Concepto de Neuroliderazgo y Algo Mas

 

-AhbalpthYljktfr S Lg blurhcfriltkb`  ls   ls ubf jksakpgkbf fvfbzfjf, qul tklbl ahch eubakñb kbvlstk`fr y lstujkfr prhalshs alrlnrfgls qul dfalb jl ubf cfblrf agfrf gf ahbjuatf y thcf jl jlakskhbls jl gfs plrshbfs lb ghs afcphs jl faakñb jl cfriltkb` trfjkakhbfg (kbtlgk`lbakf jl clrafjh, jkslöh jl prhjuaths y slrvkakhs, ahcubkafakhbls, prlakhs, nrfbjkb` , phskakhbfcklbth, tfr`ltkb` , afbfgls y vlbtfs). Jl lstf cfblrf sl ahcprlbjlb ghs prhalshs jl thcf jl jlakskñb jlg phskngl ahbsuckjhr. Ql ahbskstl lb dfalr gfs prl`ubtfs lslbakfgls pfrf gh`rfr ub `rfb lelath jlbtrh jl ghs phskngls agklbtls y jl lsf cfblrf arlfr afcpföfs jl cfriltkb` , pungkakjfj y ahcubkafakñb, lb jkvlrshs slathrls, qul fuclbtfb lg phralbtfml jl ëxkth lb gf ahclrakfgkzfakñb jl ghs prhjuaths.  Fbtl lstfs phtlbakfgkjfjls thjf lcprlsf jl blurhcfriltkb` jlnl jl ahbtfr ahb lsplakfgkstfs l kbvlstk`fjhrls lb blurhaklbakf fsã ahch lsplakfgkstfs lb cfriltkb`, jl lstf ehrcf sl puljl ahbsl`ukr ubf fpgkafakñb rlfg. [f qul gf prhnfnkgkjfj jl jkslöfr ub nulb lstujkh vf jl gf cfbh ahb gf prhelskhbfgkjfj jlg lqukph qul gh jlsfrrhggl. Bh ls suekaklbtl ahb qul ahbhzafb gfs tëabkafs jl rl`kstrh y tlb`fb ubfs nulbfs nfsls jl blurhfbfthcãf. Zfcnkëb ls blalsfrkh ahbtfr ahb prhelskhbfgls qul tlb`fb ehrcfakñb rk`urhsf lb cëthjhs y tëabkafs jl kbvlstk`fakñb, jkslöh lxplrkclbtfg y fbægksks jl jfths. _hr lggh bh sl trftf jl tlblr aklrtfs tlabhgh`ãf y ahghafr ghs slbshrls, phblr lg prhjuath jlgfbtl jlg ahbsuckjhr y lsplrfr f vlr quë pfsf, sl dfb jl aucpgkr ghs rlqukskths jl gf Jlagfrfakñb jl Dlgskbik pfrf gf kbvlstk`fakñb nkhcëjkaf, trfnfmfr ahb jfths lstfjãstkahs, kcpglclbtfr fg`hrktchs y fpgkafr gfs ahbaguskhbls f gf rlfgkjfj lcprlsfrkfg, aucpgklbjh tklcphs y hnmltkvhs. Ghs vlrjfjlrhs aklbtãekahs trfnfmfb ahb dkpñtlsks qul phblb f prulnf, y pfrf lgfnhrfr dkpñtlsks jl kbtlrës dfy qul tlblr agfrh quë fsplaths jlg prhjuath sl quklrlb lvfgufr. Lsth vf f plrcktkr jkslöfr sktufakhbls lb gfs qul ghs ahbsuckjhrls kbtlrfaakhblb ahb lg prhjuath jl ehrcf qul sl puljf hntlblr kbehrcfakñb rlglvfbtl y ahbaguylbtl, cfxkckzfbjh gf phtlbakf jl ghs jfths. Gf fpgkafakñb jl tëabhgh`ãfs qul kcprlskhbfb lb hafskhbls lstæb afrlbtls jl slbtkjh, bh sl puljlb ahcnkbfr cëthjhs jkstkbths jl ehrcf frnktrfrkf y ls kcphrtfbtl sfnlr gh qul sl lstæ ckjklbjh y jl jñbjl prhvklbl lsf kbehrcfakñb. Qk phr lmlcpgh sl skbarhbkzf ub rl`kstrh jl eC^K (rlshbfbakf cf`bëtkaf eubakhbfg) ahb gf vksufgkzfakñb jl ub spht pungkaktfrkh. Ghs ãbjkals jl fatkvfakñb qul lstfchs hnslrvfbjh tklblb ub hrk`lb cltfnñgkah y/h dlchjkbæckah. Ls jlakr, jlplbjlb jlg ahbsuch jl lblr`ãf jl gfs aëgugfs blrvkhsfs y jl afcnkhs lb gf fegulbakf jl sfb`rl f gfs jkstkbtfs ærlfs alrlnrfgls. Lsths elbñclbhs bh haurrlb jl ehrcf kbstfbtæblf bh phjlchs sfnlr f aklbakf aklrtf quë chclbth jl gf vksufgkzfakñb ahkbakjl ahb afjf afcnkh jl gf fatkvkjfj alrlnrfg, pulsth qul lsths afcnkhs haurrlb f ubf vlghakjfj cuadh cæs glbtf qul gf sualskñb jl kcæ`lbls lb gf pfbtfggf.

 

Blurhaklbtãekahs ahch Fbthbkh Jfcfskh dfb  dfb kbvlstk`fjh lb gfs ýgtkcfs jëafjfs lg pfplg ahch Fbthbkh Jfcfskh eubjfclbtfg qul gfs lchakhbls y ghs clafbkschs kbahbsaklbtls jlg alrlnrh mul`fb lb gf thcf jl jlakskhbls. Qkb lcnfr`h, gf cfyhr pfrtl jl gf kbvlstk`fakñb ahbvlbakhbfg sk`ul nfsæbjhsl lb gh qul ghs lbtrlvkstfjhs jkalb qul dfalb, jkalb qul pklbsfb h jkalb qul sklbtlb. Lg blurhcfriltkb` prltlbjl suplrfr lsf gkcktfakñb. Lxkstlb vfrkfs ahbsugthrfs jljkafjfs fg æcnkth jlg blurhcfriltkb` lb jkstkbtfs pfrtls jlg cubjh, ahch Nrfkb Dhusl Kbstktutl, Blurhslbsl, BlurhEhaus, y dfb trfnfmfjh pfrf jkstkbtfs ahcpföãfs dfaklbjh lstujkhs. Ilvkb ^fbjfgg, jkrlathr jl lstrftl`kf jl cfraf l kbvlstk`fakñb lb Chvëh Kbtl`rftlj Cfriltkb`, jlekbl lg blurhcfriltkb` ahch ‗gf præatkaf jl usfr tlabhgh`ãf pfrf cljkr gf fatkvkjfj alrlnrfg lb ghs ahbsuckjhrls pfrf utkgkzfr lsf kbehrcfakñb lb lg jlsfrrhggh jl prhjuaths y ahcubkafakhbls–. Lg blurhcfriltkb` ls afpfz jl hntlblr jkrlatfclbtl rlspulstfs blurhekskhgñ`kafs jl ghs lbtrlvkstfjhs, skb qul cljkl ubf vlrnfgkzfakñb h lxprlskñb lsarktf, phr gh qul sl ahbvklrtl lb præatkafclbtl gf ýbkaf clthjhgh`ãf qul puljl hntlblr rlspulstfs ekfngls. Cuadfs hafskhbls lb lg prhalsh jl ubf kbvlstk`fakñb fg rlfgkzfr gfs lbtrlvkstfs cuadfs jl gf hafskhbls ghs lbtrlvkstfjhs rlsphbjlb gh qul arllb qul lg lbtrlvkstfjhr quklrl lsauadfr.6 Bh lxkstlb jkvlrshs tkphs jl Blurhcfriltkb`. Lg blurhcfriltkb` ls ub cftrkchbkh lbtrl blurhaklbakf y cfriltkb`, qul sl ahbvklrtl lb ubf dlrrfcklbtf ahcpglclbtfrkf y jkelrlbakfg. Lb lsths ýgtkchs tklcphs dfy qul jlsahbekfr jl lg tlckjh prlekmh blurh, sñgh ls blurh fqulggh qul df utkgkzfjh ubf tlabhgh`ãf jl cljkjf alrlnrfg plrkeërkaf h albtrfg. Ql phjrãf jlakr qul ls gf lvhguakñb aklbtãekaf jlg cfriltkb` slbshrkfg.

Dlrrfcklbtfs jlg blurhcfrilt blurhcfriltkb` kb`Yljktfr S Jlbtrh jl gfs phskngls dlrrfcklbtfs tlabhgñ`kafs lstæb gf ahbjuatfbakf lgëatrkaf jl gf pklg, gf lglatrhckh`rfeãf, gf tfsf afrjkfaf, gf fcpgktuj thræakaf, lg lglatrhafrjkh`rfcf, lg lglatrhlbalefgh`rfcf, lg lyl-trfaikb` h gf ^lshbfbakf Cf`bëtkaf Eubakhbfg, ls kcphrtfbtl jlstfafr qul bkb`ubf jl lstfs tlabhgh`ãfs jl ehrcf fksgfjf ahbsk`ul ghs bkvlgls ñptkchs jl rk`urhskjfj pfrf fphrtfr ahbaguskhbls agfrfs lb lg æcnkth lcprlsfrkfg. Lxkstlb htrfs qul bh lstæb fvfgfjfs phr gf ahcubkjfj aklbtãekaf ahch ls lg rlahbhakcklbth efakfg jl lchakhbls h fg`ubhs tkphs jl lglatrhlbalefgh`rfcfs, jlnkjh f su efgtf jl vfgkjfakñb h f rlspulstfs jksplrsfs qul bh shb agfrkekafjhrfs pfrf ubf lcprlsf, plm= gf ahbaguskñb jl qul ub prhjuath `lblrf "elgkakjfj", sklbjh lg ahbalpth jl elgkakjfj tfb fcnk`÷h. F su vlz sl utkgkzfb cëthjhs tfgls ahch gf pskahcltrãf.

 

_rl`ubtfs erlaulbtls ahbtlstfjfs phr lg blurhcfriltkb` Yljktfr S  Fg usfr lg cfriltkb` trfjkakhbfg, gfs prl`ubtfs cæs erlaulbtls qul ghs pungkakstfs shgãfb pgfbtlfrsl lrfb, ¸Vuë jlnlchs phblr lb lg ahbtlbkjh jl ub ahclrakfg pfrf tlblr ub cfyhr kcpfath jlbtrh jl gf fujklbakf8, ¸añch tlblchs qul prlslbtfr bulstrfs eulrzfs jl vlbtfs pfrf qul puljfb slr ahcpltktkvfs fbtl htrfs eulrzfs jl vlbtf8, ¸quë lstrftl`kfs phjlchs usfr lb aufbth fg prlakh jl bulstrhs prhjuaths h slrvkakhs8, ¸añch jlnlchs kbvlstk`fr f bulstrh clrafjh pfrf sfnlr gh qul rlfgclbtl sklbtlb, quklrlb y pklbsfb8, ¸añch phjlchs gh`rfr gf ekjlgkjfj jlg agklbtl dfakf bulstrf cfraf8, ¸auæbtfs vlals tlblchs qul rlpltkr bulstrf pungkakjfj y auægls shb ghs cljkhs cæs lelatkvhs8 Lstfs shb fg`ubfs jl gfs prl`ubtfs cæs ahbstfbtls qul puljlb dfalrsl jlbtrh jl ghs qul trfnfmfb ahb lg cfriltkb` jl gfs lcprlsfs.

Qlathrls jl fpgkafakñbYljktfr S - Fujkvksufg. - F`lbakfs jl Cfriltkb`. - ^ltfkg. - Kbjustrkfg.

Blurhcfriltkb`   Blurhcfriltkb`

 

Lg blurhcfriltkb` ahbskstl lb gf fpgkafakñb jl gfs tëabkafs jl kbvlstk`fakñb jl gfs blurhaklbakfs blurhaklbakfsf f gf kbvlstk`fakñb jl cfriltkb` trfjkakhbfg. F trfvës jl tëabkafs jl cljkakñb jl gf fatkvkjfj alrlnrfg (ahch lg L@@ h gf eC^K), gfs ‗rlspulstfs– jl ghs lbtrlvkstfjhs f jkstkbths lstãcughs (phr lmlcpgh, fbubakhs fbubakhs pungkaktfrkhs) shb glãjfs jkrlatfclbtl jl su fatkvkjfj alrlnrfg. Gfs blurhaklbakfs plrcktlb, phr lstl cëthjh, fvlrk`ufr qul bkvlgls jl ftlbakñb lstæ prlstfbjh ghs sumlths fbfgkzfjhs f ub fbubakh sl`ubjh phr sl`ubjh y pgfbh phr pgfbh. Jl lstl chjh sl puljlb thcfr jlakskhbls ahch phr lmlcpgh rltkrfr ub jltlrckbfjh pgfbh jlg fbubakh ekbfg h föfjkr ubf slaulbakf fjkakhbfg. Zfcnkëb puljlb cljkrsl htrhs cuadhs ahbalpths, ahbalpths, ahch gf fatkvfakñb jlg sumlth h su lstfjh lchakhbfg aufbjh fpfrlal lg prhjuath lb pfbtfggf. Ilvkb ^fbjfgg, ^fbjfgg, jkrlathr jl lstrftl`kf jl cfraf l kbvlstk`fakñb lb Chvëh Kbtl`rftlj Cfriltkb`,, jlekbl lg blurhcfriltkb` ahch Cfriltkb` blurhcfriltkb` ahch ‗gf præatkaf jl usfr tlabhgh`ãf pfrf cljkr gf fatkvkjfj alrlnrfg lb ghs ahbsuckjh ahbsuckjhrls rls pfrf utkgkzfr lsf kbehrcfakñb lb lg jlsfrrhggh jl prhjuaths y ahcubkafakhbls– ahcubkafakhbls– (lg tlxth hrk`kbfg= ‗tdl prfatkal he uskb` tladbhgh`y th clfsurl nrfkb fatkvkty kb ahbsuclr sunmlats kb hrjlr th kbehrc tdl jlvlghpclbt he prhjuats fbj ahccubkaftkhbs–).

Ghs lstujkhs rlfgkzfjhs dfstf lg chclbth dfb jlchstrfjh, lb `lblrfg, ubf nulbf ahrrlgfakñb lbtrl ghs rlsugtfjhs hntlbkjhs cljkfbtl tëabkafs jl kbvlstk`fakñb ahbvlbakhbfgls, ahch aulstkhbfrkh h ehaus `rhups `rhups, y ghs hntlbkjhs ahb lstfs bulvfs tëabkafs jl kbvlstk`fakñb . Bh hnstfbtl, aufbjh lg hnmlth jl gf kbvlstk`fakñb ls ub tlcf slbskngl qul puljl prhvhafr rlspulstfs efgsfs, lg blurhcfriltkb` ls afpfz jl hntlblr jkrlatfclbtl rlspulstfs rlspulstfs

blurhekskhgñ`kafs blurhekskhgñ `kafs jl ghs lbtrlvkstfjh lbtrlvkstfjhs, s, skb qul cljkl ubf vlrnfgkzfakñb h lxprlskñb lsarktf, phr gh qul sl ahbvklrtl lb præatkafclbtl gf ýbkaf clthjhgh`ãf qul puljl hntlblr rlspulstfs ekfngls. Jl cksch chjh, gfs tëabkafs blurhaklbtãekafs plrcktlb hntlblr kbehrcfakñb shnrlprhalshs clbtfgls jl ghs qul bh plraknkchs jl cfblrf ahbsaklbtl . Ql lstkcf qul lg 4??0

Nklbvlbkjh f ubf bulvf ahbalptufgkzfakñb jlg ahbalpth jl Gkjlrfz`h, lb ubf slrkl jl afpãtughs quklrh ahcpfrtkr ahbtk`h gf lslbakf jl ubf lvhguakñb prhvhafjf phr ghs `rfbjls jlsfeãhs jl lstl ckglbkh. Nklbvlbkjh fg BlurhGkjlrfz`h BlurhGkjlrfz`h y  y añch lg lstujkh jl gf clbtl y lg alrlnrh puljl fnrkrtl ub bulvh afcph jl phsknkgkjfjls  phsknkgkjfjls  y ub bulvh cubjh phr lxpghrfr lb tu afrrlrf jl ahbsl`ukr fvfbzfr lb tu afckbh ahch gãjlr.

¸Vuë puljls dfalr pfrf slr cæs lekafz lb gf thcf jl jlakskhbls, sk gf afbtkjfj jl jfths qul tklbls pfrf prhalsfr  tl suplrf8

¸Lxkstlb clmhrls tëabkafs pfrf slglaakhbfr y afpfaktfr f gfs plrshbfs8

 

¸Añch puljls slr cæs lekafz f gf dhrf jl kcpglclbtfr prhalshs jl afcnkh8

¸Añch `lblrfr lg ahcprhcksh jl tu `lbtl lb ghs prhylaths qul gglvfs f afnh lb tu hr`fbkzfakñb8

_uls nklb, thjfs lstfs prl`ubtfs tl gglvfb f plbsfr qul lb gf sktufakñb lb gf qul bhs lbahbtrfchs fdhrf cksch, gfs plrshbfs lbafr`fjfs jl gf thcf jl jlakskhbls  Lsth ls fsã sulglb lbahbtrfrsl sfturfjhs y fnrucfjhs. fnrucfjhs. Lsth jlnkjh f gf blalskjfj jl lstfr dfaklbjh ahbstfbtlclbtl glaturfs ræpkjfs shnrl ghs dladhs qul lstæb fahbtlaklbjh y fatufr ræpkjfclbtl lb ahbslaulbakf. Lb gf fatufgkjfj, gf jksakpgkbf jlg Cfbf`lclbt blalsktf bulvhs rlaurshs y bulvfs dlrrfcklbtfs pfrf phjlr ferhbtfr gf rlfgkjfj qul fatufgclbtl gf lcprlsf y lg cubjh lb su ahbmubth lstæb jlcfbjfbjh. jlcfbjfbjh. Lsths rlaurshs bh sl lbaulbtrfb feulrf, skbh lb lg kbtlrkhr, lb lg phtlbakfg alrlnrfg jl quklbls kbtl`rfb gfs hr`fbkzfakhbls= lg gãjlr y thjh su lqukph.

_hr ekb, y jk`h phr ekb, phrqul yh lb ck fatkvkjfj jl Cfbf`lclbt sklcprl dl kjh lb ahbtrf jl gf ahrrklbtl yf qul sklcprl dl lstfjh ahbvlbakjh jlg vfghr kbtrãbslah jl gfs plrshbfs y dl fphstfjh phr lggfs kbagush lb ëphafs jl rhtubjh prf`cftksch y rfakhbfgkschs ahb gf ggl`fjf jl ghs

 

cëthjhs y ghs prhaljkcklbths. _uls nklb, gf blalskjfj jl lberlbtfrbhs f lstl bulvh jlsfeãh pfsf phr ahbstrukr ub pulbtl lbtrl gf blurhgh`ãf, gf pskqukftrãf, gf pskahgh`ãf, gf nkhgh`ãf y phr supulsth, gfs fatkvkjfjls prhpkfs jl gf @lstkñb y fsã gh`rfr ahbjuakr f gfs hr`fbkzfakhbls dfakf lg euturh jlslfjh.

Jlg Gkjlrfz`h fg BlurhGkjlrfz`h Gf trfbskakñb dfakf fg BlurhGkjlrfz`h BlurhGkjlrfz`h ls  ls phskngl `rfakfs f gf kbahrphrfakñb jl gf Blurhaklbakf. Gf blurhaklbakf bhs ahbaljl gf phsknkgkjfj jl lstujkfr lb jltfggl y ahb jfths hnmltkvhs lg eubakhbfcklbth jl gfs plrshbfs.  ‑

Fbfgkzfr ghs clafbkschs eãskahs alrlnrfgls  alrlnrfgls  y

ahbsl`ukr lxpgkafakhbls f bulstrfs lglaakhbls lbtrl ubf jlakskñb y htrf, lbtrl phrquë lgl`kchs ub afckbh y bh htrh.  ‑

Ahb gf ggl`fjf jl ghs safbblrs chjlrbhs sl puljl

rl`kstrfr y lstujkfr gf fatkvkjfj alrlnrfg jl alrlnrfg jl gfs plrshbfs jurfbtl ub prhalsh jl thcf jl jlakskhbls pfrf qul puljf slr hptkckzfjh. Ahch vls, lg BlurhGkjlrfz`h BlurhGkjlrfz`h sl  sl trftf jl ubf jksakpgkbf qul lxpghrf ghs clafbkschs kbtlglatufgls y lchakhbfgls vkbaugfjhs f gf `lstkñb jl gfs hr`fbkzfakhbls y gfs

 

LgBlurhGkjlrfz`h bhs plrshbfs. LgBlurhGkjlrfz`h  bhs vf f fyujfr f jkslöfr tëabkafs qul bhs plrcktfb phtlbakfr gf afpfakjfj jl vkskñb jl vkskñb  jl ghs bl`hakhs cljkfbtl lg jlsfrrhggh jl gf kbtlgk`lbakf plrshbf y hr`fbkzfakhbfg. NLBLEKAKHQ  ‑

Qfnlr añch jlsfrrhggfr f gf `lbtl cæs

lekafzclbtl.. lekafzclbtl  ‑

Fuclbth jl jl lekafakf  lekafakf lb gf thcf jl jlakskhbls. jlakskhbls.

 ‑

Lgkckbfr lg rkls`h jl rkls`h jl lqukvhafrtl lb gf slglaakñb jl

plrshbfs fjlaufjfs. plrshbfs  fjlaufjfs.  ‑

Fuclbth jl gf afpfakjfj Arlftkvf lb Arlftkvf lb gf

hr`fbkzfakñb.  ‑

Gf phsknkgkjfj jl arlfr bulvhs prhjuaths y

slrvkakhs f slrvkakhs  f trfvës jl ubf bulvf jkclbskñb. jkclbskñb. Lb ub ahbtlxth ahch lg fatufg, bh tklbl slbtkjh qul bhs lsehralchs lb jlekbkr h prlpfrfr eñrcugfs h rlaltfs pfrf thcfr jlakskhbls sl`ýb vfyfb prlslbtæbjhsl ghs fahbtlakcklbths. ‗Aufbjh quklrfs fpubtfr, yf sl df kjh gf prlsf–.

 

Gh qul jlnlchs dfalr ls trfnfmfr pfrf tlblr lg ‗alrlnrh prlpfrfjh–, lsth ls, jlsfrrhggfr lg ‗lbtrfcfjh blurhbfg– blalsfrkh pfrf kbvlbtfr eñrcugfs plrcfblbtlclbtl, fbtl afjf afsh y afjf sktufakñb, yf qul lb lggh ahbskstl, prlaksfclbtl prlaksfclbt l gf thcf jl jlakskhbls lxkthsfs.

Blurh `lrlbakf y gf `lstkñb jl lcprlsfs LG LQZ\JKH JLG AL^LN^H Lb gfs ýgtkcfs jëafjfs lg fvfbal jl gf aklbakf df plrcktkjh cljkr gf fatkvkjfj jlg alrlnrh jl ubf cfblrf cuy jkstkbtf f ahch sl phjãf dfalr  lb lg pfsfjh. Ghs aklbtãek ahs hntklblb blurhkcæ`lbls, `rfakfs f gf lxkstlbakf jl cæqukbfs shek stkafjfs pfrf cfplfr gh qul sualjl jlbtrh jlg alrlnrh aufbjh gfs plrshbfs dfalb ub trfnfmh, thcfb jlakskhbls h skcpglclbtl fbfgkzfb ub prhnglcf. Lsths lstujkhs dfb plrcktkjh fnrkr bulvfs gãblfs jl kbvlstk`fakñb `lrlbakfg pfrf jltlrckbfr  phr lmlcpgh añch fatýf lg alrlnrh aufbjh ub lmlautkvh lstæ bl`hakfbjh, thcfbjh

 

ubf jlakskñb trfsalbjlbtfg, y lb htrhs æcnkths ahch aufbjh ub agklbtl sl jlnftl lb ubf jlakskñb jl fjqukrkr ub prhjuath u htrh, lb ek b ubf `fcf lbhrcl jl sktufakhbls jkstkbtfs lb lg æcnkth `lrlbakfg y jl bl`hakhs. AL^LN^H JL^LADH [ AL^LN^H K]V\KL^JH Jlsjl dfal cuadh tklcph yf sl sfnl qul lg alrlnrh lstæ jkvkjkjh lb jhs gñnughs, ubh jlrladh y lg htrh kzquklrjh, bh trfnfmfb jl ehrcf fksgfjh, skbh ahcpglclbtfrkf. Fubqul lg alrlnrh ls ubh shgh, ls ahcýb rlelrkrsl f ghs gñnughs ahch alrlnrh kzquklrjh y alrlnrh jlrladh. Lg alrlnrh kzquklrjh (ggfcfjh tfcnkëb alrlnrh rfakhbfg) tklbl qul vlr ahb prhalshs rfakhbfgls y gñ`kahs ahch lg glb`ufml, gfs cftlcætkafs, ls lg alrlnrh fbfgãtkah, prhalsf gf kbehrcfakñb jl ehrcf slaulbakfg y sl lbehaf lb lg jltfggl cæs qul lb lg thjh. Lg alrlnrh jlrladh (ggfcfjh

 

tfcnkëb alrlnrh lchakhbfg) tklbl qul vlr ahb gfs lchakhbls, gh lstëtkah, plraknl lg thjh cæs qul lg jltfggl, ls lg alrlnrh kbtuktkvh. Jlsjl dfal sk`ghs sl plbsñ qul lg dhcnrl jlnãf kcphblr  gf rfzñb shnrl gf lchakñb, yf qul gfs nulbfs jlakskhbls jl thcfb jlsjl ubf clbtl gñ`kaf y rfakhbfg, gf pfrtl lchakhbfg quljfnf pfrf ghs cýskahs, frtkstfs, pkbthrls y phltfs qul sk blalsktfnfb jlsfrrhggfr  prkbakpfgclbtl sus lchakhbls pfrf `lblrfr sus hnrfs frtãstkafs. Qk ustlj pklbsf fsã vfyf hgvkjæbjhgh. AHCH ZHCFB GHQ N\LBHQ @L^LBZLQ JLAKQKHBLQ

Lb ub cfrfvkgghsh frtãaugh qul gglvf phr tãtugh ‗Añch eubakhbf lg alrlnrh jl ghs clmhrls lmlautkvhs– pungkafjh phr lg plrkñjkah Zdl Pfgg Qtrllt Mhurbfg y lsarkth phr   Fbjrlw Ngfaicfb sl lxpgkaf

 

gf prlphbjlrfbakf jlg alrlnrh lchakhbfg lb gf thcf jl jlakskhbls jl ghs lmlautkvhs. ‗Zhjhs ahbhalb gf agæskaf kcf`lb jl quklb thcf jlakskhbls ahb gf afnlzf erãf, jlmf jl gfjh gh suplreg uh y sl albtrf lb ghs jfths jurhs y purhs. _lrh ghs kbvlstk`fjhrls lstæb jlsaunrklbjh qul gf vlrjfj ls cuadh cæs ahcpglmf= ghs clmhrls gãjlrls pfrlalb faujkr  cæs f sus lchakhbls qul f gf gñ`kaf–. Kbagush sl lstujkñ gh qul sualjl aufbjh lmlautkvhs thcfb jlakskhbls lstrftë`kafs, y pfrf lggh sl lsafblfrhb sus alrlnrhs cklbtrfs thcfnfb gfs jlakskhbls. ‗_rlvlãfb vlr cuadf fatkvkjfj lb gf zhbf jlg alrlnrh ahbhakjf phr su pfrtkakpfakñb lb pgfbkek afakñb y rfzhbfcklbths gñ`kahs. Dfnãf fatkvkjfj fggã plrh jhckbfnfb gfs ærlfs kbvhguarfjfs lb lg plbsfcklbth shakfg y lchtkvh. [

 

ghs clmhrls plbsfjhrls lstrftë`kahs chstrfrhb bkvlgls cuadh cæs fgths jl fatkvkjfj lb lsfs zhbfs–. ‗Gf phskngl ahbaguskñb ls qul gfs plrshbfs qul shb nulbfs lb lstrftl`kfs shb clmhrls f gf dhrf jl afgknrfr lg kcpfath lchakhbfg lb gu`fr jl jlplbjlr  lxaguskvfclbtl jl gf gñ`kaf y gf rfakhbfgkjfj–, f lsth ggl`ñ gf kbvlstk`fakñb jlg BlurhGlfjlrsdkp Kbstktutl. AHCH JLQF^^HGGF^ LG AL^LN^H LCHAKHBFG Lg jlsfrrhggh jlg alrlnrh lchakhbfg tklbl cuadh qul vlr  ahb phtlbakfr gf kbtlgk`lbakf lchakhbfg y gfs lchakhbls y slbtkcklbths phsktkvhs. Vuklb clmhr qul bh ghs jk`f qul Jfbklg @hglcfb ahbskjlrfjh phr cuadhs lg pfjrl jl gf kbtlgk`lbakf lchakhbfg, gf lxpgkaf cuy agfrfclbtl ‗Gf Kbtlgk`lbakf Lchakhbfg plrcktl thcfr ahbaklbakf jl bulstrfs prhpkfs lchakhbls,

 

ahcprlbjlr ghs slbtkcklbths jl ghs jlcæs, thglrfr gfs prlskhbls y erustrfakhbls qul sl shphrtfb lb lg trfnfmh9 fsã ahch, falbtufr gf afpfakjfj jl trfnfmfr lb lqukph, y fjhptfr  ubf fatktuj lcpætkaf y shakfg, qul nrkbjfræ cæs phsknkgkjfjls jl jlsfrrhggh shakfg–. [ sk thcfchs jlakskhbls kbeg ulbakfjhs eulrtlclbtl phr  lg alrlnrh lchakhbfg, lbthbals ghs gãjlrls tklblb qul jlsfrrhggfr ub jksaursh lchakhbfg, qul slræ tlcf pfrf ub prñxkch frtãaugh

¸Auægls shb ghs vfghrls y gf ckskñb qul plrsk`ul gf jlbhckbfjf Lcprlsf 1.?8 Gf lcprlsf 1.? nusaf gf shstlbknkgkjfj lbtlbjkjf lstf jl ubf ehrcf dhgãstkaf9 ls jlakr, bh sñgh jlsjl lg pubth jl vkstf cljkhfcnklbtfg skbh tfcnkëb jlsjl lg shakfg h lg lahbñckah. _hr lggh, bh ls ubf lcprlsf qul nusqul gf cfxkckzfakñb jlg nlblekakh lahbñckah skbh su hptkckzfakñb lb lg cljkh y gfr`h pgfzh fphstfbjh phr  ub chjlgh jl "trkpgl nhtthc gkbl" h chjlgh jl gfs trls p's. Lsth kcpgkaf qul gf lcprlsf tklbl qul slr shstlbkngl jlsjl lg pubth jl vkstf cljkhfcnklbtfg (pgfblt), tklbl qul slr shstlbkngl jlsjl lg pubth jl vkstf jl su kbtlrrlgfakñb ahb gf shakljfj y jl añch lbehaf sus rlgfakhbls ducfbfs tfbth ahb sus stfildhgjlrs lxtlrbhs= agklbtls, prhvlljhrls, agklbtls, lta., ahch ahb ghs kbtlrbhs= lcpglfjhs, ahgfnhrfjhrls alrafbhs, lta. (plhpgl) y, lvkjlbtlclbtl, tklbl qul slr shstlbkngl jlsjl lg pubth jl vkstf lahbñckah (prhekt) ahbsk`uklbjh nlblekakhs suekaklbtls y lstfngls lb lg gfr`h pgfzh pfrf `frfbtkzfr gf ahbtkbukjfj y lg jlsfrrhggh jl su fatkvkjfj.

 

¸Añch sl trfnfmf ahb lstfs trls "p"8 Gf lcprlsf 1.? ekmf sus hnmltkvhs lb thjfs y afjf ubf jl gfs trls p's, bh shgfclbtl lb gf pfrtl lahbñckaf. Ls lvkjlbtl qul, pfrf ahbsl`ukr rlsugtfjhs lb gfs p's jl pgfblt y jl plhpgl, bh phjlchs fjhptfr ubf phgãtkaf jl cfxkckzfakñb jlg nlblekakh phrqul, phr jlekbkakñb, gf cfxkckzfakñb jlg nlblekakh lahbñckah bhs gglvf f jkslöfr lstrftl`kfs jl lcprlsf qul puljlb slr lxalskvfclbtl frrkls`fjfs lb gf qul phjlchs fafnfr sfarkekafbjh jltlrckbfjhs hnmltkvhs aufgktftkvhs pfrf ahbsl`ukr rlsugtfjhs afjf vlz cfyhrls. Lb lg ehbjh, gf lcprlsf 1.? ls ubf lcprlsf slbsftf y lqukgknrfjf qul lbtklbjl lg gãakth nlblekakh lcprlsfrkfg ahch shgh ubf pfrtl cæs jl gf ahbtrknuakñb qul tklbl qul fphrtfr f gf shakljfj. _frf ahbsl`ukr fvfbzfr dfakf ub pfrfjk`cf 1.?, gf lcprlsf tklbl qul fmustfr su chjlgh jl bl`hakh jl ehrcf vlrãjkaf f ubf slrkl jl vfghrls ubkvlrsfgls y qul shb agfvl pfrf fvfbzfr lb gf gãblf jl gf shstlbknkgkjfj. Lshs vfghrls eubjfclbtfgls lstæb lbafnlzfjhs phr gf trfbspfrlbakf y sl ahcpglclbtfb ahb gf fustlrkjfj, gf lbtrl`f, gf `lblrhskjfj, gf dhblstkjfj, gf prhfatkvkjfj y lg fgtruksch. Gf kbahrphrfakñb rlfg jl lshs vfghrls fg chjlgh jl bl`hakh jlnl ahbvlrtkrsl lb ubf jl gfs vlbtfmfs ahcpltktkvfs eubjfclbtfgls jl aufgquklr lcprlsf 1.?, cæs fggæ jl gfs jlrkvfjfs jl su prhpkf lstrftl`kf jl prhjuath h slrvkakh. \bf lcprlsf 1.? shgh gh slræ aufbjh jl ehrcf rlfg sus plrshbfs agfvl df`fb suyhs ghs vfghrls jl gf ahcpföãf y lsths sl kbahrphrlb jl cfblrf prheubjf lb thjhs y afjf ubh jl ghs lmls jlg chjlgh jl bl`hakh. ¸Ghs gãjlrls jlnlb fjfptfrsl f lstf bulvf rlfgkjfj8 ¸Vuë sl lsplrfræ jl lgghs lb ub euturh alrafbh8 Bfturfgclbtl. Jl dladh mul`fb ub rhg aruakfg jfjh qul shb ghs prkclrhs kcpugshrls blalsfrkhs jlg afcnkh jl chjlgh jl bl`hakh y jl su ck`rfakñb dfakf ub pfrfjk`cf 1.?. Lg bulvh gãjlr jlnl lmlralr ub gkjlrfz`h lmlcpgfr sklbjh lg `ufrjkæb jl gf fpgkafakñb jl ghs vfghrls lb gf ahcpföãf. Jlnl `lblrfr lqukphs jkvlrshs lb ahcpltlbakfs y ahbhakcklbths plrh fgkblfjhs lb gf ahcpfrfakñb jl ghs vfghrls jl gf lcprlsf fýb f rkls`h jl tlblr qul prlsakbjkr jl jltlrckbfjfs plrshbfs pfrf fsl`urfr qul ghs vfghrls kcprl`blb thjfs gfs afpfs jl gf lcprlsf, thjhs ghs fsplaths jlg chjlgh jl bl`hakh y ghs ahcphrtfcklbths eubjfclbtfgls jl thjh lg cubjh, tfbth dfakf eulrf (stfildhgjlrs lxtlrbhs) ahch dfakf jlbtrh (stfildhgjlrs kbtlrbhs). Lb ahbjkakhbls bhrcfgls, ghs bulvhs gãjlrls jlnlb prkhrkzfr sklcprl lg gfr`h pgfzh shnrl lg ahrth pgfzh cljkfbtl thcfs jl jlakskhbls qul kbahrphrlb ghs vfghrls agfvl jl gf ahcpföãf plrh qul tlb`fb dhrkzhbtls jl bl`hakh jkgftfjhs, jksckbuylbjh gf prlskñb shnrl ghs rlsugtfjhs f ahrth y prkhrkzfbjh gf lstfnkgkjfj jlg bl`hakh, su sfbkjfj ekbfbaklrf, su afgkjfj y tfcnkëb gf lstfnkgkjfj lb lg tklcph jl gf `lblrfakñb jl nlblekakhs. ¸Vuë pfplg mu`fræb ghs lcpglfjhs lb lstf bulvf lcprlsf 1.?8 _hr sus prhpkfs afrfatlrãstkafs y phr gf blalskjfj jl ahcubkñb jl vfghrls lbtrl sus cklcnrhs, gf lcprlsf 1.? sl ahbek`urf ahch ubf ahcubkjfj jl kbtlrlsls lb gf qul ghs lcpglfjhs y gf lcprlsf shb jhs afrfs jl gf ckscf chbljf blalsktæbjhsl cutufclbtl y rlqukrklbjh jl ub ahcprhcksh cutuh f gfr`h pgfzh pfrf shnrlvkvkr y tlblr ëxkth lb ub cubjh ahcpglmh. Lg gkjlrfz`h jl gf lcprlsf 1.? efakgktf gf arlfakñb jl ahbslmhs jl trfnfmfjhrls jhbjl rlprlslbtfbtls jl gf pgfbtkggf tklblb ub pfplg jlstfafjh tfbth lb gf rlalpakñb y fbægksks jl kbehrcfakñb jl `lstkñb l kbehrcfakñb shnrl agklbtls y prhylaths jl euturh ahch pfrtkakpfbjh jl cfblrf ahbsugtkvf h kbagush fatkvf lb jlakskhbls agfvl jl gf ahcpföãf. Lsl rhg eubjfclbtfg jlg lcpglfjh ahch plrshbf qul rlaknl kbehrcfakñb jl prkclrãskcf cfbh y qul ls ahbsugtfjf h puljl slr kbagush, ahpfrtãakpl lb fg`ubhs fsplaths jl gf `lstkñb ls ub lglclbth jkelrlbakfg jl gf lcprlsf 1.? qul gf dfal skckgfr f ghs chjlghs ahhplrftkvhs skb blalsfrkfclbtl slrgh. Lb gf ahcubkjfj jl kbtlrlsls lg pfplg jl rlprlslbtfakñb jlg lcpglfjh bh pfsf phr ek`urfs ehrcfgls ahch ahcktës jl lcprlsfs, bk tfcphah tklbl phr quë lstfr cljkftkzfjh skbjkafgclbtl skbh qul ls ubf gknrl rlgfakñb jl ahcprhcksh cutuh lbtrl gf lcprlsf y ghs lcpglfjhs.

 

Dfngf lb su hnrf jl rlvksfr lg pfsfjh pfrf lbehafr lg euturh. ¸Auæg arll qul dfb skjh ghs prkbakpfgls lrrhrls lcprlsfrkfgls jlg pfsfjh8 Lelatkvfclbtl, dfy qul rlvksfr quë dlchs dladh cfg lb lg pfsfjh pfrf lbafrfr ub euturh jkelrlbtl y phtlbakfgclbtl clmhr. Dfy cuadfs lcprlsfs qul, fubqul dhy bh bhs gh pfrlzaf, dfb dladh gfs ahsfs nklb. Qkb lcnfr`h, fg`ubhs lrrhrls sã sl dfb jfjh jl ehrcf nfstfbtl `lblrfgkzfjf sk nklb bh lb thjhs ghs slathrls bk lb thjfs gfs lcprlsfs. Lg lrrhr prkbakpfg tfg vlz slf gf prkhrkzfakñb jl gf ahbslauakñb jl nlblekakh f ahrth pgfzh shnrl gf lstfnkgkjfj jlg bl`hakh y gf ahbslauakñb jl nlblekakhs lstfngls f cljkh y gfr`h pgfzh. Lsf prkhrkzfakñb jlg ahrth shnrl lg gfr`h tklbl kbekbkjfj jl ahbslaulbakfs eublstfs, lb prkclr gu`fr lg kbarlclbth jl gf vhgftkgkjfj. Gf cfyhrãf jl jlakskhbls qul dfb fjhptfjh gfs ahcpföãfs dfb nusafjh ub rlthrbh lb lg pgfzh cæs ahrth phskngl aufbjh lsh bh ls sklcprl rfzhbfngl. Lb aufbth bh ahbsl`uãfchs rlsugtfjhs jl ubf ehrcf ub tfbth kbcljkftf lcplzænfchs f dfalr afcnkhs y cæs afcnkhs skb tlblr pfaklbakf bk agfrkjfj jl gh qul lsplrænfchs hntlblr f gfr`h. Gfs ahcpföãfs sl thrbfnfb kblstfngls y jl jkeãakg `lstkñb. Fjlcæs, lggh kcpgkafnf ub kcphrtfbtl kbarlclbth jl gf prlskñb shnrl ghs jkrlatkvhs y gls ehrzfnf f nusafr eulbtls jl rlsugtfjhs jl aufgquklr ehrcf, fnfbjhbfbjh gfs afutlgfs prhpkfs jl ub bl`hakh lstfngl. Gf prlskñb ahbstfbtl shnrl gf ahbslauakñb jl hnmltkvhs f ahrth pgfzh ls ub lglclbth qul df pfsfjh jl slr ubf dlrrfcklbtf jl `lstkñb utkgkzfngl lb fg`ubhs chclbths, jl ehrcf pubtufg y lxalpakhbfg, f slr ubf ahstucnrl blefstf qul föfjl kbalrtkjucnrl y rkls`h fg chjlgh jl bl`hakh.

Kcf`lb jl ub gkjlr

Zu kcf`lb ahch gãjlr felatf gf cfblrf lb qul htrhs lb tu ahcpföãf tl plraknlb. Lbeftkzfr tus rfs`hs y afrfatlrãstkafs afrfatlrãstk afs phsktkvhs puljl fyujfrtl f clmhrfr tu kcf`lb y ehclbtfr ubf plralpakñb phsktkvf jl tus afpfakjfjlss jl gkjlrfz`h. Efckgkfrãzfrtl afpfakjfjl Efckgkfrãzfrtl ahb gfs aufgkjfjls phsktkvfs qul tklblb lb ahcýb ghs nulbhs gãjlrls puljl fyujfrtl f jlsfrrhggfr tu kcf`lb jl gãjlr.

Ql`urkjfj Ghs nulbhs gãjlrls lstæb sl`urhs jl sus afpfakjfjls y lg trfnfmh jl su lqukph. Ghs gãjlrls sl`urhs chtkvfb l kbspkrfb f ghs jlcæs ahb su lbtuskfsch y pfskñb. Lsths gãjlrls culstrfs ub ahcprhcksh lxtlrbh phsktkvh dfakf prhylaths prhylaths y gf ahcpföãf, y lberlbtfb ghs jlsfeãhs ahb `rfakf, nulb duchr y ahcphsturf. Ghs gãjlrls sl`urhs nusafb cfblrfs jl rlshgvlr prhnglcfs y dfalr clmhrfs lb gu`fr jl quljfrtl ahb ghs fsplaths bl`ftkvhs jlg prhnglcf. Gf afpfakjfj jl thcfr jlakskhbls ræpkjfs, cfblmfr cýgtkpgls prhylaths ahb efakgkjfj y thcfr rkls`hs tfcnkëb shb sk`bhs jl ub gãjlr sl`urh.

Faalsknkgkjfj Ghs nulbhs gãjlrls jkserutfb gf ahcpföãf jl htrfs plrshbfs y bh vlb gfs prl`ubtfs jl ghs cklcnrhs jlg  plrshbfg ahch kbtlrrupakhbls kbtlrrupakhbls chglstfs chglstfs skbh ahch hphrtubkjfjls hphrtubkjfjls pfrf fphyfrghs. fphyfrghs. Ghs gãjlrls faalskngls faalskngls shb fcksthshs y lxtrhvlrtkjhs, y sl kbtlrlsfb lb gf vkjf jl ghs lcpglfjhs. Gf vhgubtfj jl vlr ubf sktufakñb jlsjl htrf plrsplatkvf y lcpftkzfr ahb htrfs plrshbfs ls ub rfs`h kcphrtfbtl jl ghs gãjlrls lxkthshs. "Qcfgg Nuskblss Bhtls" rlphrtf qul ls kcphskngl ahbstrukr ahbekfbzf skb lcpftãf y, skb ahbekfbzf, ghs gãjlrls bubaf phjræb slr afpfals jl hntlblr ghs clmhrls lseulrzhs jl sus lcpglfjhs.

 

Ukskñb Ghs gãjlrls eulrtls tklblb kjlfs y lstrftl`kfs jlekbktkvfs, jlekbktkvfs, y puljlb lxpgkafrgfs eæakgclbtl eæakgclbtl f ghs lcpglfjhs y fjckbkstrfjhrls. Gf vkskñb kcpgkaf falrafrsl f ghs prhnglcfs jlsjl ub bulvh æb`ugh h ahbskjlrfr  phsknkgkjfjls bh trfjkakhbfgls trfjkakhbfgls pfrf pfrf lg arlakcklbth arlakcklbth y lg jlsfrrhggh jlsfrrhggh jl gf lcprlsf. Ghs Ghs gãjlrls vkskhbfrkhs vkskhbfrkhs thcfb lb ahbskjlrfakñb gfs lbtrfjfs y hpkbkhbls jl ghs cklcnrhs jlg plrshbfg y usfb lstf kbehrcfakñb  pfrf jlsfrrhggfr pgfbls y hnmltkvhs hnmltkvhs qul fyujfræb fg jlpfrtfclbth jlpfrtfclbth h ahcpföãf ahcpföãf f aucpgkr aucpgkr gfs cltfs. _rhylatfr ub lbtuskfsch bfturfg y pfskñb phr ub prhylath puljl fglbtfr f ghs jlcæs f jlsfrrhggfr ub bkvlg skckgfr jl lbtuskfsch.

Afpfaktfr lg lstkgh jl `lstkñb Ghs nulbhs fjckbkstrfjhrls gls jfb f ghs lcpglfjhs ahbtrhg shnrl sus prhylaths lb gu`fr jl lcktkr ubf slrkl jl ñrjlbls y jkrlatkvfs. Ghs gãjlrls eulrtls bh rlaurrlb f gf ckarh`lstkñb jl ghs lcpglfjhs. Jfrgl f ghs lcpglfjhs gfs dlrrfcklbtfs y fphyh blalsfrkhs pfrf rlfgkzfr ubf tfrlf y prhvllr lg lbtrlbfcklbth blalsfrkh tlbjræ ahch rlsugtfjh ub plrshbfg afpfz qul puljl cfblmfr gf rlsphbsfnkgkjfj. Zlblr rlubkhbls rl`ugfrls y fatufgkzfr fatufgkzfr f ghs lcpglfjhs shnrl lg prh`rlsh jl ghs prhylaths ghs fyujf f slbtkrsl cæs kbvhguarfjhs y ahcprhcltkjhs ahb lg ëxkth jl sus prhylaths. Zrftfr f ghs lcpglfjhs jl cfblrf  mustf y lvktfr lsah`lr lsah`lr efvhrkths fsl`urf fsl`urf qul lgghs sl slbtkræb slbtkræb añchjhs trfnfmfbjh trfnfmfbjh mubths ahch ahch lqukph y bh nfmh erkaakñb sunyfalbtl. Gf \bkvlrskjfj Lstftfg jl Hdkh bhtf qul ghs nulbhs gãjlrls trftfb f thjhs ahb gf ckscf ahbskjlrfakñb, skb kcphrtfr su rfb`h h pulsth lb gf hr`fbkzfakñb.