Conceptos y Criterios en Psicopatología

 

 Jnterln  Estrukturns y Pslkgpntgigoên ]ejn Kunmrg kgjpnrntlvg Krlterlgs y Jgmeigs Me pslkgpntgigoên

  Krlterlg estnmêstlkg

Kgbkeptgs y krlterlgs eb pslkgpntgigoên

  -Pgstuinmg kebtrni mei krlterlg estnmêstlkg es ei me vnrlnfies, ins kunies sgb ins que mealbeb pslkgiûolknjebte n ubn persgbn, mgbme sgfresnieb me ubn pgfinklûb oeberni. - Es Este te kr krlt lter erlg lg ny nyum umnn ni me mesk skuf ufrl rljl jleb ebtg tg,, n in ex expi pilk lknk nklû lûb b y in  hustlalknklûb. -Mebtrg me in pslkgpntgigoên se kgbvlrtlû eb ub krlterlg mealbltgrlg yn que perjlte jemlr tgmg nqueiig que se mesvên me in bgrjnilmnm kgjg ub rnsog me in persgbnilmnm, ubn knpnklmnm lbteiektuni, ubn ejgklûb, ub naektg etk. Mebtrg me este krlterlg se dnfin me dlper g dlpgnktlvlmnm  pnrn  pnrn kntnigonr

  Krlterlg sgkl Krlterlg sgklni ni e lbterpersgbni

g norupnr ub kgjpgrtnjlebtg jgtgr niternmg.

- [gb krlterlgs que se fnsnb oebìrlknjebte kgjg sgklnies yn que ins  pslkgpntgigoêns se puemeb mealblr kgjg ubn bgrjntlvn me tlpg sgklni. [e mefe me teber eb kuebtn que ig que eb ub kgbtextg sgklni, kuiturni g dlstûrlkg es bgrjni, se tgrbn pntgiûolkg eb gtrgs g trgs y n in lbversn. - Es tnjflìb ub krlterlg pnrn in nusebkln g presebkln me pslkgpntgigoêns in nmnptnklûb n igs jgmgs me kgjpgrtnjlebtg espernfies, dnfltunies y kgbslmernmgs kgrrektgs pgr ub orupg sgklni. Eb in jemlmn eb que ubn  persgbn se kgjpgrte, plebse g slebtn kgjg ig dnkeb sus kgboìberes g kûjg ìstgs espernb que ig dnon, serî kntnigonmn kgjg bgrjni. -Pgr in jlsjn jlsjn kuiturn g sgklemnm , se puemeb presebtnr kgjpgrtnjlebtg  perturfnmgs g nbgrjnies, eb klertgs lbmlvlmugs, pgr bg seoulr esgs estligs kgjpgrtnjebtnies g kgbmuktunies.

 

  -[gb igs krlterlgs sufhetlvgs, lbtrnpsêqulkgs g persgbnies. Estgs, sgb igs Krlterlg que perjlteb ni prgplg lbmlvlmug mnrse kuebtn g rekgbgker su estnmg g sufhetlvg g sltunklûb (^uehns, jnblaestnklgbes verfnies, lbknpnklmnm pnrn nargbtnr  lbtrnpsêqulkg ub prgfiejn g fusknr ubn sgiuklûb rnzgbnfie, retrnljlebtg sgklni, etk).  

 

-In lbagrjnklûb prgpgrklgbnmn pgr esn persgbn sgfre sê jlsjg y sgfre su estnmg es ubn auebte me mntgs lrrebubklnfie e ljpresklbmlfie pnrn ei  pslkgpntûigog. - [e kgbslmern pntgiûolkg n in persgbn, in kuni, bg es kgbsklebte me sus sêbtgjns,( estnmgs pslkûtlkgs, mejebklns etk.). Perg ins persgbns que sê sgb kgbsklebtes bg se puemeb kgbslmernr kgb pntgigoêns.

  Krlterlgs Flgiûolkgs

  -Kgbhubtg me krlterlgs me bnturniezn bg pslkgiûolkn, se ebantlzn sgfre tgmg eb in bnturniezn flgiûolkn, aêslkn me ins persgbns. -Ins mlaerebtes pslkgpntgigoêns sgb niternklgbes y/g mlsaubklgbes eb ei jgmg bgrjni bgrjni mei aubklgbnjle aubklgbnjlebtg, btg, sen me in estrukturn estrukturn g mei jgmeig jgmeig  flgiûolkg. - Estns niternklgbes puemeb ser knusnmns pgr noebtes pntûoebgs exterbgs (mls), g pgr knrebkln me meterjlbnmgs eiejebtgs kgbstltuyebtes (n), g pgr  ubn rupturn eb ei equlilfrlg bgrjni me igs mlaerebtes prgkesgs (dlper g dlpg).

  Krlt Kr lter erlg lgss me nbgrjnilmnm

-]gmgs estgs krlterlgs sgb bekesnrlgs e ljpgrtnbtes perg blboubg es sualklebte  pgr sê jlsjg pnrn in pslkgpntgigoên, pslkgpntgigoên, ubg me igs gfhetlvgs prljgrm prljgrmlnies lnies kgbslste eb meiljltnr ei vnigr me knmn krlterlg n in dgrn me expilknr g premeklr in npnrlklûb me me kgjpgrtnjlebtgs nbgrjnies. -se kgb kgbslm slmern ernb b kgjg kgjg prlbkl prlbklplg plgss aubmnj aubmnjebt ebtnie niess n in dgrn dgrn me kntnig kntnigonr onr y knrnkterlznr meterjlbnmn knrnkterêstlkn8

>. bg dny blboøb krlterlg que pgr sê sgig sen sualklebte pnrn mealblr ub 6. ;.

=.

kgjpgrtnjlebtg g sebtljlebtg nbgrjni eb pslkgpntgigoên. bl blboø boøb b kgj kgjpgr pgrtnj tnjleb lebtg tg,, sebtlj sebtljleb lebtg tg g nktlvl nktlvlmnm mnm jeb jebtni tni es pgr sê jlsjg pntgiûolkg. In preseb presebkln kln me ps pslkg lkgpnt pntgi gigoê goêns ns repres represebt ebtnn ub gfs gfstîk tîkuig uig pnr pnrnn ei mesnrrgiig lbmlvlmuni me in persgbn que ins jnbtlebe g pnrn su orupg kerknbg. Ins persgbns kgb pslkg pslkgpntgi pntgigoên goênss bg niknbznb niknbznb blveies blveies ûptljgs me mesnrrgiig sgklni, naektlvg, lbteiektuni g aêslkg, y esns mlalkuitnmes estîb  prgmuklmns pgr nbgjniêns eb sus nktlvlmnmes, prgkesgs, aubklgbes y estrukturns.

 

5. Igs eiejebtgs eiejebtgs que mealbeb ub kgjpgrtnjle kgjpgrtnjlebtg btg g nktlvlmnm nktlvlmnm jebtni

1.

?.

kgjg pslkgpntgiûolkn bg mlalereb me igs que mealbeb in bgrjnilmnm jîs que eb tìrjlbgs me ornmg, extebslûb y reperkuslgbes, ig que sloblalkn que es jîs kgrrektg nmgptnr krlterlgs mljebslgbnies que knteogrlnies g mlskgbtlbugs. In preseb presebkln kln me pslkgp pslkgpntg ntgigo igoêns êns bg kgb kgbiie iievn vn bekesn bekesnrln rlnjeb jebte te in nusebkln me snium jebtni8 inpsus ilboune, nbgjniêns que se prgmukeb eb ei kursg me ubn nktlvlmnm jebtni bgrjni, etk. [nium bg es sûig nusebkln me ebaerjemnm slbg tnjflìb presebkln me  flebestnr.

IG[ JGMEIG[ EB P[LKGPN]GIGOÊN

 Jgmeig Flgiûolkg

-Ebt -Ebtle lebme bme ei kgjpgr kgjpgrtn tnjl jleb ebtg tg nbgrj nbgrjni ni kg kgjg jg ubn eb ebae aerj rjemn emnm m Fn Fnse flkggigo me sessin flgi bgolk mulkns kns tn  prgmuklmn pgr ei aubklgbnjlebtg pntgiûolkg me nioubn pnrte mei gron gronbl blsj sjg, g, kgigk kgigknbm nbmg g ni ke kere refr frg g kgjg kgjg kn knus usnn pr prlj ljnr nrln ln me in nbgrjni kgbmuktn nbgrjni g me in nbgrjnilmnm jebtni. -Kgr -Kgren en me Dubt Dubtlb lbot otgb gb,, se pgst pgstui uiû û  ig igss tr trns nstg tgrb rbgs gs jebt jebtni nies es  aubklgbnies ( Pntrgbes Pntrgbes me kgbmuktn nbgrjnies slb kinrgs lbmlklgs me niternklgbes groîblkns kerefrnies) ni bg gfteber respuestn g aniin mei gronblsjg. -[e -[e re reni nilz lznb nb et etlq lque uetn tnss pn pnrn rn in ki kins nsla lalk lknkl nklûb ûb me ebaer ebaerje jemnm mnmes es jebtnies eb igs lbmlvlmugs. -[e mealbe que igs trnstgrbgs jebtnies estnrênb reinklgbnmns kgb niternklgbes eb ei kerefrg, jîs que tgmg kgb igs beurgtrnbsjlsgres, igs kunies puemeb teber niternklgbes n blvei aubklgbni. -[e lmebtlalkn y resnitn in premlspgslklûb oebìtlkn ebtre pnrlebtes  flgiûolkgs Pgstuinmgs 

]l ]lebe ebe kg kgbke bkept ptgs gs kebtr kebtrni nies es qu quee kg kgbt btrl rlfuy fuyeb eb n kgbal kgbalou ourn rnrr ig igss kgjpgbebtes fîslkgs me su estrukturn kgjg ei8

-[lobg8Es ub lbmlknmgr gfhetlvg me ub prgkesg groîblkg nbûjnig

 

-[êbtgjn8 Es ub lbmlknmgr lbmlknmgr sufhetlvg sufhetlvg me ub prgkesg groîblkg, groîblkg, es in ublmnm jêbljn meskrlptlfie eb pslkgpntgigoên se puemeb kinslalknr  igs sêbtgjns kgjg prljnrlgs que bgs grlebtnb dnkln ub mlnobgstlkg meterjlbnmg g sekubmnrlgs que bg kujpebigs krlterlgs. -[êbmrgje8 Es ub kgbhubtg me slobgs y sêbtgjns que npnrekeb eb agrjn me kunmrg kiêblkg .

-Ebae -Eb aerj rjemn emnm m je jebtn btni8 i8 Es ub ubnn es estr trukt uktur urnn eb in que nmqul nmquler ereb eb sebtlmg igs aebûjebgs pnrtlkuinres y pgr ig tnbtg mgtn rekursgs expil exp ilknt kntlv lvgs gs ni jìml jìmlkg kg pn pnrn rn kg kgjp jpre rebm bmer er me mesm smee ig igss an ankt ktgr gres es etlgiûolkgs mei trnstgrbg dnstn in vnilmez mei prgbûstlkg nujebtnbmg in ealknkln mei trntnjlebtg. -Mlskgbtlbulmnm ebtre ig bgrjni y ig nbgrjni8  Ei trnstgrbg ni ser  kgbslmernmg kgjg ubn ebaerjemnm se kinslalkn y mlnobgstlkn, knmn trnstgrbg trnst grbg jebtni kgbstltuye kgbstltuye ubn ebtlmnm ebtlmnm kiêblkn.[eoøb kiêblkn.[eoøb ei jgmeig jgmeig jìmlkg knmn knteogrên kiêblkn se mlaerebkln kuniltntlvnjebte me igs mejîs trnstgrbgs jebtnies.

Qebtnhns8 Evniunklûb jgmeig

mei

-[lrve pnrn rekgrmnrbgs que igs prgfiejns pslkgiûolkgs, nubque sgb kgjpie kgj piehgs hgs y espekê espekêalk alkgs gs puemeb puemeb teber teber knusns knusns g kgbkgjl kgbkgjltnb tnbtes tes  pslkgiûolkgs mlobgs me evniunklûb y estumlg.

-In lbvestlonklûb beurgalslgiûolkn me in kgbmuktn nbgrjni prgoresn kgb rnplmez, prgmuklebmg buevn y vnilgsn lbagrjnklûb eb perlgmgs me tlejpg kgrtgs. -]rntnjlebtgs flgiûolkgs (pslkganrjnkgiûolkgs)  Mesvebtnhns8 -Ebtlebme n kgbslmernr ni lbmlvlmug/pnklebte kgjg niog pnslvg. -In vnilmez eb ei jgmeig flgiûolkg n blvei teûrlkg n jebumg es lbkgjpietg y pgkg kgbkiuyebtes.

 

-B -Bg g tgjn tgjn eb ku kuebt ebtnn in pnrte pnrte sg sgkl klni ni bl kg kgbmu bmukt ktuni uni,, ig ku kuni ni es ljpgrt ljp grtnbte nbte,, yn que iljlt iljltnn ei kgbgklj kgbgkljleb lebtg tg mei kgjpgr kgjpgrtnj tnjlebt lebtg g nbgrjni. -In vlmn jebtni tlebe que ver kgb ig flgiûolkg y bg flgiûolkg, es meklr, mekl r, tnjflì tnjflìb b se mefe me teber teber eb kuebtn kuebtn in pnrte pnrte pslkgi pslkgiûol ûolkn, kn, sgklni, kuiturni y njflebtni. -Estî alhg eb que es ubn ebaerjemnm y kgjg tni tlebe ubn knusn me tlpg groîblkg (niternklûb,ebmgkrlbn, niternklûb jetnfûilkn)

  JGMEIG KGBMUK]UNI (buevg pnrnmlojn me in pslkgigoên kiêblkn, estêjuig-respuestn) Jgmeig kgbmuktu kgbm uktuni ni kgj kgjgg nite ni terbn rbntl tlvn vn n in inss lbnmekunklgbes me igs jgmeigs jìmlkgs (jgmeigs me ebaerjemnm)

-Meflilmnm me in tegrên flgjìmlkn8 In prljern aue in lbknpnklmnm pnrn estnfieker kûjg ins niternklgbes alslgiûolkns lbmukeb igs sêbtgjns psêqulkgs g kgjpgrtnjebtnies. Nmejîs, Nmej îs, ei ’]rnbspg ’]rnbspgrte rte‚‚ que kgbslst kgbslstlû lû eb dnfer dnfer trnsvns trnsvnsnmg nmg ei jgmeig jìmlkg me in ebaerjemnm aêslkn ni knjpg me igs trnstgrbgs jebtnies jebtn ies sloblalkû sloblalkû eaektunr eaektunr ubn trnbspgslk trnbspgslklûb lûb mei jgmeig jgmeig jìmlkg jìmlkg n ub prgfiejn BG jemlkg.

Qebtnhns mei jgmeig kgbmuktuni -Ei jgmeig kgbmuktuni bg mealbe n ins ebaerjemnmes jebtnies kgjg ubn ebaerjemnm . ebtlebme igs prgfiejns pslkgpntgiûolkgs kgjg kgbmuktns mesnmnptntlvns nprebmlmns mei kgbtextg g njflebte, ins kunies mefeb ser kgrreolmns kgb ternplns me in kgbmuktn. -Bg dnfin sgfre ebaerjemnmes, sl bg sgfre prgfiejns me kgbmuktn, meflmg n ub mealklebte nprebmlznhe g ub mealklebte kgbmlklgbnjlebtg. -Bg lbmlknb ieslgbes groîblkns y nmejîs bg tlebe etlquetns, kgjg ei jgmeig flgiûolkg.

 

-]rnstgrbgss beurûtlkgs, -]rnstgrbg beurûtlkgs, sgb ei resuitnmg resuitnmg me anktgres anktgres njflebtnies njflebtnies,, jîs bg flgiûolkgs.

(Mesvebtnhns )Prgfiejns nsgklnmgs ni mlnobgstlkg jemlkg8 -Jukdns me ins krêtlkns ni jgmeig me ebaerjemnm se dnb kebtrnmg eb ig lbnprgplnmg que pueme iieonr n ser in npilknklûb mei mlnobûstlkg jìmlkg n igs trnstgrbgs jebtnies . -Kebtrn sus gfheklgbes eb tgrbg n tres nspektgs reinklgbnmgs kgb ei mlnobûstlkg jìmlkg8 in fnhn alnflilmnm, in fnhn vnilmez y in esknsn utlilmnm mei mlnobûstlkg pslqulîtrlkg. -In etlquet etlquetnkl nklûb ûb mei pnkleb pnklebte te pgsee pgsee eaektgs eaektgs beontlvg beontlvgss sgfre sgfre ei  prgplg lbmlvlmug perg ei prgfiejn resuitn jîs ornve sl in rgtuinklûb knreke me alnflilmnm y es pgkg vîilmn .

-Prgfiejns kgb ei trntnjlebtg8 ]gmn tegrên pslkgpntgiûolkn pnrte me meskrlflr,expilknr y premeklr in kgbmuktn nbgrjni mefe servlr n  pnrtlr me sus prlbklplgs. Ei jgme jgmeig ig jìml jìmlkg kg eb oe oebe bern rnii dn sl slmg mg me juy juy es eskns knsnn ut utli lilm lmnm nm exkep exk eptg tg eb igs igs trns trnstg tgrb rbgs gs kg kgb b au auer erte te fnse fnse al alsl slgi giûo ûolk lknn kg kgjg jg in esqulzgareb esqulz garebln ln g igs trnstgrbgs trnstgrbgs jnbênkgmepr jnbênkgmepreslvgs eslvgs.. Ei prgkesg prgkesg dn slmg lbversg n tgmn tegrên klebtêalkn exloe.

Mesnrrgiig y Igs nbtekemebtes klebtêalkgs dnb lbaiulmg eb in oìbesls me in tegrên prlb prlbkl klpl plgs gs me in kgbmuktuni.Ei gfhetlvlsjg y ei kgbmlklgbnjlebtg kgjg ehe kebtrni me in kgbmuktn. -_ntsgb -_nt sgb rekdnzû ei estrukturn estrukturnilsj ilsjg g y ei aubklgbnilsj aubklgbnilsjg g y sltuû ei kgbmuktlsjg,este se kgbvlrtlû jîs que eb ub jìtgmg me estumlg, eb ub kgbkeptg kebtrni pnrn expilknr igs jeknblsjgs me kgbmuktn. Murn Mu rnbt btee es estn tn prlj prljer ernn et etnp npnn er ernn dn dnfl fltu tuni ni qu quee pn pnrt rtle lern rnb b me meii experljebtg me _ntsgb y Vnyber prgpgrklgbnbmg ubn mejgstrnklûb experljebtni aubmnjebtnmns eb ei kgbmlklgbnjlebtg pnvigvlnbg me in nmqulslklûb me ubn agfln lbanbtli.

perspektlvn kgbmuktuni

 

Krêtlkns

n

in -Ni pnreker, in prîktlkn me in jgmlalknklûb me kgbmuktn bg sueie

 

perspektlvn kgbmuktuni

npilknr ig que in tegrên premlkn. -Jukdgs me igs teûrlkgs -Jukdgs teûrlkgs kgbmuktunies, kgbmuktunies, beonfnb beonfnb in pnrte oebìtlkn oebìtlkn y deremltnrln me ins ebaerjemnmes jebtnies. - Pnrn lbvestlonr lbvestlonr in kgbmuktn bg sgig se mefe lbterpretn lbterpretnrr in pnrte me estljuig- respuestn, slbg que tnjflìb se mefên me teber eb kuebtn in  pnrte lbterbn ( kgoblklûb ).

  Mlrekklgbes  Bnke in lbvestlonklûb kgbmuktuni- kgobltlvn, in kuni ornklns n igs nktunies npgrt npg rtes es me Fnbm Fnbmur urnn (>