Completo El Ciclo Logístico

 

HB MOMBF BFCÁ]\OMF FYHWN\OPF

 

H]@XHW[F BFCÁ]\OMF FYHWN\OPF

]O]\HAN f AÏ\FLF (LOWHMMOÝD)

@XDMOFDH] LH LOWHMMOÝD

HBHAHD\F] (ANCDO\XL)

HBHAHD\F] @XDMOFDNBH] BFCÁ]\OMF]

YWFMH]F LH WH]FBXMOÝD (]HD\OLF)

MOMBF BFCÁ]\OMF

FWCNDF LH HKHMXMOÝD (Y\F. LH NYBOMNMOÝD) YWFGBHAN BFCÁ]\OMF FYHWN\OPF

FWCNDF] LH NYF_F BFCÁ]\OMF

 

HB MOMBF BFCÁ]\OMF ‒YWFMH]F AH\ÝLOMF _ FWLHDNLF ^XH LHGH ]HCXOW \FLN NMMOÝD BFCÁ]\OMN WH]FBX\OPN YNWN LNW LNW ]FBXMOÝD N XD YWFGBHAN AOBO\NW YBND\HNLF‑.

ÝWCNDF] LH NYF_F

    D 

    Ý     O (\rnds`franr)    M     D     H     \     G    F

WHMXW]F]

L    O   ]   \    W    O   G    (Enmhr Bbhcnr) X     M    O   Ý     D       @XHW[N] 

LH\HWAODNMOÝD DHMH]OLNLH] (Mnbmubnr yLH Lh`odor)

 

MOMBF BFCÁ]\OMF HD BN \HFWÁN HMFDÝAOMN GFLHCN] AN_FWO]\N]    N     W     X     \     B    M     X     O     W    C    N     -     N     O     W     \    ]     X     L     D     O

M    F    A    H    W    M    O   F   

MFD]XAOLF W

MNYO\NBH] AHWMNLF

\HFWÁN HMFDFAOMN LH BF] \WH] @NM\FWH] LHB ‒MOMBF HMFDÝAOMF‑

 

BN LH\HWAODNMOÝD LH DHMH]OLNLH] ‒NMMOÝD LH MNBMXBNW _ LH@ODOW BN] DHMH]OLNLH] LH AHLOF] BFCÁ]\OMF] YNWN BN WHNBO[NMOÝD LH XDN NM\OPOLNL AOBO\NW‑.

LH\HWAODN DHMH]OLNLH]

LO]YFDOGOBOLNL LH WHMXW]F]

 NGN]\

@XHW[N FY.   (Ahlofs)

AND\F

YHW]

]ND

\WND]

FG\HDMOÝD L O ]  ] \ W  O G G X    M  O  Ý D D  

FWCNDF] NYF_F BFC.

‒\FLF YBNDHNAOHD\F BFCÁ]\OMF H]\N GN]NLF HD XDN LH\HWAODNMOÝD LH DHMH]OLNLH]‑.

OD]\NB

MFA

 

LH\HWAODNMOÝD LH DHMH]OLNLH] HB ANDLF

> .-

B N LH LH\HWAMFD ODN DNMO MOÝ ÝD LH LH NDH DXD HMH MH] ]OL OLN N  L H]YWHWWFCN\OPN  LH AH LH AHLOF], BFCÁ]\OMF] WHBNMOÝD H]  YBND  @XDMOÝD  _  _ WH]YFD]NGOBOLNL  LHB  LHB ANDLF .

7.-7.

HB AND NDLF LF CF CFGO GOHW HWDN DN HB MO MOMB MBF F BF BFCÁ CÁ]\ ]\OM OMF F FY FYHW HWN\ N\OP OPF F N  \WNPH] LH BN] DHMH]OLNLH].

‒DNLN LHGH ]HW FG\HDOLF ]O ND\H] DF EN ]OLF H]\OANLF MFAF DHMH]NWOF‑ .

 

MNWNM\HWÁ]\OMN] LH BN LH\HWAODNMOÝD LH DHMH]OLNLH] BN HUNM\O\XL

FY\OAO[NW HAYBHF LH WHMXW]F]

HWWFW YFW HUMH]F

LHWWFMEH

HWWFW YFW LH@HM\F

@NB\N LH AHLOF]

Nlhmunr bns DHMH]OLNLH] n bfs WHMXW]F] LO]YFDOGBH]

HB WHNBO]AF

HMFDFAÁN LHB H]@XHW[F M. LH NMMOÝD

MFDPHDOHD\H @NM\OGBH NMHY\NGBH

Ahdfr hapbhf lh rhmursfs (Mfstf / H`hmtovolnl)

 

\ÏMDOMN LHB MÎBMXBF LH LH\HWAODNMOÝD LH DHMH]OLNLH] XDN DHMH]OLNL (D) H]\N ]OHAYWH YWFLXMOLN YFW XDN NM\OPOLNL (N)   LH]NWWFBBNLN YFW XD HBHAHD\F   FYHWN\OPF (H)   ^XH FWOCODN XD MFD]XAF (M)  HD  HD XDN] MOWMXD]\NDMON] ([)   LNLN].

D 1 @ (H, N, M, [) HBHAHD\F FYHWN\OPF (@uhrzn)

]XKH\F MFD]XAOLFW ANCDO\XL LH BN @XHW[N EXANDF] ;

+ E79

+

XDOLNLH]

XDOLNL GÎ]OMN MFD]XAOLFWN

H @ H M \ O P F ]

NWANAHD\F ; XDOLNLH] AFPOBH] ;

HB HBHAHD\F FYHWN\OPF WHYWH]HD\N BN AHLOLN  LH  LH BN @XHW[N LH]CBF]NLN HD ]X] H@HM\OPF]

 

MFDMHY\F]  NM\OPOLNL  H] BN AHLOLN LHBLH \WNGNKF ^XH ]H LH YWHPHH EN LH WHNBO[NW HB ]XKH\F MFD]XAOLFW, H] LHMOW, MNLN XDF BF] H@HM\OPF] BN @XHW[N. POHDH WH@HWOLN N XD \OHAYF  F  F N XD H]YNMOF  (lostndmon)   (lostndmon) LH\HWAODNLF]  

ANCDO\XL PFBXAHD LH BF] H@HM\OPF].  \OHAYF ^XH ^XH LXWNWN BN NM\OPOLNL NM\OPOLNL  CWNLF LH NM\OPOLNL ; WHBNMOÝD HD\WH H@HM\OPF] _ NM\OPOLNL ]H LH@ODH MFDFMOHDLF

DXAHWF ODLOMNLFW LH BF] H@HM\OPF] YFW HB PNBFW LHB \OHAYF F LO]\NDMON] YWHPO]\N]. (Nmtovolnl vnbfrnln quh lhphdlh lh bn aosoýd).

 @NM\FW LH MFDPHW]OFD ; H] HB DXAHWF ^XH MFDPOHW\H BF] ‒H@HM\OPF]‑   HD ‒CWNLF] LH NM\OPOLNL‑. HB @m. WHYWH]HD\N HB PNBFW LHB \OHAYF F BN LO]\NDMON YWHPO]\F] HD BN NMMOFD LH XD LH\HWAODNLF HBHAHD\F FYHWN\OPF. NB AXB\OYBOMNWBF YFW HB DXAHWF LH H@HM\OPF], ]H FG\OHDH HB CWNLF LH NM\OPOLNL.

Cn 1 H x @m. HKHAYBF] LH HUYWH]OFD LH CWNLF] LH NM\OPOLNL. - H@HM\OPF] EXANDF]; EFAGWH] / LON. - H@HM\OPF] LH NWANAHD\F; AXDOMOÝD AODX\F] LH @XHCF / MNBOGWH GFMN LH @XHCF / AH]

 

LH@ODOMOFDH] MFD]XAF (M) H] HB @NM\FW ^XH EN LH \WND]@FWANW HB CWNLF LH NM\OPOLNL HD WHYWH]HD\N BF ^XH LHGH YWFYFWMOFDNW]H N MNLN H@HM\OPF YFW DHMH]OLNL  XDOLNL LH ;CWNLF LH NM\OPOLNL.

@NM\FW LH \WND]@FWANMOÝD

]H \WN\N LH XD

HB MFD]XAF (M) YXHLH MNBMXBNW]H YFW H@HM\OPF] F YFW NCWXYNMOFD LH H@HM\OPF]

DHMH]OLNL ; D 1 Cn x Mu DHMH]OLNL ; D 1 Cn x @p

MFD]XAF XDO\NWOF   (H`hmtovfs)  \OYF] LH @NM\FWH] LH  \WND]@FWANMOFD

@NM\FW LH YBNDHNAOHD\F   (Ncrupnmoýd lh h`hmtovfs)

 

MOWMXD]\NDMON] ([) PNWONGBH ^XH WH@BHKN BN OD@BXHDMON LH BN] MFDLOMOFDH] HD ^XH ]H YWFLXMH BN NM\OPOLNL FYHWN\OPN YWFPFMNLFWN LH BN] DHMH]OLNLH]. BF] CWNLF] LH NM\OPOLNL (CN)  _ BF] @NM\FWH] LH \WND]@FWANMOFD H]\ND HUYWH]NLF] HD BN] AO]AN] XDOLNLH] _ WH@HWOLN] N BN] AO]AN] MOWMXD]\NDMON]. ]H ENMH DHMH]NWOF OD\WFLXMOW XD DXHPF ‒@NM\FW AFLO@OMNLFW‑   ^XH PNBFWH BN OD@BXHDMON LH BN] DXHPN] MOWMXD]\NDMON] HD BN] DHMH]OLNL DHMH]OLNLH], H], ]H LHDFAODN; H]\OANMOFD YFDLHWNLN

@NM\FW LH KXOMOF N\WOGXMOFD LHB ANDLF

>.8 4 @k

4

9,3

MFD HB X]F LHB @k ]H FG\OHDH BN ]OCXOHD\H @FWAXBN CHDHWNB YNWN HB MNBMXBF LH DHMH]OLNLH] CBFGNBH]. D 1 Cn x @t x @k   @p f Mu  Q

(AH\FLF LH BF] \WH] @NM\FWH])

 

BN] WH]HWPN] BFCO]\OMN] HD BN LH\HWAODNMOFD LH DHMH]OLNLH]. HB @NM\FW LH ]HCXWOLNL (YFW ODMHW\OLXAGWH) HD BN LH\HWAODNMOFD LH DHMH]OLNLH] \FAN BN @FWAN LH MFD]\O\XMOFD MFD]\O\XMOFD LH WH]HWPN] BFCO]\OMN].

WH]HWPN] BFCO]\OMN] , BN] WHYWH]HD\ND MND\OLNLH] NLOMOFDNBH] LH AHLOF] ^XH ]H NCWHCND N @OD LH N]HCXWNW HB NYF_F BFCO]\OMF MXNDLF ]H YWHPHND MNAGOF] NLPHW]F] HD BN ]O\XNMOÝD.

WH]YFD]NGOBOLNLH] LHB   ANDLF  MFD  MFD WH]YHM\F N BN] WH]HWPN]

MFD]\O\XOW BN] WH]HWPN]   @OKNW ]X MXND\ON

 

BN FG\HDMOFD

>.OLHN] @XDLNAHD\NBH] 7.MNWNM\HWO]\OMN] _ YWODMOYOF] =. @NM\FWH] LH BN FG\HDMOFD FG\HDMOFD LHB AN\HWONB AN\HWONB . OLH OLHN] N] CHDHWNBH] CHDHWNBH] 7.YWODMOYOF] _ MNWNM\HWO]\OMN] =.@N]H] LH BN LO]\WOGXMOFD