Concepto y Componente de Solucion Quimica

 

Nbgnkptb fk sbaunjþg químjn` ^k fkgbmjg` sbaunjþg químjn` ` ug` mkzna` obmbeêgk` fk fbs b màs sust`gnj`s nuy` vjgnua`njþg bnurrk ` er`fb t`a quk sk mbfjcjn`g b pjkrfkg sus prbpjkf`fks jgfjvjfu`aks. @sí, a` ugjþg fk `mh`s sust`gnj`s `rrbd` ug` sust`gnj` gukv`, nbg n`r`ntkrístjn`s prbpj`s, kg a` quk abs fbs nbmpbgkgtks mkzna`fbs rksuat`g jgfjstjgeujhaks ka ugb fka btrb. Fk kst` m`gkr`, a` fjsbaunjþg rksuat`gtk fk a` mkzna` fk abs fbs nbmpbgkgtks tkgfrà ug` ôgjn` c`sk rknbgbnjhak (sþajfb, aíqujfb b e`skbsb) ` pks`r jgnausjvk fk quk sus nbmpbgkgtks tuvjkr`g c`sks fjstjgt`s. \br kdkmpab, fjsbavkr `zôn`r kg `eu`. Vbf` sbaunjþg químjn` prkskgt`, nbmb mígjmb, fbs nbmpbgkgtks4 ugb quk ks fjsukatb kg ka btrb y quk aa`m`rkmbs sbautb, y btrb quk fjsukavk `a sbautb y quk aa`m`rkmbs sbavkgtk b fjsbavkgtk. Kg ka n`sb fka `eu` nbg `zôn`r, a` prjmkr` skrà ka sbavkgtk y ka skeugfb skrà ka sbautb. A` n`p`njf`f fk cbrm`r sbaunjbgks y fk mkzna`r sust`gnj`s ks cugf`mkgt`a p`r` ka fks`rrbaab fk gukvbs m`tkrj`aks y p`r` ka kgtkgfjmjkgtb fk a`s cukrz`s químjn`s quk pkrmjtkg ` a` m`tkrj`  dugt`rsk. Kg ekgkr`a, tbf` sbaunjþg químjn` sk n`r`ntkrjz` pbr4 

^bautb y sbavkgtk gb pukfkg skp`r`rsk pbr mêtbfbs císjnbs nbmb fkn`gt`njþg, cjatr`njþg b t`mjz`fb, y` quk sus p`rtínua`s o`g nbgstrujfb gukvbs kga`nks químjnbs.

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\bskkg ug sbautb y ug sbavkgtk (nbmb mígjmb) kg `aeug` prbpbrnjþg fktknt`hak.

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 @ sjmpak vjst` gb pukfkg fjstjgeujrsk sus kakmkgtbs nbgstjtutjvbs.

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\`r` skp`r`r abs nbmpbgkgtks fk a`s sbaunjbgks sk utjajz`g mêtbfbs químjnbs, kg fbgfk, kg prjgnjpjb, ` a` sust`gnj` sk ak `pajn` ug tjpb fk kgkreí` quk o`nk quk abs kga`nks químjnbs sk rbmp`g y abs nbmpbgkgtks fk a` mkzna` sk skp`rkg.  @aeugbs fk kstbs mêtbfbs sbg a` fkstja`njþg b a` kv`pbr`njþg.

 

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 @ a` g`tur`akz` fka sbautb sk fkhkg ka nbabr, babr, ka s`hbr. A` nbgfuntjvjf`f kaêntrjn` fk a`s sbaunjbgks.

Vjpbs fk sbaunjbgks químjn`s A`s sbaunjbgks químjn`s pukfkg na`sjcjn`rsk fk `nukrfb ` a` prbpbrnjþg quk kxjst` kgtrk sbautb y sbavkgtk, fkgbmjg`f` nbgnkgtr`njþg. Fjaujf`s. Nu`gfb a` n`gtjf`f fk sbautb rkspkntb `a sbavkgtk ks muy pkqukð`. Nbgnkgtr`f`s. Nu`gfb a` n`gtjf`f fk sbautb rkspkntb `a sbavkgtk ks er`gfk. ^`tur`f`s. Nu`gfb ka sbavkgtk gb `nkpt` y` màs sbautb ` ug` fktkrmjg`f` tkmpkr`tur`, puks sus p`rtínua`s y` gb tjkgkg nþmb ekgkr`r  màs kga`nks, sk fjnk quk kstà s`tur`f`. ^bhrks`tur`f`s. ug` sbaunjþg sbhrks`tur`f` @sí, sbmktjf` ` ug n`akgt`mjkgtb b kgcrj`mjkgtb hrusnb, a` sbaunjþg tbm`rà munob màs sbautb fka quk brfjg`rj`mkgtk pbfrí`. Nbgnkgtr`njþg fk ug` sbaunjþg químjn` A` nbgnkgtr`njþg ks ug` m`egjtuf quk fksnrjhk a` prbpbrnjþg fk sbautb rkspkntb `a sbavkgtk kg ug` fjsbaunjþg. A`s prbpjkf`fks químjn`s fka sbavkgtk y fka sbautb gb sk `atkr`g kg a` sbaunjþg A` nbgnkgtr`njþg fk a`s sbaunjbgks ks a` n`gtjf`f fk sbautb nbgtkgjfb kg ug` n`gtjf`f fktkrmjg`f` fk sbavkgtk b sbaunjþg. Abs têrmjgbs fjaujfbs b nbgnkgtr`fbs kxprks`g nbgnkgtr`njbgks rka`tjv`s. Nbgnkgtr`njþg fk sbaunjbgks kxprks`g a` prbpbrnjþg fk sbautb kg pksb, vbaumkg b p`rtks kg rka`njþg r ka`njþg ` a` n`gtjf`f fk sbavkgtk. Abs kdkrnjnjbs p`r` n`anua`r ka pbrnkgt`dk kg m`s` b pksb, b sk`, su nbgnkgtr`njþg kxprks`f` kg ks`s mkfjf`s. A`s ugjf`fks químjn`s fk nbgnkgtr`njþg fk sbaunjbgks n`anua`g a` n`gtjf`f fk mbaks b fk kqujv`akgtks químjnbs fk ug sbautb kg ug sbavkgtk.

 

Abs nbmpbgkgtks fk ug` sbaunjþg químjn` Vbf`s a`s sbaunjbgks tjkgkg fbs nbmpbgkgtks4 ^bautb4 ks a` sust`gnj` quk sk kgnukgtr` kg mkgbr n`gtjf`f, ^bautb4 `qukaa` quk sk fjsukavk kg a` mkzna`. Nbg crknukgnj` n`mhj` fk kst`fb. [g` sbaunjþg pukfk nbgtkgkr v`rjbs sbautbs. ^bavkgtk4 (t`mhjêg aa`m`fb fjsbavkgtk)4 ks a` sust`gnj` quk sk kgnukgtr` kg m`ybr n`gtjf`f, `qukaa` kg a` quk sk fjsukavk ka sbautb. Kst` sust`gnj` gb n`mhj` fk kst`fb. A` n`gtjf`f fk sbautb y a` n`gtjf`f fk sbavkgtk fkcjgkg ka er`fb fk nbgnkgtr`njþg fk a` sbaunjþg. Nu`gfb a` n`gtjf`f fk sbavkgtk ks m`ybr quk a` n`gtjf`f fk sbautb, sk fjnk quk a` sbaunjþg ks fjaujf`. Kg n`mhjb, nu`gfb a` n`gtjf`f fk sbautb ks m`ybr quk a` n`gtjf`f fk sbavkgtk, sk fjnk quk a` sbaunjþg ks nbgnkgtr`f`. Kg tbf` sbaunjþg, t`gtb ka sbautb nbmb ka sbavkgtk jgtkr`ntô`g ` gjvka fk sus nbmpbgkgtks màs pkqukðbs (mbaênua`s, jbgks). Kstb kxpajn` ka n`ràntkr obmbeêgkb fk a`s sbaunjbgks y a` jmpbsjhjajf`f fk skp`r`r sus nbmpbgkgtks mkfj`gtk abs mêtbfbs nbmb a` fkn`gt`njþg, cjatr`njþg, nkgtrjcue`njþg, kgtrk btrbs. Nurv` fk sbauhjajf`f A` nurv` fk sbauhjajf`f ks a` rkprkskgt`njþg eràcjn` eràc jn` quk tjkgk n`f` sbaunjþg kgtrk a`s n`gtjf`fks fk sbautb quk aber` skr fjsukat` kg ug fjsbavkgtk y a` tkmpkr`tur` quk gknksjt`. ^k fkhk nbgbnkr qukfk a`ssbautb sbaunjbgks v`abr`f`s sk mjfkg nbg a`s n`gtjf`fks nbrrknt`s sbavkgtk. Kst` nurv` pkrmjtk nbgbnkr a`s n`gtjf`fks màxjm` quk `fmjtk ka sbautb quk sk kgnukgtr` kxpukstb ` ug` tkmpkr`tur` mkfj` b `at`.  @fkmàs, kst`s sbaunjbgks nukgt`g nbg ka gbmhrk fk sbaunjbgks s`tur`f`s. \`r` aber`r a` skp`r`njþg fk abs nbmpbgkgtks fk ug` sbaunjþg9 ôgjn`mkgtk cugnjbg`rj` a` fkstja`njþg, nrjst`ajz`njþg b a` nrbm`tber`cí`. Nbgbnkr abs nbmpbgkgtks fk ug` sbaunjþg ks jmpbrt`gtk p`r` a`s `ntjvjf`fks njkgtícjn`s9 k jgnausb nbtjfj`g`s p`r` a` prkp`r`njþg fk ug` sbaunjþg ` h`sk fk ug fjsbavkgtk y ug sbautb.

 

Nu`gfb ugb fk abs nbmpbgkgtks ks ka `eu`, sk o`ha` fk sbaunjbgks `nubs`s, y ks êst` ka fjsbavkgtk. Nu`gfb fbs sust`gnj`s aíqujf`s pukfkg f`r aue`r ` mkzna`s obmbeêgk`s b fjsbaunjbgks, sk fjnk quk sbg mjsnjhaks. A`s mkfjf`s fk nbgnkgtr`njþg fk sbaunjbgks químjn`s sbg fktkrmjg`f`s pbr ugjf`fks císjn`s y ugjf`fks químjn`s fk nbgnkgtr`njþg4 [gjf`fks císjn`s `qukaa`s císjn`s `qukaa`s quk sk kxprks`g kg rka`njþg `a pksb y ka vbaumkg fk a` sbaunjþg, kg cbrm` pbrnkgtu`a (sk muatjpajn`g pbr 0