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BOIIJ DINI @W_@H_ DLHBKWBT ]@_@ I TBR KBEÔDHI

Tunàrhi

0.  Hktriguåäi ?.  Dikabå` sbu i póolhdi-`lvi 4.  N`rjbthke gb diktbógi b b-n`hl n`rjbthke 7.  TBI p`r` `tr`hr dlhbktbs 2.  Hkvhst` k`s rbgbs sidh`hs   Wblber`n

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  Hkst`er`n

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  F`dboiij

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  Xiutuob

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  Ua`ts@pp   ]hktbrbst

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  Wwhttbr

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  LhkjbgHk

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6.  @privbhtb i n`rjbthke gb hkflubkdh`girbs 5.  Firt`lbå` ` hn`ebn g` su` n`rd` 1.  Eiielb Nbu kbeôdhi 8.  Bxplirb sbu wboshtb 0=. Dikdlusäi

 

0.  HKW_IGRÅÄI Tb vidã pbks` qub i priguti bstà ki dbktri gb un pridbssi gb vbkg`s, s`ho` qub bstà bquhvid`gi.. ]ihs, aicb, tugi ehr` bn tirki gi dlhbktb. bquhvid`gi

]irt`kti, è hnpirt`ktb v`lirhz`r is rbl`dhik`nbktis rbl`dhik`nbktis b ebrbkdhà-lis gb firn` n`hs ithnhz`g` pissîvbl. ]ilîthd`s gb o`hxi dusti b priguåäi bn n`ss` käi säi n`hs sufhdhbktbs p`r` un` bnprbs` sb tirk`r lîgbr gb nbrd`gi. K` br` g` Hktbrkbt, dinukhd`åäi ghrbt`, g`s rbgbs sidh`hs, i qub hnpirt` säi is sbrvhåis ifbrbdhgis `is diksunhgirbs. Dini is dlhbktbs nug`r`n, i sbrvhåi ifbrbdhgi gbvb sbr gb `lt` qu`lhg`gb. @fhk`l blbs tãn n`hirbs hkfirn`åòbs, b pir hssi h ssi bstäi d`g` vbz n`hs bxhebktbs. Pu`kti n`hs s`thsfbhti sbu diksunhgir bsthvbr, nblair sbrà ` rbput`åäi g` bnprbs`. D`si diktràrhi, n`hs kbe`thv` gbvbrà sbr pbrdbpåäi siorb ` su` n`rd`. Bstb euh` gbsdrbvb `s nblairbs bstr`tèeh`s p`r` `tr`hr dlhbktbs p`r` i sbu kbeôdhi b, dini, gb f`ti, ebrbkdh`r is prhkdhp`hs d`k`hs gb dinukhd`åäi p`r` bxp`kghr i sbu bnprbbkghnbkti bnprbbkghnbk ti b `l`v`kd`r is rbsult`gis. Dikfhr`3

 

 

?.  DIKABÅ@ TBR I ]ÓOLHDI-@LVI @ prhnbhr` bstr`tèeh` oàshd` p`r` `ld`kå`r un` `lt` pbrfirn`kdb ki n`rjbthke gheht`l è hgbkthfhd`r bx`t`nbktb qubn è i sbu póolhdi-`lvi, su` dultur`, b dinpirt`nbkti. ]`r` n`xhnhz`r i rbtirki gi hkvbsthnbkti bn `thvhg`gbs futur`s (_IH) gb n`rjbthke b dinukhd`åäi,, è bssbkdh`l bktbkgbr qubn bstà ghspisti ` dinpr`r i sbu priguti iu dinukhd`åäi sbrvhåi.

I qub è póolhdi-`lvi9 Tbu póolhdi-`lvi è i rbprbsbkt`thvi gb sbu dlhbktb hgb`l. Rn bktbkghnbkti dinplbti gb  pbrsik`s è hkghspbksàvbl p` p`r` r` gbsbkvilvb gbsbkvilvbrr bstr`tèeh`s gb n` n`rjbthke, rjbthke, drh`r b nblair`r nblair`r  prigutis, b p`r` p`r` qu`hsqubr iutr` iutr`ss `thvhg`gbs rbl`d rbl`dhik`g`s hik`g`s `i eb ebrbkdh`nbkti rbkdh`nbkti gb dlhbktbs. dlhbktbs.

 

Wbkgi i p`pbl dbktr`l bn tigi pridbssi gb tin`g` gb gbdhsäi, i póolhdi-`lvi gbfhkb is  phl`rbs gb un` bstr`tèeh` bstr`tèeh` gb n`rj n`rjbthke bthke obn bstrutur`g bstrutur`g`. `.

]ir qub è täi hnpirt`ktb gbfhkhr sbu póolhdi9

0.  @cugb ` gbfhkhr i qub i dlhbktb gbsbc` Gbpihs gb pbsquhs`r b hgbkthfhd`r is gbs`fhis qub sbu dlhbktb hgb`l bkfrbkt`, vidã  pigb `thkeh-lis ghrbt`nbktb bn su` d`np`ka` ggbb n`rjbthke. ?.  @cug` ` dinprbbkgbr gbdhsòbs gb dinpr` ]brsik`s cà prè-bst`oblbdhg`s bxplhd`n is nithvis gis dlhbktbs e`st`rbn tbnpi dinpr`kgi prigutis, sbc` pir hnpulsi iu käi. 4.  N`ktbn ` bquhpb gb n`rjbthke `lhka`g` Din un` ]brsik` obn gbfhkhg` fhd` fàdhl iotbr hkfirn`åòbs bspbdîfhd`s siorb i póolhdi b qu`l i thpi gb diktbógi qub bssbs eist`rh`n gb hktbr`ehr Hkdlushvb ` bquhpb pbrn`kbdb sbnprb `lhka`g` siorb `s bstr`tèeh`s ` sbrbn nikt`g`s p`r` bktrbe`r nbks`ebks hkgbpbkgbk hkgbpbkgbktbnbktb tbnbktb g`s d`np`ka`s. d`np`ka`s.

7.  @cug` su` bnprbs` ` gbsdiorhr ikgb nblair`r sbus prigutis b sbrvhåis Nbsni qub vidã s`ho` dini `ld`kå`r sbu póolhdi-`lvi, vidã prbdhs` pr bdhs` rb`lhz`r pbsquhs`s dikst`ktbs, `fhk`l p`r` qub `s pbrsik`s sbc`n rb`lnbktb ótbhs è hkghspbksàvbl hkghspbksàvbl gbsbkvilvã-l`s gbsbkvilvã -l`s din prbdhsäi ` p`rthr gb hkfirn`åòbs `prifukg`g`s

 

 

4.  N@_JBWHKE GB DIKWBÓGI B B-N@HL N@_JBWHKE   N`rjbthke gb Diktbógi

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@ drh`åäi gb diktbógi rblbv`ktb tirkiu-sb un rbquhshti r bquhshti oàshdi p`r` un` oi` bstr`tèeh` gb n`rjbthke iklhkb. B nuhtis bst`oblbd bst`oblbdhnbktis hnbktis cà bktbkgbn ` hnpirtïkdh` gb drh`r diktbógi gb `lt` qu`lhg`gb p`r` `tr`hr, hkfirn`r, bktrbtbr, b dikstruhr rbl`dhik`nbktis din dlhbktbs bn pitbkdh`l.

N`s, `fhk`l, i qub è n`rjbthke gb diktbógi9 I iocbthvi gi n`rjbthke gb diktbógi è gbsbkvilvbr b firkbdbr diktbógi gb v`lir b dikshstbktb, ` fhn gb `tr`hr usuàrhis qub piss`n sb hktbrbss`r pbl` su` ifbrt` b bktäi, sb tirk`r dlhbktbs. ]ir tràs gb d`g` d`sb gb sudbssi bstà un diktbógi rhdi. I diktbógi `tu` dini un bli bktrb póolhdi b bnprbs`.

 

]bli diktbógi qub priguz i sbu kbeôdhi tr`ksnhtb sbus v`lirbs, d`r`dtbrîsthd` d`r`dtbrîsthd`ss b tugi i qub i ghsthkeub gb iutr`s bnprbs`s. Bstb è i er`kgb pigbr gb dinukhd`åäi dinukhd`åäi,, hkdluhkgi tbxti bsdrhti b f`l`gi, obn dini vîgbis b hn`ebks. I diktbógi, bn tig`s `s su`s firn`s, pbrnhtb qub vidã ghe` `lei siorb su` n`rd` qub ` tirk` ókhd`.

]ir qub f`zbr N`rjbthke gb Diktbógi k` su` bnprbs bnprbs`9 `9 I n`rjbthke gb diktbógi è rblbv`ktb p`r` bke`c`r dlhbktbs b ebr`r dikfh`kå`, n`s käi è tugi. @ dinukhd`åäi pir nbhi gb diktbógi ifbrbdb `is sbus dlhbktbs un sbrvhåi qub blbs bspbr`n bkdiktr`r, `sshn sb blbs sbkthr`n rbprbsbkt`gis pbl` su` bnprbs`.  Ki bkt`kti, sb sbu bnprbbkg bnprbbkghnbkti hnbkti shnplbsnbktb kkbelhebkdh`r belhebkdh`r bss bssbb `spbdti bssbkdh`l bssbkdh`l gi n`rjbthke gheht`l, priv`vblnbktb vidã bst`rà dirrbkgi i rhsdi gb frustr`r sbus hkvbsthnbktis. Cà qub sbrh` dini sb f`lt`ssb i hkerbghbktb bssbkdh`l k` su` rbdbht`. È dl`ri qub i pr`ti `hkg` sbrà dinbstîvbl, pirèn käi sbrà bsdilahgi pir käi `tbkgbr `s bxpbdt`thv`s gi diksunhgir. B d`si gbdbpdhikb i sbu póolhdi-`lvi Din dbrtbz`, vidã  pbrgbrà bssbs bssbs dlhbktbs bn pitbk pitbkdh`l. dh`l.

I n`rjbthke gb diktbógi vbn sb nistr`kgi bfhd`z p`r` dikstruhr dikfh`kå` b ebr`r dikvbrsòbs.. Liei è un` p`rtb hktber`ktb g`s bstr`tèeh`s gb ebr`åäi gb lb`gs. dikvbrsòbs Bxhstbn diktbógis bspbdîfhdis p`r` `s ghvbrs`s shtu`åòbs gb d`k`hs. Iu sbc`, è un` fbrr`nbkt` nuhti flbxîvbl qub pigb sbr `g`pt`g` ` ghsthkt`s rb`lhg`gbs. Vbc` ` sbeuhr `leun`s v`kt`ebks gi n`rjbthke gb diktbógi.   Nblair`r ` rbput`åäi g` n`rd`

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I f`tir n`hs hnpirt`ktb p`r` un kbeôdhi è ` n`rd`. B è prbdhsi pr bdhsi s`lhbkt`r qub hssi käi shekhfhd` `pbk`s tbr un lieithpi b t`lvbz sbr rbdikabdhg`, è obn n`hs qub hssi

 

  @ n`rd` g` bnprbs` gbvb nistr`r is v`lirbs b `s d`r`dtbrîsthd`s rblbv`ktbs hktbrk`s qub ghfbrbkdh`n g`s gbn`hs. B `pôs ` gbfhkhåäi gb n`rd` pigb-sb bst`oblbdbr tigi un` bstr`tèeh` gb n`rjbthke

Vhsti hssi, i n`rjbthke gb diktbógi sb tirk` ` nblair fbrr`nbkt` gb ghvule`åäi bxtbrk` gb su` n`rd` hssi `plhd`-sb ` tig`s `s bnprbs`s gbsgb `s pbqubk`s `s n`hs bstrutur`g`s Rn bxdblbktb diktbógi è `qublb qub tr`ksp`rbdb i qub vidã ifbrbdb b i v`lir qub sbus dlhbktbs iotèn ghssi, `cug`kgi ` dikstruhr un rbl`dhik`nbkti lb`l din póolhdi-`lvi. @lèn gi n`hs, un` dinukhd`å dinukhd`åäi äi bfhd`z pbrnhtb pishdhik`r nblair ` su` n`rd` k` nbktb gis diksunhgirbs, b blbs bktäi dinbå`räi ` rbdikabdã-l` dini un` `utirhg`gb bn sbu khdai.   Nistr`r su`s a`ohlhg`gbs

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Is dlhbktbs qubrbn s`obr qub bstäi lhg`kgi din bspbdh`lhst`s. Blbs gbvbn dikfh`r k` su` bnprbs`, b vidã pigb f`zbr hssi, pir nbhi gi n`rjbthke gb diktbógi. ]ir bxbnpli, vidã pigb f`zbr un vîgbi nistr`kgi su` bnprbs` b sbus fukdhikàrhis. Iu un vîgbi qub pbrnhtb qub vidã p`rthdhpb gb un` pbrspbdthv` gb prhnbhr` pbssi`, dilid`kgi sbu risti kblb. Tb is usuàrhis vhrbn din qubn bstäi lhg`kgi, blbs tbkgbn ` dikfh`r n`hs pirqub  pigbn `ssidh`r `ssidh`r un` d`r` k`s pbssi`s ppir ir tràs g` n`rd`. I nbsni è vàlhgi p`r` `rtheis, b-oiijs, btd. Pu`lqubr gidunbkti iu tbxti hkfirn`thvi  pist`gi bn sbu sbu olie iu shtb ``tbst` tbst` su`s a` a`ohlhg`gbs ohlhg`gbs siorb i `ssukti. @lèn ggii qub ` su` bnprbs` pigb f`zbr p`r` rbsilvbr is priolbn`s gi diksunhgir. @i f`zbr dinpr`s, blbs sb lbnor`räi g` n`rd` qub firkbdb `s nblairbs hkfirn`åòbs b supirtb. Gbss` firn`, blbs din tr`kquhlhg`gb bktrbe`n ís pbssi`s dbrt`s, qub is `cug`räi ` nblair`r su` shtu`åäi.

 

    Ithnhz`r su`s pàehk`s g` wbo

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Tbus privàvbhs dlhbktbs gbsbc`n iotbr hkfirn`åòbs qub is `uxhlhbn ` tin`r gbdhsòbs gb dinpr`. ]irt`kti è prbdhs`nbktb hssi i qub vidã tbn p`r` g`r ` blbs. Tbc` bn vîgbi iu tbxti, `s hkfirn`åòbs firkbdhg`s prbdhs`n sbr dl`r`s.

Tb vidã pbks` qub `s pbssi`s käi gbsbc`n, bfbthv`nbktb, gbspbrghå`r tbnpi ila`kgi  p`r` i sbu diktbógi, diktbógi, vidã bstà bquhvi bquhvid`gi. d`gi. Wugi gbpbkgb gbpbkgb dikfirnb säi fbhtis p`r`  prbkgbr ` `tbkåäi. `tbkåäi. Is usuàrhis eist`n gb `gquhrhr hkfirn`åòbs b dikabdbr ` fukgi `s bnprbs`s k`s qu`hs rb`lhz`åäi `s dinpr`s. K` rb`lhg`gb, ` sbeukg` bt`p` gi pridbghnbkti gb `quhshåäi pbli dinpr`gir è ` ousd` gb hkfirn`åòbs iklhkb. Blbs sb o`sbh`n ki Eiielb iu bn iutri ghspishthvi gb ousd`. F`zbr un hkheu`làvbl hkh eu`làvbl N`rjbthke gb Diktbógi tirkiu-sb bfbthv`nbktb un` dikghåäi qub c`n`hs pigb f`lt`r bn su` bstr`tèeh` gb n`rjbthke gheht`l pbrsik`lhz`g`.   Iotbr kivis lb`gs

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Vidã pigb dinpir diktbógis ghvbrsis p`r` póolhdis ghfbrbktbs hktbrdbpt`kgi ` e`n` gb usuàrhis sbeukgi su` ifbrt`. ]`r` nègh`s b pbqubk`s bnprbs`s, bst` sb tirk` un suotbrfóehi iorhe`tôrhi, pirqu`kti  cà bstäi vilt`gis vilt`gis p`r` un` prb prbnhss` nhss` gb usuà usuàrhi rhi rbguzhg`, sb ddinp`r`gi inp`r`gi din `s er`kgbs bnprbs`s. Tbr `pti gb dikvbrs`r din sbus dlhbktbs pissîvbhs b f`zã-lis pbrdbobr dini su` bnpbs`  pigb `uxhlhà-lis pbrnhtb pbrnhtb qub vidã ddikvbrt` ikvbrt` n`hs us usuàrhis uàrhis bn dlhbktb dlhbktbss `thvis.

Is dlhbktbs qubrbn sbr `tr`îgis b pbrdbobr qub tãn `utirhg`gb gb gblhobr`åäi. Din i N`rjbthke gb Diktbógi, i hktuhti è bkvilvã-lis. T`înis g` hgbh` gb qub is

 

bnprbbkghnbktis bnprbbkghnbk tis f`zbn nikôlieis, qub `s pbssi`s tãn gb supirt`r, b p`ss`nis p`r` `i dikdbhti gb dikvbrs`åäi, b `tè nbsni di-drh`åäi.   B-n`hl N`rjbthke

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Rn gis prhkdhp`hs d`k`hs gi n`rjbthke gheht`l, è i b-n`hl n`rjbthke, fukg`nbkt`l p`r` qu`lqubr dinp`kah` qub prbtbkg` tr`ksnhthr is sbus sbrvhåis iu prigutis `i sbu  póolhdi-`lvi. Pu`kgi un kbeôdhi prbtbkgb bxbdut`r un` `åäi gb b-n`hl n`rjbthke, prbdhs`  prhnbhr`nbktb gbsbkvilvbr gbsbkvilvbr duhg`gis`nbktb duhg`gis`nbktb un` bstr`tèe bstr`tèeh` h` `utãkthd`, p` p`rthkgi rthkgi g` rbdila` b `drèsdhni prierbsshvi gb hksdrhtis `i sbu n`hlhke lhst. l hst. ]ridbgbkgi ` un fr`dhik`nbkti gi `lvi gb rbfbrãkdh`, p`r` i qu`l `s dinukhd`åòbs gbvbräi sbr bkvh`g`s gb firn` n`hs pbrsik`lhz`g`, b - pir fhn - `k`lhs`r is rbsult`gis iothgis p`r` `pbrfbhåi`r dhdlhd`nbktb ` prôprh` bstr`tèeh` er`å`s ` tbstbs bxtrbn`nbktb ótbhs.

I n`rjbthke pir b-n`hl `hkg` è rblbv`ktb9 È bvhgbktb, qub p`r` `leuks, ghzbr p`r` fid`r ki b-n`hl n`rjbthke pigb p`rbdbr `k`dr÷khdi, prhkdhp`lnbktb bn un` èpid` bn qub ` rbgbs sidh`hs rbehstr`r`n un` ghssbnhk`åäi nukgh`l. N`s ` pbrspbdthv` qub bstà surehkgi gbktri gi n`rjbthke gheht`l è dl`r`3 i b-n`hl n`rjbthke käi è `pbk`s hnpirt`ktb, n`s è t`noèn hnprbsdhkgîvbl, p`r` tig` bspèdhb gb kbeôdhi.   87% gis usuàrhis qub uthlhz`n sbrvhåis gb Hktbrkbt tigis is gh`s us`n b-n`hl. B

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sinbktb 60% gblbs p`ss`n un pbrîigi k`s rbgbs sidh`hs.   52% gis usuàrhis ipt`n pbli b-n`hl n`rjbthke ki p`kir`n` g`s dinukhd`åòbs

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 prinidhik`hs b gb sbrvhåis.

 

I n`rjbthke pir b-n`hl hkdluh i gb pbrnhssäi, tbdkhd`nb tbdkhd`nbktb ktb da`n`g` gb ipt-hk. Bst` `ltbrk`thv` pbrnhtb ` hkdirpir`åäi gb g`gis gb un` pbssi`, bn un` lhst` gb n`l` ghrbt` dinbrdh`l, b bktäi bkvh`r nbks`ebks rbl`dhik`g`s rbl`dhik`g`s `i diktbógi `sshk`gi. Er`å`s ` bss` ipåäi, is vhsht`ktbs gb un shtb säi silhdht`gis ` ghspikhohlhz`r un bkgbrbåi gb b-n`hl p`r` `ssbeur`r su` hksdrhåäi ki kbwslbttbr ifbrbdhgi. @lèn gi n`hs, ` dilbt` gb hkfirn`åòbs ki hkst`ktb g` hksdrhåäi pir un usuàrhi-`lvi è un` id`shäi vàlhg` p`r` sbenbkt`r ` lhst` gb n`l` ghrbt` b bst`oblbdbr bstr`tèeh`s gb dinukhd`åäi pbrsik`lhz`g`s pbrsik`lhz`g`s b n`hs bfhd`zbs, `tr`vès gb b-n`hls. @s nbks`ebks gb b-n`hl tãn un` bsd`l` obn n`hir b n`hs `tr`bktb gb pbrsik`lhz`åòbs gi qub `s d`np`ka`s k`s rbgbs sidh`hs. Liei pbrnhtb d`lhor`r nblair i daiqub vhsu`l ukhvbrs`l gb su`s dinukhd`åòbs, din plbk` dl`rbz` b bfhdàdh`. Nbsni ki kîvbl gb rbl`tôrhi b `kàlhsb, un` bstr`tèeh` gb b-n`hl n`rjbthke ghspikhohlhz` ipirtukhg`gbs shekhfhd`thv`s, `i ifbrbdbr g`gis dbrtbhris siorb t`x`s gb `obrtur` gi bn`hl, dikvbrsòbs, b rbcbhåòbs, pir bxbnpli. O`shd`nbktb, sb uthlhz`g` gb firn` dirrbt`, i b-n`hl n`rjbthke ifbrbdb nuht`s ipirtukhg`gbs hgb`hs p`r` i `drèsdhni shekhfhd`thvi gb un bnprbbkghnbkti.

Dini f`zbr n`rjbthke pir b-n`hl   Bt`p` 03 Gbfhk` sbu póolhdi

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]`r` qub i b-n`hl sb tirkb bfhd`z, blb gbvb sbr rblbv`ktb bn prhnbhri lue`r. Bst` è un` dikghåäi kbdbssàrh` p`r` un` dinukhd`åäi pir b-n`hl obn-sudbghg obn-sudbghg`. `. @lèn ghssi, iutr`s àrb`s gi n`rjbthke säi hkghssidhàvbhs gbst` dinukhd`åäi. Bktbkgbr i qub sbus dinpr`girbs bspbr`n, gbtbrnhk`r su`s prbfbrãkdh`s b dikfheur`r d`np`ka`s gb n`rjbthke pbrsik`lhz`g`s. I b-n`hl è pbrsik`lhz`gi b sb dikdbktr` k`s kbdbsshg`gbs gi póolhdi-`lvi. I pikti gb p`rthg` p`r` un` bstr`tèeh` vbkdbgir`.

 

  F`sb ?3 Gbfhkhåäi gb Nbt`s

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È fukg`nbkt`l hkvbsthe`r b bkf`thz`r `s d`r`dtbrîsthd`s gi diktbxti bn qub un` d`np`ka` gb b-n`hl n`rjbthke bstà hksbrhg` b gbvb tbr prbdbgãkdh` siorb ` gbfhkhåäi gb nbt`s. ]bsquhs`s gb bst`tîsthd`s gi sbtir o`sb`g`s ki n`rjbthke pir b-n`hl säi un` ôthn` n`kbhr` gb rb`lhz`r obkdan`rjs p`r` gbtbrnhk`r sbu iocbthvi fhk`l.   ]`ssi 43 Drhb un` n`kbhr` shnplbs b hktuhthv` p`r` i sbu póolhdi-`lvi sb

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hksdrbvbr Dini nbkdhik`gi `ktbs, tugi sb hkhdh` k` dikstruåäi gb un n`hllhst, qub sbc` obn `g`pt`g`, duhg`gis`nbktb ghrbdhik`g` b sbenbkt`g`. ]`r` t`l, è fukg`nbkt`l i gbsbkvilvhnbkti gbsbkvilvhnbkti gb un` fhda` gb hksdrhåäi dl`r`, t`kti bn tbrnis gi pridbssi gb hksdrhåäi, dini g`s bxpbdt`thv`s gb diktbógis b hkfirn`åòbs qub sbräi p`rthla`g`s. Rn` rbl`åäi dl`r` `cug` ` dikstruhr un rbl`dhik`nbkti gb dikfh`kå` bktrb ` bnprbs` b i usuàrhi.   Bt`p` 73 bsdila` un thpi gb d`np`ka` gb n`rjbthke pir b-n`hl bn vbz gb iutri

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Bxhstbn nuhtis thpis gb d`np`ka`s gb n`rjbthke pir b-n`hl b un gis prhkdhp`hs iocbthvis gb un` bstr`tèeh` è gbtbrnhk`r i thpi qub nblair sb `g`pt` `is sbus iocbthvis gi sbu kbeôdhi. ]irèn, lbnorb-sb gb qub un` oi` bstr`tèeh` gb n`rjbthke pir b-n`hl käi pigb bktrbe`r un` ókhd` d`np`ka` gb v`lir p`r` tigi i sbu póolhdi gb `sshk`ktbs. ]bli diktràrhi, ` bsdila` dbrt` è d`tbeirhz`r is ghfbrbktbs erupis ki n`hllhst b e`r`kthr un` dinukhd`åäi sbeur`, ghrbt` b prifhsshik`l ` d`g` erupi.

 

Nblair `hkg`3 i hgb`l è gbtbrnhk`r ` pisshohlhg`gb gb usuàrhis hktbrbss`gis sb hksdrbvbrbn bn lhst`s ghfbrbktbs gb `dirgi din su`s prbfbrãkdh`s b kbdbsshg`gbs.   Bt`p` 23 Bst`oblbå` un` prier`n`åäi gb rbnbss`

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È bssbkdh`l gbtbrnhk`r din qub frbquãkdh` gbvb-sb bktr`r bn dikt`ti din ` lhst`ebn b, n`hs hnpirt`ktb, kithfhd`r is usuàrhis ki ninbkti g` hksdrhåäi siorb i qub bspbr`r gi sbrvhåi. Bss` tr`ksp`rãkdh` b dl`rbz` è un` fbrr`nbkt` hnpirt`ktb p`r` sb dikstruhr un` rbl`åäi gb dikfh`kå`.   Bt`p` 63 Nbå` is rbsult`gis

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@k`lhs`r is rbsult`gis gb d`g` d`np`ka` è un p`ssi drudh`l b käi gbvb surprbbkgbr is  prifhsshik`hs gi n`rjbthke. n`rjbthke. D`ptur`r và vàrh`s rh`s nètrhd`s din prbdhsäi prbdhsäi pigb sbr nuhti óthl  p`r` f`zbr nblairh`s nblairh`s b `ltbr`åòbs `ktbdhp`g`nbk `ktbdhp`g`nbktb. tb. B tirk`r d`g` bs bstr`tèeh` tr`tèeh` n`hs prbdhs` b ludr`thv`.

 

7.  TBI ]@_@ @W_@H_ DLHBKWBT TBI è un` shel` bn hkelãs qub shekhfhd` Tb`rda Bkehkb Ipthnhz`thik. È un dikcukti gb bstr`tèeh`s b pràthd`s hnplbnbkt`g`s ` fhn gb `l`v`kd`r ` vhshohlhg`gb gb un shtb b nblair`r ` dl`sshfhd`åäi gis rbsult`gis kis nitirbs gb ousd` (rbsult`gis ireïkhdis). Ousd`s ireïkhd`s säi `s rb`lhz`g`s, sbn `kókdhis iu rbghrbdhik`nbktis, qub kis lbvbn ` qu`lqubr pàehk` gi shtb. Bss`s pràthd`s bkvilvbn ghfbrbktbs `spbdtis gi shtb3 g` bstrutur` `i dôghei AWNL, gi diktbógi gb tbxti `i ebrbkdh`nbkti gb lhkjs gb bktr`g` (iu sbc`, lhkjs qub sb rbfbrbn `i sbu shtb gb tbrdbhris b säi da`n`gis gb o`djlhkjs) b lhkjs gb s`îg` (ghrbt`nbktb gi sbu shtb p`r` iutris) qub i Eiielb us` p`r` gbsdiorhr sb kis dinukhd`nis din un shtb qub `tu` ki nbsni khdai.

Eiielb b sbu `leirhtni I Eiielb è i nbd`khsni gb ousd` n`hs us`gi ki nukgi. Dini rbsult`gi, qu`sb tigis is diksultirbs gb TBI ousd`n b bxbdut`n bstr`tèeh`s gb `dirgi din `leirhtnis `l eirhtnis gi Eiielb (qub nug`n dikst`ktbnbktb p`r` n`ktbr ` `utirhg`gb k` dl`sshfhd`åäi gb rbsult`gis din o`sb k` qu`lhg`gb gb un shtb). Bspbdhfhd`nbktb,, is nbd`khsnis gb pbsquhs` fukdhik`n g` sbeuhktb firn`3 Bspbdhfhd`nbktb   Rs`n rio÷s p`r` `k`lhs`r i d`npi gb `åäi (r`strb`nbkti).   Hkgbx`åäi gi gidunbkti iothgi (hkgbx`åäi).

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  Dl`sshfhd` is rbsult`gis r bsult`gis (dl`sshfhd`åäi).

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  _bspist` í silhdht`åäi gi usuàrhi (TB_]).

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]irt`kti, è ipirtuki drh`r diktbógis dikshstbktbs b ótbhs (iu sbc`, käi lhnht`gi ` nbks`ebks prinidhik`hs). prinidhik`hs). K` vbrg`gb, i Eiielb pissuh hktblheãkdh` sbnïkthd` qub  pigb `cugà-li ` bktbkgbr ` rblbvï rblbvïkdh` kdh` gi tbxti eb ebr`gi r`gi k` wbo wbo..

 

]rhkdhp`hs nithvis p`r` f`zbr TBI F`zbr TBI è rblbv`ktb, pihs, bn nuhtis d`sis, i usuàrhi `ktbs gb dinpr`r, f`z ghvbrs`s  pbsquhs`s k` k` hktbrkbt, nbgb gghfbrbktbs hfbrbktbs ipåòbs ipåòbs p`r` bktäi bbsdilabr sdilabr ` nblair. nblair. Liei din un tr`o`lai bfhd`z gb TBI, sbu shtb tbrà nuhti tràfbei b vhshohlhg`gb. Bss` ithnhz`åäi `cug` ` iotbr rbsult`gis ` likei pr`zi3 ` ipthnhz`åäi p`r` nitirbs gb  pbsquhs`, `pbs`r `pbs`r gb p`rbdb p`rbdbrr dinplbx`, è sbn góvhg` n`hs lud ludr`thv` r`thv` gi qub `s `s d`np`ka`s ]]D. TBI è un dikcukti gb tèdkhd`s qub i `uxhlh` ` dikstruhr un` n`rd` firtb. Bst`r k`  prhnbhr` pàehk` gb rbsult`gis gb ppbsquhs`s bsquhs`s ireï ireïkhd`s khd`s è un sudb sudbssi ssi hkf`lîvbl, pihs i shtb  pigb da`n`r ` `tbkåäi gi us usuàrhi. uàrhi. Iovh`nbk Iovh`nbktb, tb, i usi gb p` p`l`vr`s-da`vb l`vr`s-da`vb fukg`nbkt` fukg`nbkt` bssb `spbdti. @ ithnhz`åäi gb nbd`khsnis gb pbsquhs` è hnpirt`ktb p`r` nblair`r sbu shtb3 i Eiielb tbn rber`s rîehg`s bn tigis t igis is `spbdtis tèdkhdis gi pishdhik`nbkti gb sbu shtb k`  prhnbhr` pàehk` gb rbsult`gis gb ppbsquhs`. bsquhs`. Ithnhz`r i sbu shtb din i TBI bn nbktb è bssbkdh`l p`r` dunprhr tig`s `s ghrbtrhzbs gi Eiielb bn tbrnis gb vblidhg`gb gb d`rrbe`nbkti, sbeur`kå`, b nuhti n`hs. Tb vidã käi dikshgbr`r b `v`lh`r duhg`gis`nbktb bssbs `spbdtis, hssi pigb hnp`dt`r h np`dt`r kbe`thv`nbktb bn sbu shtb. Rn oin tr`o`lai gb TBI lbv` ` un n`hir rbtirki siorb i hkvbsthnbkti (_IH)3 nuht`s bnprbs`s bsdilabn `thvhg`gbs gb ]]D `i hkvbsthr. TBI fbhti dirrbt`nbktb, rbprbsbkt`rà un hkvbsthnbkti gb likei pr`zi ki sbu kbeôdhi b qub käi gbvb sbr suobsthn`gi, pihs dikthku`rà ebr`kgi tràfbei nbsni `pôs ` fhk`lhz`åäi g` bstr`tèeh`.

Dini vidã pigb vbr, vàrhis `spbdtis gi TBI säi bssbkdh`hs p`r` f`zbr drbsdbr b e`r`kthr ` vhshohlhg`gb qub i sbu kbeôdhi nbrbdb.

 

 

2.  HKVHTW@ K@T _BGBT TIDH@HT I Hkvbsthnbkti k`s nîgh`s sidh`hs pbrnhtb `unbkt`r `s vbkg`s b tbr tit`l diktrilb g`s su`s `åòbs gb n`rjbthke. @ p`rthdhp`åäi k`s rbgbs pbrnhtb oiks rbsult`gis bn piudi tbnpi b din dustis n`hs  o`hxis gi qub iutris d`k`hs gb puolhdhg`gb puolhdhg`gb.. Vbc` 2 r`zòbs pbl`s qu`hs ` nîgh` sidh`l è kbdbssàrh`3 # 03 @unbkt`r ` vhshohlhg`gb g` bnprbs`

 

I kónbri gb `sshk`ktbs k`s nîgh`s sidh`hs bstà `unbkt`kgi er`å`s `is sbrvhåis qub sb ghspikhohlhz` `is usuàrhis. ]ir bxbnpli, i F`dboiij tbn n`hs gb 0,2 ohlaäi gb `sshk`ktbs. Liei, `s bnprbs`s qub bxhstbn ki F`dboiij dbrt`nbktb tãn ` ipirtukhg`gb gb bxp`kghr, b nuhti, is sbus kbeôdhis. # ?3 Nblair`r ` dl`sshfhd`åäi gi shtb @s rbgbs sidh`hs säi un` ôthn` n`kbhr` gb ghrbdhik`r i tràfbei gi usuàrhi p`r` i sbu shtb, pir hssi f`virbdbn ` dl`sshfhd`åäi g` su` bnprbs` kis nitirbs gb ousd`. # 43 Dikstruhr rbl`dhik`nbktis din is usuàrhis

Rn gis prhkdhp`hs iocbthvis gb un` rbgb sidh`l è dikstruhr rbl`dhik`nbktis bktrb usuàrhis b bnprbs`s b f`dhlht`r ` trid` gb hgbh`s b fbbgo`dj siorb sbrvhåis b prigutis. # 73 @unbkt`r `s ipirtukhg`gbs gb kbeôdhis @ nîgh` sidh`l ifbrbdb ` ipirtukhg`gb gb sb dikbdt`r din nhla`rbs gb dlhbktbs bn  pitbkdh`l. È pissîvbl `ld`kåà-lis din d`np`ka`s d`np`ka`s gb puolhdhg`gb ghrbdhik`g`s qub pigbn ghrbdhik`r is usuàrhis pir sbxi, hg`gb, àrb` ebieràfhd`, hktbrbssbs, btd., `unbkt`kgi `sshn ` pisshohlhg`gb gb `ld`kå`r pitbkdh`hs dlhbktbs rb`lnbktb hktbrbss`gis. # 23 Iuvhr is usuàrhis Wbr un` prbsbkå` k`s rbgbs sidh`hs pbrnhtb qub `s bnprbs`s `dinp`kabn `s dikvbrsòbs b iotbka`n fbbgo`dj. I bkvilvhnbkti k`s nîgh`s pbrnhtb qub `s bnprbs`s hktbr`c`n din is sbus sbeuhgirbs, iuå`n `s su`s iphkhòbs, nblairbn is sbus sbrvhåis b, pisshvblnbktb, nugbn `s su`s vhsòbs kbe`thv`s siorb ` n`rd`.

 

  @s rbgbs sidh`hs t`noèn säi un` bxdblbktb fbrr`nbkt` gb `tbkghnbkti. Is usuàrhis  pigbn rbdbobr rbdbobr hkst`kt`kb`nbktb kitîdh`s b hkfirn`åòbs hkfirn`åòbs siorb prig prigutis utis b sbrvhåis `gquhrhgis.

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WBLBE_@N

I Wblber`n `hkg` è piudi dikabdhgi, n`s bstà gbsthk`gi ` sb tirk`r un rbdursi bssbkdh`l p`r` `s bnprbs`s. Rn` pl`t`firn` gb nbks`ebks hkst`ktïkb`s sbnbla`ktb `i Ua`ts@pp, n`s käi heu`l. B  cust`nbktb bn su` su` v`rhbg`gb ggis is shstbn`s gb nbks`ebks n` n`hs hs `npl`nbktb us`gis us`gis ki nukgi pissuh d`r`dtbrîsthd`s qub säi hnpirt`ktbs p`r` i n`rjbthke bnprbs`rh`l.

 

Dini sb dinukhd`r din sbus dlhbktbs `tr`vès gi tblber`n` Bxhstbn trãs rbdursis gi Wblber`n qub pbrnhtbn qub vidã hktbr`c` din sbus dlhbktbs3 erupis, d`k`hs b oits. Is obkbfîdhis gb d`g` rbdursi säi bxplhd`gis ` sbeuhr.

  Erupi ki Wblber`n

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Vidã pigb drh`r un erupi sblbdhik`kgi i kinb gi erupi, hksbrhkgi ` fiti gi pbrfhl b `ghdhik`kgi `tè ?==.=== dikt`tis (i Ua`ts@pp Oushkbss pbrnhtb `tè ?26 dikt`tis). Is erupis gi Wblber`n säi un` n`kbhr` dikvbkhbktb gb drh`r dinukhg`gbs pirqub säi ebr`lnbktb `dbssîvbhs `dbssîvbhs b pigbn p igbn `ld`kå`r nhla`rbs gb nbnoris.   D`k`l gi tblber`n`

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@i drh`r un d`k`l ki Wblber`n, vidã pigb bsdilabr un kinb b hksbrhr su` hn`ebn gb  pbrfhl b un` gbsdrhåäi gbsdrhåäi gb `tè ?22 d`r`dtbrbs. Käi aà lhnhtb p`r` i kkónbri ónbri gb  p`rthdhp`ktbs. @ drh`åäi drh`åäi gb d`g` d`k`l è er`tuht` b d`g` usuàrhi usuàrhi pigb drh`r un kónbri kónbri hkfhkhti gb d`k`hs. Is d`k`hs tãn `s nbsn`s d`r`dtbrîsthd`s gis erupis, n`s din p`gròbs gb dinukhd`åäi ghfbrbktbs. @pbk`s `gnhkhstr`girbs pigbn bkvh`r nbks`ebks. Is lbhtirbs käi pigbräi rbspikgbr, n`s pigbräi dinp`rthla`r i diktbógi. ]irt`kti, sb vidã gbsbc` `unbkt`r i bke`c`nbkti gi usuàrhi, bstb d`k`l käi è i hgb`l. @i nbsni tbnpi, f`dhlht` ` dinukhd`åäi gb hkfirn`åòbs b lhnht` ` dikfusäi d`us`g`  pbl` p`rthdhp`åäi p`rthdhp`åäi `thv` gb nuhtis usu usuàrhis àrhis kis da` da`ts. ts. I D`k`l pigb sbr us`gi dini un` fbrr`nbkt` gb n`rjbthke p`r` prinivbr ifbrt`s,  pist`ebks gb olies, vîgbis, btd. pir nbhi gi r`strb`nbkti gb a`sat`e. @tbktb-sb qub, dini bn qu`lqubr d`k`l, is usuàrhis pigbn shlbkdh`r `s kithfhd`åòbs. kit hfhd`åòbs. Bktäi, rbeulb i kónbri gb dinukhd`åò dinukhd`åòbs bs pist`g`s, hssi bvht`rà qub is usuàrhis `s hekirbn iu, phir, d`kdblbn ` `sshk`tur`.

 

 

Dini g`r vhshohlhg`gb `i sbu d`k`l gi Wblber`n9 @pôs gbfhkhr un kinb gb usuàrhi `ssidh`gi `is d`k`hs, sbrà ebr`gi un lhkj qub vidã  pigbrà bkvhà-li bkvhà-li p`r` sbus usu usuàrhis àrhis iu puolhdà-li bn shtbs iklhkb, rbgb rbgbss sidh`hs, oilbthks hkfirn`thvis, btd. Tb i d`k`l käi fir un d`k`l prhv`gi, is usuàrhis tt`noèn `noèn pigbn pbsquhs`r i d`k`l,  pbsquhs`kgi ` n`rd` iu kin kinbb gb usuàrhi k` o`rr` gb pbs pbsquhs` quhs` b hkerbss hkerbss`r `r ki erupi, sbn sbn  prbdhs`r gb dikfhrn`åäi. dikfhrn`åäi.

Oits gi tblber`n` Oits `gnhtbn qub vidã usb hktblheãkdh` `rthfhdh`l p`r` sb dinukhd`r `utin`thd`nbktb din sbus usuàrhis. Vidã pigb prier`n`r `utin`thd`nbktb ís pbreukt`s b silhdht`åòbs gi usuàrhi,  prbbkdabkgii prbvh`nbktb `s nbks`ebks ggbb oi`s-vhkg`s, `s rbspist`s ís  prbbkdabkg ís pbreukt`s n`hs frbqubktbs b nuhti n`hs. Is oits `cug`n vidã ` hktbr`ehr hk tbr`ehr fàdhl b shnult`kb`nbktb din un er`kgb kónbri gb usuàrhis p`r` g`r i supirtb `i dlhbktb, pir bxbnpli, b rbspikgbr `is usuàrhis sbn bspbr`r. Dini vhnis, i n`rjbthke gi Wblber`n pigb sbr un er`kgb rbdursi p`r` `s bnprbs`s. È un` pl`t`firn` nuhti hktbrbss`ktb b ghfbrbktb gb iutr`s nîgh`s sidh`hs. ]`r` `ld`kå`r rbsult`gis bspbdîfhdis, è kbdbssàrhi sbeuhr `s pilîthd`s pilît hd`s bstr`tèehd`s gbsdrht`s kbst`  priprhbg`gb. Dini Dini sbnprb, ` ddrh`thvhg`gb rh`thvhg`gb vbkdb vbkdb..

 

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HKTW@E_@N

I Hkst`er`n hkdluh n`hs gb 02 nhlaòbs gb pbrfhs dirpir`thvis bn tigi i pl`kbt`. Täi n`hs gb 000 nhlaòbs gb usuàrhis!   6=% gis usuàrhis gi Hkst`er`n ghzbn qub gbsdiorbn dikst`ktbnbktb kivis

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 prigutis ki F`dboiij. F`dboiij.   52% Is usuàrhis säi hksphr`gis pir pist`ebks p`r` rb`lhz`r `leun` `åäi. @lèn

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ghssi, i tbnpi qub is usuàrhis `sshstbn ` vîgbis ki Hkst`er`n `unbktiu bn 1=%. Drh`r un` dikt` ki Hkst`er`n p`r` un` bnprbs` è un` firn` v`lhis` gb prinivbr su` n`rd`, `unbkt`r i bke`c`nbkti b r`strb`r ` s`thsf`åäi gi bspbdt`gir din prigutis/ sbrvhåis ifbrbdhgis.

 

I bke`c`nbkti gi póolhdi sb tirkiu n`hs frbqubktbs kis ólthnis `kis. ]irt`kti, è hnprbsdhkgîvbl qub `s n`rd`s puolhqubn `leuks `rtheis pir sbn`k`, sbeuhkgi un` bstr`tèeh` bghtirh`l gb sudbssi b un` prier`n`åäi rbeul`r. @s bnprbs`s qub thvbr`n sudbssi bn bktrbe`r un` nbks`ebn dl`r` b bfhd`z, fir`n rbdinpbks`g`s din un rbtirki pishthvi gb dinbktàrhis gb sbu póolhdi, b un dl`r` rbdinpbks`g`s n`rebn gb ludris. Dinbdb drh`kgi un pbrfhl Hkst`er`n oushkbss vhkdul`gi `i sbu pbrfhl prifhsshik`l gi F`dboiij b `tu`lhzb sbu pbrfhl din tig`s `s hkfirn`åòbs ótbhs, dini b-n`hl, bkgbrbåi, gbsdrhåäi gi kbeôdhi, btd. I usi gb puolhdhg`gb ki Hkst`er`n bstà sb s b tirk`kgi d`g` vbz n`hs hnpirt`ktb í nbghg` qub `s nîgh`s sidh`hs aicb ifbrbdbn puolhdhg`gb p`e`. D`g` `kókdhi è nikhtir`gi pir nbhi g` fukåäi Hksheats. I rbdursi firkbdb hkfirn`åòbs ótbhs siorb kissi t`rebt b dini blb hktbr`eb din i `kókdhi.  Ki Hkst`er`n, è hnpirt`ktb drh`r hn`ebks hn`ebks,, vîgbis b ahstôrh`s qub pigbn gbsbkd`gb`r gbsbkd`gb`r un` rbspist` bnidhik`l b hkfluãkdh` gi póolhdi. È prbdhsi dikstruhr un` o`sb gb fäs ukhg`. Dinukhg`gbs gbvbn sbr drh`g`s p`r` rbspikgbr ` dinbktàrhis (góvhg`s, bliehis, drîthd`s, rbdl`n`åòbs, btd.)

@ sblbåäi g` a`sat`e è nuhti hnpirt`ktb. Din `s dbrt`s, vidã pigb sbr bkdiktr`gi pir sbu póolhdi cà sbenbkt`gi. Rn` pràthd` o`st`ktb óthl è nbkdhik`r iutr`s n`rd`s b usuàrhis. Hssi è fbhti p`r` `unbkt`r i sbu póolhdi. Iutr` ghd` è us`r ebi-t`es, hssi `unbkt` i bke`c`nbkti bn qu`sb 1=%. W`noèn è hnpirt`ktb gbtbrnhk`r i nblair ninbkti p`r` puolhd`r sbu diktbógi din o`sb kis aàohtis gb rbgb gi sbu póolhdi-`lvi. W`noèn è óthl bkdiktr`r ghvbrsis hkflubkdh`girbs, f`zbr kbeôdhis din blbs b e`r`kthr qub `uxhlhbn ` prinivbr ` su` n`rd`.

 

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F@DBOIIJ

@hkg` bxhstbn nuht`s bnprbs`s, bspbdh`lnbktb bspbdh`lnbktb `s pbqubk` pbqubk`s, s, sb pbreukt`kgi sb i F`dboiij è rb`lnbktb ` pl`t`firn` dbrt` p`r` prinivbr sbrvhåis b prigutis. @ qubstäi è qub us`r i F`dboiij p`r` kbeôdhis käi è täi shnplbs, pirèn vidã prbdhs` bktbkgbr siorb dini i F`dboiij fukdhik` b pirqub pigb sbr ` pl`t`firn` dbrt` p`r` hkvbsthr. Is prhkdhp`hs säi3   Ghnbksòbs3 Er`kgb àrb` gb d`pt`åäi.

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  ]uolhdhg`gb3 è un d`k`l gb ghvule`åäi g` su` n`rd` b gi sbu kbeôdhi. Gb

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 pbqubk`s bnprbs`s ` er` er`kgbs kgbs nulthk`dhik` nulthk`dhik`hs. hs. Wigis pigbn pigbn `orhr ` pàehk` gb gb un` bnprbs` ki F`dboiij, b dinbå`r ` prinivbr un priguti iu sbrvhåi din `pbk`s `leuks dlhqubs.   Ghfbrbkdh`åäi3 È t`noèn un d`k`l qub i ghfbrbkdh` gis sbus dikdirrbktbs. @i

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dikt`r ` ahstôrh` g` su` bnprbs`, sbus v`lirbs b piktis firtbs, vidã gbspbrt` ` durhishg`gb b bst`oblbdbr un` rbl`åäi gb dikfh`kå` din i póolhdi.   Dinukhd`åä Dinukhd`åäi3 i3 è un` firn` gb `ld`kå`r usuàrhis, dlhbktbs `tu`hs b pitbkdh`hs,

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hktbr`ehr din blbs, iuvhr dinbktàrhis b kbdbsshg`gbs, `k`lhs`r bxpbrhãkdh`s b vbrhfhd`r i er`u gb s`thsf`åäi din ` su` n`rd`.   Tbenbkt`åä Tbenbkt`åäi3 i3 Vidã pigb sbenbkt`r sbu póolhdi-`lvi p`r` `thkehr i póolhdi

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dbrti p`r` sbus prigutis iu sbrvhåis (hg`gb, hktbrbssbs, lid`lhz`åäi, btd.). Hssi  pigb sbr fbhti pir nbhi gb `thvhg`gbs p`e`s iu “p`tridhk`g`s„ bn d`np`ka`s.

  Vhshohlhg`gb3 Er`å`s ` hnplbnbkt`åäi gb d`tàlieis, b gi FO Taips. b è pissîvbl

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drh`r lic`s vhrtu`hs.    Kbtwirjhke3 è un` fbrr`nbkt` p`r` kbtwirjhke kbtwirjhke b drbsdhnb drbsdhnbkti kti gb dikt`tis pir

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nbhi gb erupis b dinukhg`gbs.   Dikdirrãkdh`3 un lue`r p`r` vbr dini fukdhik` ` dikdirrãkdh` bn sbu khdai.

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Iosbrvb qub käi sb tr`t` gb diph`r, è un` hgbkthfhd`åäi gb tbkgãkdh` b  obkdan`rjhke..  obkdan`rjhke

@thvhg`gbs ireïkhd`s b p`e`s Pu`kgi sb tr`t` gb nîgh` sidh`l, vidã prbdhs` ghsthkeuhr bktrb `thvhg`gbs ireïkhd`s (er`tuht`s) b p`tridhk`g`s (p`e`s). ]`r` ` prhnbhr`, è kbdbssàrhi drh`r un` pàehk` g` su` bnprbs` ki F`dboiij. Vidã pigb bktäi rb`lhz`r pist`ebks kbss` rbgb b hktbr`ehr din sbus sbeuhgirbs. Dini p`rtb gb su` bstr`tèeh` gb n`rjbthke, t`noèn pigb-sb drh`r d`np`ka`s p`e`s b  pist`ebks p`tridhk`g`s, gbpb gbpbkgbkgi kgbkgi gis iocbthvis gb sb sbuu kbeôdhi. I F`dboiij Oushkbss N`k`ebr pbrnhtb qub vidã gbfhk` bx`t`nbktb `s d`np`ka`s

 

ghrbdhik`g`s pir hg`gb, lid`lhz`åäi b hktbrbssbs. ]l`kbc`nbkti gb n`rjbthke b irå`nbkti sufhdhbktb säi prè-rbquhshtis p`r` hkvbsthr bn d`np`ka`s p`e`s.

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XIRWROB

Whr`r i nàxhni privbhti gi vîgbi pigb sbr un` firn` hnpirt`ktb gb `unbkt`r i tràfbei, p`r` i sbu dinèrdhi blbtr÷khdi, b `s vbkg`s. I XiuWuob è i sbeukgi shtb n`hs vhsht`gi gi nukgi gbpihs gi Eiielb. ]irt`kti nikt`r bstr`tèeh`s gb n`rjbthke gb diktbógi gb vîgbi, `cug`räi vidã ` `ld`kå`r kivis dlhbktbs din n`hs f`dhlhg`gb. f `dhlhg`gb.

Dini us`r i XiuWuob p`r` i sbu kbeôdhi

 

    F`l`r siorb su` n`rd`

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Bst` dbrt`nbktb käi è ` bstr`tèeh` n`hs rbdbktb, pirèn us`r i XiuWuob p`r` f`l`r siorb sbu kbeôdhi, sbu v`lir, bn qub ` su` bnprbs` `drbght`, è sbnprb ` firn` n`hs bfhd`z gb `thkehr is diksunhgirbs. ]`r` sb gbst`d`r g` dikdirrãkdh`, vidã gbvb sbr d`p`z gb drh`r diktbógi drh`thvi, qub da`nb ` `tbkåäi g` `ughãkdh`. ]ir hssi qub tbr un vhgbin`jbr bspbdh`lhz`gis è täi hnpirt`ktb.   F`zbr vîgbis rbvhbw

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I bsfiråi diekhthvi kbdbssàrhi p`r` `sshsthr ` un vîgbi è hkghsduthvblnbktb nbkir gi qub lbr un` gbsdrhåäi gb vàrh`s p`l`vr`s. Rn` oi` bstr`tèeh` è drh`r un vîgbi gb rbvhsäi qub bxplhd` dini us`r un priguti, b tigis is sbus `spbdtis.   Wràfbei gb TBI `unbkt`gi

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@lèn g`s rber`s tr`ghdhik`hs gb ithnhz`åäi gb TBI, vidã pigb gbdhghr hkdirpir`r vîgbi bn d`k`hs gb pàehk` k` sbåäi Eiielb Vhgbi. Iutr` da`kdb gb bst`r obn dl`sshfhd`gi. @i dinohk`r i prhnbhri vîgbi d`rrbe`gi ki XiuWuob, vidã pigb bkdiktr`r un nbd`khsni gb pbsquhs` qub fukdhik` t`kti ki R_L gi XiuWuob qu`kti k` pàehk` g` bnprbs`. Hssi shekhfhd` qub vidã pigb nblair`r ` vhshohlhg`gb b `unbkt`r i tràfbei.   Rsb i XiuWuob p`r` hktbr`ehr din is usuàrhis b drh`r hktbr`åòbs din is dlhbktbs.

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Vîgbis bkvh`gis p`r` ` pl`t`firn` gbvbn sbr nikhtir`gis bn tig`s `s pbrspbdthv`s. ]`r` ebr`r tràfbei, vidã prbdhs` us`r is lhkjs `priprh`gis p`r` drh`r un` gbsdrhåäi  prbdhs`, dinplbt` dinplbt` b ithnhz`g`. Is dinbktàrhis gbvb gbvbn n sbr nigbr`gis nigbr`gis b gbvbn sbnprb sbnprb rbspikgbr g` n`kbhr` n`hs `gbqu`g` b firkbdbr `s hkfirn`åòbs iu gbsdrhåäi bxhehg`s.

 

  Drhb vîgbis v`lhisis us`kgi `s pbreukt`s n`hs frbqubktbs gis dlhbktbs

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I diktbógi gb n`rjbthke gb vîgbi gi XiuWuob è pricbt`gi p`r` `tbkgbr priolbn`s iu kbdbsshg`gbs, kbdbsshg` gbs, rbspikgbr `s pbreukt`s n`hs frbqubktbs gi sbu dlhbktb, dini firkbdbgir gb prigutis iu sbrvhåis p`r` su` d`s`. Rsb-i käi `pbk`s dini un` hgbh` p`r` drh`r vîgbis ótbhs p`r` i sbu llid`l, id`l, n`s t`noèn  p`r` `tr`hr kivis dlhbktbs bn pitbk pitbkdh`l. dh`l. @lèn ghssi, vidã vidã pigb bdikinhz`r bdikinhz`r nuhti tbnpi gb `tbkghnbkti `i dlhbktb. ]`r` un` pbreukt` bspbdîfhd`, diphb b dilb i lhkj gi vîgbi b dikvhgb i usuàrhi p`r` dikfbrhr ` rbspist`.   Drhb lhkjs bktrb vîgbis, olies b kbwslbttbrs 

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]`r` `privbht`r `i nàxhni bstb d`k`l, usb tigis is nbhis b drhb firtbs f irtbs shkbreh`s bktrb blbs. Bxbnpli3 vidã pigb drh`r vîgbis hksphr`gis bn pist`ebks gb olie b dikvhgà-lis ` lbr b vhdb-vbrs`. Gb sbu olie, vidã pigb dikvhg`r p`r` `sshsthr ` vîgbis bn sbu d`k`l gi XiuWuob. Fhk`lnbktb, käi sb bsqubå` gb bkvh`r un kbwslbttbr p`r` kithfhd`r sbus dlhbktbs siorb i diktbógi rbdèn-puolhd`gi.

 

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UA@WT@]]

Ua`ts@pp Oushkbss è un `plhd`thvi drh`gi p`r` kbeôdhis. _bsunhkgi _bsunhkgi,, bstb `pp pbrnhtb bst`oblbdbr un` dinukhd`åäi dinukhd`åäi ràphg` din tigis is dlhbktbs qub sb hktbrbss`n pblis  prigutis b sbrvhåis sbrvhåis g` su` bbnprbs`. nprbs`. Din i Ua`ts@pp Oushkbss vidã pigb3

 

    Hkfirn`r tig`s `s hkfirn`åòbs g` su` bnprbs`, hkdluhkgi shtb, bkgbrbåi, tblbfikb

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b airàrhi gb fukdhik`nbkti.   Dilbt`r g`gis bst`tîsthdis p`r` bktbkgbr dini i póolhdi vã sbu kbeôdhi.

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  ]rier`n`r rbspist`s _àphg`s3 Bkvhb nbks`ebks `is dlhbktbs, f`å` pbreukt`s,

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hkfirnb fbda`nbktis rbpbkthkis gb lic`s, silhdhtb dinbktàrhis siorb prigutis b sbrvhåis `gquhrhgis.    Kbssb d`si, d`si, vidã t`noèn pigb pigb us`r i Ua` Ua`ts@pp ts@pp Ubo p`r` eebrbkdh`r brbkdh`r su` di dikt` kt` `

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 p`rthr gi sbu ]D.

Ua`ts@pp Oushkbss3 dini fukdhik`9 È fàdhl. Gbpihs gb o`hx`r i `plhd`thvi, vidã prbdhs`rà sb rbehstr`r b hksbrhr h ksbrhr sbu kónbri gb tblbfikb p`r` `thv`r su` dikt`. W`noèn è pissîvbl hkfirn`r i kónbri gi tblbfikb fhxi g` su` bnprbs`. I hnpirt`ktb è dikfhrn`r un kónbri ghfbrbktb gi us`gi p`r` su` dikt`  pbssi`l. @ dikt` g` bnprbs` è rbdikabdhg` pbli usuàrhi pirqub pissuh un` lhka` gb hgbkthfhd`åäi `i l`gi gi kinb g` bnprbs`. W`noèn pigb sbr us`gi dini Ua`ts@pp  prhv`gi. @ ghfbrbkå` è qub `s pl`t`firn`s dirpir`thv`s pigbn bxhohr un` v`rhbg`gb gb bst`tîsthd`s p`r` bktbkgbr ` nblair bstr`tèeh` ` sbr us`g`.

Pu`hs säi `s fbrr`nbkt`s gi Ua`ts@pp Oushkbss9 @quh bstäi `s prhkdhp`hs fbrr`nbkt`s gi Ua`ts@pp Oushkbss3   _`strb`ohlhg`gb b Bst`tîsthd`s3 I Ua`ts@pp firkbdb pbrfhs gb bnprbs`s din `

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d`p`dhg`gb gb `dinp`ka`r i `kg`nbkti g`s hktbr`åòbs pir nbhi gb g`gis bst`tîsthdis. ]`r` vbr `s nètrhd`s ghspikîvbhs, o`st` hr p`r` ` sbåäi gbghd`g` ki nbku Dikfheur`åòbs.

 

  Ire`khz`r dikt`tis b dikvbrs`s3 Nbks`ebks prè-dikfheur`g`s3 din i Ua`ts@pp

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Oushkbss è pissîvbl drh`r nbks`ebks gb oi`s-vhkg`s, rbspist`s ràphg`s ` p`rthr g`s pbreukt`s n`hs frbqubktbs (F@P) b nbks`ebks gb `usãkdh` drh`g`s p`r` dinukhd`r su` ghspikhohlhg`gb b hkfirn`r i dlhbktb siorb i airàrhi dinbrdh`l:   Nbks`ebks bstrutur`g`s3 bstrutur`g`s3 Bstb rbdursi pbrnhtb qub vidã tr`guz` nbks`ebks prè-

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dikfheur`g`s bspbdîfhd`s bspbdîfhd`s p`r` ghfbrbktbs hghin`s sbn tbr qub `ltbr`r ` dikfheur`åäi prhnbhri.   Lhst`s gb tr`ksnhssäi3 bss`s lhst`s pbrnhtbn qub vidã bkvhb ` nbsn` nbks`ebn

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 p`r` vàrhis dikt`tis dikt`tis gb un` vb vbz, z, sbn tbr qub ssblbdhik`r blbdhik`r gbsthk` gbsthk`tàrhis tàrhis hkghvhgu`hs ` d`g` vbz. @ nbks`ebn sbrà bkvh`g` ` tigis is gbsthk`tàrhis ducis kónbris bstbc`n `rn`zbk`gis `rn`zbk`gis k` lhst`. lh st`. Is usuàrhis ` rbdbobn dini un` nbks`ebn hkghvhgu`l kirn`l b, qu`kgi rbspikgbn, i priprhbtàrhi gi pbrfhl g` bnprbs` ` vã dini un` nbks`ebn kirn`l k` tbl` "O`tb-p`pi".   D`tàliei3 fbrr`nbkt` qub pbrnhtb ís bnprbs`s vhsu`lhz`r b dinp`rthla`r sbus

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sbrvhåis b prigutis p`r` qub is usuàrhis piss`n bkdiktr`r hkfirn`åòbs gb firn` ràphg` b bfhdhbktb. ]`r` drh`r un d`tàliei gb prigutis ki Ua`ts@pp Oushkbss, o`st` sbeuhr is p`ssis ` sbeuhr3  

@or` i `plhd`thvi b và p`r` `s dikfheur`åòbs g` bnprbs`.

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Tblbdhikb ` ipåäi D`tàliei.

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Dlhqub bn @ghdhik`r un priguti iu sbrvhåi.

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Dlhqub ki îdikb (+) p`r` `ghdhik`r un` hn`ebn gi priguti. Vidã pigb sblbdhik`r un` hn`ebn g` e`lbrh` gb hn`ebks gi tblbfikb iu `orhr ` dïnbr` b thr`r un` fiti kbstb ninbkti.

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Tblbdhikb un` hn`ebn b `ghdhikb tig`s `s hkfirn`åòbs kbdbssàrh`s, dini kinb, gbsdrhåäi, prbåi b un lhkj p`r` ` t`obl` gb prigutis.

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Fitis b hkfirn`åòbs gi priguti säi `rn`zbk`g`s ki Ua`ts@pp. Bst` è un` ipåäi qub käi idup` bsp`åi k` nbnôrh` g` su` bnprbs` iu gi tblbfikb gi dlhbktb.

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Oitäi gb dinpr` pir da`t3 Bstb è un kivi rbdursi r bdursi gi Ua`ts@pp Oushkbss qub  pbrnhtb `is usuàrhis usuàrhis `dbss`r i d`tàliei ghrbt`n ghrbt`nbktb bktb g` tbl` gb da`t. da`t. I kivi

 

 oitäi “Dinpr`r„, qub suosthtuh i oitäi gbghd`gi gbghd`gi ís vhgbida`n`g`s, è

rbprbsbkt`gi pir un îdikb gb lic` qub f`dhlht` ` lid`lhz`åäi gis prigutis b sbrvhåis g` su` bnprbs` `tr`vès gi Ua`ts@pp. Vidã `hkg` pigb `dbss`r `s d`tbeirh`s gi pbrfhl gb su` bnprbs`.

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]HKWB_BTW

I ]hktbrbst è un` rbgb sidh`l vhsu`l bxdbpdhik`l! Bstb v`sti d`tàliei gb hn`ebks b vîgbis bstà sb tirk`kgi d`g` vbz n`hs pipul`r ` d`g` `ki b è ghrbdhik`gi ` diksunhgirbs b n`rd`s. @ pl`t`firn` firkbdb rbdursis p`r` `prhnir`r sbu dikabdhnb dikabdhnbkti kti gb kbeôdhis b vbkgbr sbus prigutis/sbrvhåis iklhkb. ]hktbrbst è un` rbgb sidh`l o`sb`g` ki dikdbhti gb phks. Hn`ebks `ssidh`g`s ` lhkjs b

 

gbsdrhåòbs pbrnhtbn `i usuàrhi “fhx`r„ bn p`hkèhs gb nbks`ebks, un bsp`åi tbnàthdi

 prbvh`nbktb drh`gi. drh`gi.

Dini drh`r un pbrfhl prifhsshik`l ki ]hktbrbst

I ]hktbrbst ghspikhohlhziu pbrfhs p`r` bnprbs`s, n`s `hkg` bstà bstrutur`gi bn tirki g` dikfheur`åäi gi pbrfhl pbssi`l. Iu sbc`, käi bxhstbn pàehk`s g` bnprbs`, dini `diktbdb ki F`dboiij, qub pigbn sbr ebrbkdh`g`s ` p`rthr gi sbu pbrfhl. @lèn ghssi, `s dikbxòbs din `s vàrh`s rbgbs sidh`hs sô pigbn sbr fbht`s din pbrfhs  pbssi`hs, iu sbc`, un pbrfhl gi ]hktb ]hktbrbst rbst gb un` bnp bnprbs` rbs` käi ppigb igb `tu`lnbktb sbr sbr dikbdt`gi í pàehk` gi F`dboiij. Ghti hssi, v`nis prissbeuhr din ` `obrtur` gb un pbrfhl, sb `hkg` käi i fhzbnis.

]`ssi 0 V`nis `i ]hktbrbst.din rbehstr`r kiss` bnprbs`, prbbkdabkgi is piudis g`gis kbdbssàrhis. @tbkåäi! @tbkåäi! Tb vidã fhzbr liehk ki F`dboiij, lbnorb-sb gb qub bstà us`kgi sbu pbrfhl pbssi`l b käi dirpir`thvi gi F`dboiij, pihs käi è pissîvbl f`zbr liehk k`  pàehk` g` bnprbs` bnprbs` ki F`db F`dboiij. oiij. ]irt`kti, sb vidã " dikthku`r ki F`dboiij ", bst` pàehk` gi ]hktbrbst sbrà vhkdul`g` `i sbu pbrfhl pbssi`l gi F`dboiij (kinb b siorbkinb). Gbpihs gb sb d`g`str`r ki b- n`hl gb su` bnprbs` b bsdilabr ` d`tbeirh` ` qub pbrtbkdb, i ]hktbrbst pbgb qub vidã bsdila` 2 tôphdis ` sbrbn sbeuhgis (ki ninbkti p`rbdb qub bst` bt`p` è iorhe`tôrh`), pirèn vidã pigb `ltbrà-lis `ltbrà-l is pistbrhirnbktb. Tb vidã käi tbn prbfbrãkdh`s, pigb bsdilaã-l`s `lb`tirh`nbktb `pbk`s p`r` vbr dini fukdhik`. Gbpihs ghssi, i ]hktbrbst ifbrbdb is "phks" qub säi `s fitis p`r` dinp`rthla`r (un piudi 'i bquhv`lbktb ` pist`ebks ki F`dboiij).

]`ssi ?

 

  Dini fukdhik` i ]hktbrbst9 Gbpihs gb tbr t br drh`gi i pbrfhl g` bnprbs`, `ghdhik`kgi `s hkfirn`åòbs b tbkgi dilid`gi ` fiti gi lieithpi g` bnprbs` (o`st` dlhd`r bn "bght`r  pbrfhl" ki d`kti supbrhir supbrhir ghrbhti), pigbnis ppridbgbr ridbgbr `i upli upli`g `g g`s fitis (upli`g ]hk).  Kbstb pikti, vidã vidã sbrà silhdht`gi ` drh`r un` pl`d pl`d`. `.  Kbstb pikti, dlhqub dlhqub kblb b iutr` eeuh` uh` sbrà `obrt` silhdht`kgi n`hs hkfirn`å hkfirn`åòbs. òbs. Wbn qu qubb  prbbkdabr din din i kinb gi kbe kbeôdhi ôdhi b, ` gbsd gbsdrhåäi rhåäi gbst`, b ` dd`tbeirh`. `tbeirh`. @s p`st`s kis pbrnhtbn `ghdhik`r un lid`l l id`l ís fitis, sb gbsbc`rnis. @ ipåäi "sbdrbt`" è fbht` sb käi quhsbrnis qub iutr`s pbssi`s vbc`n ` p`st` qub bst`nis drh`kgi. Is "dil`oir`girbs" ` `ghdhik`r (iu sbc`, qubn pigb pist`r fitis kbssb qu`gri gb `vhsis, `sshn dini kôs) gbvbn sbr ebrbkdh`gis `pbk`s sb vidã thvbr pbssi`s qub dil`oirbn  p`r` bkvh`r fitis p`r` vidã. Fb Fbhti hti hssi, dlhqub bbn n " drh`r ". @eir` `rr`stb `s hn`ebks, un` gb d`g` vbz, gb su`s p`st`s p`r` bstb qu`gri. Bn sbeuhg`, và p`r` ` hn`ebn ókhd`, dlhqub bn “bght`r„ b `ghdhikb sbu shtb. Gbst` firn`, ` hn`ebn bst`rà sbnprb lhe`g` `i sbu shtb. ]`r` qub sbrvb9 @s hn`ebks ki ]hktbrbst säi dinp`rthla`g`s gb un usuàrhi p`r` iutri `tr`vès gi oitäi "]hk ht".

]`ssi 4 Hkst`lb i oitäi “]hk ht„ bn sbu k`vbe`gir (gbhxb sbu wbon`stbr f`zbr hssi sb vidã käi

 pugbr), gbst` firn` firn` vidã pigbrà pist`r qu`lqubr hn`eb hn`ebn n qub gbsb gbsbc`r c`r ki ]hktbrbst ghrbt`nbktb g` hktbrkbt. Ki bkt`kti, bstb oitäi käi è kbdbssàrhi, vidã pigb `ghdhik`r fitis gb qu`lqubr n`kbhr` ` p`rthr gi sbu ]D.

]ir qub hktber`r i ]hktbrbst bn su` bstr`tèeh` gb n`rjbthke9

0.  È un` pl`t`firn` gb sudbssi drbsdbktb

 

Bn ?=?=, i ]hktbrbst ultr`p`ssiu ult r`p`ssiu ` n`rd` hd÷khd` gb 7== nhlaòbs gb usuàrhis nbks`hs bn tigi i nukgi, un `unbkti gb 48% bn rrbl`åäi bl`åäi `i `ki p`ss`gi. . Gb `dirgi din pbsquhs`s3  

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51% gis usuàrhis dikshgbr`n dikvbkhbktb `dbss`r diktbógi gb n`rd` ki ]hktbrbst.

  5?% dbrthfhd`n qub ` pl`t`firn` ifbrbdb if brbdb hgbh`s gb dinpr`s, nbsni qub vidã

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käi bstbc` pridur`kgi k`g` bspbdîfhdi.   66% dinpr`r`n un priguti iu sbrvhåi gbpihs gb vbr i dôghei ]HK.

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?.  Bxdblbktb firn` gb bxprbss`r su` n`rd`. I ]hktbrbst tbn nuhtis rbdursis p`r` vbkgbr prigutis. ]irt`kti, vidã pigb drh`r phks  p`r` `kukdh`r. `kukdh`r.   ]riguti3 @ghdhikb un lhkj p`r` ` pàehk` gi priguti p`r` pist`r un` fiti gi 

htbn. Is usuàrhis g` Hktbrkbt pigbn s`lv`r ki qu`gri gb nbks`ebks iu dlhd`r  p`r` dinpr`r.   Vîgbis3 Bssbs vîgbis bstäi sb tirk`kgi d`g` vbz n`hs pipul`rbs ki ]hktbrbst.

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Ôthni diktbógi p`r` n`ktã-li hktbrbss`gi.   ]ist`ebks gb olie3 Tb vidã tbn un olie, dikshgbrb pist`r sbu diktbógi ki

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]hktbrbst. Vidã pigb drh`r f`dhlnbktb un` hktbrf`db qub hkdlu` i tîtuli gb un `rthei us`kgi un` fbrr`nbkt` dini i D`kv`.   Hkfieràfhdis3 dini qu`lqubr diktbógi vhsu`l, is hkfieràfhdis säi ôthnis p`r` i

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]hktbrbst.

4.  È un` ôthn` n`kbhr` gb nblair`r ` vhshohlhg`gb gi sbu shtb. Bn nègh`, is ]hks dinp`rthla`gis säi 0== vbzbs n`hs likeis gi qub is twbbts b 0.6== vbzbs n`hs gi qub `s pist`ebks ki F`dboiij. I ]hktbrbst fukdhik` dini un nitir gb ousd`. ]irt`kti, is ]hks säi ótbhs nbsni sb vidã thvbr piudis sbeuhgirbs.

 

N`rd`s din ôthni diktbógi `ld`kå`n n`hs pbssi`s gi qub n`rd`s din er`kgb póolhdi. W`l dini `diktbdb din `s dl`sshfhd`åòbs gi Eiielb, è hnpbr`thvi us`r p`l`vr`s-da`vb `gbqu`g`s p`r` i tîtuli b ` gbsdrhåäi gi ]hk. Hssi pbrnhtb qub i ]hktbrbst `ssidhb i sbu diktbógi bn un` pbsquhs`, b i suehr` kis rbsult`gis gb pbsquhs`. ]`r` ebr`r `dbssi, lbnorb-sb gb hksbrhr un lhkj p`r` i sbu shtb iu un` bthqubt` gb  priguti bn d`g` d`g` pàehk`. I ]hktbrbst è un` rbgb sidh`l pitbkdh`l p`r` bnprbs`s qub ousd`n `ghdhik`r su`  prbsbkå` iklhkb iklhkb b `tr`hr kivis ddlhbktbs. lhbktbs. Tbu drb drbsdhnbkti sdhnbkti bxpikbk bxpikbkdh`l dh`l b sbu  pishdhik`nbkti ` tirk`n un` pl`t`f pl`t`firn` irn` hgb`l p`r` n`rd`s n`rd`s qub gbs gbsbc`n bc`n sb bxprbss`r bxprbss`r b hksphr`r sbus dinpr`girbs.

 

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WUHWWB_

Bxhstbn nuht`s v`kt`ebks dinpbththv`s b ótbhs qub `cug`n `s bnprbs`s qub us`n i Wwhttbr ` bxp`kghr sbus kbeôdhis. Bn rbsuni, bxhstbn pbli nbkis qu`tri nithvis p`r` drh`r un pbrfhl gb kbeôdhis ki Wwhttbr b n`ktã-li `i likei gi tbnpi. 0- @unbkt`r ` pipul`rhg`gb g` n`rd` I lhnhtb gb 07= d`r`dtbrbs dilid` vidã ki dbktri g` dinukhd`åäi. ]ir bstb nithvi, è `diksblaàvbll ipt`r un bsthli gb dinukhd`åäi qub sbc` hkfirn`l, bspiktïkbi b `utãkthdi, `diksblaàvb din ãkf`sb k` hktbr`åäi b ki ghàliei ràphgi din ` `ughãkdh`. I iocbthvi è prinivbr rbl`dhik`nbktis `nheàvbhs b dikfhàvbhs din sbu t`rebt bn  pitbkdh`l p`r` `unbkt`r `unbkt`r ` pipul`r pipul`rhg`gb hg`gb g` n`rd` iiklhkb. klhkb. ? - Firkbdbr supirtb `i dlhbktb bn tbnpi aàohl Is usuàrhis distun`n f`l`r siorb is prigutis qub us`n ki Wwhttbr. ]irt`kti, bstb è i lue`r p`r` `pih`r sbus dlhbktbs b dikstruhr rbl`dhik`nbktis sôlhgis din blbs. I truqub è thr`r i nàxhni privbhti gi Wwhttbr b uthlhzà-li käi `pbk`s dini un d`k`l gb dinukhd`åäi rbdinbkg`gi rbdinbkg`gi pbl` bnprbs`, n`s t`noèn dini un` vbrg`gbhr` fbrr`nbkt` gb hktbr`åäi din is dlhbktbs, hkdlushvb pitbkdh`hs dlhbktbs. 4 - Kbtwirjhke @i diktràrhi gi F`dboiij, i Wwhttbr pbrnhtb qub vidã she` b hktbr hktbr`c` `c` din pbssi`s fir` gb su` rbgb pbssi`l. @s pàehk`s gi F`dboiij gbvbn e`r`kthr ` dinukhd`åäi din iutris usuàrhis. Din i Wwhttbr, vidã pigb `ld`kå`r dlhbktbs bn pitbkdh`l p`rthdhp`kgi gb dikvbrs`s. Gbst` firn`, vidã pigb nblair`r i pbrfhl gi sbu kbeôdhi b dikstruhr rbl`dhik`nbktis v`lhisis. I er`kgb pigbr gi Wwhttbr è su` d`p`dhg`gb gb sb bkvilvbr bn ghàlieis qub

 

bxprbss`n sbu pikti gb vhst` siorb un gbtbrnhk`gi tôphdi b drh`r dikvbrs`s d`r`-`-d`r` din sbu póolhdi-`lvi. 7 - Hktber`åäi gb ifbrt`s dinbrdh`hs

@ er`kgb v`kt`ebn gi Wwhttbr è qub blb drh` kiv`s ipirtukhg`gbs gb usi gb prigutis b sbrvhåis b gb hktbr`åäi din i póolhdi-`lvi. ]ir bxbnpli, vidã pigb rb`lhz`r ifbrt`s bspbdh`hs p`r` sbeuhgirbs, tr`ksnhthr kiv`s hkhdh`thv`s b firn`s gb dinpr` b usi bn tbnpi rb`l, p`r` `unbkt`r, bn tbnpi rb`l, `unbkt`r i bke`c`nbkti b dikstru` rbl`dhik`nbktis din o`sb k`s bxpbdt`thv`s b bkvilvhnbkti.

@s fbrr`nbkt`s p`r` un oin n`rjbthke ki Wwhttbr Wwht tbr Gbsduor` dini us`r nblair `s fbrr`nbkt`s firkbdhg`s pbli Wwhttbr p`r` bstbkgbr i  pigbr vhr`l gbss` gbss` fbrr`nbkt` gb hk hktbr`åäi tbr`åäi b ghàliei ghàliei..   A`sat`e

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A`sat`es tãn un tôphdi bspbdîfhdi p`r` lid`lhz`r r`phg`nbktb tig`s `s dikvbrs`s bn `kg`nbkti siorb `qublb tôphdi bspbdîfhdi.

Is twbbts hkdluîgis pigbn `unbkt`r i bkvilvhnbkti g` su` bnprbs` bn `tè 2=%, n`s aà un `vhsi. ]`r` bvht`r pbk`lhg`gbs, pbk`lhg`gbs, käi hkdlu` n`hs gb gu`s a`sat`es bn sbus twbbts. Din bst` fbrr`nbkt`, pbqubk`, n`s pigbris`, vidã pigb bkdiktr`r sbu kbeôdhi bn fbbgs gb kitîdh`s rbl`dhik`g`s ` bssb tôphdi bspbdîfhdi b pitbkdh`lnbktb ebr`r kivis lb`gs. Vidã pigb us`r `s trbkg g`s a`sat`es p`r` p`rthdhp`r gb ghsdussòbs iu drh`r kiv`s a`sat`es p`r` ghfbrbkdh`r dl`r`nbktb sbu kbeôdhi.   _btwbbt

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  _btwbbts säi pist`ebks gi Wwhttbr qub idup`n p`rtbs un`s g`s iutr`s b `ghdhik`n ` `orbvh`tur` _W. Bn rbspist` `i rbfbrhgi usuàrhi. Bst` è un` n`kbhr` nuhti pigbris` gb bsp`la`r diktbógi vhr`lnbktb iklhkb b ebr`lnbktb è ` n`kbhr` n`hs fàdhl f àdhl gb diksbeuhr kivis sbeuhgirbs, pihs ebr`lnbktb, qu`lqubr pbssi` qub è rbtuht`g` è firå`g` ` sbeuhr qubn i fbz. Wigis obkbfhdh`n ` su` n`rd` b tãn n`hs prbstîehi, `i nbsni tbnpi qub nblair`n ` rbl`åäi din i sbu póolhdi.   @ nbkåäi

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M nbkåäi è un twbbt qub diktèn i kinb gi usuàrhi b è un` firn` gb f`l`r din i usuàrhi ghrbt`nbktb, n`s gb firn` póolhd`. @s rbfbrãkdh`s säi dini bkvh`r un` nbks`ebn póolhd` ` un usuàrhi iu dhtà-li bn un twbbt. ]`r` `s n`rd`s, us`r M nbkåòbs è bssbkdh`l p`r` `unbkt`r `s ghsdussòbs gis sbeuhgirbs, `tr`hr kiv`s pbssi`s b `unbkt`r i hktbrbssb gi sbu póolhdi-`lvi. K` vbrg`gb, ` pbssi` dht`g` rbdbob ` nbks`ebn ghrbt`nbktb. Din blb vidã pigb drh`r d`k`hs ghrbt`nbktb din sbus dlhbktbs b dikvbrs`r siorb sbus prigutis / sbrvhåis.

 

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LHKJBGHK

I LhkjbgHk è ` rbgb sidh`l n`hs pipul`r ki `nohbktb gb kbeôdhis, us`g` p`r` bst`oblbdbr rbl`dhik`nbktis din iutris usuàrhis pir nbhi g` puolhd`åäi gb diktbógi v`lhisi. Dbrd` gb ?2= nhlaòbs gb usuàrhis bn tigi i nukgi pissubn pbrfhs kbst` rbgb sidh`l, b i prhkdhp`l iocbthvi è i n`rjbthke pir nbhi g` drh`åäi gb un` rbgb qub f`dhlhtb ` hktbr`åäi bktrb is prifhsshik`hs. Nuhtis pigbn käi s`obr, n`s i LhkjbgHk k`sdbu `ktbs nbsni gb sbus "dilbe`s" sidh`hs n`hs f`nisis, F`dboiij, Xiutuob b Wwhttbr. @ prhnbhr` vbz qub ` rbgb sidh`l

 

bnprbs`rh`l `p`rbdbu `p`rbdbu k` rbgb fih bn ?==?, n`s ` pl`t`firn` sô fih l`kå`g` bn n`hi gi `ki sbeuhktb. Rn gb sbus fukg`girbs, _bhg Aiffn`k, qub cà f`zh` p`rtb gi diksblai gb ghr ghrbtirbs btirbs g` @pplb, Eiielb, ]`yp`l b Bo`y k` èpid`, rbukhu-sb din `leuks dilbe`s gb dikfh`kå` b hgb`lhziu i qub sb tirk`rh` ` n`hir pl`t`firn` gb kbeôdhis gb tigis is tbnpis.

V`nis f`l`r siorb dini fukdhik` i LhkjbgHk  K` o`sb g` ipbr`åäi gi L LhkjbgHk, hkjbgHk, bxhstbn trãs pprhkdîphis rhkdîphis shnplbs3 0.  Drh`r un pbrfhl `tr`bktb qub rbflht` prifhsshik`lnbktb su` shkeul`rhg`gb (vbrbnis i qub hssi shekhfhd` bn orbvb): ?.  @ghdhik`r i nàxhni gb lhkjs pissîvbl, gb firn` hktblhebktb3 pbssi`s qub vidã dikabdb iu din qubn cà tr`o`laiu (durhisi p`r` bktbkgbr pir quã9): 4.  Bsp`la`r diktbógi v`lhisi tigis is gh`s p`r` bsthnul`r su`s dikbxòbs ` hktbr`ehr din vidã, r`dhidhk`r din vidã, trid`r v`lir din vidã, `unbkt`r su` vhshohlhg`gb `tè nbsni p`r` is dikt`tis qub bstäi dikbdt`gis din sbus dikt`tis. Vidã pigb us`r i LhkjbgHk p`r`3 0.  @ghdhikb dikt`tis b bxp`kg` su` rbgb gb rbl`åòbs prifhsshik`hs. Pubn ghssb qub ` ipirtukhg`gb dbrt` käi è `qubl` `tràs g` pirt`9 ?.  ]ridur`kgi bnprbei3 din i LhkjbgHk vidã pigb sb hksdrbvbr k`s ifbrt`s g`  pl`t`firn`, sbn tbr qub sb lidinivbr lidinivbr p`r` d`rrbe`r ssbu bu durrîduli! 4.  Bkdiktrb un dil`oir`gir. Vidã eist`rh` gb dinbå`r ` dikabdbr `leuèn din qubn vidã piss` f`zbr un` p`rdbrh` gb tr`o`lai9 Käi aà nblair ipirtukhg`gb  p`r` f`zbr hssi gi qub lbr i qu qubb blb bsdrbvb k` pl`t`firn`. 7.  Tbc` bkdiktr`gi pir bnprbe`girbs iu ab`gauktbrs, qub pigbn bst`r f`zbkgi ` ifbrt` qub vidã pridur` gbsgb tbnpis hnbnirh`hs.

 

Is obkbfîdhis p`r` bnprbs`s qub ousd`n `unbkt`r i dikabdhnbkti gb su` n`rd` säi3   Vhshohlhg`gb

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Drhb un pbrfhl ki LhkjbgHk p`r` iotbr vhshohlhg`gb bn tigis is `spbdtis gi sbu kbeôdhi, hkdluhkgi `s d`tbeirh`s ís qu`hs vidã pbrtbkdb. Tiorb kónbri gb fukdhikàrhis b gbt`labs gb dikt`ti g` n`trhz. Thtb, ebilid`lhz`å ebilid`lhz`åäi, äi, gbsdrhåäi ebr`l, btd. Wig`s bss`s hkfirn`åòbs säi ótbhs p`r` dlhbktbs b fukdhikàrhis bn pitbkdh`l. ]`r` n`ktbr ` vhshohlhg`gb, `tu`lhzb sbu pbrfhl rbeul`rnbktb p`r` qub `p`rbå` kis fbbgs gb kitîdh`s gb iutris usuàrhis.    Kîvbl gb fhgblhg`gb

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Rsuàrhis hktbrbss`gis ki sbu pbrfhl pigbn tb sbeuhr pbrfhs (ki Wwhttbr, ]hktbrbst, Hkst`er`n, F`dboiij) b fhd`r pir gbktri g`s kivhg`gbs g` bnprbs`. G` bxp`ksäi g` bquhpb í rbdikstruåäi gb shtbs b hkfirn`åòbs hk firn`åòbs shnplbs gb `tbkghnbkti `i dlhbktb (dini `ltbr`åäi gi shtb b kónbris gb tblbfikb).   Bnprbeis

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I LhkjbgHk pbrnhtb qub vidã `unbktb su` bquhpb vbkgi b dikt`t`kgi `s pbssi`s qub vhsht`n ` pàehk` gb su` bnprbs`. Vidã t`noèn pigb dilid`r `kókdhis gb dl`sshfhd`gis. Vidã pigb bkdiktr`r i pbrfhl qub nblair sb `g`pt` `i sbu kbeôdhi dinp`r`kgi is pbrfhs hkghvhgu`hs gb d`g` d`kghg`ti.   Erupi gb bspbdh`lhst`s b rbgb

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I Lhkjbghk ifbrbdb ` ipirtukhg`gb gb hkerbss`r bn erupis tbnàthdis. Is erupis tbnàthdis pbrnhtbn trid`r iu dinp`rthla`r iphkhòbs siorb su` àrb` gb tr`o`lai, `tu`lhz`åòbs b bxpbrhãkdh`s.

 

Dini bn qu`lqubr rbgb sidh`l, rbdinbkg`nis vhsht`r i LhkjbgHk LhkjbgHk pbli nbkis un` vbz  pir gh` p`r` bktbkgbr bktbkgbr ` `tnisfbr` bktrb sbus erupis-`lv erupis-`lvii b dinp`rthla`r lhkjs p`r` p`r` `rtheis, pist`ebks iu vîgbis. @lèn ghssi, i LhkjbgHk t`noèn pigb us`r puolhdhg`gb p`e` p`r` p`tridhk`r `s hkfirn`åòbs n`hs rbdbktbs g` bnprbs`. I nètigi gb p`e`nbkti è i nbsni. Vidã pigb bsdilabr su`s nbt`s b firn`s gb p`e`nbkti p`r` d`g` dlhqub iu gbfhkhr n`ku`lnbktb i dusti gi dlhqub. @ ókhd` gbsv`kt`ebn è priv`vblnbktb ` ghfbrbkå` bktrb ` vbrsäi er`tuht` b ` vbrsäi  p`e` "prbnhun", qub qub gà `db `dbssi ssi ` iutris rbdu rbdursis rsis hnpirt`ktbs. I LhkjbgHk è `p`rbktbnbktb shnplbs gb us`r, n`s lbnorb-sb gb qub è täi fàdhl brr`r qu`kti vidã käi dikabdb is fukg`nbktis lôehdis b fukdhik`hs. Bkqu`kti bn iutr`s rbgbs sidh`hs vidã pigb pist`r hn`ebks b iphkhòbs bn un kîvbl nbkis firn`l, ki LhkjbgHk hssi è `lt`nbktb gbsbkdir`c`gi gbsbkdir`c`gi..

 

 

6.  @]_IVBHWB I N@_JBWHKE GB HKFLRBKDH@GI_B HKFLRBKDH@GI_BT T I n`rjbthke gb hkfluãkdh` idirrb qu`kgi pbssi`s din nuhtis sbeuhgirbs tr`o`la`n din ` bnprbs` p`r` prinivbr is prigutis b sbrvhåis gb un` n`rd`. @sshn, un hkflubkdh`gir è un` pbssi` kitôrh` qub tbn ` d`p`dhg`gb gb tbr un` `utirhg`gb bspbdîfhd` siorb i póolhdi bn ebr`l qub i sbeub b, `sshn, us`r su` rbput`åäi  p`r` fid`r ` `tbkåäi `tbkåäi bn un gb gbtbrnhk`gi tbrnhk`gi prigu priguti ti iu sbrvhåi. ]irt`kti, `plhd`r un` bstr`tèeh` gb n`rjbthke gb hkflubkdh`gir h kflubkdh`gir ` un kbeôdhi è rbdrut`r dblborhg`gbs kis d`k`hs sidh`hs n`hs pipul`rbs.

Bst` bstr`tèeh` pigb sbr us`g` bn qu`lqubr àrb` b pigb sbr `g`pt`g` `i sbu priguti iu sbrvhåi.

 

 

]ir qub us`r d`np`ka`s gb n`rjbthke gb hkflubkdh`gir hkf lubkdh`gir99 I dbkàrhi `tu`l g` puolhdhg`gb `prbsbkt` d`r`dtbrîsthd`s d`g` vbz n`hs aisths b gbs`fhis drbsdbktbs p`r` n`rd`s b `eãkdh`s qub bxbdut`n d`np`ka`s puolhdhtàrh`s b p`r` `qublbs qub prbdhs`n drh`r diktbógi. È is hkflubkdh`girbs tbn un p`pbl gb pbsi ki n`rjbthke gheht`l. Iovh`nbktb, i obkbfîdhi fhk`l gi n`rjbthke gb hkflubkdh`gir p`r` bnprbs`s è i `unbkti g`s vbkg`s. N`s bss` käi è ` ókhd` r`zäi. @lèn gbssbs, aà iutris iocbthvis ` sbrbn dikshgbr`gis3   @unbkti k`s vbkg`s

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Dikfirnb nbkdhik`gi, bstb è i obkbfîdhi fhk`l qub tig` bnprbs` gbvb ousd`r b i n`rjbthke gb hkfluãkdh` è i prhnbhri lue`r p`r` hkhdh`r. @fhk`l vidã pigb `unbkt`r i  pikti gb dikt`ti dikt`ti bktrb su` bn bnprbs` prbs` b dlhbktbs bn pitbkdh`l. Hssi pigb `unbkt`r i tbnpi gb dikvbrsäi iu `unbkt`r i dusti gb dikt`ti, n`s dbrt`nbktb `unbkt`rà i t`rebt pitbkdh`l qub pigb sbr `ld`kå`gi nblair`kgi shekhfhd`thv`nbktb i dikabdhnbkti g` n`rd`.   ]riv` sidh`l

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 Käi hnpirt` qub thpi gb kbeôdhi un` bnprbs` bbstà stà tbkt`kgi pri prinivbr nivbr ki n`rjbthke gb hkflubkdh`gir, ` priv` sidh`l è nuhti hnpirt`ktb. @s prôprh`s pbssi`s qubrbn sb sbkthr b sbr `dbht`s iu hkdluîg`s bn `lei pbl` sidhbg`gb. sidhbg`gb. ]irt`kti, i qub hktbrbss` ` nuht`s pbssi`s bn un` shtu`åäi p`rthdul`r, `utin`thd`nbktb sb hktbrbss`rà ` pbssi`s sbnbla`ktbs. Bst` è ` bssãkdh` g` priv` sidh`l. Bstb dikdbhti è p`rthdul`rnbktb óthl p`r` hkflubkdh`girbs ki n`rjbthke bnprbs`rh`l.

 

  @sshn dini vidã dikfh` k`s iphkhòbs gb sbus `nheis n`hs gi qub k`s gb bstr`kais, sbus sbeuhgirbs dikfh`n k`s iphkhòbs gb hkflubkdh`girbs. Bssb `spbdti `cug` ` rbflbthr i thpi gb hkflubkdh`gir qub su` bnprbs` bstà tbkt`kgi diktr`t`r, prbst`kgi `tbkåäi k` vbrthd`lhg`gb gi diktbógi b kis tôphdis qub i hkflubkdbr `oirg`, käi sinbktb ki kónbri gb sbeuhgirbs.   _bl`dhik`nb _bl`dhik`nbkti kti ghrbti din i póolhdi

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I n`rjbthke gb hkflubkdh`gir lbv` ` nbks`ebn g` su` bnprbs` `is dlhbktbs hgb`hs, obn dini ís pbssi`s qub blbs bsdilabn sbeuhr k`s pl`t`firn`s qub us`n tigis is gh`s. Iutri `spbdti pishthvi gb un` bstr`tèeh` gb n`rjbthke gb hkflubkdh`gir, dikabdhgi dini "bfbhti nàsd`r`", è i diktbógi p`tridhk`gi pbli hkflubkdh`gir, hkflubkdh`gir, qub käi p`rbdb rb`lnbktb un `kókdhi. Nbks`ebks bkvh`g`s gb firn` `utãkthd` dikguzbn ` rbl`dhik`nbkti rbl`dhik`nbktiss din hkflubkdh`girbs gb rbfbrãkdh` gb firn` tit`lnbktb viluktàrh`, `unbkt`kgi i v`lir  pbrdbohgi gb prigutis iu sbrvhåis “rbdinbkg`gis„. “rbdinbkg`gis„. ".

I qub dikshgbr`r bn un` d`np`ka` gb n`rjbthke gb hkfluãkdh` hkf luãkdh` p`r` bnprbs` bnprbs`s9 s9 Vidã prbdhs` dikshgbr`r `s t`x`s gb bke`c`nbkti, hnprbssòbs, `ld`kdb tit`l, vhsu`lhz`åäi gb stirhbs, dinp`rthla`nbkti, vhsht`s durthg`s b dinbktàrhis b tigis is g`gis gb tràfbei p`r` sbu olie iu shtb. ]`r` r`strb`r lhkjs b `åòbs rb`lhz`g`s pir usuàrhis bn un` puolhd`åäi, vidã prbdhs` sb dikdbktr`r bn p`rïnbtris bspbdîfhdis3   "Kivis" usuàrhis vhsht`kgi ` pàehk` pbl` prhnbhr` vbz

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   Kónbri tit`l gb sbssòbs sbssòbs rbehs rbehstr`g`s tr`g`s bn un gbtb gbtbrnhk`gi rnhk`gi shtb

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gh`s

 

  Wbnpi nèghi qub un usuàrhi p`ssiu bn un` pàehk` gb gbsthki (prhkdhp`lnbktb

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 p`r` pist`ebks pist`ebks ki olie)   @åòbs rb`lhz`g`s k` nbsn` pàehk` gb gbsthki

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Hssi firkbdb un` rbfbrãkdh` p`r` bktbkgbr i gbsbnpbkai gi hkflubkdh`gir b sb blb rb`lnbktb `fbt` pishthv`nbktb `s vbkg`s. Tb is diktbógis ebr`n `åòbs, ` rbput`åäi gb un` bnprbs` tbkgb ` tbr un bfbhti  pishthvi. 

Bn rbsuni, i gbsbkvilvhnbkti gb d`np`ka`s gb n`rjbthke gb hkflubkdh`girbs p`r` bnprbs`s è dbrt`nbktb bstr`tèehdi, bspbdh`lnbktb bn tbrnis gb bke`c`nbkti gi  póolhdi, p`r` `pih`r `pih`r un` e`n` n`hs `npl` gb bbstr`tèeh`s str`tèeh`s gb n`rjb n`rjbthke thke gheht`l.

 

5.  FI_W@LBÅ@ @ HN@EBN G@ TR@ N@_D@  K` br` g` nîgh` gheht`l, tbr un` hgbkthg` hgbkthg`gb gb gb n`rd` firtb, firtb, dl`r` b dikfhàvb dikfhàvbll è un hkvbsthnbkti bn tigis is thpis gb kbeôdhis. Tbc` gb pbqubki, nèghi iu er`kgb pirtb, blb tr`o`la` bsthn`kgi b irå`kgi i hkvbsthnbkti kbdbssàrhi kbdbssàrhi p`r` rbtbr is dlhbktbs `ktheis b dikquhst`r kivis dlhbktbs. I tbrni hgbkthg`gb gb n`rd` shekhfhd` sh ekhfhd` un` hn`ebn shktikhz`g` qub rbflbtb ` fhlisifh` fh lisifh` dirpir`thv` b `or`keb tigis is blbnbktis qub drh`n bnp`th` din i póolhdi bn ebr`l. Is `ssuktis nug`n din i tbnpi b ghfbrbn bn eãkbri, hg`gb b hktbrbssbs. h ktbrbssbs. Nuht`s gbss`s nug`kå`s rbpbkthk`s t`noèn `fbt`n i nukgi g` dinukhd`åäi, tbr shk`hs rbdikabdîvbhs `i likei gi tbnpi shekhfhd` dikbdt`r b rbdikabdbr i pigbr gb d`g`  pbssi`.

Pu`l è ` hgbkthg`gb g` su` bnprbs`9 Drh`r un` hgbkthg`gb dirpir`thv` firtb b bfhd`z è un gis `spbdtis n`hs hnpirt`ktbs gi n`rjbthke bfhd`z. ]rhkdhp`lnbktb p`r` bnprbs`s qub dikt`n din ` firå` gb su` n`rd`  p`r` `ld`kå`r `ld`kå`r b `gquhrhr kivis ddlhbktbs. lhbktbs. Tu` hgbkthg`gb dirpir`thv` käi `pbk`s `cug` is dlhbktbs ` sb lbnor`rbn gb su` n`rd`, n`s t`noèn gbsbnpbka` un p`pbl hnpirt`ktb. Blb fukdhik` dini un bspblai gb sbus v`lirbs dirpir`thvis, qub sb rbflbtbn bn sbus fukdhikàrhis, ebrbktbs b `ssidh`gis.   F`å` qub ` su` n`rd` sbc` vhst`

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Puäi ginhk`ktb è i lieithpi k` su` puolhdhg`gb9 N`rd`s dikabdhg` dikabdhg`ss dini Khjb b @pplb r`r`nbktb pbrgbn ` ipirtukhg`gb gb dilid`r un lieithpi l ieithpi bn sbus prigutis dini iutris n`tbrh`hs prinidhik`hs. Rn gis `spbdtis n`hs hnpirt`ktbs gb un` n`rd` bfhd`z è ` frbquãkdh`. Tb sbus dlhbktbs iu is bn pitbkdh`l ila`n p`r` su` n`rd` rbeul`rnbktb, è n`hs privàvbl qub sb

 

lbnorbn gbl` ki futuri. ]irt`kti, f`å` f `å` g` su` n`rd` un `spbdti hnpirt`ktb gi n`rjbthke.   ]ridurb un` nbks`ebn dikdhs`, dibrbktb b hkbsqubdîvbl.

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Puäi dikshstbktb è ` su` nbks`ebn9 Nuht`s bnprbs`s bstäi fid`g`s bn n`rjbthke, drh`kgi nbks`ebks ghfbrbktbs p`r` d`g` d`np`ka`, k` bspbr`kå` gb `thkehr i n`hir kónbri pissîvbl gb póolhdis. Hssi pigb sbr un er`kgb ludri ` durti pr`zi, n`s ` un dusti nuhti `lti. Dikt`kti qub vidã usb nbks`ebks ghfbrbktbs p`r` d`g` d`np`ka` gb nîgh`, sbus bsfiråis priguzhräi rbsult`gis sbn prinivbr su` hn`ebn gb n`rd` gb firn` gur`giur`. Dini qu`lqubr iutri d`k`l gb dinukhd`åäi, pridurb tr`ksnhthr nbks`ebks durt`s, dikshstbktbs b nbniràvbhs. Gbss` firn`, is dlhbktbs pigbn sb lbnor`r gis v`lirbs, hgbkthg`gbs b n`rd`s gb su` bnprbs` ki likei pr`zi.   Rsb `s dirbs g` bnprbs` p`r` tig`s `s dinukhd`åòbs.

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Rs`r dirbs ghfbrbktbs bn d`np`ka`s gb n`rjbthke ghfbrbktbs è un gis n`hirbs brris qub `s bnprbs`s pigbn dinbtbr. I usi dirrbti g` dir è un `spbdti hnpirt`ktb k` drh`åäi gb un` hgbkthg`gb vhsu`l dirpir`thv`, f`tir vht`l p`r` qu`lqubr d`np`ka`. Rs`r dirbs ghfbrbktbs p`r` d`g` `kókdhi tirk` ghfîdhl p`r` i sbu póolhdi sb `ssidh`r í su` n`rd`. Aà un` r`zäi p`r` `ssidh`r ` Did`-Dil` `i vbrnblai b ` bnprbs` Tabll `i `n`rbli. Bss`s dirbs säi fukg`nbkt`hs p`r` i n`rjbthke b ` hgbkthg`gb. Pu`l dir rbprbsbkt` nblair ` su` n`rd`9 Bxhohr un` dir bn sbu `kókdhi drh` un hnp`dti vhsu`l pigbrisi qub pbrnhtb qub sbus dlhbktbs `ssidhbn `utin`thd`nbktb bss` dir í su` n`rd` ` qu`lqubr air` b bn qu`lqubr lue`r.

 

 

1.  EIIELB NBR KBEÔDHI I Eiielb Nbu Kbeôdhi è un` fbrr`nbkt` tit`lnbktb er`tuht` qub `uxhlh` `s pbssi`s qub  pbsquhs`n ki Eiielb ` bkd bkdiktr`r iktr`r r`phg`nbktb is sbrvhåis b prigutis qub i sbu sbu kbeôdhi ifbrbdb, ` bkdiktr`r ` lid`lhz`åäi fîshd` g` bnprbs` b bktr`r bn dikt`ti din i siorbkinb. I Eiielb Nbu Kbeôdhi è i pikti gb rbfbrãkdh` p`r` i sbu bnprbbkghnbkti. Hssi  pbrnhtb qub vidã ebrbkdhb su` prbsbkå` iiklhkb klhkb kis nitirbs ggbb ousd` b ki ki Eiielb N`ps bn un ókhdi p`hkbl. B dini qu`lqubr iutr` pl`t`firn` g` wbo, i Eiielb Nbu Kbeôdhi pbrnhtb qub vidã nikhtirb i gbsbnpbkai gb sbåòbs bspbdîfhd`s gb bst`tîsthd`s.

 

Lbnorb-sb sbnprb gb qub i Eiielb, i nbd`khsni gb ousd` kónbri un g` wbo, è un` e`r`kth`. @s bnprbs`s `ught`g`s k` euh` gi Eiielb Nbu Kbeôdhi tãn, t ãn, k` vbrg`gb, gu`s vbzbs n`hs da`kdbs gb sbrbn `priv`g`s pir usuàrhis b diksunhgirbs diksunhgirbs..

Eiielb Nbu Kbeôdhi3 i qub è b p`r` qub sbrvb9 Er`å`s `i Eiielb Nbu Kbeôdhis, ` bnprbs` tbn un` c`kbl` prôprh` kis ousd`girbs qub  pbrnhtb ` qubn pridur` un gbtbrnhk`gi gbtbrnhk`gi priguti iu sb sbrvhåi rvhåi k` su` ddhg`gb hg`gb bkdiktr`r bkdiktr`r i  priguti iu sbrvhåi sbrvhåi gb firn` ràphg` b hktuhthv`. È pissîvbl ebrbkdh`r su` prbsbkå` iklhkb k`s ipbr`åòbs dinbrdh`hs pir nbhi gb sbrvhåis gb pbsquhs`, pbsquhs` nôvbl, pbsquhs` lid`l b Eiielb N`ps. Firkbdb `hkg` ís bnprbs`s un îkghdb gb pbsquhs` lid`l er`tuhti, pbrnhthkgi qub dlhbktbs bn pitbkdh`l bktrbn bn dikt`ti din vidã ghrbt`nbktb. Hssi shekhfhd` qub vidã pigb drh`r, `utbkthd`r b nighfhd`r ` dikt` gi Eiielb gb su` bnprbs` sbn tbr qub hnplbnbkt`r un` bstr`tèeh` gb ithnhz`åäi gb nbd`khsni gb  pbsquhs` bkqu`kti bkqu`kti tr`o`la` bbn n sbu shtb.

Eiielb Nbu Kbeôdhi3 pir qub è hnpirt`ktb9 I Eiielb Nbu Kbeôdhi è un` n`kbhr` shnplbs b er`tuht` gb drh`r un` dinukhd`åäi ràphg` bktrb su` bnprbs` b sbus dlhbktbs. Rn shstbn` hktuhthvi b hkst`ktïkbi p`r` bnprbs`s qub pridur`n f`zbr pbsquhs`s iklhkb. Rn shstbn` qub d`pt` i hktbrbssb h ktbrbssb gis usuàrhis qub tãn nbkis prio`ohlhg`gb gb pbrgbr tbnpi iklhkb bspbr`kgi i d`rrbe`nbkti gb un shtb. Wigis is obkbfîdhis säi3   Rsb ` euh` Eiielb Nbu Kbeôdhi p`r` `unbkt`r ` vhshohlhg`gb iklhkb gb su`

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bnprbs` b gbst`dà-l` kis rbsult`gis gb pbsquhs`.

 

  Firkbdb ` d`p`dhg`gb gb `ghdhik`r hkfirn`åòbs b diktbógi hnpirt`ktbs pir nbhi

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gb puolhd`åòbs (lhst`s gb prigutis, `kàlhsbs, prbåis, nètigis gb p`e`nbkti `dbhtis, ifbrt`s, dupiks)   D`tàliei gb prigutis b lhkj iu b-n`hl gi priguti, firkbdb ` d`p`dhg`gb gb

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hksbrhr i bkgbrbåi gi pbrfhl g` bnprbs`   Diktèn `kàlhsbs b iphkhòbs gb dlhbktbs qub säi hnpirt`ktbs p`r` ` dikfh`kå` gb

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qubn us`. Bssb è un `spbdti qub käi gbvb g bvb sbr bsqubdhgi b qub gbvb sbr dikst`ktbnbktb dikst`ktbnb ktb nikhtir`gi   Dini bnprbs` iu priprhbtàrhi, vidã pigb `prbkgbr nuhti siorb sbus dlhbktbs

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kbstb d`k`l pir nbhi g` `kàlhsb `ghdhik`l firkbdhg`   Eiielb Nbu Kbeôdhi, vidã pigb us`r ` drh`åäi gb shtbs `utin`thz`gis er`tuhtis

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qub sb dikbdt`n í pl`t`firn` b bstà dikfheur`g` bn nhkutis   @ sbåäi Bst`tîsthd`s `k`lhs` sbu dinpirt`nbkti b pbrnhtb qub vidã pbsquhsb ki

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Eiielb. blbs pbsquhs`r`n b bkdiktr`r`n ki Eiielb. Bssbs g`gis `cug`n vidã ` drh`r b ebrbkdh`r d`np`ka`s din i Eiielb @gs ghrbdhik`g`s gh rbdhik`g`s bspbdhfhd` bspbdhfhd`nbktb nbktb `i sbu póolhdi-`lvi   D`p`dhg`gb gb dikbdt`r i Eiielb Nbu Kbeôdhi din iutr`s fbrr`nbkt`s (Eiielb ( Eiielb

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@gs, F`dboiij)   ]isshohlhg`gb gb rbdbobr nbk`ebks bkvh`g`s pir dlhbktbs

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Dini drh`r un` fhda` gi Eiielb Nbu Kbeôdhi9   @or` ` pàehk` gi Eiielb Nbu Kbeôdhi

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  Dlhqub bn Bxpbrhnbkt`r `eir` ki d`kti supbrhir ghrbhti

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  F`å` liehk bn su` dikt` gi Eiielb. Tb vidã käi thvbr un` dikt` gi Eiielb, drhb

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un`   Ghehtb i kinb g` su` bnprbs` b dlhqub bn @v`kå`r.

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  Tb ` su` bnprbs` bsthvbr lhst`g` lhst `g` ki Eiielb N`ps, bl` `p`rbdbrà ki nbku

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suspbksi gur`ktb i rbehstri. Vidã pigb sblbdhik`r un` `thvhg`gb ` p`rthr g`s suebstòbs qub `p`rbdbn qu`kgi vidã hksbrb un kinb.   Tblbdhikb un` rbdinbkg`åäi `pbk`s sb tig`s `s hkfirn`åòbs h kfirn`åòbs firbn rblbv`ktbs

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 p`r` ` su` bnprbs`.

  Hkshr` i bkgbrbåi g` bnprbs` b dlhqub bn @v`kå`r.

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  Tb i bkgbrbåi käi bsthvbr lid`lhz`gi ebier`fhd`nbktb, ebier`fhd`nbktb, pigb sbr silhdht`gi qub

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vidã diliqub un n`rd`gir k` sbgb ki n`p`.    Ki D`tàliei gb `thvhg`gbs, sblbdhikb sblbdhikb un` d` d`tbeirh` tbeirh` gb `thvhg`g `thvhg`gbs bs b dlhqub bn

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@v`kå`r.   Ghehtb i kónbri gi tblbfikb iu R_L gi shtb g` bnprbs` b dlhqub bn @v`kå`r.

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Tb vidã käi tbn un shtb, pigb drh`r un us`kgi i Eiielb Nbu Kbeôdhi `pôs dikfheur`r un` dikt`.   Dlhqub bn Dikthku`r p`r` dikfhrn`r su`s drbgbkdh`hs dinbrdh`hs

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  Tblbdhikb ` ipåäi dikfhrn`r.

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I Eiielb Nbu Kbeôdhi tbn un er`kgb pitbkdh`l, `fhk`l bn un ókhdi d`k`l, tbn tugi i qub un` bnprbs` prbdhs` p`r` bst`r iklhkb3 bn piud`s p`l`vr`s, blb rbprbsbkt` un d`rtäi gb vhsht` blbtr÷khdi pbrfbhti qub tig` bnprbs` gbvbrh` tbr.

 

8.  BQ]LI_B TBR UBOTHWB Rn wboshtb hnp`dt` ghrbt`nbktb un kbeôdhi, un` bnprbs`, un prifhsshik`l, pihs dikfbrb `utirhg`gb b siorbtugi siorbtugi vhshohlhg`gb. @quh bstäi `leuks nithvis nithvis p`r` bxplir`r un shtb3   ]brnhtb puolhd`r diktbógi hktbrbss`ktb

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]ir nbhi gb olies dirpir`thvis, bnprbs`s pigbn drh`r su` prôprh` viz b puolhd`r diktbógi qub sbc` vbrg`gbhr`nbktb rblbv`ktb p`r` dlhbktbs `thvis b pitbkdh`hs (bstbs hktbrdbpt`gis `pbk`s qu`kgi pridur`n bnprbs`s bspbdh`lhz`g bspbdh`lhz`g`s `s bn un gbtbrnhk`gi tbn` ki Eiielb).   @rtheis qub `unbkt`n `s v`rh`åòbs gb p`l`vr`s-da`vb kis nbd`khsnis gb

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 pbsquhs` ]ist`ebks ki olie qub rb`lnbktb `unbkt`n `s v`rh`åòbs g`s p`l`vr`s-da`vb bst`räi ghspikîvbhs kis nbd`khsnis gb pbsquhs`. Dini rbsult`gi, è n`hs privàvbl qub sbu olie / shtb tbka` vhshohlhg`gb. Ifbrbdb n`hs ipirtukhg`gbs p`r` bnprbs`s qub gbsbc`n sbr bkdiktr`g`s, dikabdhg`s dikabdhg`s b v`lirhz`g`s k` wbo.   Fhgblhz`r i dlhbktb, firkbdbkgi hkfirn`åòbs ótbhs

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 Käi sô p`r` bnprbs`s bnprbs`s qub ppridur`n ridur`n kivis ddlhbktbs lhbktbs k` Hktbrkbt, n`s t`noèn p`r` bnprbs`s qub rbdikabdbn ` hnpirtïkdh` gb rbtbr is dlhbktbs qub dinpr`r`n, è un` fbrr`nbkt` o`st`ktb bfhd`z. Is olies `cug`n ` fhgblhz`r is dlhbktbs din `rtheis qub rb`lnbktb labs hktbrbss`n (pirqub bxplhd`n `lei, un priguti iu sbrvhåi b is `cug`n ` rbsilvbr priolbn`s, b tin`r gbdhsòbs). Dini rbsult`gi, is dlhbktbs tbkgbn ` dikfh`r bn su` bnprbs`.   Is `rtheis pigbn sbr dinp`rthla`gis k`s rbgbs sidh`hs g` bnprbs`

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]ir fhn, i dinp`rthla`nbkti k`s rbgbs sidh`hs3 is `rtheis puolhd`gis säi diktbógis vàlhgis qub pigbn sbr dinp`rthla`gis k`s rbgbs sidh`hs. Drh` un` dinukhg`gb gb pbssi`s hktbrbss`g`s kis tbn`s `oirg`gis b k`s `thvhg`gbs rb`lhz`g`s (sbrvhåis b prigutis g` bnprbs`). Bxhstbn nuhtis nithvis p`r` tbr un shtb. È un` fbrr`nbkt` gb dinukhd`åäi vbrsàthl qub  pigb bktrbe`r rbsult`gis rbsult`gis rb`hs p`r` i sbu kbe kbeôdhi. ôdhi.

 

0=. DIKDLRTÄI I n`rjbthke iklhkb gbhxiu gb sbr un` `ltbrk`thv` p`r` qubn ghrheb un` dinp`kah`,  pbqubk` iu iu er`kgb, b p` p`ssiu ssiu ` sbr hkghs hkghspbksàvbl. pbksàvbl. I fluxi gb puolhdhg`gb `diktbdb gheht`lnbk gheht`lnbktb, tb, `sshn dini `s kiv`s pisshohlhg`gbs gb d`ptur`r lb`gs b tr`ksfirnà-lis bn dlhbktbs. ]irt`kti, è kbdbssàrhi s`obr dini `plhd`r `s fbrr`nbkt`s dbrt`s gb n`rjbthke gheht`l. Bxhstbn nuht`s n`kbhr`s gb `ld`kå`r kivis dlhbktbs bn pitbkdh`l, ki bkt`kti, din tig`s `s ghd`s `oirg`g`s kbstb euh`, din dbrtbz` vidã diksbeuhrà `unbkt`r su`s da`kdbs gb drbsdhnbkti kbssb nbhi. T`obr dini fukdhik` i n`rjbthke gheht`l b sbu lue`r kbstb nukgi nulthf`dbt`gi è i  pikti gb p`rthg` p`r` ` dikstruåäi dikstruåäi gb un` bs bstr`tèeh` tr`tèeh` vbkdb vbkdbgir`. gir`. B `drbghtb ki qub vidã f`z. Tb vidã käi tbn dbrtbz` siorb su` bnprbs` b sbu pitbkdh`l gb sudbssi, sbus dlhbktbs t`noèn käi `drbght`räi.