Compressor

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General Description

A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. Reciprocating compressor or well-known as piston compressor is one of the earliest compressor designs, but it remains the most versatile and is still a very efficient compressor. The piston compressor moves a piston forward in a cylinder via a connecting rod and crankshaft. If only one side of the piston is used for compression, it is described as single acting. If both sides of the piston, top and underside are employed, it is double acting. The configuration of a piston compressor can be a single cylinder for low pressure/low volume to a multi-stage configuration cable of compressing to very high pressure. In these compressors, air is compressed in stages, increasing the pressure before entering into the next stage to compress the air into even higher pressure.

Compression capabilities: CompAir's Piston range operates between 0.75 kW to 420 kW (1hp to 563hp) producing working pressure at 1.5 bar to 414 bar (21 to 6004psi). Typical types of applications: Gas compression (CNG, Nitrogen, Inert gas, Landfill gas), High Pressure (Breathing air for SCUBA SCBA cylinders, Seismic surveying, Air blast circuit), P.E.T bottling, Engine start, Industrial

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Description of parts and each works

1

Cyilinder

2

Inlet valve :

3

Exhaust valve

4

Piston

5

V-belt

6

Engine

7

Tank

Step Work Compressor : 1

Suction step The engine use the electrical power to rotate the pulley which connect with v-belt and rotate the crank shaft. Because of crank shaft’s rotation the piston inside the cylinder will move from above death point to bottom death point, so the inlet valve will be opened and it cause the air enter to cylinder.

2

Compression step The compression step occurs when the piston moves from bottom dead point to above dead point. The inlet and exhaust valve is closed. So the air are compressed inside the cilynder

3

Step Out After the air has been compressed the exhaust valve will be opened. And the compressed air will enter into the tank.

C. Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of Reciprocating Compressor ;

Easy to install

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Simple design

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Lower cost

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Large range of horse power

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Can reach high pressures

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High efficiency for two stage compressors

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Especially useful for low to moderate flow rates, low molecular weight gases, and high required discharge pressures

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Easily multi-staged

Disadvantages of Reciprocating Compressor ;

Low capacity

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Low reliability due to many wearing parts

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High maintenance required

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Little flexibility in material choices

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Pulsation and unbalanced forces created by reciprocating motion

C

Compare between reciprocating and rotary screw compressor Reciprocating

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Cost advantage as a single-acting, air cooled unit below 30 hp.

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Double-acting units used above 250 psig and in nonlubricated applications.

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Normally used for heavy-duty, continuouse service.

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High overall efficiency.

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Operates efficiently at partial loads.

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Saves horsepower in no-load conditions.

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High initial and maintenance costs.

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Large sizes require heavy foundations

Rotary screw ;

Used more in 150 psig, lubricated air systems above 30 hp.

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Used for constant-volume, variable-pressure applications.

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Oil or water is used for sealing and cooling.

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Must vent reservoir to lower power consumption when unloaded.

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Delivers high air volume in a compact space.

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Smooth, pulse-free output.

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Easy to install and maintain.

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Low vibration.

E. Application ;

In pipeline transport of purified natural gas from the production site to the consumer, a compressor is driven by a gas turbine fueled by gas bled from the pipeline. Thus, no external power source is necessary.

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Petroleum refineries, natural gas processing plants, petrochemical and chemical plants, and similar large industrial plants require compressing for intermediate and end-product gases.

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Refrigeration and air conditioner equipment use compressors to move heat in refrigerant cycles (see vapor-compression refrigeration).

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Gas turbine systems compress the intake combustion air.

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Small-volume purified or manufactured gases require compression to fill high pressure cylinders for medical, welding, and other uses.

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Various industrial, manufacturing, and building processes require compressed air to power pneumatic tools.

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Some aircraft require compressors to maintain cabin pressurization at altitude.

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Some types of jet engines—such as turbojets and turbofans)—compress the air required for fuel combustion. The jet engine's turbines power the combustion air compressor.

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in SCUBA diving, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and other life support devices, compressors put breathing gas into small volume containers, such as diving cylinders.[15] [16]

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In surface supplied diving, an air compressor frequently supplies low pressure air (10 to 20 bar) for breathing.

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Submarines use compressors to store air for later use in displacing water from buoyancy chambers to adjust depth.

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Turbochargers and superchargers are compressors that increase internal combustion engine performance by increasing the mass flow of air inside the cylinder, so the engine can burn more fuel and hence produce more power.

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rail and heavy road transport vehicles use compressed air to operate rail vehicle or road vehicle brakes—and various other systems (doors, windscreen wipers, engine, gearbox control, etc.).

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Service stations and auto repair shops use compressed air to fill pneumatic tires and power pneumatic tools.

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Fire pistons and heat pumps exist to heat air or other gasses, and compressing the gas is only a means to that end.

F. Maintenance ;

Always dry your compressor tank from moisture or water in it. Your compressor tank collects moisture from the air in the compression - especially if you live in a humid climate. Most tanks have a valve to drain the tank of water vapor. Before drying the tank of water vapor make sure you release the air pressure in your compressor tank.

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Always follow the manual guide of the Air Compressor you buy In the manual there is always the simple tips for you to help you get your compressor robustness and durability - something simple but very helpful for the treatment of your compressor.

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Clean the air inlet pipe to the compressor Make sure you always keep the air inlet pipe (Air Intake) as clean as possible and on a regular basis if your compressor operating in dusty or dirty environments.

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Toward Tightening Bolts and Nuts closed valve on your compressor

Komperesor your air is the machine, walking and shaking and it will make all the bolts / nuts, screws and valve caps that exist in your compressor engine loose. Make sure to periodically check on the item and tighten it if you find the loose. ;

Check your compressor hose regularly Check the air compressor hose on a regular basis because they were massive veins on your compressor. If the air hose ratak, corroded would be leaked and then it will add to the load on some of the components are not semestinnya mensin your compressor.

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Test the safety shutdown system You may possess a compressor shutdown safety system, the function of the system is shut off your compressor if your compressor engine to overheat during operation, or if the engine oil pressure on your compressor to be too low. This test can make the life of your compressor longer operational.

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Replace the air filter if needed Dirty air filters can damage your compressor. replace the air filter your compressor stiap 6 months or more if the compressor is rarely used.

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Clean the Fuel Tank Always regularly to clean the fuel tank your compressor engine, It is dat adds life use your compressor.

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check and change the oil in the compressor If you are running a compressor that uses oil periodically make sure you change the oil on your komproser, replacement can be done every 500-1000 hours of operating your compressor.