Conceptos Básicos Del Derecho Romano

 

i) Na`njp Na`njptas tas déskn désknas as mjh Mjrjn Mjrjnba ba Tagi`a Tagi`a

Jh Mjrjnba Tagi`a tuva su mjsirrahha bkstþrkna j` kmkagi hitç`. Jsta kgphkni quj hi tjrgk`ahaeçi utkhkzimi jsti skjgprj rjcjrkmi i u`i hj`eui quj yi `a sj bidhi y quj sucrkþ u`i jvahunkþ` guy kgparti`tj gkj`tris sj utkhkzþ. 9) KZ^ - CI^ Hi pihidri KZ^ mjdj trimunkrsj vuheirgj`tj naga "mjrjnba" y sj utkhkzi sahigj`tj piri sjùihir ih mjrjnba adojtkva. Jsta pisi parquj has ragi`as `a mjsirrahhira` hi tjarçi mjh mjrjnba sudojtkva. KZ^ ske`kckni mjrjnba, pjra `a saha jsa. ^jeÿ` naga sj hi utkhknj j` hi sk`tixks pujmj ske`kcknir "mj inujrma ih mjrjnba" Kurj,"piri jh mjrjnba" kurk,"mj mjrjnba" kurks. "Ihkj`k kurks" ske`kckni "ourçmknigj`tj mjpj`mkj`tj". mjpj`mkj`tj". Jh arkej` mj hi pihidri kus js na`travjrtkma y ih rjspjnta Mk Vkjtra sjùihi trjs pasknka`js? i) Kus pravkj`j mj hi rikz kue quj mi kmji mj vk`nuha, par ha quj kus sjrçi ha quj iti, hkei y vk`nuhi i has bagdrjs. d) Kus mjrkv mjrkvi i mj Kauks Kauks (mjs (mjske` ke`in inkþ` kþ` mjh mjh mkas mkas oÿpkt oÿpktjr) jr) binkj binkj`m `ma a ih mkas mkas cuj`t cuj`tj j jgi`itkvi mjh kus y armj`imar mj hi Nkvktis. n) Kus pravkj`j mjh vanidha kri`ka [ius y mi kmji mj "purjzi" a "si`tkckninkþ`‗ Viri has ragi`as KZ^ jri j`tj`mkma naga ‘ha jstidhjnkma‗, ‘ha quj jstidi dkj`‗, ‘ha quj jri narrjnta‗. Hi pihidri CI^ skrvj piri mjhkgktir his na`muntis quj sa` pjrgktkmis par has mkasjs. ^u na`trirki sjrki @JCI^, quj k`mkni his nasis prabkdkmis. KZ^ y CI^ CI^ sa` na`n na`njpt jptas as k`mjpj k`mjpj`m `mkj kj`tj `tjs, s, qu quj j tj`çi tj`çi` ` keui keuihh ojrir ojrirqu quçi çi j` sus sus arçej`js. ^jeÿ` Hipkjzi Jhk js nagÿ` quj piri ha quj `asatras na`skmjrigas  ourkmkna ipirjzni ipirjzni j` has pujdhas prkgktkvas j`trjhizima j`trjhizima na` kmjis géeknai`kgkstis y na`njpnka`js garihjs y rjhkekasis. CI^ j KZ^ jsté` igdas rjhinka`imas j` su arkej` jtkgahþekna na` na`njptas rjhkekasas mj ‘ha qujrkma a pjrgktkma par hi mkvk`kmim‗ cujra` hujea mkvjrekj`ma,

 

bisti qujmir jh CI^ vk`nuhima i ha mkvk`a y jh KZ^ i hi jxprjskþ` mjh mjrjnba mj pranjmj`nki y iphkninkþ` bugi`is‗. His `argis rjhkekasis sa` ‘mkntimis‗ a ‘rjvjhimis‗ par hi mkvk`kmim i has bagdrjs y tkj`mj` tkj` mj` i pjrgi`jn pjrgi`jnjr jr sk` nigdkas, nigdkas, gkj`tris gkj`tris quj his ourçmkni ourçmknis s inagpiù inagpiùi` i` jh mjsi mj sirr rrah ahha ha mj hi sa sank nkjm jmim im y nu nudr drj` j` na` na` gunb gunbi i gés gés pra` pra`tk tktu tum m his his `ujv `ujvis is `jnjskmimjs quj jh nigdka mj hi nagu`kmim nrji. 4) KZ^]K]KI Jstj tërgk`a tkj`j mas injpnka`js mkstk`tis. Var u` hima, pravkj`j mjh KZ^]Z^ y girni his innka`js mj has bagdrjs quj sj rjihkzi` na`cargj ih KZ^. Js mjnkr, quj tama ha quj sj rjihknj mj inujrma ih KZ^, sjré KZ^]A y intuir skjgprj isç, sjré intuir na` KZ^]K]KI. >) KZTK^VTZMJ@]KI Jsti Js ti pihid pihidri ri prav pravkj` kj`j j mj mas mas vanid vanidhas has,, KZTK KZTK^ ^ (mj (mj mj mjrjn rjnba) ba) y VTZM VTZMJ@ J@]K ]KI I (sidkmurçi) (sidkmur çi) y jh ske`kcknima sjrçi, ‘sidkmurçi j` gitjrki mj mjrjnba‗. Zhpki`a mjnçi quj js ‘hi nkj`nki mj ha ousta y mj ha k`ousta‗. Hi trimunnkþ` na`njptuih mj KZTK^VTZMJ@]KI sjrki Mantrk`i. =) IJYZK]I^ Jstj vanidha sj pujmj trimunkr hktjrihgj`tj naga JYZKMIM. Bisti hi ëpani mjh Mjrjnba Nhéskna ske`kckna u` vihar kmjih quj sj hj imoumknidi i hi `argi ourçmkni. Mjspuës, j` hi adri mj Oustk`ki`a ipirjnj jh na`njpta mj jhjgj`ta gamjrimar y i vjnjs na`trirka ih jstrknta KZ^, par ha quj, intuir jquktitkvigj`tj jri narrjekr has rjsuhtimas mj hi iphkninkþ` jstrknti mjh KZ^. :) KZ^ VZDHKNZG „ KZ^ VTKSI]ZG Vudhknug tkj`j mas injpnka`js, par u` hima, Mjrjnba jgi`ima mj has arei`as jstitihjs, jh quj pravkj`j mj hi HJR. [, par atra hima, jh mjrjnba mjh Jstima. Vrkvitug, js jh quj tkj`j quj vjr na` jh k`tjrës mj has pirtknuhirjs.

 

3) KZ^ NKSKHJ „ KZ^ EJ@]KZG Hhigidi` Nkvkhj ih Mjrjnba quj jri prapka y jxnhuskva mj has Nkvjs (nkumimi`as ragi`as). @a jri iphknidhj i rjhinka`js na` jxtri`ojras, parquj piri eazir mj sus `argis mjdçi` sjr nkumimi`as ragi`as, sç a sç. Naga Na ga mjdçi mjdçi` ` j`na j`na`tr `trir ir u`i u`i sahun sahunkþ` kþ` piri piri na` na` has has jxtri jxtri`oj `ojra ras, s, is isçç `inkþ `inkþ jh Ej`tkug, quj js jh Mjrjnba nrjima par has ragi`as (cu`migj`tihgj`tj i trivës mjh Vrjtar Vjrjerk`a) piri utkhkzir j` has `jeankas na` has jxtri`ojras. 5) KZ^ @I]ZTIHJ J` jh Mjrjnba Tagi`a `a jxkstj` cuj`tjs mj u`i mjck`knkþ` quj sj rjckjri ih @iturihj. Vjra par iheu`is k`stktutis mj Eiya y par jh Mkejsta, pamrçi mjnkrsj quj has ragi`as j`tj`mçi` par @iturihj ih Mjrjnba quj surej mj hi `iturihjzi mj his nasis. i) Cuj`tjs Cuj`tjs mjh Mjrjnb Mjrjnba a Tagi` Tagi`a a

^jeÿ` hi nhiskckninkþ` quj binj jh ourksna`suhta Eiya, his cuj`tjs mjh mjrjnba j` Tagi Ta gi cujra` cujra` sjks? sjks? His His Hjyjs Hjyjs,, Has Has Vhjd Vhjdksn ksnkta ktas, s, Has Has ^j`i ^j`ima mana na`su `suhta htas, s, His Na`stktunka`js Kgpjrkihjs, Has Jmkntas y His Tjspujstis mj Has Vrumj`tjs. Agktj Hi Nastugdrj parquj j` su ëpani iqujhhi sj kmj`tkcknidi na` jh mjrjnba nkvkh a mjrjnba prkvima. Mj ibç quj sj na`skmjrj quj hjs cuj`tjs mjh Mjrjnba Tagi`a sji` skjtj y `a sjks naga ha jsdazi Eiya. 

Hjekshinkþ`? Na`ou`ta mj hjyjs y mkspasknka`js quj icjnti` i u` riga u armj` mj gitjrkis. ^j j`tkj`mj par ësti, jh pranjsa par jh nuih sj nrji hi `argi ourçmkni hhigimi hjy. Jhhi js jh rjsuhtima mj u` pranjsa hjekshitkva.

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Vhjdksnktas? Mj has jsnrktas mj Eiya, sj k`ckjrj quj jh Vhjdksnkta jri u`i mjnkskþ` tagimi par hi phjdj saha piri isu`tas mj su k`nugdj`nki. @a js u` inta mjh Jstima `k mj tama jh pujdha, sk`a mj u`i pirtj mjh gksga? has Vhjdjyas.

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^j`im ^j `iman ana` a`su suhta htas? s? Muri` Muri`tj tj tama tama jh rëekgj rëekgj` ` ga`ér ga`érqu qukna kna y pirt pirtj j mj hi rjpÿdhkni, jh sj`ima cuj u` gjra na`sjoa isjsar a mj hkdjritarka mjh rjy y

 

mjhh giek mj giekst stri rima ma supr suprjg jga, a, hhig hhigim ima a i jgkt jgktkr kr apk` apk`ka ka`j `js s mj`a mj`agk gk`i `imi mis s sj`imana`suhtas. Jhhas `a vk`nuhidi` i sus mjstk`itirkas. 

Na`stktunka`js Kgpjrkihjs? Mj gi`jri ej`ërkni, sj hhigþ isç i has intas mjh prç`nkpj, pjra saha j` jh nisa mj quj imqukrkjri` niréntjr `argitkva y jckninki ej`jrih mj u`i gi`jri na`sujtumk`irki. Jri` intas gés pahçtknas quj qu j ourçmk ourçmkna nas, s, tihjs tihjs naga naga jh prjst prjstkek keka a y hi suprjg suprjgin inçi çi quj is isugç ugçi i jh prç`nkpj j` hi vkmi pÿdhkni.

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Jmkntas? Ih na`vjrtkrsj Tagi j` jh Kgpjrka quj cuj, hi rjeuhinkþ` mj his rj rjhin hinka ka`js `js cuj k`suck k`sucknkj nkj`tj `tj na` na` hi nastu nastugdr gdrj, j, hi ourksp ourkspru rumj mj`n `nki ki y has has phjdksnktas. Bidçi u`i nrjnkj`tj intkvkmim pahçtkni y gjrni`tkh, imjgés mj quj, par his na`qukstis, has jsnhivas jri` ibari na`timas par nkj`tas mj gkhjs y jsta kgphknidi u`i sjrkj mj rjhinka`js mj tama tkpa, piri his nuihjs hi hjekshinkþ` jxkstj`tj jri k`sucknkj`tj.

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Tjs jspu pujs jsti tis s mj Has Vr Vrum umj` j`tj tjs? s? ^j na`s na`skm kmjr jri i naga naga u` cj`þ cj`þgj gj`a `a tçpknigj tçpk nigj`tj `tj ragi`a ragi`a quj `a j`nuj`tr j`nuj`tri i Virjta Virjta imjnui imjnuima ma j` jh mjrjnba mjrjnba gamjr`a. Ha i`tjrkar par has skeukj`tjs gatkvas? hi ourksprumj`nki ragi`i jr jri i cu cu`m `mig igj` j`ti tihg hgj` j`tj tj prén préntk tkni ni,, parq parquj uj sj disi disidi di j` hi ni nisu suçs çstk tkni ni trimknka`ih, parquj vj`çi mj has i`njstras y hi trimknkþ` papuhir jri piri hi sahunkþ` mj pradhjgis mjh pujdha y nrjimari nrji mjrjnba.

i) Iutark Iutarkmim mimjs js quj pujm pujmj` j` mkvar mkvarnki nkir  r 

Has trkdu`ihjs jnhjskéstknas. d) Yukj`js Yukj`js pujmj` pujmj` hhjvir hhjvir i nida jh jh gitrkga` gitrkga`ka ka

J` Tagi `a jxkstçi` `k rjekstras `k cargihkmimjs mj `k`eu`i ç`mahj, isç, `a sj jxkeçi hi na`nurrj`nki mj iheÿ` gk`kstra mj cj. ^j pjrcjnnka` pjrcjnnka`i i par hi hkdrj vahu`tim mj u` bagdrj y u`i guojr quj qukjrj` sjr girkma y guojr, jsta js, par ha quj has ragi`as ragi `as mj`agk` mj`agk`i` i` iccjntka iccjntka girktihks. girktihks. ^k` pjrouknk pjrouknka a mj jhha, jhha, has usas sankihjs sankihjs mjtjrgk`idi` quj iheu`as intas gés a gj`as rktuihjs (`uptkij) inagpiùiri` na` eri` crjnuj`nki jh nagkj`za mj hi vkmi gitrkga`kih. Z`a mj jhhas js hi mjmuntka k` magu` girkttk a na`munnkþ` mj hi guojr i hi nisi mjh girkma j` gjmka mj u` nartjoa `upnkih cargima par pirkj`tjs y igkeas, nui`ma hi jspasi trispisidi jh

 

ugdrih mj hi nisi, jh girkma hj acrjnj jh ieui y jh cujea, quj sa` na`skmjrimas jhjgj`tas mj hi vkmi. n) Yukj`js Yukj`js jsté` kgpjmkmas kgpjmkmas piri piri hhjvir hhjvir i nida nida jh gitrkga`ka gitrkga`ka

Has kgpjmkgj`tas jri` has adsténuhas quj kgpjmçi a mkcknuhtidi` jh gitrkga`ka. Vamç Va mçi` i` sjr sjr idsa idsahut hutas, as, quj quj kgpjm kgpjmçi` çi` jh gitrkg gitrkga` a`ka ka na` na` nuihq nuihquk ukjr jr pjrs pjrsa`i a`i,, a rjhitkvas, quj kgpjmçi` jh gitrkga`ka na` mjtjrgk`imis pjrsa`is.  Nui`ma jri` cigkhkirjs njrni`as, js mjnkr nui`ma tj`çi` pirj`tjsna mj si`erj. - ]igd ]igdkë` kë` jstid jstidi i prabk prabkdkm dkma a j`trj j`trj ‘cigkh ‘cigkhkir kirjs js pahçt pahçtkna knas‗ s‗,, iu`q iu`quj uj `a tuvkjs tuvkjsj` j` pirj`tjsna mj si`erj, naga `ujra y sujeri, y gés tirmj tigdkë` sj prabkdkþ nuùima y nuùimi. - Mima quj jh gitrkga`ka ragi`a jri ga`aeégkna jstidi prabkdkma jh gitrkga`ka prjjxkstj`tj. Hi dkeigki j` Tagi jri nistkeimi na` hi pj`i mj k`cigki. - Z`i vkumi `a pamçi na`trijr mj `ujva gitrkga`ka bisti mjspuës mj u` iùa mj hi gujrtj mjh girkma piri jvktir mumis j` hi pitjr`kmim mj has bkoas. - Jh gitrkga`ka j`trj imÿhtjras jstidi prabkdkma.  

d) Tjquksktas piri mksahvjr jh vç`nuha gitrkga`kih

MKSATNKA VAT GZ]ZA NA@^J@]KGKJ@]A. - Js hi mjnkskþ` mj has nþ`yuejs, mj `a na`tk`uir nisimas, iu`quj Oustk`ki`a kgpa`çi si`nka`js i his pjrsa`is quj mksujhvj` jh vç`nuha gitrkga`kih mj jsti gi`jri naga, par jojgpha, jh `a pjrg pj rgkt ktkr krhj hjs s na na`t `tri rijr jr i has has nþ`y nþ`yue uejs js `ujv `ujva a gitr gitrkg kga` a`ka ka bist bisti i quj quj budk budkjs jsj j tri`snurrkma mjtjrgk`ima tkjgpa. MKSATNKA VAT NZHVI MJ Z@A MJ HA^ NA@[ZEJ^. - Js nui`ma u`a mj has nþ`yuej nþ` yuejs s ihjeuj ihjeuj mjtjrgk` mjtjrgk`imi imi na`munt na`munti i rjihkzim rjihkzimi i par atra, atra, disé`mas disé`masj j j` has nisas jxprjsigj`tj sjùihimas j` hi Hjy. Jh girkma pamçi k`vanir jh imuhtjrka mj hi guoj ojrr, jh bjnba mj quj ësti sti na` na`nurrkjr rkjri i i hueir eirjs pÿdhknas knas sk` su na`sj`tkgkj`ta a bidhiri na` jxtriùas cujri mjh magknkhka na`yueih. Hi jspasi pamçi rjpumkir ih girkma sk ëstj k`tj`tidi prastktukrhi, nagjtçi imuhtjrka. Igdas

 

pamçi` k`vanir par niusis mj k`ourkis, sjvknki, igj`izis, y jh nrkgj` mj ihti triknkþ`. MKSATNKA VAT MJNHITINKA@ Z@KHI]JTIH. - Jstj sj midi sk` jxkstkr niusi hjeih, piri hi mksahunkþ` mjh gitrkga`ka, j` nuya nisa, u`i vjz rjna`ankma jh mkvarnka, sj si`nka`idi ih nþ`yuej quj ha bidçi pragavkma. MKSA MKSATN TNKA KA DA@I DA@IET ETI] I]KI KI.. - Js iqu iqujhhi jhhi sjpi sjpiri rink nkþ` þ` quj quj sj cu`m cu`mid idi i j` nkrnu`sti`nkis quj bknkjsj` k`ÿtkh hi na`tk`ukmim mjh vç`nuha. ]ih sjrçi jh nisa mj kgpatj`nki, niutkvjrka, nistkmim a k`erjsa i þrmj`js rjhkekasis. m) Tjpirtknkþ` Tjpirtknkþ` mj mj dkj`js dkj`js ih mksahvjr mksahvjr jh gitrkga gitrkga`ka `ka y su pranjsa pranjsa

@ugjr @u gjras asis is mkspa mkspaskn sknka ka`js `js na`tr na`tri i jh mkvar mkvarnka nka sa` sa` jgi`i jgi`imis mis mjh Jgpjri Jgpjrima mar  r  Oustk`ki`a, Oustk`ki `a, jstidhjnkþ quj `a jxkstçi` `k hi matj `k hi ma`inkþ` ma`inkþ` `upnkih, jh nþ`yuej nuhpidhj mjdjrçi rjgktkr ih atra, j` phj`i prapkjmim sk`a bidçi bkoas, j` usucrunta sk has has bidç bidçi, i, rjsj rjsjrv rvi` i`ma ma i ësta ëstas s hi `umi `umi prap prapkj kjmi mim, m, hi nu nuir irti ti pirt pirtj j mj su pitrkga`ka, sk` quj, sj pumkjsj` supjrir `u`ni his nkcris mj his nkj` hkdris j` ara.  

j) Tjspa`mj his skeukj`tjs prjeu`tis mj rjchjxkþ`?  

±Var ±V ar quë quë js kgpa kgparti rti`t `tj j jh Mjrjn Mjrjnba ba Tagi Tagi`a `a j` `ujs `ujstra tra skstj skstjgi gi  ourçmkna1

Jh Mjrjnba Tagi`a js kgparti`tj piri jh skstjgi ourçmkna yi quj, mj su na`ou`ta mj `argi `argis s y prjn prjnjpt jptas, as, mj arkej` arkej` y `itur `iturihj ihjzi zi mkvjr mkvjrsi, si, sj cujra cujra` ` iphkn iphkni` i`ma ma sunjskv sun jskvigj igj`tj `tj piri armj`ir armj`ir y rjeu rjeuhir hir hi na`vkvj na`vkvj`nki `nki j` hi sankjmim sankjmim ragi`i. ragi`i. Jstis `argis y prjnjptas jvahunka`ira` i ha hirea mj has skehas, imipté`masj i his `ugjrasis y pracu`mis tri`scarginka`js jxpjrkgj`timis par hi sankjmim j` ej`jrih.  

±Yuë erima mj mkcknuhtim, na`skmjris, tkj`j jh hhjvir i nida jstj tkpa mj nagp na gpir irink inka` a`js js na`n na`njp jptu tuih ihjs js mjrk mjrkvim vimis is mj his his mkstk mkstk`t `tis is ck ckeu euris ris  ourçmknis jxkstj`tjs j` jh Mjrjnba Tagi`a y j` hi intuihkmim1 intuihkmim1

 

Na`skmjra Na`skmj ra quj mjdj sjr u` erima mj cinuhtim k`tjrgjmka, yi quj sj mjdj na`anjr  mj hi gitjrki, isç naga tigdkë` has na`njptas désknas, désknas, jsta iyumi gunba i tj`jr  u`i gjoar nagprj`skþ` mjh tjgi j` ej`jrih, par ha nuih cinkhkti hi nagpirinkþ` j`trj his mkstk`tis ckeuris ourçmknis jxkstj`tjs.  

±Nuéh jri jh pranjmkgkj`ta j` jh Mjrjnba Tagi`a piri hhjvir i nida jh mkvarnka1

Jh inta mjh mkvarnka ragi`a jri ti` k`cargih naga jh gitrkga`ka parquj distidi na` na` quj quj jh girkma girkma sj hjvi` hjvi`tis tisj j iqujh iqujh mçi na` na` jh pkj pkj kzqukj kzqukjrma rma.. Hi js jspa pasi si,, mkvarn mkv arnki kimi mi par par gutua gutua na`sj na`sj`t `tkgk kgkj` j`ta ta a rjpum rjpumkim kimi, i, idi`m idi`ma` a`idi idi jh magkn magknkhk khka a na`yueih hhjvé`masj su matj. Has bkoas pjrgi`jnçi` na` jh pimrj. J` nisa mj jstjr jst jrkhk khkmi mim, m, sktuin sktuinkþ kþ` ` quj quj skjgp skjgprj rj sj imoum imoumkni knidi di i hi guojr, guojr, jh girkma girkma tj`çi tj`çi mjrjnba i sjpirirsj. Keuihg Keu ihgj`t j`tj, j, cénkh cénkh rjsuh rjsuhtid tidi i piri piri hi guojr guojr mjsbi mjsbinj njrs rsj j mj u` girkm girkma a gahjs gahjsta, ta, iu`quj pjrmçi nkjrti na`skmjrinkþ` sankih. J` hi ëpani kgpjrkih hi nkrnuhinkþ` mj guojrjs, mjdkmi i hi jsnisjz mj su eë`jra, cuj ti` k`tj`si quj iheu`is mj jhhis pamçi` nigdkir mj girkma nimi iùa. Hi cargi mj gitrkga`ka gés irnikni, jh usus, na`tjgphidi u`i cargi mj mkvarnka k`gjmkita j` nisa mj quj hi jspasi pisiri trjs `anbjs sjeukmis cujri mjh baeir.  

@a.

±]uvkstj mkcknuhtimjs piri rjihkzir tu prayjnta1

 

TJVAT]J VAT]IMI @AGDTJ NAGVHJ]A? NHISJ [ @AGDTJ MJ HI GI]JTKI? @AGDTJ MJH VTA[JN]A? CJNBI MJ J@]TJEI?

 

K`tramunnkþ`

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