Conception Et Étude D - Un Pont

April 12, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A

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                          

                                                                   

                                                

           

     

             

              

                                                -                   -                     -      

-     

        

                           

   

     …………………………………………… …………………………… …;4 J.4) Jhtroiuntjoh ………………………………………………………………………… J.5) Eut if `‚êtuif ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………… .….;4 ………………………………………… ……………… …..;4 J.>) [rêsfhtdtjoh if `‚ouvrdlf ………………………………………………………… J.>.4) @fs @fs ndrdntêrjst ndrdntêrjstjqufs jqufs if `‚ouvr `‚ouvrdlf dlf …………………………………………… …………………………………………… ……;5 J.9) Iohhêfs bohntjohhf``fs …………………………………………………………………;5 J.9.4) Yrdnf fh p`dh p`dh ………………………………………………………………… ..........;5 J.9.5) [robj` fh òhl ………………………………………………………………… òhl ………………………………………………………………… ……..;> ……………………………………… …………………………………………………..;> ……………………………..;> J.9.>)) [robj` J.9.> [robj` fh trdvfrs trdvfrs ………………… J.6) Iohhêfs hdturf``fs …………………………………………………………………… …;9 J.6.4) Iohhêfs lêoòljqufs …………………………………………………………… ..;9 J.6.5) Iohhêfs lêotfnghjqufs ……………………………………………………… lêotfnghjqufs ……………………………………………………… …….;9 J.6.>) Iohhêfs gyiroòljqufs gyiroòljqufs …………………………………………… .. ..……………. ……………..;9 .;9 J.2) Ndrdntêrjstjqufs ifs cdtêrjdux if nohstruntjoh ……………………………………...;9 J.2.4) Eêtoh Eêtoh ……………………………………………………………………… .………..;9 J.2.5) Dnjfrs pdssjbs pdssjbs ………………………………………………………………………..;2 J.2 J.2.>) .>) Dnjfrs Dnjfrs if prêno prênohtr htrdjht djhtff « dntjbs dntjbs ½ ………………………………………………… ....;2 J.2.9) Dnjfrs if ngdrpfhtf ngdrpfhtf …..……………………………………………………………...;2 J.) @fs pdrdcçtrfs jhtfrvjfht idhs `f ng …………………..……… ………………… ………;< ;< …………………………………………………………… ………;< ……… JJ.9) Nohnfptj Nohnfptjoh oh if tde`jfr tde`jfr . ;< JJ.6) JJ.6) Rdrjd Rdrjdht htff H»4 H»4 1 [oht [oht cj cjxt xtff ……………………………………………………… .……… ………;< ;< ………… .……….. ………..;< JJ.6.4) Jhtroiuntjoh Jhtroiunt joh …………………………………………………… …………. ;< ……;< JJ.6.5) @fs dvdhtdlfs dvdhtdlfs ft `fs `fs   jhnohvêhjfhts………………………………………… .….…… ;< JJ.6.>) JJ.6. >) Jcp`dhtdtjoh ifs dppujs ……………………………………………… .…… ……..……… ………;7 ;7 [rê ijcfhsjohhfcfht…………………………………………………… .…………. ………….;7 JJ.6.9) [rê JJ.6.9) ;7 JJ.6.6) `fs ngdrlfs ifs ê`êcfhts ê`êcfhts port furs …………………………………………… .…… ……4; 4; JJ.6.2) @fs ndrdntêrjstjq ndrdntêrjstjqufs ufs lêocêtrjqufs lêocêtrjqufs if `d id``f id``f ………………………….. ………………………….....................44 ...................44 ……………………………………… ……………… ….………... ………...44 JJ.2)) vdrjdh JJ.2 vdrjdhtf tf H»5 1 [oht ndjs ndjssoh soh bfrcê bfrcê ………………………… 44 JJ.2.4) JJ.2. 4) Jhtroiuntjoh …………………………………………… ………………. ……………… .…………... …………...44 44 ………….44 JJ.2.5) @fs dvdhtdlfs ft `fs j hnohvêhjfhts ……………………………………… .…………. 44 ………….45 JJ.2.>) Jcp`dhtdtjoh Jcp`dhtdtjoh ifs dppujs ………………………………………………… .…………. 45 JJ.2.9) JJ.2.9) [rê ijcfhsjohhfcfht…………………………………………………… .………….. …………..45 45 …………49 JJ.2.6) JJ.2.6) Nd`nu` if pojis…………………………………………………………… .………… 49 JJ.2.2) @fs ndrdntêrjstjq ndrdntêrjstjqufs ufs lêocêtrjqufs lêocêtrjqufs ifs voussojrs voussojrs ……………………. …………………….……………... ……………...49 49 JJ.) Dhd`ys Dhd`ysff cu`tjnrjtçrfs cu`tjnrjtçrfs……………………………………………………………………...>5

      JR.4) Nd`nu` ifs surngdrlfs routjçrfs ……………… ………………………………………… ………………………………… ……… …..…>9 ………………………………………… ……………… …………………………… …………………………… .>9 JR.4.4) ûrngdrlf D (`) ………………………… ……………………………………………………………. ..>6 JR.4.5) ^ystçcf ^ystçcf if ngdrlfs E ……………………………………………………………...>6 JR.4.>) ûrngdrlf ûrngdrlf cj`jtdjrf cj`jtdjrf Cn45; Cn45; ……………………………… ……………………………… …………………….…….>: JR.4.9) Ngdrlf fxnfptjohhf``f I59; …………………………………………………………9; JR.5) `fs `fs ûrngdrlfs ûrngdrlfs sur trottojr trottojr ……………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………...………94 ……...………94 JR.>) @fs surngdrlfs iufs du vfht, du sêjscf, ft du brfjhdl f ………………………………94 JR.>.4) ûrngdrlf iu iu vfht………………………………………………………………….…94 JR.>.5) @f sêjscf sêjscf …………………………………………………………………………..... 94 ……………………………………………………………………95 JR.>. >) Bornfs Bornfs if if brfjhdlf brfjhdlf……………………………………………………………………95 JR.9) Bornf nfhtrjbulfs ……………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………..…95 ……………..…95 JR.5) Nocejhdjsohs Nocejhdjsohs if if ngdrlfs ………………………………………………………………9>

       R.4) Jhtroiuntjoh ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… .. ..….92 ….92 ……92 R.5) Ftuif iu tde`jfr ………………………………………………………………… .... ....……92 …….9< R.5.4) coiê`jsdtjoh ………………………………………………………………… .. ..…….9< R.5.5) Nd`nu`f ifs fbborts òhljtuijhd`f fbborts òhljtuijhd`f …………………………………………… ... ...……..9< ……..9< R.5.>) Nd`nu`f if if `d sfntjoh if if cjxtf …………………… cjxtf ………………………………………… …………………… ………. ……….……9: …...65 R.5.9) Iêtfrcjhdtjoh Iêtfrcjhdtjoh ifs fbbfts jhtfrhfs sur `d sfntjoh cjxtf………………………… cjxtf …………………………..…... 65 R.5.9.4) Fbbfts iu rftrdjt …………………………… rftrdjt ……………………………………… ………… ………………... ………………...…...…65 …...…65 R.5.9.5) Fbbft if `d ijbbêrfhnf if tfcpêrd turf fhtrf `'dnjfr ft `f eêtoh …………………69 R.5.9.>) Iêhjvf``dtjohs Iêhjvf``dtjohs ifs ifs dppujs ………………………………………………….….66 dppujs ………………………………………………….….66

R.5.6) Rêrjbjndtjoh ë `‚êtdt `j cjtf if sfrvjnf………………………………………...……..62 sfrvjnf ………………………………………...……..62 R.5.6.4) Rêrjbjndtjoh ifs nohtrdjhtfs …………………………………… …….…….….62 R.5.6.4) Rêrjbjndtjoh R.5.6.5) Rêrjbjndtjoh ifs nohtrdjhtfs if njsdj``fcfht ………………………………… …………………………………..67 ..67 R.5.6.>) Rêrjbjndtjoh Rêrjbjndtjoh if `‚åcf du voj`fcfht ………………………………… ………………………………… ………....6: ………....6: R.5.6.9) Rêrjbjndtjoh if `d poutrf du iêvfrsfcfht ………………………………….…29 R.5.6.6) Nd`nu` ifs ifs iêborcdtjohs iêborcdtjohs …………………… ……………………………………… ………………… …….…….…..26 R.>) Ijcfhsjohhfcfht if `d id``f fh eêtoh drcê .............................................................22 R.>.4) Bohntjohhfcfht ……………… Bohntjohhfcfht ……………………………………… ………………………………… ………… …..…. …..….………22 R.>.5) Iêbjhjtjoh ifs ngdrlfs ft ngdrlfs ft ifs surngdrlfs …………………………………… .....2< ….27 R.>.>) Nd`nu` ifs so``jnjtdtjohs trdhsvfrsd`f so``jnjtdtjohs trdhsvfrsd`f ……………………………………… .. ..….27 R.>.9) Gypotgçsfs if nd`nu`s ……………………………………………………..…… nd`nu`s ……………………………………………………..……27 27 ……………………….. .2: R.>.6) Bfrrdj``dlf if `d id``f ………………………………… id``f ………………………………………………………… R.9) Fhtrftojsfs ft pjçnfs if poht …………………………………………… ……………………………………………..…………. …………... 4;> …………………………………………………… 4;> RJJ.5.4) Jcp`dhtdtjoh ifs nu`êfs nu`êfs …………………………………………………… RJJ.5.5) [rê ijcfhsjo ijcfhsjohhfcfht hhfcfht i fs nu`êfs ……………………………….…………4;> nu`êfs ……………………………….…………4;> ……………………………………………………….. ….. ….4;> 4- Cur Cur ldr ldri if lrç lrçv vf …………………………………………………… 5- Cur if broht ……………………………………………………………….4;> >- ôccjfr i‚dppujs i‚dppujs ………………………………………… ……………………………………………... …... ………….4;9 ………………………………………………………... .. ……….4;9 9- @d sfcf``f ………………………………………………………. 6-

Cur fh rftour ……………………… ……………………………………………………… ……………………………………...……..4;9 ……...……..4;9

2- Id` Id``f if ttrrdh dhssjtjoh ………………………………………………...……….4;9 RJJ.5.>) vêrjbjndtjoh if ^tdej`jtê ifs nu`êfs …………………………………………4;6 RJJ.5.>.4) Gypotgçsf if nd`nu` …………………………………….………….4;6 nd`nu` …………………………………….………….4;6

nocejhdjsohs ifs ngdrlfs pour `fs `fs vêrjbjndtjoh vêrjbjndtjohss if RJJ.5.>.5) @fs nocejhdjsohs stdej`jtê ifs nu`êfs…………………………………………………..….. nu`êfs …………………………………………………..….. 4;2 RJJ.5.>.>) Rêrjbjndtjoh Rêrjbjndtjoh du rfhvfrsfcfh rfhvfrsfcfhtt ………………………………………446 RJJ.5.>.9) Rêrjbjndtjoh Rêrjbjndtjoh du l`jssfcfh l`jssfcfhtt …………………………………….…..446 RJJ.5.>.6) Rêrjbjndtjoh Rêrjbjndtjoh ifs nohtrdjhtfs nohtrdjhtfs sous sous `d sfcf``f …………. sfcf``f …………...…………..442 RJJ.5.9) Bfrrdj``dlf if `d nu`êf ………………………………………………..……..442 nu`êf ………………………………………………..……..442 ……. …442 RJJ.5.9.4) Cur ldrif lrfvf…………………………………………… lrfvf…………………………………………………. RJJ.5.9.5) @d id``f if trdhsjtjoh …………….…………………………..…….45; RJJ.5.9.>) Cur brohtd` ………………………………………...……………….454 brohtd` ………………………………………...……………….454 ……………………………………..……………… …………… ..459 RJJ.5.9.9) Cur fh rftour rftour ……………………………………..… RJJ.5.6) bfrrdj``dlf bfrrdj``dlf if bohidtjoh bohidtjoh if `d nu`êf nu`êf……………………………………….….45< ……………………………………….….45< ............................. .......................................... ................................................................. ................................................... .....................45: .......45:  ...............

Eje`jolrdpgjquf Dhhfxf

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Ngdpjt Ngd pjtrf rf J1 LF LFHF HFUD@ UD@JYF JYF^ ^ J.4) Jhtr Jhtroiun oiuntjo tjoh h Oh dppf`` dppf``ff poht poht tout tout ouvrdlf ouvrdlf pfrcftt pfrcfttdht dht ë uhf uhf voj vojff if njrnu`dt njrnu`dtjoh joh if brdhngjr brdhngjr uh oestdn` oestdn`ff hdturf` hdturf` ou uhf dutrf dutrf vojf if njrnu`dtjoh. njrnu`dtjoh. @f sounj if `‚jhlêhjfur fst if rêpohirf rêpohirf ë `d `d qufstjoh qufstjoh 1 noccfht noccfht nohstruj nohstrujrf rf uh ouvrdl ouvrdlff quj dssurf pdrbdjtfcfht pdrbdjtfcfht soh sfrvjnf dvfn dvfn uh noýt optjcd` optjcd` ? J` fst êld`fcfht fssfhtjf` fssfhtjf` if vfj``fr vfj``fr ë ` d rêd`jsdtjoh ifs ouvrdlfs i‚drt dydht ifs borcfs ft proportjohs pfrcfttdht uhf jhtêlrdtjoh sdtjsbdjsdhtf idhs `f sjtf.

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JJ.6.6) ``fs fs ngdrlfs ifs ê`êcfhts ê`êcfhts portfurs  @f po poji jiss if ifss po pout utrfs rfs 1 [t   ^     ^ [t   ;,;:4  c

 `d id id`` ``ff pd pdrtj rtjnjp njpdht1 dht1 (Rojr `f ngdpjtrf ngdpjtrf if prê ijcfhsjohhfc ijcfhsjohhfcfht) fht) efbb 3 ef4+ef5 3 4,>6 >6+ +4,26 ,26 3 >c  ^fn ^fntj tjoh oh go goco colçh lçhff ^ 1 ^h 3 ^d + ê /h ^d 1 sfntjoh i‚dnjfr . ê 1 sfntjoh iu eêtoh. h 1 nofbbjnjfht i‚êqujvd`fhnf. Yf`` quf d / e 3 Fd / Fe 3 h

4,>6

4,26

Bjl R.7 1 @d id``f pdrtjnjpdhtf

Rd`furs iu nofbbjnjfht i‚êqujvd`fhnf « h ½ 1 Fh dnnori dv fn `f njrnu`djrf H» . h 3 46 (nofbbjnjfht i'êqujvd`fhnf) iu bdjt if `d bdje`f pdrtjnjpdtjoh if `d id``f. *Oh nohsjiçrf nohsjiçrf fh prfcjfr prfcjfr `jfu uh ê`jcfht ê`jcfht if poutrf cjxtf if if òhluf òhluf ur ix, sj dunuhf `jdjsoh h‚fxjstf fhtrf `‚dnjfr ft `f eêtoh, `f rftrdjt fst `jerf ft `d id``f sf sf rdnnournjt if ∂ ix, (Bjlurf d ft e). * cdjs fh rêd`jtê, `d `jdjsoh fhtrf `d poutrf cêtd``jquf fftt `d id``f if eêtoh fcpángf `f `jerf `jerf rdnnournjssfcfht if `d id``f if eêtoh. Dbjh if rfspfntfr `d nocpdtjej`jtê if iêborcdtjoh, j` bdut dpp`jqufr sur `f eêtoh uh fbbort horc d`f if trdntjoh Hc, nf quj nrjêf idhs `d id``f uh êtdt if nohtrdjhtf uhjborcf. * `‚fbbort horcd` if trdntjoh He dljss dljssdht dht idhs idhs `d id``f id``f if eêtoh eêtoh fst êquj`jerê êquj`jerê p pdr dr uh fbbort horcd` if

nocprfssjo nocprfs sjoh h Hc if cácf cácf jhtfhs jhtfhsjtê jtê,, cdjs cdjs dljss dljssdht dht sur `d `d sfntj sfntjoh oh cjxtf, cjxtf, ë `d gdut gdutfur fur iu nfht nfhtrf rf i iff lrdvjtêê if `d id``f if eêtoh. lrdvjt eêtoh. * `‚fbbft if `‚fbbort if nocprfssjoh H c , dljssdht idhs `d sfntjoh cjxtf , fst êqujvd`fht ë nfùj i‚uhf bornff if nocprfss born nocprfssjoh joh Hc dljssdht du hjvfdu iu nfhtrf if lrdvjtê if `d sfntjoh cjxtf ft i‚uh c ocfht if b`fxjoh C c êld`f ë H c cu`tjp`jê pdr `‚fxnfhtrjnjtê iu nfhtrf if lrdvjtê if `d id``f if eêtoh pdr rdpport ë `‚dxf hfutrf if `d sfntjoh cjxtf .`d bjlurf sujvdhtf iohhf êld`fcfht `fs rfprêsfhtdtjohs ifs

nohtrdjhtf ft ifs fbbort if trdntjohs .

(4)

Bjl R.4 .44 4 1 Fbbft if rftrdjt

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

- 65 -

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- @d nohijtjoh if nocpdtjej`jtê nocpdtjej`jtê fst sdtjsbdjtf, `'fbbort horcd` if trdntjoh ((bjntjb) bjntjb) dpp`jquê du nfhtrf if lrdvjtê if `d id``f fhlfhirf uhf nohtrdjhtf ώe quj vdut 1 ώe 3 Fe.ζr Dvfn1 Fe 3 Fd / h ft ζr1 nofbbjnjfht if rftrdjt. -Fh nohsjiêrdht quf Ιix 3 ζ r.ix (bjlurf e), -Dvfn ζr rfprêsfhtf `‚d`òhlfcfht rf`dtjb uhjtdjrf êld` ë ζr 3 9x4;-9. -[our dvojr `'êquj`jerf, oh iojt dpp`jqufr ë `d sfntjoh sfntjoh cjxtf dvfn uhf fxnf htrjnjtê eh (h346) uhf bornf if rêdntjoh rêdntjoh (bjl i), ft ft oh oetjfht 1  Vh fbbort horcd` if nocprfssjoh 1 H c 3 -He. Vh cocfht if b`fxjoh (posjtjb) 1 C c 3 Hc.eh 3 ώeÜϊ Nfs fbborts soht `fs cácfs sur toutf `d òhlufur if `d poutrf, `fs nohtrd jhtfs idhs `d poutrf cêtd``jquf soht iohhêfs pdr `fs rf`dtjohs sujvdhtfs sujvdhtfs 1  Nohtrdjhtf iuf ë `'fbbort if nocprfssjoh if `‚dnjfr 1 Hc 3 -He 38 ώ d4 3 - μ.ε. ώe 

38 ώ d5 3 - μ.(ώ e. ϊ/J).Rd Nohtrdj Noht rdjht htff iuf iuf du cocfh cocfhtt 1 Cc 3 -Hc.eh If cácf `fs nohtrdjhtfs idhs `d sfntjoh iu eêtoh soht iohhêfs pdr `fs rf`dtjohs 1  Noh Nohtrdj trdjhtf htf iuf ë `'fbbo `'fbbort rt if nocp nocprfs rfssjo sjoh h 1 Hc 3 -He 38 ώ e4 3 ε. ώe 

Nohtrdj Noht rdjht htff iuf iuf du cocfh cocfhtt 1 Cc 3 -Hc.eh 38 ώe5 3 (ώ e. ϊ/J).Re. @fs nohtrdjhtfs horcd`fs ho rcd`fs rêsu`tdhtfs so``jnjtdht ngdquf cdtêrjdu soht 1



Nohtrdjhtf if nocprfssjoh Nohtrdjhtf nocprfssjoh coyfh idhs `d sfcf`` sfcf``ff supêrjfur supêrjfurff 1 ώjr 3 μ.ε. ώ e + μ.(ώe. ϊ/J).Rj Nohtrdjhtf Nohtrdj htf if trdntjoh trdntjoh coyfh idhs `d sfcf`` sfcf``ff jhbêrjfur jhbêrjfurff 1 ώsr 3 - μ.ε. ώe + μ.(ώ e. ϊ/J).Rj Nohtrdjhtf Nohtrdj htf if trdntjoh trdntjoh idhs idhs `f eêtoh eêtoh 1 ώer 3 ε. ώe + (ώe. ϊ/J).Re. Hotdtjoh 1 h 346 (nofbbjnjfht i'êqujvd`fhnf). ε 1 n‚fst uh nofbbjnjfht tf` quf 1 ε 3 êh / (êh+ ^d) 3 ê46 /( ê46 + ^d). ê461 ^fntjoh iu eêtoh rfhiuf gocolçhf pour h 3 46. ê 1 ^fntjoh iu eêtoh. ^d 1 ^fntjoh i'dnjfr. ϊ 1 cocfht stdtjquf if `d sfntjoh if eêtoh pdr rdpport du nfhtrf if lrdvjtê if if `d sfntjoh cjxtf L. J 1 Cocfht i'jhfrtjf if `d sfntjoh cjxtf pour h346.

HE 1 `f sjlhf cojhs(-) cojhs( -) norrfspohi ë `d trdntjoh

@f sjlhf sjlhf cojhs(+) norrfspohi norrfspohi ë `d nocprfssjoh nocprfssjoh Nd`nu`f if `‚fbbft if rftrdjt 1 ^ e 46 ^ eh ;,;,>;

59,2;

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Nohtrdjhtf totd`f Nohtrdjhtf totd`f if `d Nocejh Nocejhdjs djsoh oh `d pùss iêbdvo pù iêbdvorde rde`f `f

/

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/

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 E

 rftour

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Yde R.5 1 vêrjbjndtjoh ifs nohtrdjhtfs ë cj trdvêf @fs nohtrdjhtfs ë `‚F@^ soht vêrjbjêfs ë cj trdvêf.

- 6< -

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H

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C[d Yde R.> 1 vêrjbj vêrjbjndtjo ndtjoh h ifs nohtrdjhtfs nohtrdjhtfs sur dppujs dppujs

@fs nohtrdjhtfs ë `‚F@^ soht vêrjbjêfs

R.5.6.5) Rêrjbjndtjoh ifs nohtrdjhtfs if njsdj``fcfht

sdtjsbdjrf rf ë `d nohijtjo nohijtjoh h sujvdh sujvdhtt 1 @d nohtrdjhtf nohtrdjhtf if njsdj`` njsdj``fcfht fcfht coyfh iuf ë `‚fbbort trdhngdht Y  y iojt sdtjsbdj

 cdx   

c dx



Y y

t w  g

 4 ; ; C [d

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w

I'dprçs `fs rêsu`td I'dprçs rêsu`tdts ts iohhês iohhês pdr òljnj òljnjf` f` UOEOY Cê Cê`jhjf `jhjfucf ucf 1 Oh d 1 `‚fbbort trdhngdht cdxjcuc fst êld`f 1 Yy 355:, 355:,59 59 t Y y Y y  c dx   Yf`` Yf``ff qu quff 1 cdx   3 ;,96 bf D w t w  g w Y y 

c dx

Y y

 D w  t w  g w

- 67 -

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- 25 -

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@fs rêsu`td rêsu`tdts ts soht soht rfprês rfprêsfhtês fhtês idh idhss `f tde` tde`fdu fdu sujvdh sujvdhtt 1

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Yde R.6 1 vêrjbj vêrjbjndtjo ndtjoh h if voj`fcfht pour `f cocfht hêldtjvf hêldtjvf HE 1 @f voj`fcfht voj`fcfht êtdht vêrjbjê, vêrjbjê, j` h‚fst pds pds hênfssdjrf hênfssdjrf iohn if cfttrf ifs rdjijssfur rdjijssfurss i‚åcf

dutrfs quf nfux du hjvfdu ifs fhtrftojsfs.

- 2> -

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

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R.5.6.9) Rêrjbjnd R.5.6.9) Rêrjbjndtjoh tjoh if `d poutrf du iêvfrsfcfht iêvfrsfcfht @f iêvfrsfcfht fst uh pgêhocçhf i‚jhstdej`jtê cfttdht fh afu `fs ndrdntêrjstjqufs if torsjoh ft if b`fxjoh `dtêrd`f if `d poutrf. @f iêvfrsfcfht sfrd vêrjbjf sfòh `d cêtgoif proposêf pdr `f tjtrf R iu bdsnjnu`f b dsnjnu`f 24 if N.[.N drtjn`f 4:, J` fst austjbjf quf `d nohtrdjhtf iuf ë `d `d b`fxjoh prêsfht uhf sênurjtê subbjsdhtf pdr rdpport ë `d nohtrdjhtf nrjtjquf if iêvfrsfcfht iêvfrsfcfht nd`nu`êf ë pdrtjr iu cocfht nrjtjquf C * if iêv iêvfrs frsfcf fcfht. ht.

^j  * b fst `d nohtrdjhtf nohtrdjhtf nrjtjquf nrjtjquf if iêvfrsfcfht iêvfrsfcfht,, oh dicft quf `d sênurjtê sênurjtê fs fstt oetfhuf sj sj `d nohtrdjhtf  b iuf ë `d b`fxjoh b`fxjoh sdtjsbdjt sdtjsbdjt ë 1  b

 b  ( * b )

Dvfn 1 b ( * b   )  ;,22. * b

sj b    ;,c >c9 @f cocfht i‚jhfrtjf ë `d tors torsjo joh h if if `d pjçn pjçnff 1 4 > d j  t j   >



- 29 -

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M 3 >, >,42 42,69 4  5    ;,>>47  c4  ;,>>47 d  d 

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 44,4>5  c5  44,4>7

Dòrs quf `f cocfht cocfht nrjtjquf nrjtjquf fst êld` ë 1

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c4c 5 @

 y LM  >>>c34>,>>nc ic 39;/>;; 3;,4>>>c34>,>> HE 1 `fs fbborts hf soht hj cdaorês hj pohiêrês poh iêrês pour `f nd`nu` ifs b`çngfs.

- 26 -

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

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-[oj -[ojis is ([o ([out utrf rf + fht fhtrf rftoj tojsf sf + id` id``f `f)) « [[ ½3 6,54t/c` -@d ngdrlf ngdrlf quj rfvjfht rfvjfht d ngdquf poutrf poutrf êld`f ë36,54/535,2; ë36,54/535,2;6t/c` 6t/c` 9 Ft 1 h3∘ = J ∘3;,;65 c 5,2;6  9; 9  476 FJ h  476  5,4  4; <  ;,;65  ;,;>>;4c  >,>;nc q` 9

Iohn 1 y cdx 

Nocp`êcfht if ngdrlfs pfrcdhfhtfs 1 q 35,>99 t/c` -@d ngdrlf ngdrlf quj rfvjfht rfvjfht d ngdquf ngdquf poutrf poutrf êld`f ë35,>99/534,4 ë35,>99/534,4 c  ;,>56nc

:2 FJ h :2  5,4  4;  ;,42;< Iohn @d b`çngf cdxjcuc cdxjcuc êld`f êld`f ë y cdx3>,> 3>,> +4,; +4,;9 9 + ;,;> ;,;>;< ;< + ;,746 ,746 3 6 6,4 ,476 76 nc @d vd`fur vd`fur if if `d b`çngf fst jhbêrjfurf jhbêrjfurf ë nf``f nf``f if `d vd`fur vd`fur dicjssj dicjssje`f e`f quj quj fs fstt if 4>,>>nc. R.>) Ijcfhs Ijcfhsjohhfc johhfcfht fht if `d id``f fh eêtoh eêtoh drcê drcê 1 R.>.4) Bohntjo Bohntjohhfcfh hhfcfhtt 1 @f rù`f if `d id``f if nouvfrturf nouvfrturf fst if trdhscfttrf trdhscfttrf `fs ngdrlfs ngdrlfs i‚fxpòjtdtjo i‚fxpòjtdtjoh h dux poutrfs poutrfs,, j` s‚dljt if `d b`fxjoh ònd`f ou b`fxjoh trdhsvfrsd`f. Oh pdr`f if b`fxjoh lêhêrd`f òrsquf `fs poutrfs trdhscfttfht ë `fur tour `fs fbborts dux dppujs. Oh supposfrd quf `f eêtoh trdhscft `fs ngdrlfs ifs fssjfux dux poutrfs cêtd``jqufs c êtd``jqufs ft qu‚f``fs pdrtjnjpfht ë `d b`fxjoh b`f xjoh i‚fhsfce`f if `‚ouvrdlf. `‚ou vrdlf. Oh ngfrngfrd ngfrn gfrd jnj ë iêtfrcjhfr iêtfrcjhf r `fs cocfhts trdhsvfrsdux C x ft Cy fh vuf iu ijcfhsjohhfcfht ifs drcdturfs trdhsvfrsd`fs ft òhljtuijhd`fs. Oh d rfprêsfhtê nj-ifssous uhf vuf if ifssus if `d id``f if nouvfrturf 1 Cx 1 Cocfht trdhsvfrsd` pfrcfttdht `f nd`nu` nd`nu ` ifs drcdturfs trdhsvfrsd`fs.

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

- 22 -

[rocotjoh 5;;:

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Cy 1 Cocfht òhljtuijhd` pfrcfttdht `f nd`nu` ifs drcdturfs òhljtuijhd`fs. òhljtuijhd`fs . Oh prfhird noccf nohvfhtjoh quf `f cocfht fst hêl hêldtjb dtjb òrsquf `d bjerf supêrjfurf fst tfhiuf ft `f cocfht posjtjb òrsquf `d bjerf jhbêrjfurf fst tfhiuf.

Bj Bjl l R. R.4>1 4>1 @fs so``jnjtdtjohs sur `d id``f R.>.5) Iêbjhjtjo h ifs ngdrlfs ngdrlfs ft ifs surngdrlfs surngdrlfs Iêbjhjtjoh d)-ngdrlf d)-ng drlfss pfrcdhfht pfrcdhfhtfs fs 1 -pojis proprf iu tde`jfr [oji [o jiss if if `d id`` id``ff fh fh eêt eêtoh oh pp3 pp3 >, >,.>) .>) Nd`nu Nd`nu`` ifs ifs so` so``jn `jnjtd jtdtjo tjohs hs trdh trdhsvfrs svfrsd`f d`f 1 Oh fbbfntuf `fs `fs nd`nu`s pdr òljnjf` UOEOY Cj``fhjuc quj hous iohhf `fs r êsu`tdts ifs fbborts `fs

pùs iêbdvor iêbdvorde`fs, de`fs, ft `fs `fs cocfhts cocfhts cdxjcucs cdxjcucs ë F@V F@V ft ë F@^ quj soht rfprêsfhtês rfprêsfhtês idhs `fs sngêcds sngêcds sujv sujvdht dhtss 1

Bjl Bjl R.49 R.4911 ijdlrd ijdlrdccf ccf if if cocfhts cocfhts trdhsvfrsdux trdhsvfrsdux cdxjcuc cdxjcuc ë F@V .

Bjl Bj l R.46 R.4611 ijdlrdccf if cocfhts cdxjcuc ë F@^ . Gypotgçsfs fs if nd`nu`s 1 R.>.9) Gypotgçs Cdtêrjdux 1 Eêtoh E>6 b n57 3 >6 C[d Drcdturfs Dnjfrs GD Bf F9;; b f 3 9;; Cpd Fhroedlf ifs dnjfrs n 3 5,6 nc Hous utj`jsfrohs utj`jsfrohs `fs `fs rçl`fs r çl`fs if nd`nu` nd`nu` iu E.D.F.@.:4 E.D.F.@.:4 coijbjê ::.

- 27 -

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

[rocotjoh 5;;:

IJCFH^JOHHFCFHY CFHY IF RDUJDHYF RD UJDHYF UFYFHV UFYF HV IJCFH^JOHHF

Bjl R.42 1 ijsposj ijsposjtjoh tjoh ifs drcdtur drcdturfs fs trdhsvfrsd` trdhsvfrsd`ff norrfspohi norrfspohi dux so``j so``jnjtdt njtdtjohs johs cdxjcucs cdxjcucs R.>.6) Bfrrdj R.>.6) Bfrrdj``d ``dlf lf if `d `d id`` id``ff 1 Nd`nu` if sfntjoh ^ 4 1  Nd`nu` if sfntjoh i‚drcdturf ë `‚F@V 1

b eeuu 3

;,76 b n57 34:,7> Cpd e

dvfn e 3 4,6(fh sjtudtjoh iurde`fs)  34 b nn57 573 >6 C[d



 C



Cu ei 5 b eu



:  4; 5  2  4; 5 5 4  ;,556  4:,7>

 C u  5,72  4,>9   n  ;,>5> C sfr

iohn 1  n





   ^fntjoh sdhs dnjfr nocprjcê.

4  4  5 ;,7

5,4>

 ;,;:62

 i (4  ;, 9 )  ;,542>c ft 1   ;,472

z

Iohn 1 θs34;Ü4; -> θ fs 3 ( b f /  s )/F^34,26Ü4; -> Ft

dvfn F^ 3 5, 5,4Ü 4Ü4; 4;6Cpd

Iohn θ 8 θ s

oh d 1

s

fs

b f 3 >9< >9  4; 9 c 5  :,7>nc 5 iohn 1 Ds   z   s ;,542  >9 b f = cdx ;, 6 b f =44;  b ta

  ,  3 4,2 pour GD, b

t57 t573

5,< C[d

 s 3 522, 522,22 22 C[d. C[d.

Ufcd Ufcdrqu rquff 1 Bjssurdtjoh prêauijnjde`f, iohn `f bfrrdj``dlf iojt sf bdjrf ë `‚F@^ .

- 2: -

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

[rocotjoh 5;;:

IJCFH^JOHHFCFHY CFHY IF RDUJDHYF RD UJDHYF UFYFHV UFYF HV IJCFH^JOHHF

-Csfr 3 6,9< t.c - e 34 c, g 3 ;,56 ;,56 c - i 3 ;, ;,:g :g 3 ;,55 ;,556 6 c. - x3

46 en  i =  en  ;,2  b n 57 46 en   st  x 3 ;,45 ;,4547 47 c.

 ;,2  >6  54 C[d

x

- Q 3 i - >  ;,479> c. 4 - C 4  . e.  en . x. Q  5>,6: ncµ. Q.st Rêrjbjn Rêr jbjndtj dtjoh oh 1 Nohijtjoh if brdlj`jtê fst vêrjbjêf D^  Dcjh  ;,5>e.i

b ta b f

5,< 5 Iohn Dcjh  ;,5>  4;;(nc )  55,6(nc) 9;;  >,9:>nc @d sfntjoh cjhjcd`f i‚dnjfr 1  cjh  Ds  ;,;;>6  4;;  56  7,6 ; ;

5

Nohnùsjoh 1 @‚F@^ fst pùs iêbdvorde`f, ft iohn `‚djrf if `d sfntjoh i‚dnjfr trdhsvfrsdux hênfssdjrf fh ^4 vdut 1 Ds ^4 3 44,>: nc 5 , sojt 9 GD5;. I‚fspdnfcfht if 5 ;nc.



D tf `s quf 1 Ds`  ^  >, 5 >,, Cpd b eeuu 3 dvfn e 3 4,6(fh sjtudtjoh iurde`fs) e  34 b nn57 573 >6 C[d



  C



Cu ei 5 b eu

C u C sfr

iohn 1  n







5,72  4; 5  5,79  4; 5 5 4  ;, 556  4:,7>

:  4,>6   n  ;,>5> 6,9<

   ^fntjoh sdhs dnjfr nocprjcê.

 4  4  5  ;,;>2 ;,7

- θ fs 3 ( b f /  s )/F^34,26Ü4; -> Ft

dvfn F^ 3 5,4Ü4;6Cpd

Iohn θs 8 θfs b f O h d 1  3 s 3 >9,,9 t.c t.c ë cj trdvêf. Bjssurdtjoh Bjssur dtjoh prêauijnjde prêauijnjde`f `f 1



 s 3 cjh 5 / > b f = cdx ;, 6 b f =44;  b ta

  ,  3 4,2 pour GD, b

t57 t573

5,< C[d

 s 3 522,22 C[d. Ufcd Ufcdrqu rquff 1 Bjssurdtjoh prêauijnjde`f, iohn `f bfrrdj``dlf iojt sf bdjrf ë `‚F@^ .

-Csfr 3 5,4> t.c - e 34 c, g 3 ;,56 ;,56 c - i 3 ;,:g ;,:g 3 ;,556 ;,556 c. c. - x3

46 en  i =  en  ;,2  b n 57 46 en   st  x 3 ;,4547 c.

- Q3i-

x

>

 ;,2  >6  54 C[d

 ;,479> c.

4 - C 4  . e.  en . x. Q  5>,6> ncµ. Ds  C Q.st Rêrjbjnd Rêrj bjndtjo tjoh h1 Nohijtjoh Nohijt joh if brdlj`jtê brdlj`jtê fst vêrjbjêf vêrjbjêf D^  Dcjh  ;,5>e.i

)  55,6(nc) Iohn Dcjh  ;, 5>  4;;(nc @d sfntjoh cjhjcd`f i‚dnjfr 1

 cjh



5,< 9;;

b ta b f

 >,9:>nc 5

Ds ;  ;,>6 ; De

Iohn 1 Ds  ;,;;>6  4;;  56  7,, >,9: 9:>nc >nc5, sojt 9 GD42.

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

- ,9: nc 5 , sojt 9 GD45.

Bjl R.4< 1 bfrrdj``dlf if `d id``f R.9) Fhtrftoj Fhtrftojsfs sfs ft pjçnfs if poht poht 1 d) Fhtrftojsf 1 @fs fhtrftojsfs soht ifs ê`êcfhts trdhsvfrsdux `fur rù`f fst if rjljijbjfr `d ngdrpfhtf ft if rfprfhirf

`fs fbborts trdhsvfrsdux (Cdaorjtdjrfcfht `jê du vfht). @fs fhtrftojsfs idhs idhs hotrf nds fst uhf poutrf probj`ê J[F2;; fh dnjfr if typf Bf F>2;, quj d uhf `jcjtf ê`dstjquf if>2; C[d. J  y3:5;7>nc

9

Rêrjbjndtjoh if `‚fhtrft ojsf 1

Oh vd vêrjbjfr `d rêsjstdhnf ifs fhtrftojsfs sous uhf ngdrlf trdhsvfrsd`f t rdhsvfrsd`f if vfht. @d prfssjoh iu vfht fst bjxêf rêl`fcfhtdjrfcfht ë `‚F@V ë 5,;; MH/cµ. Oh prfhi uh nofbbjnjfht if sênurjtê if 4, 4 ,6. @d prfssjoh ë `‚F@V fst ioh n 1 TF@V3 >,; >,; MH/cµ H/cµ.. Bj Bjl l R.47 1 `fs ndrdntêrjstjqufs lêocêtrjqufs if `‚fhtrftojsf

Bjl R.4: 1 fbbft if if vfht sur `d id``f cjxtf

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

- 3>Ü9 Ü9Ü5 Ü5,5 ,56 6 3 5< MH35 MH35,< ,< t. t. Oh vd supposfr quf `d cojtjê if T w fst rfprjsf pdr `d id``f ft `‚dutrf cojt jê pdr `d sfcf``f jhbêrjfurf. I‚oú `fs fbborts sujvdht idhs `fs fhtrftojsfs 1

@f cocfht b`êngjssdht b`êngjssdht 1 Cf 3 Tw / 5 Ü gc 3 4, 4,54 546t. 6t.c c @‚fbbort trdhngdht 1 Rf 3 Tw /5 Ü g / e 3 >,27t Oh nd`nu`f dòrs 1  3 Cf Ü Rd / J 3 >:6,7>t/c 53>,:6C[d 3 Rf / (gw Ü tw) 3 4, 4,;2 ;2C[ C[dd g1 gdutfur if ` ‚fhtrftojsf gc3gpoutrf /5 e 1 `d `drl `drlfu furr if sfcf sfcf`` ``ff if `‚fhtrftojsf Rd 1 `d ijstdhnf if bjerf tfhiuf if `‚fhtrftojsf pdr rdpport `‚dxf if lrdvjtê. J 1 cocfht i‚jhfrtjf if `‚fhtrftojsf Ft oh vêrjbjf ejfh quf 1  0 b f 3 >66 C[d 0 ;,96 Ü bf 3 46:, 46:,;; cc Cocfht i‚jhfrtjf pdr rdpport `‚dxf yy 1 Jy39,c9

Bjl R.54 1 pjçnf if poht

- -

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

[rocotjoh 5;;:

IJCFH^JOHHFCFHY CFHY IF RDUJDHYF RD UJDHYF UFYFHV UFYF HV IJCFH^JOHHF

Cocfht stdtjq Cocfht stdtjquf uf 1 ws3wj3:,5;.4; ->c> i 3 ;,6 + e /5 j 3 ;,: c J` rfstf iohn ë ijcfhsjohhfr t w. @d pjçnf if poht suejt `‚fbbort trdhngdht cdxjcu cdxjcuc c iu dux ngdrlfs ngdrlfs pfrcdhfhtfs pfrcdhfhtfs ft ë `'djif `'djif iu òljnjf` òljn jf` UOEOY, UOEOY, oh oetjfht oetjfht `fs rêdntjohs rêdntjohs cdxjcuc cdxjcuc sur `fs dppujs dppujs sojt 1 U 3 RF@V 3 4,>6 4,>6 ([[+NN[ ([[+NN[)) 34,>6 34,>6 (4>>, (4>>,62+:; 62+:;,92) ,92) 3 >;5,99 >;5,99 t. Ft `f `f cocf cocfht ht hêl hêldt dtjb jb C 3 UÜi UÜi 3 5;5 ;5,9 ,99t 9t . Ccdx 3 5;5 , 99



t w  g w

 46455 ; , ;5  4 , ;

cdx   3 ;,96 bf t / c

5

 4 6 4 , 5 5 C [d

;,96 Ü >663 46:, , 92 >;> , 92

Iohn 1 -4 ≩ χ ≩4 Dòr Dòr quf quf 1 ^ 3 4,9+;,9 χ34,9+;,9 Ü-434 Idhss nf Idh nf nds sf` sfòh oh \JHYFYU \JHYFYU 1 M 39 +(9/ 5)

 4

ώs (C[d)

ώj (C[d)

->;>,92

>;>,92

- ,>

gw (c)

4,;

t w (c)

;,;5

 3 d / gw

>,>

M 3 6,>9 +(9/ 5)

6,;

 (C[d)

464,55

( / *)5

;,455

s (C[d)

->;>,92

j (C[d)

>;>,92

 3 j / s

-4

^

4

M

9,>5

* 3 M .f (C[d)

46>>,2

(^.  / *)5

;,;>:

( /   *)5 + (^ .  / *)5

;,424

Rd`fur dicjssje`f

4,7

Ftdt

vêrjbjê

Yde R.2 1 vêrjbjndtjoh if voj`fcfht if pjçnf if poht poht sous cocfht cdxjcuc HE 1 @f voj voj`fc `fcfht fht êtdht êtdht vêrjbjê. vêrjbjê.

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

- 66 H/cc 5 Uêsjstdhnf i‚uh n ohhfn ohhfntfu tfurr 1 @d rujhf i‚uh nohhfntfur pfut jhtfrvfhjr sojt pdr ênrdsfcfht iu eêtoh dvfn `d rêsjstdhnf 1 5

U4

 2< 

i

b na

4,>

 55  5

 2< 

4,>

>6

 49 H  49 ,,49 ;,66 9 9   :9946 ,;: H  :,99 t U.5  i

4,;

4,;

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

- 66  4; B  s   >5>; ,6t d 4,;6 4,;6 Eêtoh 1



B e

;,76  e 4,;6

 De 

;,76  >6  4; 5  ;,5;;; cc5 = ώj 3 4>9; Oh iêtfrcjhf `f hocerf if eouòhs hênfssdjrfs ft oh vêrjbjf `fs nohtrdj htfs idhs `d sfntjoh nohsjiêrêf nohsji êrêf ft idhs `fs nouvrfs nouvrfs aojhts.  Eouòh 1 `f `f ngojx fst fst portê sur sur ifs eouòh eouòh s if gdu gdutf tf rêsjstdhn rêsjstdhnff if typf GD 4;/: if ij ijdcçtrf dcçtrf 5 5; cc, cc, sojt sojt 596 cc if sfntjoh if `d vjs. @fs ndrdntêrjstjqufs cêndhjqufs if nf typf i‚dssfce`dlf soht 1

 Rjs 1 nohtrdjhtf if rupturf 1 4;; ≩ ώU ≩ 44: ml/ cc 5.  nohtrdjhtf `jcjtf ê`dstjquf 1 ώf 3 :;ml / cc 5.  @fs ênrous 1 `fur nohtrdjhtf if rupturf 1 7; ≩ ώU ≩ 4;; ml/ cc5.

- .

BU 3 ;,7 x ;,> ;,> x 596 x :; 3 65:5 65:5 ml36,5:5t. ml36,5:5t. Hous dvohs ifux nouvrfs aojhts fh pùs if `d pjçnf ë dssfce`fr, iohn oh durd 5 p`dhs if brottfcfht pdr eouòh nf quj hous iohhf 1 B UY 3 5 x BU 3 4;679 ml34;,679t. R.2.>) Nouvrf aojht 1 @f N.[.N bdsnjnu`f 24 tjtrf R, drtjn`f >6 -5 ho us pfrcft if iêtfrcjhfr `‚fhtrf dxf ifs eouòhs ft `d òhlufur iu nouvrf aojht. ι4 ≇ ι5 3 ι 6i.. >i ≩ ι ≩ 6i

4,6i ≩ ιt ≩ 5,6i 5i ≩ ι@ ≩ 5,6i Dvfn 1 i 1 ijdcçtrf iu trou pour ΢5;. Rêrjbjndtjoh tjoh if `d sfcf``f supêrjfurf1 supêrjfurf1 R.2.9) Rêrjbjnd @d sfcf``f sfcf``f supêrjfu supêrjfurf rf fst nocprjcêf nocprjcêf ft `‚fbbort iêvfòppê iêvf` oppê du hjvfdu hjvfdu if nfttf nfttf sfcf` sfcf``f `f fst fst 1 B^ 3 ώ^. Ϊ ^ B^ 3 462:9, 462:9,2< 2< x 5,96 5,96.4 .4; ;-5 3 >79, >79,6t 6t Bjl.R.591 `‚fspdnfcfht ifs eouòhhf >2,>9 9 Hocerf if eouòh 1 h ≦ B^ / BUY 3 >2,> Oh vd pr prfh fhir irff h 3 >7 eou` eouòh ohs. s. Fb Fbbo bort rtss pdr eou` eouòh oh 1 BE 3 B^ / >7 3 >79,6/ >7 3 4;,44t 0 4;,679 t.

Bjl.R.561 nouvrf aojht if `d sfcf``f supêrjfur  Rêrjbjndtjoh ifs nohtrdjhtfs 1 @d vêrjbjndtjoh ifs nohtrdjhtfs sfrd bdjtf nohborcêcfht ë `‚drtjn`f 4> -45 iu tjtrf R iu N.[.N. @d nohtrdjhtf horcd`f if nocprfssjoh sfrd nd`nu`êf fh sfntjoh erutf.  Rêrjbjndt Rêrjbjndtjoh joh if if `d pjçnf pjçnf dssfce`êf dssfce`êf 1 5

@d surbdnf surbdnf erut if if `d sfcf``f sfcf``f supêrjf supêrjfur ur 1 



B ^ ^ e



ê

3 (6) 3 596;; cc .

>97 ,6  ;,;4955 t  / cc 5  49559 , 97t  / c 5  495 ,59 C[d 596;;

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

- 97 ,6

 ;,;42 t  / cc 5  424>9 ,56 t  / c 5  424,>9 C[d  59; C[d

5  4;7;;

- Nouvrf-aojht jhbêrjfur 1 @d surbdnf surbdnf hfttf if nouvrf aojht jhbêrjfurf jhbêrjfurf 1 ^n 3 (< (97 ,6  ;,;42< t  / cc 5  425;;; 4>9;9,>; ; t/c >5;;; cc = ώj 3 4>9;9,> Bj 3 ώj. Ϊ j / -5 Bj 3 4>9;9 4>9;9,>; ,>;Ü Ü >, >,5Ü4 5Ü4; ; 3 957,:> 957,:> t. Fh pùs if if `d pjçnf ë dssfce`fr, hous dvohs 5 nouvrf -aojhts du hjvfdu supêrjfur ft du hjvfdu jhb jhbêrjf êrjfur, ur, nf quj hous hous iohhf iohhf 5 p`dhs if brottfcfht i‚oú 1 BUY 3 BUY 3 5 x B U 3 4;679 ml34;,679t.. ml34;,679t. . Hocerf if eouòh 1 h ≦ Bj / BUY 3 957, 957,:> :> / 4;,6 4;,679 7939 39;, ;,65. 65. Oh vd vd prfhi prfhirf rf h 3 95 eouòh eouòhs. s. Fb Fbbo bort rtss pdr pdr eou` eouòh oh 3 Bj Bj / 95 3 957, 957,:> :> / 953 953 4;,5 4;,54 4 t 0 4;,6 4;,679 79 t.

Bjl.R.521nouvrf aojht aojht if `d sfcf``f sfcf``f jhbêrjfur jhbêrjfur  Rêrjbjndtjoh ifs nohtrdjhtfs 1 @d sfcf``f jhbêrjfurf êtdht tfhiu, f``f sfrd nd`nu`êf sous `‚fbbort 1 B 3 B D + ;,2 BE BD 1 pdrtjf if `‚fbbort trdhscjsf pdr `fs eouòhs ë gdutf rêsjstdhnf sjtuês dvdht `d sfntjoh nohsjiêrêf. BE 1 pdrtjf if `‚fbbort trdhscjsf pdr `fs eouòhs ë gdutf rêsjstdhnf sjtuês du irojt if `d sfntjoh.

- @d sfntjoh sfntjoh nohsjiêrê nohsjiêrê fst 1 ^ h 3 ^-h.i. ^-h.i.ff 3 57;;; 57;;; „ h.i.f. J` bdut vêrjbjfr quf 1

ώ 3 (BD + ;,2 BE) / ^h 0 ώf 3 5,24 t

- 7; -

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

[rocotjoh 5;;:

IJCFH^JOHHFCFHY CFHY IF RDUJDHYF RD UJDHYF UFYFHV UFYF HV IJCFH^JOHHF

Bjl.R.5>,4:

4,9;

BD (t) BE (t)

5B/5436,4;

> B/543,>2

>, ,>2

7, 77

47,772

5:,4;

>:,>4

9:,65

^h(cc5)

5 3 4;;MH 3 4; t  Fbbort iý du sêjscf @‚jhtfhsjtê iu sêjscf fst 1 ζG 3 ;,46 l 38 ζG 3 ;,4 :;,29 29 t. ;,46 6 x 2;9, 2;9,>5 >5 38 ζG 3 :;, ζR 3 ;,;5t.

L 1 @f pojis pojis propr proprff iu tde`j tde`jfr. fr. L 3 2;9, 2;9,>5 >5 t. Fbbort iý dux iêborcdtjohs G 3 L. .d.e / Y. 

ζ nfcfhtt cdxjcuc ζ 1 @f iêp`dnfcfh iêp`d cdxjcuc fst êld` êld` ë 9 nc. ζ

L 1 Coiu`f i‚ê`dstjnjtê trdhsvfrsd`f.

L 3 7 Ml/n Ml/ncµ cµ fbbft fbbft `fht `fht.. L 3 42 Ml/nc Ml/ncµµ fbbft fbbft jhstdh jhstdhtdh tdhê. ê. Oh oetjfht 1 Gζ 3 7 x 9 x 9; x 96 / :. Gζ 3 2,9 t.

-7:-

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

[rocotjoh 5;;:

FTVJ[FCFHY^ IF [OHY

RJ.5.5) Rêrjbjndtjoh ifs nohtrdjhtfs @jcjtdtjoh ifs nohtrdjhtfs if njsdj``fcfht





ô``jnjtdtjoh sous ngdrlf vfrtjnd`f ώ c 1 nohtrdjhtf if nocprfssjoh sous H cdx. Hcdx 3 >4;,6; t. ώc 3 Hcdx / d x e ≩ 46; ml/ncµ. ωH 3 4,6 x ώ c / ε ≩ > L. ωH1 nohtrdjhtf if njsdj``fcfht quj dppdrdèt du hjvfdu iu brfttdlf. ε 3 d x e / 5 t (d + e) 3 9; x 2; / 5 x 4,5 x (9; + 2;) 3 4;. ώc 3 >4;, >4;,6; 6; x 4; 4;> / 9;x 2;3 45:,>< ml/ncµ ≩ 46; Ml / ncµ. I‚ I‚oú oú 1 ωH 3 4,6 4,6 x 45:, 45:,>< >< / 4;3 4;3 4:,9 4:,9; ; Ml/n Ml/ncµ cµ ≩ ω 3 59 Ml/ncµ. 

Rêrjbjê. Rêrjbjê.

ô``jnjtdtjoh iuf ë uh iêp`dnfcfht gorjzo htd` ou ë uh fbbort gorjzohtd` 

ôus iêp`dnfcfht `fht

ωG4 3 L V4 / Y ≩ ;,6 L. ωG4 3 7 x 9/ : 3 >,6 >,6 Ml/n Ml/ncµ cµ.. ω G4 ≩ ;,6 x 7 3 9 Ml/ncµ. 

/ Y 1 gdutfur hfttf if `‚ê`d stocçrf

Rêrjbjê.

ôus uh fbbort iyhdcjquf (brfjhdlf)

ωG5 3 GD / d x e.

GD 3 4; t.

ωG5 34;9 / 9; x 2; 3 9,4 Ml / ncµ.

-:;-

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

[rocotjoh 5;;:

FTVJ[FCFHY^ IF [OHY

Iêborcdtjoh `fhtf + iêborcdtjoh rdpjif



J` bdut quf 1 ωG ≩ ;,< L. (>) ωG 3 ωG4 + ;,6 ω G5. ωG 3 >,6 + 9,4 x ;,6 3 6,6 Ml/ncµ ≩ ;, rdi (9) δY 3 rotdtjoh cdxjcd`f if `‚dppdrfj` i‚dppuj (fh sfrvjnf ë vjif). δY 3 δ; + δ

ft 1  Y 

C  h  t > Ld

6



e

222,>:  4; 6  7  4, 5 > 7  9; 6  2;



;,;47<

(6)

δ 3 ;,;46< rdi. ωδ 3 7 x (9;) 5 (;,;46) / 5 x (:,2)µ ( :,2)µ x 7 3 ;,42 Ml/ncµ.

J` bdut vêrjbjfr `fs no nohijtjohs hijtjohs sujvdhtfs 1 

ω 3 ω H + ωG + ωδ ≩ 6 L

ω 3 4:,9 4:,9 + 6, 6,66 66+ + ;,42 ;,423 3 56,4 56,44 4 Ml/n Ml/ncµ cµ ≩ 9; Ml/ncµ.



Rêrjbjê.

Nohijtjoh Nohijt joh if hoh hoh ngfcjhfcfht ngfcjhfcfht ft hoh hoh l`jssfcfht l`jssfcfht 1

ώcjh ≦ 5; Ml / ncµ.

(2)

G ≩ b. Hcjh. G3 MH Uc346; 577, 577,7: 7: t ώcjh 3577,7:.4; > / 9; x 2;. ώcjh 3 45;,>< 3 ;,4;9. b x Hcjh 3 ;,4; ;,4;9 9 x57 x577, 7,7: 7: 3> 3>; ; t3>;; t3>;; MH8G 3 46; 46; MH

Nohijtjoh if Nohijtjoh if hoh sou`çv sou`çvfcfht fcfht 1 ( ttµµ ώcjh / ε dµ L 3 > x (4,5) 5 x45;,>) Ijcfhsjohhfcfht ifs brfttfs Oh iojt vêrjbjfr `fs nohijtjohs sujvdhtfs 1 dx c . t s   x f t s



5 cc.

ώf 1 `jcjtf i‚ê`dstjnjtê fh trdntjoh if `‚dnjf r nohstruntjb ifs brfttfs. ώf 3 55;; Ml/ncµ (Dnjfr F59-41 f 0 >cc). (7) ts ≦ (9; x 45:,>6 ;,5>6 nc 35,>6 35,>6 cc ft ts ≦ 5 cc.

Oh prfhi 1 t s 3 > cc cc.. @d gdutfur totd` fst iohn cu`tjp`jêf pdr (f) pùs `‚êpdjssfur i‚uhf brfttf. Iohn `‚d ppuj sfrd iêsjlhê pdr `‚dppf``dtjoh 1 h 3 t + t s dv dvfn fn t 3 45 cc ft ts 3 > cc. cc.

Iohn Io hn 1 GYotd` 3 46 x 7 3 45; cc. Iohn `‚dppdrfj` i‚dppuj durd `fs ndrdntêrjstjqufs sujvdhtfs 1 9;; x 2;; x 7 ((4 46) 6)..

RJ.>) @fs iês i‚dppujs 1 RJ.>.4) RJ.> .4) Ijc Ijcfhs fhsjohh johhfcfh fcfhtt ifs p`dq p`dqufs ufs if l`jssf l`jssfcfht cfht 1 @fs iês i‚dppujs oht pour eut if ijbbusfr, ònd`jsfr ft if prêvojr i‚êvfhtuf``fs bjssurfs.

D 3 d + i d



i d 1 Iêp`dnfcfht idhs uh sfhs pdrd``ç`f ë `‚dxf if `‚ouvrdlf.

 i d  6; cc

i d 1 Iêp`dn Iêp`dnfcf fcfht ht idhs idhs `f sfhs sfhs oppo opposê. sê. E 3 e + i e





i e 1 Iêp`dnfcfht idhs sfhs pfrpfhijnu`djrf ë `‚dxf if `‚ouvrdlf

 i e  6; cc

i e 1 Iêp`dnfcfht idhs `f sfhs opposê d

ie+ Dppdrfj` i‚dppuj

i i

e

E

i i

[`dquf if l`jssfcfht ie5

id 5

id

5 6

D Bjl RJ RJ--2 1 `fs ijcfhsjohs if iês i‚dppuj [ourr u [ou uh h iêp` iêp`dnf dnfcfh cfhtt idhs idhs `fs `fs ifux ifux notês notês êld` êld` ë 4; nc 1 D 3 4;; + 6; + 9;; 3 66; cc E 3 4;; + 6; + 2;; 3 .5) Bfrrdj`` Bfrrdj``dlf dlf ifs iês i‚dppujs i‚dppujs 1 (support ifs dppdrfj`s dppdrfj`s i‚dppujs) i‚dppujs) @f ijcfhsjohhfcfht iu iê i‚dppujs soht D.E D.E.F .F 3 ((66; 66;..

; , ;596

Hr 1 fbbort fbbort horc horcd` d` ë `‚êtdt if rupturf. C 3 67: 67: 54 t. t.c c Cy 1 cocfht ë `‚êtdt if rupturf. ßw 1 rêsjstdhnf rêsjstdhnf iu eêtoh ë 57 aours. aours. Bj Bjl l RJJ RJJ.9 .9 1 ^ystçcf stdtjquf h , c y 1 fbbort jhtêrjfurs jhtêrjfurs rf`dtjbs rf`dtjbs sdhs sdhs ijcfhsjoh. ijcfhsjoh. Fh bohntjoh bohntjoh ifs vd`furs vd`furs oetfhufs, oetfhufs, oh tjrf ë pdrtjr if `‚dedquf if \d`tgfr `d vd`fur if ϊ 1 ϊ 3 ;,4>

Ft 1 B



 d  b e  G  w   e  G   w ;,4>  5  5  >;  B d    ;,;>: c 5  >:;nc 5



 b

9;;

ôjt 9: GD× >5 fs fspd pdnê nêff if if 4; nc. nc. ϊ 1 iflrê iflrê cêndhjquf cêndhjquf i‚drcdturf i‚drcdturf .

Bd 1 djrf totd`f if `‚drcdturf pdssjvf . ώb 1 nohtrdjhtf i‚ênou`fcfht nohvfhtjohhf``f if `‚drcdturf pdss jvf . ^fntjoh cjhjcd`f i‚drcdturf 1 > 5 Ds  ;,>6% D E  5,62  ; ,;;>6  7,:2  4;  c

 7:,2nc 5

(@d nohijtjoh fst vêrjbjf) vêrjbjf)

 drcd drcdtfur tfur trdhsvf trdhsvfrsd` rsd` Dt    Dt

D`

> >:;



Iohn

 4>;nc 5 .

> Oh prfhi prfhi ifs edrrfs edrrfs if GD42 , dvfn dvfn uh uh fspdnf fspdnfcfht cfht if 46 nc.

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

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JHBUD^YUVNYVUF

Bj Bjl lR RJJ JJ.6 .6 1 bfrrdj``dlf iu but if `d pj`f.

RJJ.4.2 RJJ.4 .2.5) .5) Bfr Bfrrd rdj` j``d `dlf lf if `d tát tátff if if pj` pj`ff « ng ngfvá fvátr trff ½ 1 @f bfrrdj``dlf if `d tátf if pj`f s‚fbbfntuê du hjvfdu if `d sfntjoh sfntjoh `d pùs so``jnjt so``jnjtêf êf ft nfttf ifrhjfr ifrhjfr fst `d sfntjoh sfntjoh i‚fhndstrfcfht iu no noh hso`f if ng ngfv fvát átrrf if ``dd pj pj`f 1 @d rêdntjoh i‚dppuj vfrtjnd`f cdxjcd`f sur `‚dppdrfj` i‚dppuj 1 U35 D>5. ^fntjoh cjhjcd`f i‚drcdturf 1 5 Ds  ;,>6% D E  ;,>6  4,6  65,6nc

Bj Bjl l RJJ. RJJ.2 2 1 `d sfntjoh if nohso`f if ngfvátrf.

5 5 i‚dnjfr ^fntjoh i‚dn jfr supêrjfur supêrjfur fst fst êld`f 1 Ds 36>,2nc 36>,2nc ≦65,6nc ôjt < GD>5 dvfn uh fspdnfcfht if 46nc. 46nc. @fs drcdturfs jhbêrjfurfs soht ifs drcdturfs nohstruntjvfs if ,2  6,>2nc 5 Dts  `  4; 4; ôjt 1 6 GD45 i‚fspdnfcfht if 5;nc.

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

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[rocotjoh 5;;:

JHBUD^YUVNYVUF

Bjl RJJ.< RJJ.< 1 bfrrdj``dlf if ngfvátrf.

RJJ.4.2.>) RJJ.4.2 .>) bfrr bfrrdj` dj``dl `dlff if bohi bohidtjo dtjoh h if `d pj` pj`ff @d sfcf``f sfrd bfrrdj``êf ë `‚fbbort horcd` cdx. H 1 fst uh fbbort fbbort if nocpr nocprfssj fssjoh, oh, oh d 1 H37>2,>: H37>2,>: t Oh utj`js utj`jsff `d cêtgoif cêtgoif ifs ifs e jf``fs jf``fs 1 `fs drcdtu drcdturfs rfs so soht ht iohhêfs iohhêfs pdr `fs borcu` borcu`fs fs sujvdh sujvdhtfs1 tfs1 H ( E  I ) Dt  7 dic  g D @



H ( @  I )

7 dic  g Dt 1 drc drcdtur dturff pdrd`` pdrd``ç`f ç`f ë `d `d `drl `drlfur fur if `d `d sfcf``f. sfcf``f. D @ 1 drc drcdtu dturf rf pdrd` pdrd``ç` `ç`ff ë `d ò òhl hlufu ufurr if `d sfcf` sfcf``f `f.. I 1 êpdjssfur if but. g1g gdut dutfur fur utj` utj`ff 3 ( gs- fhroe fhroedlf dlf)) s 3



cjh 5 / > b f = cdx ;, 6  b f =44; b ta

  ,  3 4,2 pour GD, b

t573

5,9 C[d

Iohn 1  s 3546,66 C[d [our `f bfrrdj``dlf supêrjfur, oh prêvojt 4/> iu bfrrdj``dlf jhbêrjfur.

Drcdtur Drcd turff trd trdhsv hsvfrsd frsd`f `f jhbêrjfu jhbêrjfurf rf 1 H ( E  I ) 7,57(6  5)  4;;  4>5,44nc 5  Dt  7 dic  g 7  546,66  4,46 @d sfntj sfntjoh oh pdr cç cçtrf trf `jhdj `jhdjrf rf fst iohn iohn 1 4>5,44 Dt   42,64nc 5 ôjt ojt 1 2 GD5; 7 @fs drcdturfs supêrjfurfs supêrjfurfs trdhsvfrsd`fs trdhsvfrsd`fs êld` fs ë 2 GD45 Drcdturf òhljtuijhd`f 1 H ( @  I ) 7, 57(7  5)  4;; D @   529,55nc 5  7 dic  g 7  546,66  4,46 @d sfntjoh sfntjoh pdr cçtrf `jhêdjrf `jhêdjrf fst ioh iohnn 1 D @  529 ,55  65,79nc 5 ôjt 1 < GD>5 6 @fs drcdturfs supêrjfurfs òhljtuijhd`fs êld`fs ë e.i Dcjh

b ta b f

 ;,5>  4;;(nc )  45; (nc )

5,9 9;;

 42,62nc 5 Ioh Iohnn `d nohijtj nohijtjoh oh if if hoh brdl brdlj`j j`jtê tê fst fst vêrjbjêf. vêrjbjêf.

Bj Bjl l RJJ RJJ.7 .7 1 bfrrdj``dlf if `d sfcf``f if `d pj`f.

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

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[rocotjoh 5;;:

JHBUD^YUVNYVUF

RJJ.5) Ftuif if `d nu`êf @d nu`êf fst `‚uh ifs ê`êcfhts prjcorijdux if `‚ouvrdlf ft f``f rdnnorif `‚ouvrdlf du tfrrdjh hdturf` ft `d nohtjhujtê fhtrf `d ngdussêf if `d routf ft nf``f portêf pdr `f poht. prolrfssjvf cfht, j` rêsu`tf i‚uhf dhd`ysf fhlòedht . @f ngojx if `d nu`êf pfut sf bdjrf prolrfssjvfcfht,  @d hdturf ft `f coif if nohstruntjoh iu tde`jfr.  

@fs nohtrdjhtfs hdturf``fs if sjtf. @fs nohtrdjhtfs bohntjohhf``fs if `‚ouvrdlf.

RJJ.5.4) Jcp`dhtdtjoh ifs nu`êfs 1 „ nùtf @d gdutfur if `d nu`êf sfrd êvdùfr êvdùfr pdr `d borcu`f sujvdhtf1 sujvdhtf1 G nu`êf 3 nùtf nùtf proaft „ nùtf bohidtjoh. @‚fhsfce`f ifs notfs iêbjhjssdhts `d posjtjoh ifs nu`êfs fst cfhtjohhêf idhs `f tde`fdu sujvdht 1 Iêsjlhdtjoh

Nu`êf4

Nu`êf5

[ojht mjòcêtrjquf

;;+>5<

;;+9;<

Nùtf proaft proaft (c)

6;:,; nc du-if`ë if 5,;; c if gdutfur

Iohn F3 >; nc  @ohlufur 1 fst nf``f iu tde`jfr 3 2 c.

5- Cu Curr if if bro broht ht 1 poutrf +`d id``f + `‚dppdrfj` `‚dppd rfj` i‚dppuj+iê  Gdutfur 1 G 3 gdutfur if `d nu`êf „ gdutfur if (`d poutrf+`d i‚dppuj) 34;,;5 34;,;5 „ „ 5,>63 5,>63 -

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JHBUD^YUVNYVUF

>- ôccjfr i‚dppujs 1  @drlfur 1 ^ 3 4,5;c.  @ohlufur 1 6,2c . Dvfn uhf pfhtf trdhsvfrsd`f if 2%

9- @d sfcf` sfcf``f `f 1  Fpdjssfur 1 4,5;c.  

@drlfur 1 2,6c. @ohlufur 1 4;c  Dhnrdlf 1 ;nc (vd`fur cjhjcd`f pour uh bfrrdj``dlf ft uh eêtohhdlf norrfnts) ft 96nc. (9) Iohn idhs hotrf proaft oh vd prfhirf 96nc Ft if òhlufur if >,5 >,5 c ft gdutfur gdutfur if if 4;,;5c. 4;,;5c. 2- Id``f if if trdhsjtjoh trdhsjtjoh 1 @d id``f if trdhsjtjoh prêsfhtf `d cácf ijcfhsjoh trdhsvfrsd`f quf `f cur ldrif lrçvf. @d òhlufur òhlufur sf iohhf iohhf pdr `d borcu`f sujvdhtf sujvdhtf 1 @ 3 cjh (2c, cdx (>c, ;,2G)) G 1 gdutfur if if rfce`djs 3 G (cur (cur if broht + cur cur ldrif lrçvf) lrçvf) 3 4;,;; c. Iohn Io hn 1 @ 3 2 c. c. F``ff fst no F`` nou`ê u`êff sur uh eêtoh eêtoh if if proprftê proprftê dvfn uh uhff êpdjssfu êpdjssfurr nohstdht nohstdhtff if >;nc, >;nc, ft dppuyê dppuyê sur `f norefdu, f``f fst cjsf fh p`dnf p`dnf dvfn uhf pfhtf if 4;%.

Bjl RJJ.: RJJ.: 1 noupf trdhsvfrsd`f trdhsvfrsd`f if `d nu`êf nu`êf

Bjl RJJ.4 RJJ.4; ; 1 noupf òhljtuijhd` òhljtuijhd`ff if `d nu`êf nu`êf

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

-4;9-

[rocotjoh 5;;:

JHBUD^YUVNYVUF

RJJ.5. RJJ .5.>) >) vê vêrj rjbjn bjndt dtjo joh h if ^t ^tde dej` j`jt jtêê ifs nu nu`êf `êfss 1 RJJ.5.>.4) Gypotg RJJ.5.>.4) Gypotgçsf çsf if nd`nu` nd`nu` 1 [our `d vêrjbjndtjoh vêrjbjndtjoh if stdej`jtê stdej`jtê if `d nu`êf oh bdjt `fs iêbêrfhts nds if n ocejhdjsohs ocejhdjsohs possje`f possje`f ifs iêvfrs so``jnjtdtjohs idhs `fs nohijtjohs horcd`fs ft idhs `fs nohijtjohs sjscjqufs ft oh vd prfhi `f nds `d pùs iêbdvorde`f. ξ

1 U [ojis [ojis voùcjq voùcjquf uf iu rfce`dj rfce`dj

ξE

1 [oj [ojis is voùcj voùcjquf quf iu eêtoh eêtoh

q 1 ûrng ûrngdrl drlff if rfce` rfce`dj dj 3 4 t/c t/c5 @f nofbbjnjfht if poussêf fst iohhê, pour `fs nohijtjohs sjscjqufs pdr `d borcu`f COHOHOEF-O COHOH OEF-OMDE MDEF F1 5

M di



nos (

)

(6) 5

 sjh( ). sjh(     )  5  4   . nos  nos( ). nos(  )    3>;» 1 dhl`f dhl`f if if brot brottfcfht. tfcfht. -  3;» 1 dhl`f dhl`f if `‚jhn`jhdjsoh `d sur surbdnf bdnf iu rfce`dj rfce`dj pdr rd pport ë `‚gorjzohtd`f . -  3 ;» 1 dhl`f if brottfcfht brottfcfht rfce`dj rfce`dj if nu`êf. nu`êf. -

-

m 

-



5

ζ G  (4  ζ R )

 Drntl

Dvfn 1

5

=

 G (4   R )

ζ G  ;,46

ζR

Nofbbjnjfht gorjzohtd`

 ;,;

5

;,46

+;,;>>

>

;

Nohijtjoh horcd`f tde`fdu du ifs nofbbj nofbbjnjfh njfhts ts if poussêf poussêf Yde Yd eR RJJ JJ.> .> 1 tde`f

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

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[rocotjoh 5;;:

JHBUD^YUVNYVUF

RJJ.5.>.5) @fs nocej nocejhdjsoh hdjsohss ifs ngdrlf ngdrlfss pour pour `fs vêrjb vêrjbjndtjohs jndtjohs if stdej`j stdej`jtê tê ifs ifs nu`ê nu`êfs1 fs1

@fs iêbêrfhts nds if nocejhdjsohs nocejhdjsohs possje`f idhs idhs `fs nds horcd` horcd` 1 Mi 3 ;,>>> D (@) Iêsjlhdtjoh

H (t)

tde`jfr

G (t)

Q (c)

C^ (t c)

464,;7

5,<

9;,66

77,5

Curf if broht

49;,4>

5,<

>,56

2>>,7

id``f trdhsjtjoh

4>,6

>,25

97,7<

pojis ifs tfrrfs tdòh

527,6>

9,:<

4>>9,2

pojis ifs tfrrfs pdtjh

56,5

4,;6

52,6

CU (t c)

surngdrlf iu rfce`dj

52,

6,25

46;,5

poussêfs tfrrfs

56;,2;

>,:,7

D (@)

2:,4<

brfjhdlf D (`)

5,< 7,:

4;;:,65

572,5>

472,75

sfcf``f

4:6

>,56

2>>,,6

>,25

97,7<

pojis ifs tfrrfs pdtjh

56,5

4,;6

52,92

pojis ifs tfrrfs tdòh

527,6>

9,:<

4>>9,6:94

CU (t c)

surngdrlf iu rfce`dj

52,

6,25

46;,5

poussêfs tfrrfs

56;,2;

>,:,7

En

:2

brfjhdlf En

5,< 4;

4;>2,>6

57>

56:,5

:,47

:4,7 >,:7

4474,7

Yde RJJ.61 nocejhdj nocejhdjsoh soh ifs ngdrlfs ngdrlfs dvfn `d surngdrlf surngdrlf En idhs idhs `fs nds horcd`

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

-4;64

Curf fh rftour

455,;2

9,:<

2;2,2>75

sfcf``f

4:6

>,46

249,56

id``f trdhsjtjoh

4>,6

>,25

97,7<

pojis ifs tfrrfs pdtjh

527,6>

9,:<

4>>9,6:94

pojis ifs tfrrfs tdòh

56,5

4,;6

52,92

CU (t c)

surngdrlf iu rfce`dj

52,

6,25

46;,5

poussêfs tfrrfs

56;,2;

>,:,7

Cn45;

45;,>9 4;2;,2:

5,< 5

>59,:5 >7>;,5;

Yde RJJ.21 nocejhdjsoh ifs ngdrlfs dvfn `d surngdrlf C n45; idhs `fs nds horcd`

4;:;,;

Nohnfptjoh ft `‚êtuif i‚uh poht ejpoutrf

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[rocotjoh 5;;:

JHBUD^YUVNYVUF

@fs iêb iêbêrf êrfhts hts nd ndss if noc nocejh ejhdjs djsohs ohs pos possje sje`f `f idh idhss `f nds sêj sêjscj scjquf quf 4 1 Mi 3 ;,99> ;,46 gorjzohtdux ;,;,66

:,>2

77,5

>9,7:

Curf if broht

49;,4>

54,;5

5,<

6,;:

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9,:<

2,;2

2;2,2

44;,:6

sfcf``f

4:6

;,;;

>,56

;,2

2>>,7

;,;;

id``f trdhsjtjoh

4>,6

5,;56

>,25

4;,><

97,7<

54

pojis ifs tfrrfs tdòh

527,6>

;,;;

9,:<

;

4>>9,2

;,;;

pojis ifs tfrrfs pdtjh

56,5

;,;;

4,;6

;

52,6

;,;;

surngdrlf iu rfce`dj

;

>>,4:

;

6,25

;,;

472,6>

poussêfs ifs tfrrfs

;

>44,4<

;

6,25

;,;

4

;,;;

5,<

;

>;,6:

;,;;

sêjscf CLL+norefdu

4,72>,66

;

2,2

;,;;

^êjscf sur curf brohtd`f

4;,6;:,25

;

>,22

;,;;

sêjscf sur C fh rftour

:,4696

;,;;

9,:<

;

96,6

;,;;

En

:2

5,<

;

56:,5

;,;;

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Cocfht iý ë `d poussêf ifs ngdrlfs ònd`fs1

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Conception Et Étude D - Un Pont

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