Conceptos Clave para La Certificación AZ-900 de Microsoft Azure Parte 1
September 4, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Czurj4 ^hctcoarec quj tgjmj
um euibcs pasgfghg`c`js, bjrrcegjmtcs, iaefgmcigamjs `j jhhcs pcrc quj sj usjm pcrc icefgcr ch eum`a. Vjiursa Czurj
Iaeputj Yjrvgijs
Mjtwarkgml Yjrvgijs a sjrvgigas `j rj`
Yjrvgigas `j Ytarclj a checijmcegjmta
Fcsjs `j `ctas a @ctcfcsj Yjrvgijs
Iamijpta
Vjiursas /Yjrvgigas
Vjiursas4 " @gsias Yjrvgigas `j iùeputa a " ^raijsc`arjs praijscegjmta fcda `jecm`c " Ejeargcs Jdjiutc cpps fcsc`cs jm hc mufj " Vj`js " Ygstjecs apjrctgvas
Yjrvgigas4 " Eãqugmcs vgrtuchjs " Kufjrmjtjs " Czurj _grtuch Ecibgmj Yichj Yjts " Czurj Ouitgams (pcrc iaeputa sgm sjrvg`ar) " Iamtjmj`arjs
Yjrvgigas4 " Czurj _grtuh Mjtwark a rj`js vgrtuchjs " Czurj Prcoogi Ecmcljr " @@as ^ratjitgam " Fchcmijc`arjs `j icrlc Yjrvgigas4 Bcijm ciijsgfhj, `gspamgfhj, sjlura y " Czurj Fhaf Ytarclj (checijm afdjtas euy lrcm`js vg`jas-) c`egmgstrcfhj jh checijmcegjmta `j Cpartc oumigamjs `j rj` c has rjiursas `j czurj ^jregtj iamjitcrsj iam jh eum`a jxtjrgar, jmtrj så a iam atras ijmtras `j `ctas `j czurj
cribgvas y afdjtas lrcm`js
" Oghj Ytarclj (iaepcrtgr cribgvas y c`egmgstrcrhas) " Sujuj Ytarclj a Pcfhj Ytarclj
Yjrvgigas4 Ygrvjm pcrc checijmcr umc vcrgj`c` " Czurj Iaseas @F (pcrc fcsjs `j `ctas ma Jsqugvjh) `j tgpas y vahôejmjs `j `ctas " Czurj YSH @ctcfcsj (vjrsgùm c`egmgstrc`c `j hc ôhtgec Chtc ciijsgfghg`c` pcrc has usucrgas vjrsgùm `j YSH Yjrvjr -jh usucrga ma gmstchc a iamoglurc, Chgejmtcm has eatarjs saha sj aiupc `j has `ctas-) `j gmtjhgljmigc crtgogigch (GC) `j Czurj " Czurj @ctcfcsj Eglrctgam Yjrvgij (eglrcr fcsjs `j `ctas c hc mufj, ma icefgc jh iù`gla `j hc cpp)
Cprjm`gzcdj cutaeãtgia
Fgl @ctc `j Czurj
Gmtjrmjt `j hcs iascs a GaP
@jvAps `j Czurj
Iam cyu`c `j has eatarjs `j gmtjhgljmigc crtgogigch (GC) `j Czurj, sj ciij`j c jstas sjrvgigas pcrc bcijr prj`giigamjs a
Yjrvgigas4 " Czurj Ecibgmj Hjcrmgml Yjrvgij (irjcr ea`jha prapga `j Ecibgmj Hjcrmgml) " Czurj Ecibgmj Hjcrmgml Ytu`ga (irjcr ea`jha `j Ecibgmj Hjcrmgml `j oarec vgsuch y iahcfarctgvc)
cutaectgzcigamjs
" Czurj Ialmgtgvj Yjrvgijs (cpps prjocfrgic`cs pcrc
praijscr hjmlucdj mcturch, geãljmjs, vaz) Checijmcegjmta y cmãhgsgs `j Yjrvgigas4 lrcm`js icmtg`c`js `j `ctas " Czurj Yymcpsj Cmchytgis (igjmtas `j lf `j rjlgstra) " Czurj B@Gmsglbt Has `ctas sam jmvgc`as par hc GC " Czurj @ctcfrgiks Iamjitc sjmsarjs, rjhadjs gmtjhgljmtjs, rjorgljrc`arjs y Yjrvgigas4 ecqugmcrgc Icptc, cmchgzc y cituc iam has `ctas " GaP Ijmtrch " Czurj GaP Buf Eamgtarjcm y ecmtgjmjm " GaP J`lj iaeumgicigùm iamstcmtj iam has `gspasgtgvas Cyu`cm c has jqugpas `j `jscrrahha `j saotwcrj c cutaectgzcr y bcijr Yjrvgigas4 jogigjmtjs sus praijsas pcrc `cr " Czurj @jvAps ejdarjs pra`uitas c has ihgjmtjs " Czurj @jvPjst Hcfs Csjlurcm hc ichg`c` `j hc sahuigùm
Vjlgùm `j Czurj4 Ãrjc ljalrãogic `jh phcmjtc quj tgjmj Eãs `j um ijmtra `j `ctas
Ijricma j gm`jpjm`gjmtj jmtrj sg
par ha ejmas um ijmtra `j `ctas.
Yj iamjitc par rj`js `j fcdc hctjmigc
_cm c pjrtjmjijr c hc egsec rjlgùm
Czurj jqughgfrc hc icrlc `j trcfcda jmtrj has ijmtras `j `ctas pcrc csjlurcr jh sjrvgiga. Hcs rjlgamjs gmohuyjm jm4 " Iasta par usa `j has rjiursas "
Pgjepa `j rjspujstc (par jh rjiarrg`a oåsgia `j has `ctas)
" @gspamgfghg`c` `j igjrtas sjrvgigas (chlumcs iamoglurcigamjs `j eãqugmcs vgrtuchjs saha
jstãm `gspamgfhjs jm igjrtcs rjlgamjs) Yjrvgigas quj ma rjqugjrjm rjlgùm, sam
Vjlgamjs jspjigchjs iaea4
aemgprjsjmtjs jm Czurj ! ! !
ZY LA_ _grlgmgc (jxihusgvc `jh Lafgjrma `j Jstc`as Zmg`as a `jh martj `j Ibgmc -ma js apjrc`c par Egirasaot, sgma par umc jeprjsc iam iamvjmga 63_gcmjt)
Czurj Citgvj @grjitary Czurj Prcoogi Ecmcljr Czurj @MY
Ljalrcoåcs4 Yam um ejric`a a zamc z amc quj iamtgjmj `as a eãs rjlgamjs
`j Czurj, prjsjrvcm
has `ctas y has håegtjs `j iuephgegjmta jm hc hjy, jm czurj jxgstjm :4 Ljalrcoåcs
Ceçrgics
Jurapc
Csgc pciåogia
Argjmtj ej`ga
Corgic
Tamcs `j `gspamgfghg`c`4 Ijmtras
`j `ctas sjpcrc`as oåsgicejmtj ufgic`as `jmtra `j umc rjlgùm `j Czurj, ic`c zamc iamstc `j 3 a vcrgas ijmtras `j `ctas jqugpc`as iam4 " Chgejmtcigùm " Vjorgljrcigùm " Vj`js gm`jpjm`gjmtjs Ic`c zamc sj iamoglurc iam um håegtj `j cgshcegjmta, jsta pcrc quj så umc zamc `jdc `j oumigamcr hc atrc iamtgmôj trcfcdcm`a, csjlurcm`a cså hc iamtgmug`c` `jh sjrvgiga y jh checijmcegjmta `j has `ctas Tamcs `j `gspamgfghg`c`
Lrupa `j rjiursas4 Yj
Iamjitc`cs iam rj`js ogfrc ùptgic
Yam `j chtc vjhaig`c` y prgvc`cs
Ejdar rjm`gegjmta y sjlurg`c`
jmiujmtrcm `jmtra `j umc rjlgùm y umc zamc `j `gspamgfghg`c`. Oumigamc iaea um iamtjmj`ar hùlgia a `glgtch quj gmihuyj has rjiursas rjhcigamc`as c umc sahuigùm `j Czurj.
Oumigùm
C`egmgstrcr
Cphgicr pahåtgics
Ycicr iastas
Jhgegmcr ta`as has rji rjiurs ursas* as*
*Jhgegmc ta`as has rjiursas `jmtra `j çh `j ecmjrc oãigh y iaea um saha jhjejmta
Has pjregsas `j ciijsa quj sj hj pamlc ch lrupa `j rjiursas vc c cojitcr c has rjiursas quj iamtgjmj. Vjiursa4 Jhjejmta
c`egmgstrcfhj quj sj jmiujmtrc `gspamgfhj ej`gcmtj Czurj, chlumas jdjephas `j jstas sam4 " Eãqugmcs vgrtuchjs " Iujmtcs `j checijmcegjmta " Cphgicigamjs wjf " Fcsjs `j `ctas " Vj`js vgrtuchjs Lafjrmcmzc4 ^raijsa ljmjrch jm jh quj sj jstcfhjijm hcs rjlhcs y `grjitgvcs, cså egsea sgrvj
pcrc lcrcmtgzcr quj jstcs sj cphgicm y iuephjm. Iamstc `j cphgicr tcmta c has rjiursas iaea c has lrupas `j rjiursas pjregsas `j4 Ciijsa
@grjitgvcs
^ahåtgics
Vjlhcs
Mgvjh `j sjrvgiga, ciujr`a `j mgvjh `j sjrvgiga a YHC4 Ciujr`a oarech jmtrj umc jeprjsc `j sjrvgigas y jh ihgjmtj, `am`j hc jeprjsc sj iaepraejtj c tjmjr igjrtc icmtg`c` `j parijmtcdj `j `gspamgfghg`c` `urcmtj um tgjepa `jtjregmc`a. Jm Czurj jstj ciujr`a `jogmj has jstãm`crjs `j rjm`gegjmta quj Egirasaot sj iaepraejtj c praparigamcr ch ihgjmtj. Ea`jhas quj `jogmjm `gojrjmtjs mgvjhjs `j rjspamscfghg`c`` iaepcrtg`c `j um pravjj`ar `j mufj y um gmqughgma `j mufj. rjspamscfghg`c @gojrjmtjs ea`jhas `j sjrvgiga jm hc mufj4
Ea`jha `j
Icrcitjråstgics
sjrvgiga jm mufj
Iamijpta GccY
Gmorcjstruiturj cs c Yjrvgij (Gmorcjstruiturc iaea sjrvgiga)
Oumigùm Vjspamscfhj c`egmgstrcigùm y chicmij
^hctoare cs c Yjrvgij (^hctcoarec iaea sjrvgiga)
Yaotwcrj cs c Yjrvgij
trcvçs `j gmtjrmjt. Irjc umc gmorcjstruiturc `j tjimahalåc `j hc gmoarecigùm (PG) `j pcla par usa. Chqughc sus sjrvg`arjs, eãqugmcs vgrtuchjs, checijmcegjmta, rj`js, sgstjecs apjrctgvas `j um pravjj`ar jm hc mufj. Jh usucrga c`egmgstrc jh sgstjec apjrctgva, eg``hjwcrj, rumtgej, oujmtj `j `ctas y hc cphgicigùm quj sj jdjiutc.
^raparigamc um jmtarma pcrc iamstrugr, prafcr j gephjejmtcr cphgicigamjs `j saotwcrj. Irjc cphgicigamjs rãpg`cejmtj sgm ijmtrcrsj jm hc ljstgùm `j hc Oumigùm gmorcjstruiturc sufycijmtj. Vjspamscfhj Jh usucrga js jh jmicrlc`a `j c`egmgstrcr hc cphgicigùm y hcs oujmtjs `j `ctas. c`egmgstrcigùm Jh pravjj`ar `j sjrvgigas jm hc mufj sjrã qugjm sj prjaiupj par ta`a ha y chicmij `jeãs. Js um saotwcrj chadc`a y c`egmgstrc`a ijmtrchejmtj pcrc usucrgas ogmchjs. Iamijpta Oumigamc pcrc quj sj iamjitjm has usucrgas y utghgijm hcs cphgicigamjs jm hc Oumigùm mufj c trcvçs `j gmtjmjt (Egirasaot Aoogij 9?:, iarrja jhjitrùmgia, ichjm`crga). Iamijpta
^ccs
YccY
Ictjlaråc eãs fãsgic `j iaeputcigùm jm hc mufj. Js hc gmorcjstruiturc gmoareãtgic gmstcmtãmjc, cpravgsgamc`c y c`egmgstrc`c c
Vjspamscfhj
(Yaotwcrj iaea c`egmgstrcigùm ^ravj`ar `j sjrvgigas ihau` sjrc jh jmicrlc`a `j ta`c hc c`egmgstrcigùm. sjrvgiga) Fusic sjr usc`a iaea iuchqugjr cphgicigùm `gspamgfhj jm gmtjrmjt. y chicmij
Gmoareãtgic jm hc mufj4 ^rjstcigùm `j sjrvgigas gmoareãtgias c trcvçs `j gmtjrmjt ej`gcmtj um
ea`jha `j prjigas `j pcla par usa, marechejmtj saha sj pclc par has sjrvgigas `j hc mufj quj sj utghgzcm, ha quj pjregtj hc jiamaeåc `j jsichc js `jigr4 Vj`uigr has ia Vj`uigr iastas stas apjrctgvas
Jdjiutcr hc gmorcjstruiturc `j oarec oarec eãs eãs jogic jogiczz
Jsichcr c ej`g`c quj sj icefgjm hcs mjijsg`c` mjijs g`c`js js jepr jeprjscrg jscrgchjs chjs
Icpjx Icpgtch Jxpjm`gturj)
ApJx Apjrctgamch Jxpjm`gturj)
Lcstcr jm sjrvgigas a pra`uitas sjlôm sjc Iamtrciigùm `j icpgtch jxpj`gta4 Lcstcr jm mjijscrga, rjigfgjm`a umc ociturc gmej`gctc gmorcjstruiturc oåsgic par c`jhcmtc`a pcrc y `j`uigjm`a hc ociturc `j gepujstas jm jh `j`uigr jh lcsta jm hc ociturc `j gepujstas egsea cóa Chta iasta gmgigch y jh vchar `j hc gmvjrsgùm sj Ygm iasta gmgigch, yc quj js pcla par usa rj`uij iam jh tgjepa Czurj4 ^jregtj
quj has usucrgas pclujm par ha quj uscm. Jh jmtarma `j mufj aorjij vcrgcs vjmtcdcs jm iaepcrcigùm iam um jmtarma oåsgia, prgmigpchjs vjmtcdcs4 " Chtc `gspamgfghg`c` `jh iamtrcta `j mgvjh `j sjrvgiga " Jsichcfghg`c`4 _jrtgichejmtj
Bargzamtchejmtj
Icpcig`c` `j gmoareãtgic pcrc cuejmtcr Icpcig`c` `j gmoareãtgic pcrc cuejmtcr gmstcmigcs `j um rjiursa (iaea eãqugmcs VCE a I^Z c`gigamch c umc eãqugmc vgrtuch vgrtuchjs c`gigamchjs c umc iamoglurcigùm) " Jhcstgig`c`4 Cphgicigamjs jm hc mufj
Cpravjibcm jsichc`a cutaeãtgia
Hcs cphgicigamjs sgjeprj `gspamjm `j has rjiursas quj mjijsgtcm
" Clghg`c`4 Has rjiursas fcsc`as jm hc mufj sj puj`jm gephjejmtcr y iamoglurcr
rãpg`cejmtj c ej`g`c quj icefgcm has rjqugsgtas `j hc cphgicigùm. " Chtc `gspamgfghg`c` `j rjiupjrcigùm cmtj `jscstrjs4 ^jregtj gephjejmtcr cphgicigamjs iam hc sjlurg`c` `j scfjr quj has `ctas sgjeprj jstãm pratjlg`as jm icsa `j quj sj pra`uzic um `jscstrj. Wc quj usc sjrvgigas `j4 Iapgc `j sjlurg`c` fcsc`c jm hc mufj
Vjphgicigùm `j `ctas
@gstrgfuigùm ljalrãogic
" Pahjrcmigc c ochhas fcsc`as jm hc `gstrgfuigùm ljalrãogic `j hcs cphgicigamjs4 @ctas sj gephjejmtcm
Jm ijmtras `j `ctas rjlgamchjs `j ta`a jh eum`a
Lcrcmtgzc c has usucrgas tjmjr jh ejdar rjm`gegjmta jm su rjlgùm
Ea`jhas `j gephjejmtcigùm `j gmoareãtgic pcrc hc mufj4 Ic`c
ea`jha tgjmj cspjitas `gojrjmtjs quj sj `jfjm tjmjr jm iujmtc ch eaejmta `j eglrcr c hc mufj.
Ea`jhas gephjejmtcigùm pcrc hc mufj
Mufj pôfhgic
Mufj prgvc`c
Mufj båfrg`c
@jsirgpigùm
@grglg`a c…
Vjiursas `j mufj, sjrvg`arjs y ^raparigamc rjiursas y sjrvgigas c arlcmgzcigamjs y checijmcegjmta sam prapgj`c` `j eôhtgphjs um pravjj`ar `j sjrvgigas `j usucrgas, marechejmtj sj ciij`j c tjrijras quj has jxphatc y has trcvçs `j umc iamjxgùm c rj` sjlurc (iaea jh gmtjrmjt) `gstrgfuyj c trcvçs `j gmtjrmjt Hcs arlcmgzcigamjs irjcm su jmtarma `j mufj jm su prapga ijmtra `j `ctas, tgjmjm um ciijsa `j Hc prapgj`c` y apjrcigùm `j has cutasjrvgiga c has sjrvgigas sam `j hc arlcmgzcigùm quj rjiursas gmoareãtgias utghgzc has rjiursas jm hc mufj praparigamc`as par has usucrgas `jmtra `j su arlcmgzcigùm Iaefgmc mufjs pôfhgics y prgvc`cs pcrc pjregtgr quj hcs cphgicigamjs sj jdjiutcm jm hc ufgicigùm eãs c`jiuc`c
Jstruiturc `j umc iaeputc`arc4
Jstas : iaepamjmtjs sam has quj mjijsgtc PA@C iaeputc`arc pcrc pa`jr apjrcr. Iaepamjmtj
Ghustrcigùm
Iamijpta
Ijrjfra `j hc iaeputc`arc. I^Z
(Zmg`c` Ijmtrch `j ^raijscegjmta)
Jmicrlc`c `j praijscr ta`c hc gmoarecigùm. Yaha praijsc4 3 y >. Pa`a ha `jogmj jm suec y rjstc, iam ha quj ljmjrc ta`as sus `ctas. Js umc ejeargc euy rãpg`c y `j ciijsa chjctarga, su
Ejeargc VCE
(Vcm`ae Ciijss Ejeary)
jstruiturc ma js `jogmg`c iaea hc ZYF quj sj hhjmc su jspciga `jpjmgjm`a `j iaea hhjlujm has cribgvas. Jstc ejeargc sj hhjmc sgm ar`jm. Lucr`c jh sgstjec apjrctgva Y.A. (\gm`aws, Hgmux, Eci, Cm`rags, GAY) quj js jh iam`uitar `j ta`a.
VAE
Checijmcegjmta
C `gojrjmigc `j hc VCE quj ch cpclcrsj pgjr`j ta`a,
pjrecmjmtj
jstj checijmcegjmta lucr`c has `ctas pcrc quj jstas
(@gsia `ura a `j
ma sj pgjr`cm.
jstc`a sùhg`a -YY@-) ^hcic ec`rj
(eatbjrfacr`)
Oujmtj `j chgejmtcigùm
Pa`as has icfhjs jxtrcs, js hc tcrdjtc tcr djtc `j igriugta geprjsa quj iamjitc has iaepamjmtjs `j hc iaeputc`arc. Js hc fctjrgc quj `c jmjrlåc c hc iaeputc`arc. ^ravjj c hc phcic ec`rj hc jmjrlåc pcrc quj has `jecs iaepamjmtjs puj`cm oumigamcr iarrjitcejmtj.
Gmtjriamjiigùm jmtrj I^Z, VCE y VAE4 Gmgigcr jh sgstjec apjrctgva4
VAE tgjmj jh
Ha ecm`c ch
Y.A.
I^Z
Jh I^Z ha Gmgigc jh Y.A.
icrlc c hc ejeargc VCE
Lucr`cr `ctas4
Has `ctas sj jmiujmtrcm jm
^cscm ch I^Z
hc VCE
Iaepamjmtj
Jh I^Z has
Yj lucr`cm has
jmvåc ch VAE
`ctas
Ghustrcigùm
Iamijpta
Js hc tcrdjtc lrãogic, c vjijs sj jmiujmtrc gmtjlrc`c jm jh I^Z a jxtjrmc c jstj quj sam hcs CE@ y M_G@GC.
L^Z
Jstc aptgegzc`c pcrc rjchgzcr vcrgcs tcrjcs jm um saha
(Zmg`c` `j
eaejmta, c `gojrjmigc `j hc I^Z quj saha rjchgzc umc
^raijscegjmta
tcrjc c hc vjz, js par jhha quj oumigamc pcrc eastrcr
Lrãogia)
geãljmjs rcpg`cejmtj. ^raijsc`ar euy rãpg`a quj cituchgzc jm tgjepa rjch.
Pa`c iaeputc`arc iam pcmtchhc tgjmj umc L^Z, cqujhhcs quj ma tgjmjm pcmtchhc oumigamcm sahcejmtj iam hc I^Z, js par jhha quj pcrc apjrcr umc iaeputc`arc ma sgjeprj js mjijscrga iamtcr iam umc L^Z. (Vyzjm pcrc lrãogias; Gmtjh pcrc jstcfghg`c`) Ibgps `j has pra`uitas quj tgjmjm jm hcs jeprjscs pcrc jvgtcr Iaeputc`arcs sgm pcmtchhc4 Ibgps rafas, oaias iam sjmsar `j eavgegjmta. Iaepamjmtj
Ghustrcigùm
Iamijpta
Jvgtcm jh safrjichjmtcegjmta `j hc iaeputc`arc _jmtghc`arjs
icusc`a par jh ichar ljmjrc`a par hc I^Z. Yg jh ichar ma sj jhgegmc hc iaeputc`arc puj`j hhjlcr c oum`grsj.
Pcecóa `j hc pchcfrc4 x2? sj `jrgfcm 96 fgts y ?0 fgts
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3
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362
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Has môejras `j cfcda sam par iucmtcs vjijs sj jhjvc jh môejra 6 (jsta par quj jm hc iaeutcigùm saha sj utghgzcm `as igorcs quj sam ‘ > y 3―), js `jigr4 Jhjvcigùm
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Môejra
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6:: js jh môejra eãxgea quj puj`j rjprjsjmtcr um fyjtj. 3 fytj
Efps
EFps
2 fgts
Ejlc fgts par sjlum`a
Ejlc fytjs par sjlum`a
Jm gmtjrmjt, jmtrj eãs hcrlas sjcm has fgts js eãs rãpg`a. @grjiigùm G^
@aegmga
- Yam has quj vgmiuhcm jh
- Iaar`jmc`cs quj tgjmj umc - Yj iaeprcm pãlgmc `jmtra `jh gmtjrmjt. - Oarec`cs
par
muejras
sjpcrc`as par um pumta, has iuchjs
ma
puj`jm
sjr
- Yam
umc
@MY
prapgj`c`
`glgtch iaea umc icsc jm jh gmtjrmjt.
`aegmga
iam
hc
`grjiigùm G^ - Js iaea umc fcsj `j `ctas
ecyarjs c 6:: (ha quj js um fyjtj). ^ãlgmc pcrc iamaijr hcs `grjiigamjs G^ ! bttps4//bastgmlibjikjr.iae bttps4//bastgmlibjikjr.iae
Iaeputc`arcs vgrtuchjs4 Yam iaeputc`arcs marechjs quj jstcm jm hc mufj, ta`cs sus
icrcitjråstgics jstcm sufg`cs jm hc mufj. Jdjepha `j iaeumgicigùm pcrc jmvgcr um ejmscdj4
Ha eãs hùlgia js pjmscr quj hc iaeumgicigùm js `j hc sglugjmtj ecmjrc4 Ejmscdj `j
Hhjlc c sjrvg`ar `j
\bctsCpp
Ocijfaak
^jra ma js umc iaeumgicigùm `j pumta c pumta, sg ma, js `j hc sglugjmtj ecmjrc4 Ejmscdj `j
Hhjlc ch
_c ch GY^
Hhjlc ch GR^
\bctsCpp
ea`je
(Iamijmtrc`ar)
(Jmrutc`ar)
Hhjlc ch
_c c atra GY^
lctjwcy
(^uj`j vcrgcr)
Ogmchejmtj hhjlc c sjrvg`ar `j Ocijfaak
Jmrutc`ar4 Hhjvc chla `j pumta ‘C― ch pumta ‘F―. Jdjepha `j jhha js jh GR^ (Gmtjrmjt Jxibcmlj
^agmt)
GY^4 ^ravj`ar `j gmtjrmjt
Lctjwcy4 Ijmtra `j `ctas lglcmtj
Jh ejmscdj quj sj jmvåc hhjvc4
G^ @jstgma
G^ Argljm
Ygstjec Apjrctgva
Irj`jmigchjs @ctas
(usucrga y iamtrcsjóc)
Hctjmigc a pgml4 Pgjepa `j jspjrc, tgjepa jm quj tcr`c hhjlcr umc gmoarecigùm `j um pumta
c atra. Mumic js ‘>―, yc quj sgjeprj `jfj pcscr um pjrga`a `j tgjepa cumquj jstj sjc jxijsgvcejmtj iarta. Yjrvgiga `j _^M4 Vj` prgvc`c vgrtuch, iarrj safrj jh gmtjrmt, js umc rj` vgrtuchgzc`c. Js um icrrgh
jspjiåogia pcrc um usucrga. Oumigamc pcrc4 - Ecmtjmjr prgvc`c hc gmoarecigùm `j um usucrga. - _jr gmoarecigùm a iamtjmg`a iamsg`jrc`a jxihusgva `j chlôm hulcr jspjiåogia (Jstc`as Zmg`as, Dcpùm, jti.). Pgpas `j _^M4 Pgpa 34 Bcij Bcij jh praijsa quj sj `jsirgfga crrgfc `j iaeumgicigùm, saha quj ljmjrc atrc G^ quj
gmvchg`c hc G^ arglgmch. Cså jvgtc quj sj iamazic hc G^ `jh usucrga quj jmvåc jh ejmscdj, pjra ma par jhha ma sj iamaij hc ufgicigùm yc quj jstc sj puj`j vjr jm jh L^Y (iucm`a jstj jstc citgvc`a).
Pgpa 64 Js jh egsea praijsa saha sa ha quj jm hulcr `j quj jh GR^ ecm`j c um pravjj`ar `j gmtjrmjt
hc sjóch, jstc sj jmvåc c um sjrvg`ar sjrvg`a r `j _^M (quj js `j iasta), `j cbå hhjlc c um GY^ (quj puj`j sjr `j chlumc atrc rjlgùm) y ogmchgzc `j hc egsec ecmjrc.
Ha sglugjmtj sglmgogic ha egsea quj jh icm`c`gta YYH
BPP^Y
quj cpcrjij jm hcs pãlgmcs4 ^ãlgmc Yjlurc
Icfhjs sufecrgmas4
Jh gmtjrmjt par ha rjluhcr ma sam sctjhgtjs, sg ma, sam icfhjs sufecrgmas prgmigpchejmtj. Jxgstjm chlumcs pcrtjs tramichjs (`am`j pcscm umc lrcm icmtg`c` `j icfhjs sufecrgmas)4 - Has quj iamjitcm c Jstc`as Zmg`as iam Jurapc - Has quj iamjitcm jh Yurjstj Csgctgia iam Jstc`as Zmg`as - Has quj iamjitcm Jurapc iam Corgic
Jstas icfhjs sj jmiujmtrcm eãs sjluras yc quj sj jxpamjm c umc ejmar icmtg`c` `j ciig`jmtjs. Yam icfhjs euy lrujsas quj tgjmjm igjmtas `j icfhjs `j ogfrc ùptgic cpghc`as. Jm hc gecljm, hcs hgmjcs `j iaharjs rjprjsjmtcm has icfhjs sufecrgmas , egjmtrcs quj has pumtas sam has GR^ (js (js `jigr, hcs quj ecm`cm hc gmoarecigùm `j um pumta c atra) C^G
(Cpphgictgam ^ralrceegml Gmtjrocij)
Y@K
(Yaotwcrj @jvjhapejmt Kgt)
Jmtarma `j `jscrrahha
Chla jxtjrma c hc cphgicigùm Chla quj sj usc `jmtra `j hc Pa`a ha quj rjqugjrj hc a
sahuigùm
quj
pravjj cphgicigùm yc quj oarec cphgicigùm
pcrc
pa`jr
oumigamchg`c`js. Js chla quj pcrtj `j jstc, sj pralrcec oumigamcr. sj puj`j jmvgcr c umc mufj. Jmvgcs gmoarecigùm
`jmtra `j hc cphgicigùm.
y tj
rjlrjsc jh rjsuhtc`a.
Jh usucrga egrc umc cphgicigùm famgtc y vgstasc lrcigcs ch Y@K, par ej`ga `j hc iuch sahgigtcrã `gmjra, jmtamijs jstc sj ha gmoarec ch C^G, jstc sj iaeumgic iam jh fcmia y hj pg`j jh `gmjra, jh fcmia `c jh vgsta fujma, jstc gmorarecigùm pcsc c hc C^G y jstc hj cvgsc c hc cphgicigùm quj sg sj hj `crã jh `gmjra ch usucrga. Fcikjm`
Oramtjm`
C^G°s
Js ta`c hc hùlgic `jh mjlaiga, Js ha quj egrc jh usucrga, js Iamjitarjs, js `jigr, ha quj js qugjm bcij jh trcfcda `jigr ta`a ha vgsuch (`gfudas, sjhjiigamc jh usucrga quj suiga. Hùlgic y praijsa.
hjtrcs, fatamjs, jti.).
qugjrj.
Zsucrga bcij pjtgigùm (rjqujst) c C^G
C^G jmtrjlc jh rjsuhtc`a ch usucrga
C^G cvgsc ch fcikjm`
Jh rjsuhtc`a pcsc ch C^G
Jxgstjm vcrgas hjmlucdjs `j pralrcecigùm, chlumas sam4 - ^B^4 ^crc wjf - DC_C4 Euhtgphctcoarec - I++4 Euhtgphctcoarec - ^ytbam4 Euhtgphctcoarec - DcvcYirgpt
Fcikjm` praijsc hc pjtgigùm
Yj irjc um rjsuhtc`a (rjspamsj)
^crc`c 34
Yjrvg`arjs `j hc mufj4
Haffy4 Pa`as Pa`as has ijmtras `j `ctas iujmtcm iam jstj cpcrtc`a, cquå sj tgjmj jh rjigfg`ar y sj
rjchgzcm has iamtrahjs `j ciijsa pcrc vjr qugjmjs jmtrcm ch sjrvg`ar, utghgzc4 - Iamtahjs oåsgias y `glgtchjs `j ciijsa - Icepus supjrvgsc`a - Jmtrc`c fgaeçtrgic - @jtjitarjs `j ejtch `j iujrpa iaephjta - Eamgtarja iamstcmtj `j bcr`wcrj - Igfjr`jojmsc jm tgjepa rjch - Gmorcjstruiturc supjrvgsc`c iamtrc gmijm`gas - Vjigihcdj gm sgtu `j sjrvg`arjs y jqugpas quj sj `cm `j fcdc
Iamijpta
Oumigamjs
Vj` `j eghhamjs `j ar`jmc`arjs gmtjriamjitc`as lhafchejmtj jm ijmtras `j `ctas `j ta`a jh eum`a quj trcfcdcm dumtas - Checijmcr y c`egmgstrcr `ctas - Jdjiutcr cphgicigamjs
M
^jregtj ±Iùea oumigamc1
- Aorjijr iamtjmg`as y sjrvgigas Ocighgtcr hc rjchgzcigùm `j citgvg`c`js `j checijmcegjmta y c`egmgstrcigùm `j `ctas Oumigamc lrcigcs c hc lrcm icmtg`c` `j ijmtras `j `ctas `j Egirasaot quj sj jmiujmtrcm jm ta`a jh eum`a
Yjrvg`arjs4 Yam pghcs `j iaeputc`arcs, cquå jstc umc lrcm icpcig`c` gmoareãtgic y `j
checijmcegjmta `j hc mufj.
` v j s ` j
p e
Iamdumta `j vcrgas `gsias `uras (rcik `j `gsias `uras). Yg sj scic uma `j cquå jsj ma puj`j vahvjr c rjgmlrjscr y `jfj sjr rjigihc`a. DFA@ fhc`j Jstas fhc`j jstcm vgrtuchgzc`as pcrc iamoarecr hc mufj. Ljm ? ^radjit Ahyepus Bcij has sjrvgigas `j praijscegjmta, icefgc `j iù`gla c ha quj iaeputj fhc`j vjeas `grjitcejmtj. Ljm < ^radjit Ahyepus Js gluch quj jh ? pjra eãs patjmtj, yc quj sj jmiujmtrc eãs iaeputj fhc`j cituchgzc`a. L^Z fhc`j
Jdjiutc sjrvgigas lcejr, `j lrãogias, vg`jas `j yautufj jm `gojrjmtjs vjrsgamjs `j rjsahuigùm.
Cquå fcdc ta`c hc gmoarecigùm y sj trcmsegtj c sjrvg`arjs Mjtwark Vaae (iucrta `j rj`js)4 Cquå jspjigogias. Czurj Arfgtch
(prayjita)
Cephgc chicmij `j hc mufj ch jspciga
Iamjitc jeprjscs iam sctjhgtjs
Ejdarc iaeumgicigùm jm jh eum`a
Cpayc mujvas sjrvgigas `j `ctas
Jmorgcegjmta4
- Egirasaot utghgzc vjmtghc`arjs lglcmtjs pcrc pa`jr jmorgcr sus iaputc`arcs. Ztghgzcm jmjrlåc ma rjmafcfhj (icrfùm, pjtrahja). - Hcs VCE sj ciaea`cm jm oghcs quj pjregtjm jh pcsa `jh ohuda `j cgrj ocighejmtj pcrc pa`jr jmorgcrsj euiba eãs rãpg`a. Has sjrvg`arjs ma sj puj`jm cpclcr yc quj sj `jsiamoglurcm, ljmjrcm`a quj has usucrgas pgjr`cm ciijsa c jhhas, c`jeãs sj tjm`råcm quj vahvjr c iamoglurcr ha quj ljmjrcråc ecyarjs lcstas.
Ijmtra `j gmmavcigùm4 Cquå sj jmiujmtrcm chlumas `j has prayjitas quj sj jstcm
`jscrrahhcm`a jm Egirasaot4 Hgqug` Geejrsgam Iaahgml ^radjit Mctgik
@MC Ytarclj
Sucmtue Iaeputgml
Jmorgcegjmta par håqug`a pcrc quj sj rjorgljrjm has fhc`js eãs rãpg`a. Ecm`cr um ijmtra `j `ctas ch oam`a `jh ecr pcrc tjmjr um ijmtra `j `ctas sufecrgma. Oumigamc pcrc `cr sjrvgigas `j mufj c hcs zamcs iastjrcs `am`j ma sj cejrgtj tjmjr umc gmvjrsgùm jxijsgvc. Lucr`cr jh C@M pcrc pa`jr ctjm`jr jmojrej`c`js jspjiåogics pcrc ic`c pjrsamc, yc quj `c hcs icmtg`c`js jspjiåogics `j ej`gicejmta quj `jfj utghgzcr jh pcigjmtj. Cyu`c c prjvgr y iurcr jmojrej`c`js c hcs quj jstceas prj`gspujstas. Jvahuigùm `j hc gmoarectgic, fcsc`c jm ta`cs hcs pasgfghg`c`js gmogmgtcs jm vjrtgich, bargzamtch jdj `j hcs R. ^jregtj jeuhcr hc mcturchjzc, prafcr vciumcs, ej`gicejmtas, rjchgzcr iamtrcsjócs gm`jsigorcfhjs, puj`j `jsigorcr ocighejmtj iamtrcsjócs.
^ãlgmc `jh hc mufj4 bttps4//mjws.egirasaot.iae/stargjs/egira bttps4//mjws.egirasaot.iae/stargjs/egirasaot-`ctcijmtjr-taur/ saot-`ctcijmtjr-taur/ ^ãlgmc pcrc gephjejmtcr GC `j Czurj4 bttps4//cg`jeas.egirasaot.iae bttps4//cg`jeas.egirasaot.iae Ma rjqugjrj `j utghgzcr ecmas, hc GC prujfc `gojrjmtjs jsijmcrgas y `j cbå `jtjregmcjh ãrjc ùptgec y ma sj schj `j cbå, saha rjchgzc pjqujóas egiracdustjs `j oarec rãpg`c y cutaeãtgic.
Gmtjhgljmigc crtgogigch GC)4
Ygm GC
Iam GC
Eãs tcr`c`a, pcrc halrcr iam`gigamjs Eãs rãpg`a, jmiujmtrc jh rcmla ùptgea y sj rãpg`cejmtj, sj cdustc ùptgecs rjqugjrj eãs tgjepa, rjqugjrj ea`gogic cutaeãtgicejmtj cdustcr `ctas
Jdjs4 Igjmigc `j `ctas
Gmtjhgljmigc crtgogigch
Crqugtjiturc `j sahuigamjs
^raparigamc pcrãejtras Zfgic jh rcmla ùptgea bgstargias `j has rcmlas
Js hc phctcoarec a fcsj `am`j sj jmiujmtrc ta`a
Iaeputa jm hc mufj4 Js hc jmtrjlc
`j sjrvgigas `j iaeputa ctrcvçs `j Gmtjrmjt. @cr sjrvgigas `j iaeputa ctrcvçs `j hc mufj iaea4 ^raijscegjmta `j gmoarecigùm
Checijmcegjmta `j gmoarecigùm
Vjsuhtc`as `j gmoarecigùm
Czurj4 Yjrvgiga `j mufj `j
Jmtrjmcegjmta `j GC
Fusquj`cs
Egirasaot quj jmtrjlc sjrvgigas gmoareãtgias c trcvçs `j gmtjrmjt. Gepartcmtj
Icrcitjrgstuic ecs gepartcmtj `j hc mufj. Hc icrcitjrgstgic eãs @jpjm`gjm`a `jh YHC, hcs cphgicigamjs `j mufj puj`jm gepartcmtj `j hc mufj praparigamcr sjrvgiga iamtgmua sgm gmcitgvg`c` cpcrjmtj gmihusa js quj jstc 60/< iucm`a hcs iascs vcm ech. Yg ochhc um sjrvg`ar sgluj apjrcm`a, yc quj iujmtc iam eãs sjrvg`arjs jm jsc y atrcs rjlgamjs.
Chtc `gspamgfghg`c`4
Mgvjh `j sjrvgiga YHC)4 ^arijmtcdj `j `gspamgfghg`c` y rjm`gegjmta
`j has rjiursas `urcmtj um tgjepa t gjepa `jtjregmc`a quj jh pravjj`ar csjlurc quj tjm`rã jh usucrga. Hc chtc `gspamgfghg`c` `jpjm`j `grjitcejmtj `j hc YHC. Chtc `gspamgfghg`c`
@jpjm`j `jh YHC
Gepartcmtj
Pa`a sjrvgiga quj iafrc Czurj tgjmj YHC, sg js lrctgs jmtamijs ma tgjmj YHC
Pahjrcmigc c ochhas4 Czurj
taec vjmtcdc `j has sjrvgigas `j rjspch`a, rjphgicigùm `j `ctas y lja`gstrgfuigùm `j hc mufj. Has `ctas jstãm sjluras cmtj `jscstrjs. Yj rjpamj `j jrrarjs`j
^ar quj tgjmj sjrvg`arjs `j
gmej`gcta
rjspch`a
Jmtrcm jm cuxghga ch prjsjmtcr ochhas
Jvgtcm hc pjr`g`c `j gmoarecigùm
Clghg`c`4 Gephjejmtcigùm
y iamoglurcigùm rãpg`c `j rjiursas `j mufj c ej`g`c quj has rjqujrgegjmtas icefgcm. Czurj js um sjrvg`ar quj yc jstc hgsta pcrc uscrsj, js `j cutasjrvgiga . Jhcstgig`c`4 Has rjiursas sj
puj`jm cutajsichcr `jpjm`gjm`a `j hc mjijsg`c` cituch, pjregtj tjmjr sgjeprj has rjiursas quj sj mjijsgtjm. Has rjiursas sj c`jiucm cutaeãtgicejmtj c hc `jecm`c cituch. Hhjlcm eãs usucrgas `j has phcmjc`as
Gepartcmtj
Hc jhcstgig`c` js cutaeãtgic
Ch schgr jh jxijsa `j hc `jecm`c sj `jsjstrjscm
Yj jstrjscm has sjrvgigas
_ujhvj jh sjrvgiga c hc marechg`c`
Hc jhcstgig`c` tgjmj um hgegtj quj ch safrjpcscrha pravaic um iahcpsa. iahcpsa. Jsichcfghg`c`4 Cyu`c c bcijr eãs lrcm`j um
Pgpa `j jsichcfghg`c`
_jrtgich
Bargzamtch
sjrvgiga a rjiursa. Bcy `as tgpas4
Iamijpta
Gmirjejmta `j hc icpcig`c` `j iùeputa clrjlcm`a VCE a I^Z ch rjiursa. Yj rjchgzc ecmuchejmtj y tgjmj um ecyar iasta. Gmirjejmta `j hc icpcig`c` `j iùeputa clrjlcm`a eãs gmstcmigcs `jh egsea rjiursa, js bcijr iapgcs a rjphgics `jh sjrvgiga. Js ejmas iastasc rjchgzcrhc, pjregtj bcijr fchcmija `j icrlc.
Cmchalåc
Cuejmtcr pgsas jm um j`gogiga.
Iamstrugr vcrgas j`gogigas gluchjs
Lcsta gmgigch `gmjra)
IcpJR
Yg
Icpgtch Jxpjm`gturj)
ApJR Apjrctgamch jxpjm`gturjs)
Ma Yj lcstc saha jm ha quj sj usc.
Iamijpta
Vjqugjrj
Cmchalåc
Lcsta gmgigch `j `gmjra jm gmorcjstruiturc ogsgic quj sj `j`uij c ha hcrla `jh tgjepa. Lcsta `j `gmjra jm sjrvgigas a pra`uitas jm jh eaejmta y sj ociturc par jhhas ch eaejmta.
Iaeprcr ta`a jh jqugpa, has sjrvg`arjs, hc iaeputc`arc.
Iaeprcr um iaibj jm cljmigc.
Vjqugjrj `j pclcr um `jrjiba par uscrhas, ma pcrc c`qugrgrhas.
Jdjepha `j chlumas ApJR (Apjrctgamch jxpjm`gturjs)4 Mjtohgx
CpphjEusgi
@gsmjy +
^rgej _g`ja
Fhge
^crceaumt +
BFA ecx
Ypatgoy
Ytcr +
WauPufj ^rjegue
Zfjr
Has ApJR tcefgçm puj`jm gr hglc`cs c chlumcs mufjs iaea4 Czurj
Ceczam \jf Yjrvgijs (C\Y)
Laalhj Ihau`
Chgfcfc Ihau`
Bucwjg Ihau`
GFE Ihau`
Zscr um Zfjr.
Mufj prgvc`c Am-prjegsjs, cefgjmtj haich)4 Has rjiursas cutaeãtgias sam `j usa jxihusgva
`j has usucrgas `j umc jeprjsc u arlcmgzcigùm, hc iuch sj jmicrlc `jh iamsuea `j jhjitrgig`c`, sjlurg`c` y ecmtjmgegjmta. Js iucm`a hc jeprjsc Gepartcmtj tgjmj jh iamtrah y rjspamscfghg`c` tatch `j hc mufj. Hc mufj prgvc`c vc _jmtcdcs `j tjmjr `j jstcs mufjs4
hglc`c c has IcpJR - Iuephgegjmta `j hjy4 Wc quj has `ctas ma sj puj`jm scicr `ctas sjmsgfhjs `j hc rjlgùm, jmtamijs sj rjqugjrj `j um ijmtra `j `ctas jspjiåogia jm hc rjlgùm (ha uscm euiba has fcmias). - Iamtrah jxcita `j has sjrvg`arjs quj sj rjqugjrjm y mjijsgtcm. Mufj pôfhgic4 Has
sjrvgigas sj aorjijm c trcvçs `j hc rj` `j Gmtjrmjt pôfhgic y jstãm `gspamgfhjs pcrc iuchqugjrc quj qugjrc iaeprcrhcs, js `jigr, iuchqugjrc quj qugjrc iamsjlugr sjrvgigas `j mufj `j tjrijras iaea Egirasaot Czurj.
Mufj båfrg`c4 Jmtarma quj iaefgmc, ousgamc a iamjitc umc
Gepartcmtj
Hc mufj prgvc`c js jxhusgvc `j ApJR
mufj pôfhgic y umc mufj prgvc`c,
ha quj pjregtj iaepcrtgr `ctas y cphgicigamjs jmtrj jhhcs. Hc mufj båfrg`c js euiba eãs jhjvc`c `j iasta, pjra sj usc par iujstgamjs `j4 - Vjlhcejmtcigùm - Eglrcigùm c atra tgpa `j mufj , yc quj jm ha quj eglrcm pcrc ma `jdcr c has usucrgas sgm jh sjrvgiga vcm c gr eglrcm`a paia c paia has `ctas y jm jsj hcpsa `j tgjepa jm quj sj gmtjricefgcm has `ctas, sj vc c tjmjr quj iamvjrtgr jm jstj tgpa `j mufj. Has fcmias bcijm usa `j jstcs mufjs, yc quj has `ctas jstc jm umc mufj prgvc`c `j IcpJR y jh praijscegjmta `j `ctas ha rjchgzcm par Czurj quj js ApJR. - Jxtjm`jr sjrvgigas, jm icsas `am`j yc sj gmvgrtga jm has sjrvg`arjs pjra ma cfcstcijm y sj rjqugjrjm eãs pcrc `cr um ejdar sjrvgiga, jm jsj icsa sj bcij usa `j has sjrvg`arjs quj yc sj iaeprcram (IcpJR) y sj hjs clrjlcm has `j Czurj (ApJR) pcrc pa`jr `cr um ecyar sjrvgiga sgm pjr`jr hc gmvjrsgùm rjchgzc`c cmtjrgarejmtj. Jsta ouj ha rjchgzù hc jeprjsc Yaotjk. Ea`jhas `j sjrvgiga4 GccY4 Ea`jha
`j sjrvgiga quj js euy ijricma c tjmjr `ctc ijmtjrs ogsgias. Jh pravjj`ar saha sj jmicrlc `jh bcr`wcrj y jh usucrga `jfj gmstchcr ta`a.
Yj usc pcrc4 Iamtrahcr tatchejmtj jh Y.A.
Pjmjr um saotwcrj a iamoglurcigùm jspjiåogic
Iamtrahcr ta`a jh saotwcrj
Jxtjm`jr jh ijmtra `j `ctas
^ccY4 Ea`jha `j sjrvgiga jm
um jmtarma `j chadcegjmta ljstgamc`a. Jh pravjj`ar sj jmicrlc `j hcs ecqugmcs vgrtuchjs y rjiursas `j rj`. Jh gmqughgma `j hcs cphgicigamjs. Czurj sj jmicrlc `j ta`a jh jmtarma `j `jscrrahha, jh usucrga sj jmicrlc `j ha quj pralrcec, has `ctas y has ciijsas. Yj usc iucm`a4 Yaha sj `jsjc pralrcecr
^ravjj`ar vj ecqugmcs vgrtuchjs y rjiursas `j rj`
YccY4 Jh
pravjj`ar `j mufj frgm`c hcs cphgicigamjs y sj jmicrlc `j jhhcs. Jh gmqughgma saha pravjj y sj jmicrlc `j has `ctas. Js jh saotwcrj tjregmc`a, jdjephas `j jsta sam4 Mjtohgx, Egirasaot Pjces, Egirasaot Aoogij. Yj usc iucm`a4 Yaha sj `jsjc ecmtjmjr jh iamtrah `j ciijsa y `ctas
Ea`jha `j sjrvgiga
Mgvjh rjspamscfghg`c`
GccY
Jhjvc`c
^ccY
Gmtjrej`gc
YccY
Fcdc
^ravjj`ar praparigamc jh saotwcrj tjregmc`a y ha cituchgzc
Cmchalåc
Zsucrga iasjibc jh Afrc mjlrc ecåz Zsucrga iaigmc Icsc iam sjrvgigas (cluc, chgejmtas huz) y pgmtc`c, sgm eujfhjs Gr c um rjstcurcmtj Icsc iam ta`as has sjrvgigas (usucrga ma iaigmc, y eujfhjs (usucrga saha sj saha iaej y pclc) `j`gic c vgvgr)
Jiamaeåcs `j jsichc4 Egjmtrcs eãs uscs hc mufj, eãs cbarrcs.
Iamijpta
Vjiursas
Lrupa `j rjiursas
^crtj oum`cejmtch `j Czurj. Jhjejmta egmgea c`egmgstrcfhj `j Czurj (fcsj `j `ctas, sjrvgiga GC, ecqugmc vgrtuch). Iamtjmj`ar hùlgia (`glgtch) quj gmihuyj has rjiursas rjhcigamc`as c umc sahuigùm. _crgas rjiursas umg`as pcrc bcijr um sjrvgiga eãs lrcm`j.
Cmchalåc
Zm pgmløgma saha
Pa`c umc pcrvc`c `j pgmløgmas
Vjlgamjs4 Ãrjc ljalrãogic `jh phcmjtc quj tgjmj
par ha ejmas um ijmtra `j `ctas `j Czurj. Ic`c pumta `jh ecpc quj cpcrjij jm jh jmhcij js umc rjlgùm4 bttps4//czurj.egirasaot.iae/js-ex/lhaf ot.iae/js-ex/lhafch-gmorcstruiturj/ljalrcpbgjs ch-gmorcstruiturj/ljalrcpbgjs// bttps4//czurj.egirasa Ijmtras `j `ctas sjpcrc`as ogsgicejmtj `amtra `j umc rjlgùm `j Czurj iam jhjitrgig`c`, rjorgljrcigùm y jqugpa gm`jpjm`gjmtjs. Js iucm`a sj tgjmjm vcrgas ijmtras `j `ctas (6-9) `jmtra `j umc rjlgùm. Tamc `j `gspamgfghg`c`4
Ochhc um ijmtra `j `ctas
Ijmtras `j `ctas `j hc rjlgùm ha cyu`cm
Checijmcm iapgc `j sjlurg`c` `j sus `ctas
Jh sjrvgiga puj`j iamtgmucr
Vj`grjiigamc c has usucrgas c atra ijmtra
Pcefgçm bcijm rjspch`a `j sus iamoglurcigamjs
Yg ta`as has ijmtras `j `ctas `j umc rjlgùm prjsjmtc ochhas, jmtamijs sj rjchgzc `j gluch ecmjrc um rjspch`a `j has `ctas y iamoglurcigamjs `j has sjrvgigas pjra cbarc jm um sjrvg`ar `j atrc rjlgùm, y has usucrgas sam eavghgzc`as c jstc mujvc ufgicigùm. Hc umgic oarec `j pjr`jr ta`as has `ctas js sg ta`as has sjrvg`arjs ochhcm ch egsea tgjepa.
Ljalrcoåcs4 Tamc quj iamtgjmj `as a
- - - - -
eãs rjlgamjs `j Czurj, jxgstjm :4
Cejrgics Corgic Jurapc Argjmtj ej`ga Csgc pciåogia
Yjrvgigas `j iaeputa4
Yjrvgiga `j iaeputa
Iaeputj
Mjtwark
Ytarclj
Fcsj `j `ctas (@F)
Fgl @ctc GC GaP @jvAps
@jsirgpigùm
^raparigamc sjrvgigas `j iaeputa a praijscegjmta fcda `jecm`c. ^raijsc hcs pãlgmcs, dujlas, gmoarecigùm, ecqugmcs vgrtuchjs. ^raparigamc sjrvgigas `j rj` quj pjregtjm iamjitcr has rjiursas iam jh eum`a jxtjrgar. Iamjitcm hcs rj`js (um ochha cquå ouj ha quj pravaia icå`c `j Ocijfaak). ^raparigamc sjrvgigas `j checijmcegjmta `j cribgvas y afdjtas. Ma js ha egsea quj umc fcsj `j `ctas, cquå sj checijmcm vg`jas, cribgvas, ^@O, jdjiutcfhjs, dujlas ^raparigamc sjrvgigas `j fcsjs `j `ctas pcrc umc cephgc vcrgj`c` `j tgpas y vahuejmjs `j `ctas. Yj lucr`cm rjlgstras `j usucrgas (maefrjs, iarrjas, iurps, tjhjoamas). ^raparigamc sjrvgigas pcrc jh praijscegjmta y cmãhgsgs `j lrcm`js icmtg`c`js `j rjlgstras. Checijmc lrcm`js icmtg`c`js `j gmoarecigùm (`j 0PF pcrc crrgfc). ^raparigamc sjrvgigas `j cprjm`gzcdj cutaeãtgia. Pgjmj `as tgpas `j ea`jhas prjocfrgic`as a ma. ^raparigamc sjrvgigas `j GaP pcrc iamjitcr y rjigfgr gmoarecigùm `j sjmsarjs, rjhadjs gmtjhgljmtjs, ecqugmcrgc, jti. Cyu`c c has jqugpas `j `jscrrahha `j saotwcrj c cutaectgzcr y bcij jogigjmtjs sus praijsas. Js hc pralrcecigùm.
^crc`c 64
@jh prapùsgta ch jeprjm`gegjmta Jepjzcr c bcijr hcs iascs iam um ogm. Jeprjm`jr Gmmavcr jm ha quj jstceas bcigjm`a, fusicr jmoaqujs `gojrjmtjs.
@as tgpas `j pjrsamcs4 - Jstu`gcm pcrc fusicr trcfcda - Jstu`gcm pcrc ljmjrcr um trcfcda
Pjmjr um prapùsgta `c sjmtg`a `j ojhgig`c`
Js gepartcmtj scfjr c `am`j qujrjeas gr, pcrc pa`jr tjmjr um icegma iamirjta y ma pjr`jrmas. Pjmjr um prapùsgta cyu`c c lugcrmas jm hc `grjiigùm iarrjitc pcrc halrcr hcs e ejtcs, jtcs, sg ma sj tgjmj jstc luåc sgephjejmtj quj`crjeas pjr`g`as Zm jeprjm`j`ar `jfj tjmjr bcfghg`c`js pjrsamchjs pcrc tjmjr çxgta, tchjs iaea4 - Pjmjr ihcra jh sjmtg`a `jh prapùsgta - @jscrrahhcr sjmtg`a `j mjlaigas - Pjmjr sjmtg`a `j gmmavcigùm - Zmc ejmtchg`c` `j irjigegjmta - Zmc phcmjcigùm jstrctjlgic
‘Bcstc quj tu egsgùm ma sjc tu afsjsgùm mc`c tjm`rã sjmtg`a―
- Vjsgstjmigc - Vjsghgjmigc Yjmtg`a `j prapùsgta Eatgvcigùm quj iamvgjrtj jh sglmgogic`a pjrsamch pjrsamc h jm ciigamjs quj hhjvcm
c ljmjrcr citas quj trcmsoarecm rjchg`c`js jm jh eum`a. ^crc `jscrrahhcrha sj rjqugjrj `j `jscrrahhcr4 - @jsja `j trcsijm`jr4 Yjmtgegjmta par `jdcr um hjlc`a sglmgogictgva jm jh eum`a (±Iaeù tj lustcråc sjr rjiar`c`a par hcs pjrsamcs quj qugjrjs a par jh eum`a1 ). eum`a1 ). - Egsgùm pjrsamch4 Bcfghg`c` pcrc gm`jmtgogicr y pjrsjlugr hcs ejtcs quj hj `cm um sjmtg`a s jmtg`a pjrsamch c hcs ciigamjs. Yj `jscrrahhc par ej`ga `j4
_gsuchgzcigùm4 _jr iaea mas vjeas jm jh outura, iaea hhjlcrjeas c sjr hc
a
pjrsamc quj qujrjeas sjr jm umas 3> cóas, iaea mas `jfjeas trcmsoarecr pcrc sjr jsc pjrsamc (geclgmcrmas `jmtra `j 3> cóas, `am`j vceas c vgvgr, quj jstcrç bcigjm`a, jm quj trcfcdcråc, iaea sjråc eg jmtarma, iaea sjråcm hcs pjrsamcs c eg chrj`j`ar, jti.).
Jmoaquj4 Fusicr cqujhhcs iascs quj rjqugjra pcrc pa`jr halrcr jstcr jm umas
a
cóas jm `am`j ej geclgma quj qugjra jstcr
@j`gicigùm4 @cr tgjepa `j eg pcrc halrcr egs afdjtgvas, trcfcdcr jm egs
a
citgvg`c`js pjrsamchjs pcrc hhjlcr c `am`j qugjra jstcr.
Prcfcda4 Prcfcdcr jm hcs bcfghg`c`js quj mjijsgta pcrc sjr hc pjrsamc quj
a
qugjra sjr jm jh outura. ±Ej hc pcsa fgjm egjmtrcs jstu`ga1 Yg hc rjspujstc js sg, jmtamijs ha @gvjrsgùm4 ±Ej
a
jstay bcigjm`a fgjm, yc quj jstay sglugjm`a eg prapasgta. - Jvcmljhgzcr4 Icpcig`c` `j iamvjrtgr umc egsgùm pjrsamch jm umc cspgrcigùm iahjitgvc. @jfjeas cmchgzcr quj tchjmtas tjmjeas pcrc pa`jr sjhjiigamcr quj qujrjeas bcijr jm mujstrc vg`c. Jmumigcr umc egsgùm par
- Iahjiigùm `j igtcs4 Cmãhgzcr igtcs quj ej lustcm y vjr quj rjhcigùm tgjmjm jm eg vg`c, iuãh js su tjectgic prgmigpch. - Parejmtc `j g`jcs4 Zmc barc y jsirgfgr quj tgpa `j pjrsamc say cbarc y quj ej g`jmtgogic, iaepcrcrha iam quj pjrsamc qugjra sjr. ^jregtj phcmjcr bcfghg`c`js, pjmscr pcrc quj ej oumigamcm egs `am`j y tchjmtas pcrc sjr jsc pjrsamc quj qugjra sjr. - Jh rjtgra4 Gluch quj tarejmtc `j g`jcs, saha quj rjqugjrj `j gr c um hulcr `j `jsicmsa oåsgia, hjdas `j hc igvghgzcigùm. - Gmvjstglc egsgamjs `j atras4 ^crc gmspgrcrmas `j hcs g`jcs quj tgjmjm atras GKGLCG Mujstra prapasgta `j vg`c !
Cijricegjmta phctcoarec Czurj
Jmtrcr c hc pãlgmc4 bttps4//partch.czurj.iae yc bttps4//partch.czurj.iae yc quj jm jstc sj puj`j ircr `j ta`a (pãlgmcs (pãlgmc s wjf, jmtrjmcr GC, bcijr fats, `ctas, jti.).
@gij ‘Gmmavcigùm ’ Egirasaot J`uicigùm Eçxgia― par quj jsc js hc Arlcmgzcigùm. Js umc iujmtc jeprjscrgch.
‘Cpcrgjmigc y vgstcs `j gmgiga― sj puj`j
ea`gogicr jh tjec jm jh quj sj qugjrj quj sj vjc jh partch
‘G`gaec y rjlgùm― pcrc sjhjiigamcr g`gaec jm
quj sj `jsjj quj jstj hc phctcoarec.
‘Czurj
Ihau`
iaecm`as
Ybjhh― _gstc
pcrc
bcijr
pcrc tjihjcr
`gstgmtcs
iascs
(pãlgmcs, ecqugmcs vgrtuchjs, jti.).
‘@grjitargas y susirgpigamjs― cquå sj iamoglurc
jh Pjmcmt
‘Matgogicigamjs― cquå Czurj matgogic sg jh
sjrvgiga ochha, sg ma sj irja chla, sg yc sj tjregma `j irjcr hc tcrjc, sg jh sjrvgiga prjsjmtc chlumc gmoarecigùm gepartcmtj, jti.
‘Iaejmtcrgas― sj hj gmoarec c Egirasaot
irgtgics iamstruitgvcs ^jregtj clrjlcr atrcs sjsgamjs sg sj tgjmjm vcrgcs, ch gluch quj grhcs icefgcm`a sjlôm sjc mjijscrga.
‘^cmjh― js iaea um `csbfacr` prapga pcrc
cmihcr vcrgas rjiursas quj sj `jsjcm vjr `j prgejrc ecma.
‘Yusirgpigamjs― cbå
susirgpigamjs
ejmigamc
iamtceas,
iam quj
quj rah
`jsjepjóceas y quj iasta js jh quj sj jstc pclcm`a. @jpjm`gjm`a `jh Vah quj tjmlceas sam has ciijsas c gmoarecigùm quj vceas c tjmjr `gspamgfhjs
‘Pa`as has rjiursas― cquå eujstrc ta`a ha quj
sj bc irjc`a jm Czurj
‘Lrupas `j rjiursas― sam icrpjtcs `am`j sj
vcm c ejtjr has rjiursas. Ma gmohuyj jm mc`c
tjmjr rjiursas jm `gojrjmtjs lrupas, mg quj sj jmiujmtrjm jm `gojrjmtj ufgicigùm. Has lrupas `j rjiursas puj`jm tjmjr rjlhcs (jd4 jm jstj ma sj puj`jm rjchgzcr fcsjs `j `ctas, jhgegmcr `ctas). Js rjiaejmcfhj quj par cphgicigùm sj tjmlc um lrupa `j rjiursas. ‘Ecrkjtphcij― js hc tgjm`c `j Czurj, cquå
vjm`j sahuigamjs tcmta `j Egirasaot iaea `j tjrijras. Gmihusa um usucrga puj`j irjcr umc sahuigùm pcrc sufgrhc yc sjc `j oarec lrctugtc a `j pclc.
Jh fusic`ar pjregtj fusicr hcs sahuigamjs par jh maefrj `j chlumc jeprjsc jspjiåogic.
^crc utghgzcr umc sahuigùm prjocfrgic`c sj hj bcij ihgik, sj hj `c jm irjcr y jmtamijs sj irjcrãm has rjiursas mjijscrgas pcrc quj hc sahuigùm gmgigj.
‘Fusic`ar― pjregtj fusicr jm PA@A Czurj ha
quj hj pamlcs, tgjmj lrcm patjmigc `j fusquj`c.
^crc irjcr umc sahuigùm sj `jfjm hhjmcr has icepas `j4 - Yusirgpigùm - Lrupa `j rjiursas - Vjlgùm - Maefrj ‘Vjvgscr y irjcr― vc c eastrcr `ctas `j hc sahuigùm iaea4 - Vjsuejm - @jtchhjs - ^hcm `j Cpp Yjrvgij -
Fcsj `j `ctas
Pa`a rjiursa `j Czurj mjijsgtc4 Vjlgùm Yusirgpigùm `j Czurj
Lrupa `j rjiursas
(ufgicigùm, hulcr `j `am`j sam has
Maefrj `jh rjiursa
(`jfj sjr ômgia)
ihgjmtjs)
Ch irjcr um rjiursa iaea umc pãlgmc jm \ar`prjss vc c irjcr `as rjiursas4 - ^ãlgmc - Fcsj `j `ctas
Gepartcmtj
Pa`a rjiursa mjijsgtc um lrupa `j rjiursas. Zm lrupa `j rjiursas puj`j tjmjr vcrgas rjiursas, pjra um rjiursa saha puj`j pjrtjmjijr c um lrupa `j rjiursas.
^crc jhgegmcr chla sj puj`j `cr apigamchejmtj jm `jtjmjr cmtjs, `j cbå sj `c ` c ihgik jm jhgegmcr y sj jsirgfj ‘Yå―
^crc`c 94
Irjcigùm `j \ar`prjss jm Cpp Yjrvgij4
- Irjcr um mujva lrupa `j rjiursas - Maefrcrha ‘sjsgamprcitgic3― - ^amjrha jm hc rjlgùm ‘(ZY) Ajstj `j JJ. ZZ. 6― - @crhj jm ‘Vjvgscr y irjcr― @jfj schgr um pcmjh iam4 - @ctas fãsgias - Jtgqujtcs Yj hj `c jm ‘Irjcr― y sj jspjrc c quj vchg`c Jh mujva lrupa `j rjiursas `jfj cpcrjijr `j hc sglugjmtj ecmjrc, sj vc c vjr iaea umc icrpjtc Fusicr ‘\ar`prjss― y sjhjiigamcr jh quj cpcrjij sahgta jm hc Ecrkjtphcij - Yj iaeprujfc quj hc susirgpigùm `glc ‘Czurj pcrc jstu`gcmtjs― - Yj `jfj sjhjiigamcr jh lrupa `j rjiursas quj sj cicfc `j rjchgzcr ‘sjsgamprcitgic3― - Yj sjhjiigamc hc rjlgùm ‘Ijmtrch ZY― - Yj hj pamj um maefrj c hc pãlgmc y sj hj `c jm ‘Vjvgscr y irjcr―
@jfj schgr um pcmjh iam4 - Vjsuejm - @jtchhjs - ^hcm `j Cpp sjrvgij - Fcsj `j `ctas Yj hj `c jm ‘Irjcr― y sj jspjrc c quj vchg`c Yj `jfj jspjrcr c quj tjregmj hc gephjejmtcigùm
Ch ogmchgzcr c gephjejmtcigùm eastrcrc jstc gmoarecigùm
Jh rjiursa quj sj irja `jfj jmiamtrcrsj ufgic`a `jmtra `jh lrupa `j rjiursas quj sj sjhjiigama Yj vcm c ljmjrcr trjs rjiursas4 - Cpp Yjrvgij - ^hcm `j Cpp Yjrvgij - Yjrvg`ar `j EyYSH Jmtrcr ch sjrvgiga `j ‘Cpp Yjrvgij―, sj vc c vjr4 - Apigamjs fãsgics `j ta`as has sjrvgigas `j Czurj - Gephjejmtcigùm - Iamoglurcigùm - ^hcm `j Cpp Yjrvgij - Bjrrcegjmtcs `j `jscrrahha - C^G - Yupjrvgsgùm - Cutaectgam - Yapartj y sahuigùm `j prafhjecs
‘Gmtra`uiigùm―
vc c eastrcr hcs ejtrgics, sahgigtu`js (iucmtcs ochhcram y iucmtcs ma), vjr iucmtas `ctas jmtrcram y iucmtas schgjram, tgjepa `j rjspujstc (chta pãlgmc ehcs aptgegzc`c, jstc suorgjm`a um ctcquj a tgjmj euibas usucrgas jmtrcm`a y ma cfcstjij). Cyu`c c vjr prafhjecs `j hc pãlgmc pcrc citucr cmtj jhhas.
‘J`gtar `j Cpp Yjrvgij― vc c pjregtgr hc jmtrc`c
c has cribgvas `jh Cpp Yjrvgij
‘Iamtrah `j ciijsa (GCE)―
pjregtj clrjlcr
egjefras y csglmcrhjs rahjs
‘Vjlgstra `j citgvg`c`― cpcrjijm jm hgstc ta`cs
hcs iascs quj sj bcijm jm jh rjiursa, tcmta par Czurj iaea par has egjefras. ‘Jtgqujtcs― pjregtjm
ictjlargzcr has rjiurs rjiursas as y vjr umc ociturcigùm iamsahg`c`c. Hcs jtgqujtcs ma gmohuyjm jm jh rjm`gegjmta a sjlurg`c` `jh rjiursa, saha ictjlargzcm
‘Gmtra`uiigùm― sg
hhjvc c hc pãlgmc
sj hj `c ihgik jm ZVH mas
Yj `jfj pamjr jh g`gaec, y rjlgstrcr has `ctas quj sahgigtc4 - Påtuha `jh sgtga - Maefrj `j usucrga - Iamtrcsjóc - Iarrja jhjitrùmgia Yj `c jm gmstchcr \ar`prjss
Yj `c ihgik jm `am`j cpcrjij jh maefrj y sj `jfj sjhjiigamcr jm ‘_gsgtcr jh sgtga― sj vc c vjr `j jstc ecmjrc
^crc c`egmgstrcr hc pãlgmc sj hj clrjlc ch ogmch `j hc ZVH ha sglugjmtj ‘/wp-c`egm― y cbarc sg sj puj`j j`gtcr iaephjtcejmtj ta`a.
^crc vjr jh iafra `j hc pãlgmc sj `jfj jmtrcr c hc Cpp Yjrvgij `js`j Czurj, sj bcij ihgik jm4 - ^hcm `j Cpp Yjrvgij - Icefgcr jh phcm `j Cpp Yjrvgij Jh O3 ma iafrc mc`c
^ãlgmc pcrc iamaijr jh irj`gta quj bttps4//www.egiras bttps4//www.egirasaotczurjspamsarsbgp aotczurjspamsarsbgps.iae/fchcmij s.iae/fchcmij
sj
tgjmj
`j
Cpp Yjrvgij
^hcm `j Cpp Yjrvgij
Yjrvg`ar `j EyYSH
Iamtgjmj hc pãlgmc (bastgml)
Yj `j`gic ch iafra y jsichcegjmta
Lucr`cr rjlgstras, js hc fcsj `j `ctas
Czurj4
Apigamjs fãsgics `j PA@AY has sjrvgigas `j Czurj4 - Gmtra`uiigùm - Vjlgstra `j citgvg`c` - Iamtrah `j ciijsa (GCE) - Jtgqujtcs - @gslmastgicr y sahuigamcr prafhjecs - Yjlurg`c` - Jvjmtas
Gepartcmtj
Zsa `j hcs jtgqujtcs `j Czur4 3. @cr eãs gmoarecigùm ch usucrga a c`egmgstrc`ar `j hc mufj 6. Iuephgr iam rjlhcejmtcigùm 9. Jegtgr ociturcs a bcijr rjpartjs `j iastas 0. Iuephgr iam igjrtcs ijrtgogicigamjs
Gmtjhgljmigc Crtgogigch (GC)4 Iamdumta `j eçta`as ectjeãtgias, pralrcecigùm y tjimahalåc pcrc
gegtcr hc oarec `j pjmscr `j has buecmas. Cprjm`j iaea um mgóa pjqujóa, yc quj rjiamaij, afsjrvc y csaigc. Oumigamc par4 Ea`jhas `j
@jtjiigùm `j
Jmtrjmcegejmta
prafcfghg`c`
pctramjs
(jmscya y jrrar)
^ralrcecigùm Prc`gigamch
Yj fcsc jm ljmjrcigùm `j rjspujstcs. Yj pralrcecm hcs rjlhcs, sj hj `gij ch pralrcec quj eujstrj ejejs, jmtamijs jstj iaea rjsuhtc`a eastrcrc has ejejs quj jstcm icrlc`as jm sus `ctas
Iaepcrcigùm
Cprjm`gzcdj
`jsgeghcrjs pctramjs
eãqugmc
Gmtjhgljmigc Crtgogigch
Yj fcsc jm hc ljmjrcigùm `j rjlhcs Hc GC sj jmicrlc `j ljmjrcr sus rjlhcs pcrc rjiamaijr chla jspjiåogia
Cprjm`gzcdj eãqugmc
@jsirgpigùm
Cprjm`gzcdj supjrvgsc`a
Hj `gijs c hc GC quj js umc iasc jspjiåogic, iucm`a jm cutaeãtgia sj `jtjitc c umc pjrsamc jm umc oata, icptibc Iucm`a sj mjijsgtc quj GC g`jmtgogquj pctramjs iucm`a ma jstcs uscm`aha, sufgr umc oata a vg`ja y jstj js jvchuc`a pcrc vjr sg su iamtjmg`a js cpta a ma Yj cyu`c c hc GC pcrc quj cprjm`c, yc quj sj hj `cm pjqujóas `ctas iaea ufgicigamjs a bcsbtcl jm oatas a vg`jas
Cprjm`gzcdj ma supjrvgsc`a Cprjm`gzcdj sjeg supjrvgsc`a
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Cfcda jm hc tjregmch sj vj iaea jstc iarrgjm`a - _crgcfhjs4 Yam Yam `ctas quj puj`jm gr icefgcm`a c ha hcrla `jh pralrcec (j`c`) - Iamstcmtjs4 Yam Yam `ctas quj ma puj`jm icefgcr par mgmlumc rczùm (iahar `j adas y pgjh)
Irjcr umc vcrgcfhj4 - ^amjr maefrj `j hc vcrgcfhj y chtjrmctgvcs, quj`crgc chla csg4 maefrj 5 ‘C`rgcmc―
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Eù`uha 34
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Djrcrquåc `j lrupas `j ljstgùm y susirgpigamjs4
Cihcrcr ociturcigùm `j hc arlcmgzcigùm
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