columnas-cortas-y-esbeltas

COLUMNAS CORT CORTAS AS Y ESBELTAS

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COLUMNA 

• Las columnas son elementos utilizados para resistir básicamente solicitaciones de compresión axial aunque, por lo general, ésta actúa en combinaciones con corte, flexión o torsión ya que en las estructuras de concreto armado, la continuidad del sistema genera momentos flectores en todos sus elementos.

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RELACIÓN DE ESBELTEZ La relación de esbeltez mide la tendencia de una columna a pandearse. Mientras mayor sea la relación de esbeltez de un miembro, menor será la carga que pueda soportar.

• La esbeltez de una columna se expresa en términos de su relación de esbeltez

Mientras mayor sea la relación de esbeltez de un miembro,

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¿COLUMNA CORTA? La columna corta se produce debido a una modifcación accidental en la confguración estructural original de una columna. Se presenta presenta cuando en una estructura sometida a uerzas o solicitaciones horizontales, la luz libre de la columna —distancia libre vertical entre entre vigas o losas que son soportadas por la columna— se ve disminuida por un elemento, generalmente no estructural, que limita la capacidad de la columna de deormarse deormarse libremente

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"asi en toda su totalidad las estructuras de columnas cortas son de alturas menores en comparación a los elementos estructurales verticales que las componen. #na ma$or rigidez lateral de una columna implica ma$or resistencia a la deormación, por tanto mientras ma$or es la rigidez, ma$or será la uerza  uerza necesaria para deormarla. Si una columna corta no está dise%ada adecuadamente para resistir esta uerza, va a surir da%o durante el evento tel&rico. ' este comportamiento se le ha llamado “Efecto

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(alla )!pica por cortante de las columnas cortas. Las columnas cortas son los elementos que más da%o in*igen a la construcción. +l pobre comportamiento comportamiento de las columnas

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DISEÑO DE COLUMNAS CORTAS SOMETIDAS A CARGA AXIAL Y FLEXIÓN

"arga aial, causa alla del concreto por aplastamiento con todas las varillas alcanzando su *uencia en compresión.

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/+"#+/0' 1#+ 2 +n una columna corta la resistencia depende solo de la resistencia de los materiales $ de la geometr!a de la sección transversal.

omento grande con carga aial menor, la alla inicia por *uencia de las varillas a tensión.

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COLUMNAS DE HORMIGON ARMADO TIPOS DE ARMADURAS

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COLUMNAS DE HORMIGON ARMADO COMPRESION AXIAL PURA 

 Pn = 0,85 ×  f `c × Ac +  fy × Ast  = 0,85 ×  f `c × ( Ag −  Ast ) +  fy  f y × Ast  0onde2  Ag2 área

bruta

de

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¿COLUMNA ESBELTA?

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COLUMNAS ESBELTAS SOMETIDAS A FLEXO- COMPRESION

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Carga crítica de pade! ! carga de E"#er

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+S 6+"+S'/35 S'9+/::. "onorme la esbeltez disminu$e el esuerzo de pandeo incrementa 4uesto que la columna no puede soportar un esuerzo superior a su resistencia,

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La epresión

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