Compilation of Quizzes (Histology)

Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan Dr. Jose P. Rizal School of Medicine COMPILATION OF LONG QUIZZES - HISTOLOGY The following are functions of the skeletal system, EXCEPT: A. Houses blood-forming tissue B. Stores uric acid crystals

C. Fat deposits D. Support and protection

Which of the following is true of compact bone? A. Abundant interconnecting cavities B. Organized circumferential lamellae

C. Volkmann’s canals contain yellow marrow D. Osteoblasts housed in lacunae

The following are descriptive of cancellous bone, EXCEPT: A. Trabeculated B. Contains numerous cavities

C. Main component of the epiphyses in mature bone D. Externally covered by cartilage

The following are descriptive of the osteoblast, EXCEPT: A. Synthesizes Type I collagen B. Cuboidal in shape when inactive

C. Parent cell of osteocyte D. Surface cell

The cartilage model in endochondral ossification is: A. Hyaline B. Fibrocartilage

C. Elastic

The following are true of osteocytes, EXCEPT: A. Abundant cytoplasmic processes B. Communicates via gap junctions

C. Lay down matrix in developing bone D. Single osteocyte found in each lacuna

The following are descriptive of the bone matrix, EXCEPT: A. High water content B. High collagen content

C. Calcium forms hydroxyapatite crystals D. Composed of 50% inorganic matter

Which of the following is NOT TRUE of bone repair? A. Bone matrix is destroyed B. Bone cells do not die

C. Formation of blood clots D. New bone is formed

The following form hydroxyapatite crystals in bone: A. Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Sodium B. Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium

C. Calcium, Phosphorus D. Calcium

D. Fibroelastic

During the rainy season, plasma concentration of Vitamin D is low because there is decreased: A. Hydroxylation of cholecalciferol to calcidiol B. Hydroxylation of calcidiol to calcitriol C. Conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol D. Binding of cholecalciferol to binding globulin Which of the following glycosaminoglycans are responsible for the basophilic stain of cartilage matrix in hematoxylin and eosin staining? A. Hyaluronic acid and Heparan sulfate C. Chondroitin and Keratan sulfates B. Dermatan and Keratan sulfates D. Chondroiton and Heparan sulfates The collagen fiber type abundant in fibrocartilage: A. I B. II

C. III

D. IV

Which of the following parts or structures seen in Hyaline cartilage is responsible for its appositional growth? A. Chondrocytes B. Territorial matrix C. Perichondrial cells D. Mesenchymal cells Which of the following is true of Elastic cartilage? A. Acidophilic matrix due to abundance of elastic fibers B. Absence of isogenous groups of chondrocytes C. Fresh specimens are yellow due to presence of elastin D. All laryngeal cartilages are elastic The firm gel-like property of cartilage results from which of the following? A. Abundance of collagen and elastic fibers C. Small population of chondrocytes B. Absence of blood vessels in the matrix D. Binding of water to glycosaminoglycans Which of the following characterizes osteoblast inactivity? A. Cuboidal shape B. Acidophilic cytoplasm

C. Basophilic cytoplasm D. Formation of isogenous groups

Death of the chondrocytes occurs in which of the following zones of developing bone? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Mineralization of bone matrix happens in which of the following? A. Intramembranous ossification C. Appositional growth B. Endochondral ossification D. Interstitial growth An increase in the following tends to increase plasma calcium level: A. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol C. Calcitriol and calcitonin B. PTH and calcitonin D. PTH, calcitriol, and calcitonin Which of the following is true of skeletal muscle? A. The thick filament are localized in the muscle tissue B. Single nucleus at the periphery of the cell C. Each fiber is covered by dense connective tissue D. Uniform size and shape cells Which of the following best describe the cardiac muscles? A. Presence of myosin filament cause cellular striation B. Absence of T tubular system C. Contains branching cells with spherical nucleus D. Pericytes are responsible for its regulation Which of the following structures present in the smooth muscle cell is analogous to the T tubules? A. Sarcoplasmic reticulum C. Junctional complex B. Caveloae D. Cytoskeleton Which of the following is true of the intercalated disc? A. Provide the means for action potential transmission B. Mainly comprise of gap junction C. Connects myosin filaments from one cell to the other D. Present in abundant numbers in each cardiac fiber In the skeletal muscle cell, the T tubules are found in the: A. I junction B. H band

C. M line

D. Z line

Which of these structures shorten during muscle contraction? A. Sarcomere, I band, H band, a band C. Sarcomere and I band B. Sarcomere I band and H band D. Sarcomere True of the skeletal muscle fiber: Multinucleated nuclei due to the fusion of cell precursors Endomysium of the of the muscle fiber mainly made up of: Reticular fibers and basal lamina Component of H band: Rod-like parts of myosin Membrane specialization that represents hemi-Z bands in cardiac muscle cells: Fascia adherentes True of smooth muscle cell in cross section: Central nucleus in largest cells 1.

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Which of the following is NOT characteristic of nervous tissue in the brain a. Has component cells designed for conductivity b. Contains cells with macrophage activity c. Exhibits regenerative capacities d. Contains lymphatic vessel The following are true regarding the cerebellar cortex EXCEPT a. Fiber tract and glial cells b. Densely packed small neurons c. Large motor neurns at the middle layer d. Perikarya and protoplasmic astrocytes Which of these is NOT true regarding structural features of the neuron? a. Large pale nucleus, prominent nucleoli b. Nissl bodies in perikarya, dendrite axon c. Neurofilaments, microtubules in cytoplasm d. Mitochondria, golgi body, lysosomes, actin around nucleus The type of neuron in the dorsal root ganglion a. Unipolar b. Bipolar c. Pseudounipolar d. Multipolar The main supporting cell in the white matter of the spinal cord a. Oligodendrocytes b. Astrocytes c. Microglia d. Schwann cell This cell is design for disposing foreign agents/debris caused by CNS injuries a. Oligodendrocytes b. Astrocytes c. Microglia d. Schwann cell Which of the following is least likely seen in the white matter, EXCEPT a. Bundle of nerve fibers b. Neuroglial cells c. Perikarya

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d. Satelite cells A microscopic slide shows large nerve cell bodies supported by a clear layer of flattened cells with some nerve fibers nearby: the spicemen is a section of the a. Cerebellum b. Autonomic ganglion c. Spinal ganglion d. Spinal cord Which of these is not present in a microscopic section of a nerve a. Myelinated axons b. Schwann cells and fibroblasts c. Capillaries, loose connective tissue d. Ganglion cell A neuron that sends fibers to an endocrine gland for its activity is a. Sensory b. Motor c. Interneuron d. Multipolar The following are true regarding astrocytes EXCEPT: a. Star shaped cell with radiating processes in the brain and spinal cord b. Communicate with each other via gap junctions c. Has no influence on neuronal activities and survival d. Provides mechanical support of neurons Which of these forms the main structural componet of the blood-brain barier a. Unfenestrated capillary endothelial cells b. Tight junctions between endothelial cells c. Thick basal lamina d. Astrocyte processes on capillaries Which of these is NOT true regarding the arachnoid membrane? a. The middle component of the meninges covering the brain and spinal cord b. A connective tissue without blood vessel c. Forms projections toward the outer meninges for CSF reabsorption d. Another name for it is leptominenges The following relates to the choroid plexus, EXCEPT a. Invaginated folds of pia mater lying in brain ventricles b. Has vascular loose connective tissue wit a layer of cuboidal cells c. Fills up the entire brain ventricles d. Eaborates cerebrospinal fluid Which of these is NOT correct regarding myelin in the PNS? a. Seves to insulate the nerve fiber b. Speeds up nerve conduction c. Layers of schwann cell membranes around axon d. Lamilae od schwann cell cytoplasm rotated on axon Which of the following is/are true regarding neural palsticity a. Seen in reorganization of neural circuits after injury b. Exemplified by increase in synaptic connections with mind training c. Controlled by growth factors released from neural supporting cells

d. All of the above 17. Which of the following does not belong to the central nervous system a. Cerebrum b. Medulla c. Crainial nerve nuclei d. Spinal cord 18. Which of the following are true regarding the autonomic nervous system, EXCEPT a. Component of the peripheral nervous system b. Two efferent neurons exist in the pathway c. All neurons in the pathway lie outside the brain and spinal cord d. No exception mentioned 19. Axosomatic synapse is formed between the termnal of one axon and the a. Terminal f anther axon b. Membrane of skeletal muscle c. Body of anther neuron d. Dendrite of another neuron 20. Which of the following best describes the histologic features of the central nervous system? a. Neuroglia have long processes for neural defense b. Neurons embedded in abundant matrix in the white matter c. Gray matter consist of nerve cells surrounded by neuroglia d. Whitish color of white matter is due to lipids in the matrix 21. Which of the following are the components of the hindbrain? a. Medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellum b. Cerebrum, thalamus, brainstem c. Spinal cord, pons , medulla d. Medulla, pons, midbrain 22. Which of the following is the main content of the white matter a. Unmyelinated axons, neuronal cell bodies b. Myelinated axons, oligoglia c. Dendrites, axon, glial cells d. Myelinated axons, perikaryon 23. Which of the following contains pseudo-unipolar neurons? a. Olfactory mucosa b. Cochlear ganglion c. Crainial ganglion d. Retina 24. Which of the following best describes the myelin sheath? a. Made up of a glycolipid complex b. Synthesized by Schwann and oligodendrocytes c. Formed from layering of neuronal membranes d. Covers the entire nerve when made 25. Which of the following membrane junctions play a role in blood-brain barrier formation a. Tight junction b. Desmosome c. Gapjunction d. Macula adherens

26. Which of the following is true of the meninges? a. Ined bys tratified epithelia b. All layers are highly vascular c. Entirely bathed in cerebrospinal fluid d. Made up of dense or loose connective tissue 27. Which of the following best describes the perikaryon? a. Contains acidophilic Nissl bodies b. Golgi complex-filled cytoplasm c. Spherical 1-2 nuclei, with prominent nucleoli d. Absence of pigments in the cytoplasm 28. Which of the following is true of the axon? a. Uniform length and diameter for all types of neurons b. Abundant ribosomes in the axoplasm c. Originates from an arborisation of the perikaryon d. Axomal cytoplasm contain smooth ER 29. Which of the following describe the oligodendrocytes a. Absence of intermediate filaments in cytoskeleton b. Larger than astrocytes c. Neuroendodermal in origin d. Interfascicular type is found only in the gray matter 30. Which of the following is the main differentiating functional characteristic between Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes? a. Myelination of internodes b. Number of processes present c. Speed of myelination d. Connection with myelin sheath 31. Which of the following primarily forms the choroid plexus? a. Pia matter b. Loose connective tissue c. Fenestrated capillaries d. Simple epithelial folds 32. The connective tissue fiber which makes up the endoneurium a. Reticular b. Collagen c. Elastic d. Elastic and collagen 33. The somatic nervous system innervates a. Smooth muscle b. Cardiac muscle c. Skeletal muscle d. Gland cells 34. Which of the following best differentiates the somatic nervous system from the autonomic nervous system a. The transmitter of the somatic nervous system is acetylcholine b. The ganglia of the autonomic nervous system are found outside the CNS c. The nerve fibers of the somatic nervous system are myelinated

d. The autonomic nervous system functions during emergency situations 35. Which if the following best explains why there are only 14 white rami communicates on each side of the body a. They are confined with the structures of the upper and lower limbs b. They accompany the spinal nerves as they exit from the spinal cord c. They are limited to the thoracolumbar levels of the spinal cord 36. Which of the following is most likely to happen to a preganglionic fiber arising from T5-T9 when it enters the sympathetic chain? a. It will go up the chain and synapse at higher levels b. It will synapse at the level in which it enters c. It will not synapse and will exit as preganglionic fibers d. It will go down the chain and synapse at lower levels 37. Which of the following meninges contribute to the formation of the choroid plexus? a. Pia mater b. Dura mater c. Dura-arachnoid d. Arachnoid mater 38. Which of the following is/are the function/s of the astrocytes a. Myelin formation and macrophagic activity b. Lining epithelium of cavities of CNS c. Growth factor secretion d. Cushion flow of cerebrospinal fluid 39. Which of the following cytoplasmic organelles are numerous in the axon terminals a. Nissl bodies b. Golgi complex c. Polyribosomes d. Mitochondria 40. Which of the following structures are found in the peripheral nervous system a. Nucleus, neuroglia b. Fiber tracts, myelin sheaths c. Nerve amphicytes d. Oligoglia, choroid plexus 41. The morphologic description of most of the neurons in crainial ganglia a. Multipolar b. Pseudounipolar c. Bipolar d. Unipolar 42. Which of the following parts of the axon does myelination begin a. Axon hillock b. Initial segment c. Axolemma d. Axoplasm

1.) Which of the following is not true of the juxtaglomerular cells? A. Modified smooth muscle cells B. Seen in the intima of afferent glomerular anterioles C. Enzyme secreting cells D. Part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus 2.) The following are true of the urinary bladder, EXCEPT: A. Glands in the submucosa B. Three layers thick muscularis C. Mucosa arranged into folds D. Collagenous tissue in the adventitia 3.) The following are structural similarities of the male and the female urethra EXCEPT A. Both are generally lined by transitional epithelium B. Mucus secreting glands of Littre in the mucosa C. A distinct submucosal layer is noted in both D. Loose connective tissue in the lamina propria 1. These cells of the respiratory epithelium are characterized by presence of microvilli and afferent nerve endings: A. Ciliated columnar C. Brush B. Basal D. Granule 2. Which of the following is true of the larynx? A. Elastic fibers & mixed glands in the lamina propria B. Smooth muscle fibers in the mucosa C. Ciliated cubodial epithelium D. Abundant Clara cells in the submucosa 3. Which of the following least likely describes the bronchi? A. Cartilage embedded in loose connective tissue B. Smooth muscle tissue in the lamina propria C. Simple columnar ciliated epithelium D. Lymphatic tissue are prominent where the bronchi branches 4. Alveoli are absent in which of the following A. Terminal bronchiole C. Alveolar duct B. Respiratory bronchiole D. Alveolar sac 5. In which part of the respiratory tree are Clara cells abundant? A. Terminal bronchiole C. Ordinary bronchiole B. Respiratory bronchiole D. Intrapulmonary bronchus 6. Which of the following components of the cardiac skeleton forms primarily the cuspal area of the aortic valve? C. Annuli fibrosi C. Septum membranaceum D. Trigonum fibrosum D. Musculi pectinati 7. Which of the following is the main component of the valves? A. Dense connective C. Adipose B. Endocardium and connective tissue D. Loose 8. Which of the following is true of the function of the pericardium? A. Limits distention of the heart during systole B. Aids in anchoring the heart C. Creates friction between heart and lungs

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D. Pericardial fluid moistens the mucous layer pericardium Which of the following is true of the myocardium? A. Sarcosplasmic reticulum do not form terminal cisternae B. Sarcosplasmic reticulum and T tubules form a triad C. Sarcosplasmic reticulum are best developed in the cardiac muscle D. Atrial muscle cells are larger than in the ventricles Which of the following best describes the Purkinje cells? A. Linear arrangement attached by intercalated discs B. Smallest myocardial cell C. Structure is intermediate between P and T cells D. Forms the bulk of the heart Which of the following is true of the ordinary myocardial cells? A. Several subtypes B. Fully automatic C. Have features & properties similar to skeletal muscles D. A true anatomic syncytium Which of the following physiologic properties is well-developed in nodal tissues? A. Autorhythmicity & conductivity B. Conductivity & contractility C. Contractility & excitability D. Excitability & autorhythmicity Which of the following membrane junctions are abundant in the transverse portions of the intercalated discs? A. Fascia adherents & desmosomes B. Desmosomes & gap junctions C. Gap junctions & fascia adherents D. Desmosomes & gap junctions In which part of the endocardium are loose connective and Purkinje fibers found? A. Subepicardium C. Subendocardium B. Myocardium D. Epicardium The SA node is the normal pacemaker of the heart because; A. Its pacemaker cells are located centrally B. It generates action potentials spontaneously C. It is located at the highest portion of the heart D. It has the fastest rate of spontaneous impulse generation Jasmine is diagnosed to have a sick sinus node. Which of these structures will most likely take over as the pacemaker of her heart? A. AV node C. Left bundle branch B. Bundle of His D. Terminal Purkinje network Which of the following associations between structures and their main cell components is correct? A. SA node-purkinje cells C. Internodal tracts-P cells B. AV node-transitional cells D. Bundle of His-working cells Impulse conduction is fastest in the: A. AV node C. AV bundle and branches B. Intermodal tracts D. Ventricular muscles\

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Which of the following is true of the osteoblast? A. Synthesizes type 1 collagen deposited in bone matrix B. Stellate in shape during its active phase C. Several osteoblast coalesce from osteoclast D. Household in lacunae like the osteocytes Which of the following best describes the periosteum? A. Made up of an outer layer of collagen fibers and fibroblasts B. Endosteal collagenous fibers penetrate the substance of the matrix C. Its inner layer is contains multilayers of osteoblasts D. Inner and outer layers contain elastic connective tissue Which of the following is true of the osteon? A. Bounded circumferentially by inner lamellae B. Its central canal is lined by endosteum C. Haversian lamellae are equidistant to each other D. All osteon are formed at the same time during ossification Which of the following is true of intramembranous ossification? A. Has an intervening cartilaginous step B. Begins with differentiation of mesenchymal tissue C. Responsible for the growth in length of bones Which of the following regarding epiphyseal cartilage zones in endochondral ossification is true? A. Resting zone- active dividion of chondrocytes B. Ossification zone- progenitor cells deposit matrix C. Proliferative zone- columnar stacking of chondrocytes D. Hypertrophic zone- chondrocytes unite to form giant cells Which of the following associations between cartilage and collagen type is true? A. Hyaline – II and III B. Elastic- II C. Fibrocartilages – III D. Hyaline- I Which of the following is true of appositional growth of cartilage? A. Results from differentiation of chondroblasts B. Secondary to chondrocyte mitosis C. Occurs during early stage of cartilage formation D. Provides the model for endochondral ossification Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by A. Cartilage B. Ligaments C. Tendons D. Fasciae