comparative Police System

COMPARAT COMPARATIVE IVE POLICE SYSTEM 

Comparative - Denotes the degree or grade  by which a person, thing, or other  entity has a property or quality greater or less in extent than that of another.

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Police - A police service is a public force empowered to enforce the law and to ensure public and social order through the legitimied use of force. “Police is the public and the public is the police”-  !ir "obert Peels

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!ystem - A combination of related elements that is functioning as a whole in order to achieve a single goal or ob#ective.

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Comparative Police !ystem - Process of outlining the similarities and differences of one police system system to another another in order to discover insights in the field of international policing. $t is the science and art of investigating and comparing the police system of nations. $t covers the study of police organiations, trainings and methods of policing of various nations.

hy Compare!  

Crime has become a global  a global  phenomenon.  phenomenon. bilateral ral and  %ransn ansnat atio iona nall crim crimes es cros crosss bord border erss and and the the need eed for for bilate international cooperation  become imperative.

"O TO COMPA CO MPARE! RE!  SAFARI  SAFARI METHOD  researcher #isits another country. country. O!!O"ORATI#E METHOD  researcher comm$nicates with foreign researcher  T"EORIES I% POLICI%& SYSTEM "OMER'LE T"EORY CO%TI%E%TAL T"EORY Police Policemen men are ser#ant of higher • Polic Policeme emen n are are ser#a ser#ants nts of the the • comm$nity a$thority . %hey #ust follow the wishes of top • Effec fecti#e i#eness ess of polic oliceemen men • depends depe nds on the e(press e(press )ishes )ishes official of the government of the people* CO%TI%E%TAL+ OL, MO,ER% SYSTEM POLICI%&  The yardstic- of the efficiency  %he yardstic& of police efficiency of the police is determined .y is the absence or lesser occurrence the n$m.er of arrest* of crimes.  P$nishment is the sole  Police omnipresence is considered as the tool or instrument in crime instr$ment of crime control*  prevention.

%'"(( !%)*(! + P+*$C$ /. Legalistic - $t emphasies on helping the community, as opposed to enforcing the law. 0. atchman - $t emphasies on informal means of resolving disputes. 1. Ser#ice - $t emphasies the use of threats or actual arrests to solve disputes.

&lo.ali/ation  $t is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. %his process has effects on the envi enviro ronm nmen ent, t, on cult cultur ure, e, on poli politi tical cal syste systems ms,, on econo economi micc deve develo lopm pment ent and and  prosperity, and on human physical physical well-being in societies around the world. $t is a pac&age of translational flow of people, production, investment, information, ideas, and authority. 23. arcia4 0asic 1acts A.o$t the Continents Continent Land Area 2s3$are -m4 Asia 51,607,777 (urope /7,/67,777 Africa 17,187,777  orth America America 05,597,777 !outh America /8,657,777 Australia 9,776,:77 Antarctica /1,807,777 Effects of &lo.ali/ation to La) Enforcement Enforcement 2V* ,elos Santos4

/. %he facilitation of transnational crimes and criminals can be easily achieved. 0. %here is a need for transnational policing. %he cooperation among police organiations in the world is vital. 1. %raining instructions for incoming law enforcement officers must include advance computer to prepare them as cyber cops so they can be better prepared to deal with cyber crimes. 5. Development of new strategies to deal with international organied crimes is a must. :. Provisions of law enforcement with updated legislations related to moderniation theories of crime. Threats of glo.ali/ation on la) enforcement5 /. $ncre $ncreasi asing ng volu volume me of huma human n righ rights ts viol violat atio ion n evid eviden entt by geno genoci cide de or mass mass &illing. 0. %he %he unde underp rpri rivi vile lege ged d gain gain unfa unfair ir acce access ss to glob global al mech mechan anis ism ms on law law enforcement and security. s ecurity. 1. Conf Confli lict ct betw between een nati nation ons. s. 5. %ran %ransn snat atio iona nall crimi criminal nal netw networ or&s &s for for drug drug traff traffic ic&i &ing ng,, mone money y laun launde deri ring ng,, terrorism, etc.

Effects of glo.ali/ation on "$man Rights5 6 %he effect of globaliation on state-based human rights violations will depend on the type of state and its history. ; $n general, analysts of globaliation find that states< international integration improves security rights, but increases inequality and threatens the social rights and citiens. ; indings on the effectiveness of the international pressure on state human rights  policy suggests that target states must be structurally accessible, internationally  sensitive, and contain local human rights activists for linkage.

Theories of Comparati#e Policing 7* Alertness to crime theory* $s that as a nation develops, people and 254 bureaucratic societies, or modern post-industrial societies where the emphasis is upon technique or the ?technologiing@ of everything, with the government ta&ing the lead. Fol$-co%%unal societ& - has little codification of law, no specialiation among  police, and a system of punishment that #ust let things go for awhile without attention until things become too much, and then harsh, barbaric punishment is resorted to. Classic examples include the early "oman gentiles, African and 3iddle eastern tribes, and Puritan settlements in orth America. 'rban-co%%ercial societ&  has civil law 2some standards and customs are written down4, specialied police forces 2some for religious offenses, others for enforcing the Bing Fe /6 years of age or older> 3eet the requirements for the post as defined in the vacancy notice> 'ave a relevant degree, diploma or appropriate training 2for the ma#ority of  posts, this should be at the university level4> 'ave previous relevant professional experience> 'ave an excellent command of (nglish> a good &nowledge of rench is desirable and sometimes essential for certain posts> some &nowledge of the +rganiationLs other wor&ing languages 2!panish or Arabic4 is often helpful> $ndicate the level of command of each language when filling out the Application orm=   3other %ongue   Professional luency= Able to converse actively at high level of fluency and prepare reports and papers.   Hor&ing Bnowledge= Able to follow wor&-related discussions, use the telephone, and understand documents 2grammar may be uncertain4.   *imited Bnowledge= Able to understand simple conversations and written texts.   Fasic= !ome &nowledge, but unable to wor& in the language.   o s&ills Fe able to use modern computer technology> Fe able to adapt to a multicultural and multilingual wor&ing environment> 'ave the ability to wor& as a member of a team.

P"ILIPPI%E CE%TER O% TRA%S%ATIO%AL CRIME 2PCTC4 2E*O* have no  pending administrativeKcriminal cases in any bodyKtribunalKcourt. 5. o applicant should be a -itness to any administrativeKcriminal case, especially those covered by "epublic Act 9/J:, or a summary hearing officer with unresolved cases. TERM O1 ,EPLOYME%T All PP personnel who are deployed as part of the  Peace&eeping 3ission shall have one 2/4 year tenure, extendable to J months.

ASEA%APOL 2Asean Chief of Police4 Has established in /96/ and became the premier regional platform for all the heads of Asian national police forces to interact as well as to discuss, exchange views and update each other on the latest development in law enforcement and transnational issues in their respective countries. After 05 years, it has grown from : police chiefs to a solid force of the A!(A %(, signaling the emergence of a regional alliance that is determined to secure not only our own individual sovereignties but also the peace and progress of  our community. ASEA%APOL Mem.ers5 $ndonesia o o 3alaysia o Philippines o !ingapore %hailand o

o o o o o

Cambodia 3yanmar  *ao PD"  Gietnam Frunei Darussalam

hat are the o.Gecti#es of the ASEA%APOL! /. (nhancing police professionalism 0. orging "egional cooperation in police wor&  1. Promoting lasting friendship among the police officers of A!(A countries.

E'ROPIA% POLICE O11ICE 2E'ROPOL4

(uropol is the (uropean nionLscriminal intelligence agency. $t became fully operational on / uly /999. (uropolLs aim is to improve the effectiveness and co-operation between the competent authorities of the member states primarily by sharing and pooling intelligence to prevent and combat serious international organied crime.

I%TER%ATIO%AL ASSOCIATIO% O1 C"IE1S O1 POLICE 2IACP4

%he worldLs oldest and largest nonprofit membership organiation of police executives, with over 07,777 members in over 69 different countries. $ACPLs leadership consists of the operating chief executives of international, federal, state and local agencies of all sies. "$man traffic-ing is the acquisition of people by improper means such as force, fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them.

Sm$ggling migrants involves the procurement for financial or other material  benefit of illegal entry of a person into a !tate of which that person is not a national or  resident.

Transnational Crime ; 6 -orking definition of transnational crime7 Crime that impacts on more than one #urisdiction. ei one country to another ; 6dapted from the 5nited /ations 'onvention on #ranslational rganised 'rime7 Committed by +rganied criminal groups that have a home base in one state,  but cooperate in one or more host states where there are favorable mar&et opportunities. Hell &nown types 5  drugs, economic, people smuggling, money laundering, environmental Hhat about=   people traffic&ing, sea piracy, arms traffic&ing, precursor chemicals  terrorism and the crimes that underpin or facilitate terrorism Crossing of borders by=   people - criminals, fugitives and victims  things - commodities  intent - traffic, defraud, circumvent etc Hith international recognition of the crime=  Conventions, %reaties and *aws Philippine E(perience 'uman %raffic&ing and !muggling 3oney *aundering !mall Arms and *ight Heapons •

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%errorism Drug %raffic&ing !exual !lavery Cyber Crime

"$man Traffic-ing N 'uman %raffic&ing involves the recruitment, transport, harboring, or sale of  persons, within or across national borders, for the purpose of exploiting their labor. N %raffic&ed persons are also victims of organ removal and sale. N  8uman trafficking is the acquisition of people by improper means such as force, fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them. N muggling migrants involves the procurement for financial or other material  benefit of illegal entry of a person into a !tate of which that person is not a national or resident. "$man Traffic-ing and "$man Sm$ggling N 'uman %raffic&ing - sually involves coercion

- Characteried by subsequent exploitation after the illegal entry of a  person into a foreign country. - Considered a human rights issue

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'uman !muggling - sually does not involve coercion. - Characteried by facilitating, for an illegal entry of a person into a foreign country - Considered a migration concern

P"ILIPPI%E ,OMESTIC LAS N Rep$.lic Act %o* B8H -?Anti-traffic&ing in Persons Act of 0771@. N Rep$.lic Act %o* =8eavy soaping? - %he use of the electronic methods is the most cost effective layering $%("A%$+ - Hhen the money is returned to the regular economy through purchase of investment. - %he launderer then ma&es the proceeds available to the criminals in an apparently legitimate form. $ >spin dry? LOA% S"ARI%& $t refers to the lending of money at excessively high rates of interest.

*+A !'A"B$ (3F"AC(! %H+ C(%"A* (A%"(! N %he assessment of exorbitant interest rates in extending credit and> N %he use of threats and violence in collecting debts*

SMALL ARMS A%, LI&"T EAPO%S ARMS SM'&&LI%& N >Firearms - includes rifles, mus&ets, carbines, shotguns, revolvers, pistols and all other deadly weapons from which a bullet, ball, shot, shall or other missile maybe discharged by means of gun powder or other explosives. #he barrel of firearms  shall be considered complete firearms.@ --- PD /6JJ= TERRORISM %he systematic use of terror, especially as a means of coercion. $t refers only to those acts which are= /. $ntended to create fear  0. Are perpetrated for ideological goal 1. Deliberately target non-combatants !imply a means to end, not an end in itself>  Accomplish nothing in terms of goal>  Aims at obtaining a response that will achieve po litical goals>  Aimed not so much at the target upon which the initial act is committed, but to a  much wider audience who will view and interpret the act

".A. 9180 %he 'uman !ecurity Act of 0778 !ec 1. Any person who commits an act punishable under any of the following  provisions of the revised penal code /. Art /002Piracy and 3utiny4 0. Art /15 2"ebellion and $nsurrection4 1. Art /15-a 2Coup d etat4 5. Art 056 23urder4 :. Art 0J8 2Bidnapping and serious illegal detention4 J. Art 105 2Crimes $nvolving Destruction4 +r under  8. PD /J/1 2%he *aw on Arson4 6. ".A. J9J9 2%oxic !ubstance Control Act4 9. ".A. :078 2Atomic (nergy "egulatory Act4 /7. ".A. J01: 2Anti  'i#ac&ing *aw4 //. PD :10 2 Anti Piracy and 'ighway "obbery4 /0. PD/6JJ 2$llegal Possession of ire Arms4 %hereby sowing and creating a condition of widespread and extraordinary fear and panic among populace, in order to coerce the government to give in to an unlawful demand shall be guilty of the crime of terrorism and shall suffer the penalty of 57 years of imprisonment without the benefit of parole as provided for under Act 5/71, otherwise &nown as the indeterminate sentence law, as amended. CA%(+"$(! + %(""+"$!% "+P! A terrorist group