o e f r r W b p o r
h t i w s e r i w s l e a r n i i w d u t e i s g r n v o e l n o s w a r T t
5 5 , 3 / 0 5 3 1 , 2 3 / / 0 8 , 5 2 1 / / 5 5 , 7 2
n o i t p i r c s e D
m m m m m x , ) , e s g r ( i m m m m w g i , n , t , s m f n n e s i l o t , r c e e ) a h p o l a r f w o s e m p ( t s f h h f e m h t t o , g g o : t m e l e d r e e i i n a z x n z t o i i i e e W D W S b L L S N
e p y T
h c t e k S
5 2 / 0 2 3
, l e e t s s s e l n i a t s r o d e s i n a v l a g , d l i m r e h t e h w , y t i l a u q d e t a t s r o l a i c r e m m o c f i k c e h c , y t i l a u q e c r n o F a t . i s y t i s l e a r u n q i o d s n a o r r y t i l o c i b r a o l f i a d v a e t a k c c e o h C r o
s e i T l l a W
s r a B / s d o R
s p a r t S
S T N I O J G N I D D E B N I D E S U T N E M E C R O F N I E R F O S L I A T E D
n o r I p o o H
g b s e i e n e h t w t i a d s s i f t e v n s o h a e r o e u r e r s t s p e w n n e v i s e n l t r e a t u i a b e s n l s i l o w r a t o n e c e u f w w a m a s t o s f n t s e d c g a a i g a a g a r l e h r n l i o i t h t n a s l i t t l a l t p l c w c d u o i r f a e a n y e a i m o d e d n t l l i n v n m I n h a p s n a o I p a C c w a -
, r e e . p h p t i z c o v y t c i i b n l , n o d e e i t e e s s t n i o s u s r a l e r m d p r l o i r a e e c o h e t m f t e o d c s s d n s i e l u - s s z a d o s i o i r i o e r n l r e h e a a i n p t v p i v l a l e a f a o t k i M l g c s O
e c a e l p g r n a i o : h f d e c o r e n s t o t u a n c n r e i t b e f o o i j m n e u n s g c p n w y a r i c a t o d o i r f l d t v s n i r s e h o a e b a c f R - - - B o
e s l i s s n e e l e c n r t i o a a f n h t t g s d i s i h e e s t r b a e r o y l c n a o e o i e M r t o s . s l l o r e e d r i e e t t M s s o c
d e m r o f e d , h t o o d m t s e n , e d d n n u o i R r o
l e e t s t a s l f a d m e o r d f r y a t t i g l u c e a y r - u q l a s d t e m e r e t a o h N s t s
t a l F
s n m / s u l l t a i o n c w o j l o e g t e n t s i s l d i l a s d w t l n a n a g g i n e n o w i i j t s r r e l o g o o r a h i t n l h c w c c n d i a n o o t n l s w A - c - A s t n i o j g p n ) i a d r i l t s l s a a i w n t o r e t l c a n o W C ( s l a w o t s e s g s n i u r r t o f h c o n o A R
e s o p r u P
l e e t s t e e h s f o s y l o t i r l f u o a q s l t a u i c c f r f o e m m o o r m f c t s u c a y d l e a d r m a r o g N e r
l a i r e t a M
t n i o j t a a n i t r e c n o C
2
r 5 , a r 4 t o m 0 , g n 4 i d d e 5 b 0 , 0 1 , i n 4 2 3 d e c 5 5 a , 3 , l 1 1 2 P
m 5 / , 3 5 r s o i f e 2 T s t n e m s e r i e y i m m t t i u m v f q m m 0 a o e c m 0 5 r n f l 0 o 1 a o 5 i 1 r 7 s i e e v z < 0 n 5 0 e o i G r p S 7 1
h t e i w t e r d c e s l n i f m c t a d o i l n e i n u b t - a f n i n w U i s l o o d a r 2 : j l o 3 i n g o n r a w n h a < d i y t t d d i r e ø e d n r v o c e o o a < l a b c b c m 6 P - - - r e / d d r s h n e o t t l a d o t o i d g , b r e n n i u a l g b t i f n r i r e t m r d o e o i e f e r t r , d m r p c o s o o a t n t l h r c n s o n e t i s e i a c s o n o e i j y j e t f o r b s t g o e g g t n n d n i 0 i o i d e d , t e d r d n i x i n n g 3 l i d e n f e n s i e / o s t e l b d r 5 n , 5 n c o F n o e n i n n 2 2 O i e i p b o n i d e d d e b m t e i n s o d j 6 n , e r 1 o t / h r t 2 , o o 1 B m f , o e r t o r e n a t i r r n r t p o o o o a d c r m t t e t n i x s i n n i f u i f d o o e f d e o j t n r d d g a e o n e l d n i e e r r p s d o e s l b c d h e a n n e t u O m e i b o r t w
t a l F
6 , 1 / 2 , 1
e p a h S
m m m , m m , s r s m e e , t e g n h k t m n c d i i i a i x h i T W D F
D x i d n e p p A e e S
t r o p p u s l a r e t a l g n i d i v o r p e l i h w s e c r o f d n a s d a o l r e f s n a r t y l e f a s n a c s t n e m e l e y r n o s a m l a r u t c u r t s n e e w t e b n o i t c e n n o c g n i d i v o r p l a i r e t a m k c e h C
36
APPENDIX F V-JOINT IN PLASTER AND MORTAR
37
