Colocación de Concreto en Climas Severos

 

Jndnjljkúa eg Jnajrgtn ga Jdkbls Zgvgrns _lrl dl Jndnjljkúa eg Jnajrgtn ga Jdkbls Zgvgrns, Zgvgrns, sg tkgag qug jnaskegrlr qug, sg trlclil ga jnaekjknags anrbldgs julaen dl tgbpgrlturl lbckgatg vlrâl gatrg 7¹J y :?¹J. Zk gstl gxjgeg dns dâbktgs latgrknrgs gstlbns ga jnaekjknags gspgjkldgs eg tgbpgrlturl, egckëaensg rgjurrkr l prìjtkjls gspgjkldgs plrl gvktlr qug sg prneuzjla vlrkljknags ga gd jnajrgtn, pnr dns ghgjtns eg ual clil n ldtl tgbpgrlturl sncrg dl hrlful egd jgbgatn y lful eg lblslen. Dl tgjandnfâl egd jnajrgtn clsl sus plutls, ga jnaekjknags eg tgbpgrlturl eg bgzjdl eg ldrgegenr eg 3?¹J . Zg eghkag jnaekjknags gxtrgbls eg tgbpgrlturl, l lqugddls qug gstìa pnr egclin n pnr gajkbl eg vldnrgs jrâtkjns, gd jnajrgtn gbpkgzl l jnbpnrtlrsg eg blagrl qug gs agjgslrkn tgagr bgzjdl, skan ga dl  prgplrl  prgplrljkúa, jkúa, gspgjkld jukelen an sndn ga dl enskhkjljkúa eg dl bgzjdl, trlaspnrtg, jndnjljkúa, jurlen, tnbl eg tgstkfns eg prugcl  prugcl   y ldbljgalig eg bltgrkldgs, bltgrkldgs , kajduygaen gd tkpn eg gajnhrlen y gajnhrlen  y gd tkgbpn eg egsgajnhrlen. egsgajnhrlen.

JNDNJLJKÚA EG JNAJSGUN GA JDKBL JLDKEN Zg eghkag jdkbl jldurnsn l dl jnbckaljkúa eg dls skfukgatgs jnaekjknags qug tkgaela l egtgrknrlr dl jldkele egd jnajrgtn rgjkëa bgzjdlen n egd gaeurgjken ld ljgdgrlr  dl  dl rlpkegz eg mkerltljkúa egd jgbgatn.     

 Ldtl tgbpgrlturl lbckgatld.  Ldtl tgbpgrlturl egd jnajrgtn. Clil mubgele rgdltkvl. Xgdnjkele egd vkgatn. Slekljkúa sndlr 

_SNCDGBLZ _NUGAJKLDGZ GA WA JNAJSGUN SGJKËA BGYJDLEN  

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Blynr lvkegz eg lful. Blynr rlpkegz eg pgrekel eg rgvgakbkgatn y dl tgaegajkl jnrrgspnaekgatg l lfrgflr lful ga gd sktkn eg dl ncrl. Jnaskegrlcdg rlpkegz eg hrlfulen qug kbpdkjl ual blynr ekhkjudtle jna gd blagin, jnbpljtljkúa y tgrbkalen. Blynr tgaegajkl ld lfrkgtlbkgatn. Blynr ekhkjudtle plrl jnatrndlr gd jnatgaken eg lkrg kajduken.

 

_SNCDGBLZ _NUGAJKLDGZ GA WA JNAJSGUN [L GAEWSGJKEN 

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Bganrgs rgskstgajkls l 3= eâls egrkvlels yl sgl eg ual blynr lvkegz eg lful y/n eg akvgdgs bls ldtns eg tgbpgrlturl egd jnajrgtn ga gd bnbgatn eg dl jndnjljkúa. Blynr prnpgaskúa l dl jnatrljjkúa pnr sgjlen y l lfrkgtlbkgatn pnr ekhgrgajkls eg tgbpgrlturl yl sgl pnr gahrklbkgatn eg tnel dl gstrujturl n pnr ekhgrgajkldgs eg tgbpgrlturl egatrn eg dl sgjjkúa trlasvgrsld egd bkgbcrn.

_SNCDGBLZ _NUGAJKLDGZ SGDLJKNALENZ JNA NUSNZ HLJUNSGZ  

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Gd usn eg jgbgatns jna ual blynr rlpkegz eg mkerltljkúa. Gd usn eg jnajrgtns eg ldtl rgskstgajkl l dl jnbprgskúa, qug kbpdkjl jnatgakens bls ldtns eg jgbgatn. Dl agjgskele gjnaúbkjl eg trlclin jnatkaun ga jdkbls gxtrgblelbgatg jldurnsns.

JNAZKEGSLJKNAGZ 

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Gs agjgslrkn elrsg jugatl auajl sg jnrrgfkr pnr jnbpdgtn gd elün qug dg jlusl ld jnajrgtn gd jdkblqug jldurnsn, pnrpnerì dn tlatn gs agjgslrkn ua jrktgrkn legjulen plrl sgdgjjknalr dl jnbckaljkúa bìs jnavgakgatg eg jldkele, gjnanbâl y pnskckdkele eg gigjujkúa. Gd prnjgekbkgatn qug sg usl sgrì huajkúa egd tkpn eg jnastrujjkúa, dls jlrljtgrâstkjls eg dns bltgrkldgs qug sg vlyla l uslr y dl gxpgrkgajkl eg dl kaeustrkl dnjld plrl blagilr ldtls tgbpgrlturls lbckgatldgs, ldtls tgbpgrlturls eg jnajrgtn, clils mubgelegs rgdltkvls, vgdnjkele egd vkgatn v kgatn y rlekljkúa sndlr 

GHGJUNZ EGD JDKBL JLDWSNZN GA DLZ _SN_KGELEGZ EGD JNAJSGUN 

Dls ldtls tgbpgrlturls egd jnajrgtn, dl ldtl tgbpgrlturl egd lkrg, dl ldtl vgdnjkele egd vkgatn, y dl clil mubgele mubgele,, kaeujga ual gvlpnrljkúa rìpkel egd lful supgrhkjkld y lubgatla jnaskegrlcdgbgatg dl prnclckdkele eg qug njurrl gd lfrkgtlbkgatn pnr jnatrljjkúa pdìstkjl.

 

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Dns jnajrgtns qug sg bgzjdla, jndnjla y jurla l tgbpgrlturls gdgvlels anrbldbgatg egslrrnddla blynrgs rgskstgajkls tgbprlals qug dns jnajrgtns prneujkens y jurlens l bganrgs tgbpgrlturls.

UGB_GSLUWSL EGD JNAJSGUN 

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Dl jlatkele eg lful agjgslrkl plrl prneujkr ua jkgrtn rgvgakbkgatn lubgatl jnahnrbg ld tkgbpn trlasjurrken l plrtkr eg qug gd jgbgatn sg mubgegjkú. _lrl ua tkgbpn eg bgzjdlen jnastlatg, dl jlatkele eg lful agjgslrkl plrl ldjlazlr ua jkgrtn rgvgakbkgatn tlbckëa lubgatl jna dl tgbpgrlturl. Gstg lubgatn ga gd jnatgaken eg lful kaeujkrì ual eksbkaujkúa prnpnrjknald eg dl rgskstgajkl.

JNAEKJKNAGZ LBCKGAULDGZ 

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Wa dâbktg qug pugeg sgr legjulen plrl ua jlsn gspgjkld pnerâl rgsudtlr kasltkshljtnrkn plrl ntrns, pnr dn qug sg rgjnbkgael qug plrl ldfuals tgbpgrlturls jnbprgaekels gatrg 35 y :=¹J gxkstg ua dâbktg qug rgsudtl gd bìs rgjnbgaelcdg plrl nctgagr dns bginrgs rgsudtlens ga jlel npgrljkúa eg jndlen ga jdkbls jldurnsns y ekjmn dâbktg egcgrì egtgrbkalrsg plrl gd trlclin ga plrtkjudlr. Zg egcgrìa prgplrlr bgzjdls eg prugcl egd jnajrgtn plrl jlel ncrl ga plrtkjudlr egatrn eg dls tgbpgrlturls dâbktg gspgjkhkjlels n l dl tgbpgrlturl bìxkbl gspgrlel ga gd sktkn.

SG\WGSKBKGAUNZ EG LFWL 

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Gd lful tkgag ua jldnr gspgjâhkjn egd nrega eg jultrn n jkajn vgjgs gd egd jgbgatn n eg dns lfrgflens, dl tgbpgrlturl egd lful eg bgzjdlen tkgag gd ghgjtn bìs prnauajklen pnr uakele eg pgsn sncrg dl tgbpgrlturl egd jnajrgtn. Dl tgbpgrlturl egd lful gs bìs hìjkd eg jnatrndlr qug dl eg dns ntrns jnbpnagatgs, gd lful hrâl rgeujkrì dl tgbpgrlturl eg jndnjljkúa egd jnajrgtn 5.7¹J. Dl jlatkele eg lful hrâl an egcgrì gxjgegr dl qug agjgsktg dl bgzjdl. Ga fgagrld, dl eksbkaujkúa eg dl tgbpgrlturl eg dl bgzjdl gatrg 3.? l 3.3¹J rgeujkrì dl tgbpgrlturl egd lful egd bgzjdlen ga lprnxkblelbgatg ?.7¹J.

 

GHGJUN EGD JGBGAUN   

Dl tgbpgrlturl egd jnajrgtn lubgatl dl rlpkegz eg mkerltljkúa egd jgbgatn. Dl sgdgjjkúa eg ua tkpn plrtkjudlr eg jgbgatn pugeg tgagr ua ghgjtn egjkskvn. Gd usn eg ua jgbgatn _nrtdlae Ukpn KK eg hrlfulen bìs dgatn n eg ua jgbgatn Ukpn K_ ú KZ pugeg bginrlr dls jlrljtgrâstkjls eg trlclilckdkele egd jnajrgtn ga jdkbls jldurnsns.

BLUGSKLDGZ JGBGAULAUGZ JNB_DGBGAULSKNZ 

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Zg usla lbpdklbgatg ga sustktujkúa plrjkld egd jgbgatn _nrtdlae0 gstns bltgrkldgs dg kbplrtkrìa ual bganr rlpkegz eg hrlfulen y eg egslrrnddn eg rgskstgajkl tgbprlal ga gd jnajrgtn. Dns jgbgatns eg hrlfulen bìs rìpken n dns jgbgatns qug kaeuzjla ual përekel rìpkel eg rgvgakbkgatn ga jdkbls jldurnsns pugega jldurnsns pugega tgagr ua cuga jnbpnrtlbkgatn sk sg jnbckala jna gstg tkpn eg bltgrkldgs.

LEKUKXNZ \WKBKJNZ 

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Dns lektkvns rgtlrelatgs tkpn E qug jubpdga jna dns rgquksktns eg dl anrbl LZUB J 5;5 tkgag prnpkgelegs tlatn eg rgeujjkúa egd lful jnbn eg rgtrlsn eg hrlfulen y sg usla lbpdklbgatg ga jnaekjknags eg ldtls tgbpgrlturls. Dns rgtlrelatgs rgeujtnrgs eg lful fgagrldbgatg lubgatla dl rgskstgajkl egd jnajrgtn, sg pnerìa uslr, jna dns liustgs legjulens l dl bgzjdl plrl gvktlr dl përekel eg rgskstgajkl qug eg ntrl blagrl pnerâl prneujkrsg jna dls ldtls tgbpgrlturls egd jnajrgtn.

LFSGFLENZ 

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Dns lfrgflens jnastktuyga dl hrljjkúa prkajkpld egd jnajrgtn yl qug jnastktuyga gatrg gd 8? ‚ =?% egd vndubga egd jnajrgtn. Gd tlblün, dl hnrbl y dl frlaudnbgtrâl egd lfrgflen sna trgs eg dns prkajkpldgs hljtnrgs qug lhgjtla dl jlatkele eg lful qug sg rgqukgrg plrl prneujkr jnajrgtn. Dns lfrgflens frugsns jmlajlens jnatrkcuyga l ual blynr egblael eg lful, pgrn sg ml gajnatrlen qug kbplrtga ual blynr rgskstgajkl ld lfrkgtlbkgatn qug dls frlvls rgenaeglels.

_SNEWJJKNA [ GAUSGFL

 

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Zg egcgrì flrlatkzlr gd jnatrnd sltkshljtnrkn eg dl prneujjkúa y dl gatrgfl. Dl pdlatl eg jnajrgtn y dls uakelegs eg gatrgfl egd bksbn egcgrìa gstlr ga cugals jnaekjknags eg sgrvkjkn. Dl suspgaskúa katgrbktgatg eg dls gatrgfls egckels l egsjnbpnsturls egd gqukpn pugeg rgsudtlr bujmn bìs sgrkl ga jdkbls jdkbls jldurnsns  jldurnsns qug ga tgbpgrlturls bnegrlels. Ga dls npgrljknags eg jndnjljkúa egd jnajrgtn ga jdkbls jldurnsns dns jndlens sg pugega prnfrlblr ga mnrls qug an sgla eurlatg gd eâl.

JNAUSND EG UGB_GSLUWSL 

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Dl tgbpgrlturl egd jnajrgtn eg dls enskhkjljknags enskhkjljknags usuldgs  usuldgs sg pugeg rgeujkr ga ?.7 ¹J sk sg rgeujg dl tgbpgrlturl eg dns bltgrkldgs ga juldqukgrl eg dls skfukgatgs prnpnrjknags9 Sgeujjkúa eg 5 ¹J ga dl tgbpgrlturl egd jgbgatn. n Sgeujjkúa eg 3 ¹J ga dl tgbpgrlturl egd lful. n [ rgeujjkúa eg < ¹J ga dl tgbpgrlturl eg dns lfrgflens. n Dl pdlagljkúa eg dns prnjgekbkgatns plrl gahrklr jlatkelegs frlaegs eg jnajrgtn bgzjdlen agjgsktl mljgrsg jna bujml latkjkpljkúa l dl jndnjljkúa g kastldljkúa eg gqukpn gspgjkldkzlen. Gatrg ëstns sg pugeg bgajknalr gd gahrklbkgatn egd lful eg bgzjdlen pnr bgekn eg gqukpns gahrklenrgs eg lful n jna dl tgjandnfâl eg cnbcls eg jldnr, n pnr bëtnens jnbn pugega sgr sustktujkúa eg ual plrtg egd lful eg bgzjdlen pnr mkgdn trkturlen n rlsplen, n gahrklaen dl bgzjdl jna aktrúfgan dâquken

ENZKHKJLJKÚA [ BGYJDLEN 

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Wa jlbckn kalevgrtken eg súdn ?.7% ga gd jnatgaken eg lful eg dns lfrgflens pnerâl ldtgrlr gd rgvgakbkgatn ga < l 3 pudflels. Dl gxpgrkgajkl eg jlbpn kaekjl qug gd rgtrlsn egd hrlfulen egd jnajrgtn sg pugeg tnelvâl ldlrflr bìs sk sg enskhkjl pnr sgplrlen gd lektkvn rgtlrelatg jna ual pgqugül plrtg egd lful eg bgzjdlen egspuës eg mlcgr bgzjdlen gd jnajrgtn vlrkns bkautns. Gstns lektkvns, iuatn jna dns bltgrkldgs jgbgatlatgs y dns egbìs kafrgekgatgs prnpugstns plrl gd prnygjtn, egcga sgr gvldulens ga gd jlbpn plrl nctgagr dls prnpkgelegs egsglels.

GAUSGFL

 

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 L bgekel qug plsl gd tkgbpn sg prneujg mkerltljkúa egd jgbgatn, përekel eg rgvgakbkgatn, egsflstg eg dns lfrgflens n, gvgatuldbgatg ua lubgatn egd jnatgaken eg lful.0 pnr dn tlatn gd pgrânen jnbprgaeken gatrg gd bgzjdlen y dl jndnjljkúa egd jnajrgtn egcg rgeujkrsg ld bâakbn. Gd egspljmn eg jlbknags sg egcgrì jnnrekalr jna dl rlpkegz eg jndnjljkúa l hka eg gvktlr rgtrlsns. Dl kajduskúa eg ua lektkvn rgtlrelatg egd hrlfulen, n gd usn eg jnajrgtn gahrklen.

JNDNJLJKNA [ JWSLEN Dns rgquksktns plrl nctgagr cugans rgsudtlens sna9 

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\ug gd jnajrgtn sg blagig y sg trlaspnrtg jna ua bâakbn eg sgfrgfljkúa y eg përekel eg rgvgakbkgatn. \ug gd jnajrgtn sg jndnqug ga gd duflr enaeg vl l qugelr.

JWSLEN MÙBGEN 

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Dns bëtnens plrl gd jurlen jna lful tkgaga dl vgatlil eg pgrbktkr gd kajrgbgatn eg mubgele katgral. L jnatkauljkúa elbns ual crgvg sâatgsks eg dns bìs utkdkzlens9 Gd prnjgekbkgatn eg kauaeljkúa n kabgrskúa, tgúrkjlbgatg gd bls ghkjkgatg, n sndn sg gbpdgl ga egtgrbkalels gstrujturls gstrujturls lplrgatgs  lplrgatgs plrl gddn, pnr gigbpdn9 _lvkbgatns, dnsls y pdljls plrl ldjlatlrkddls, enaeg gs hljtkcdg hnrblr ua gstlaqug eg lful bgeklatg ua pgqugün ekqug eg tkgrrl kbpgrbglcdg l dn dlrfn egd pgrâbgtrn eg dl dnsl. Gd gbpdgn eg ltnbkzlenrgs rnjklenrgs eg lful gs jnavgakgatg julaen gs pnskcdg blatgagrdns ga sgrvkjkn jnatkaun n an mly dkbktljkúa plrl gd flstn eg lful. Ga gstrujturls vgrtkjldgs sg mla gbpdglen jna ëxktn blafugrls lfuigrglels. lful,, Jucrkr gd jnajrgtn jna tgxtkdgs mùbgens, jna ldtl jlpljkele plrl rgtgagr gd lful jnbn tgikens eg ldfneúa y yutg. Dns bltgrkldgs pndvnrudgatns, jnbn dl lrgal y dl tkgrrl bnilel, sna utkdkzlens ga gd jurlen eg gdgbgatns mnrkznatldgs, gxkfkgaen gd jnatrnd eg dl egsgjljkúa plrl su rkgfn npnrtuan.

 

NUSNZ BËUNENZ EG JWSLEN 

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Bëtnens eg jurlen gaërfkjn, sg gbpdgla fgagrldbgatg ga dl kaeustrkl egd jnajrgtn prghlcrkjlen, n ga jnaekjknags eg jnajrgtlen ga tkgbpn hrân. hrân. Fgagrldbgatg sg lpdkjl jldnr mùbgen egspuës eg gdgvlr dl tgbpgrlturl tgbpgrlturl sg  sg pntgajkldkzla dls rgljjknags quâbkjls eg dl mkerltljkúa, kajrgbgatìaensg dls rgskstgajkls kakjkldgs. Wa bëtnen ghgjtkvn eg jurlen gs gd gbpdgn egd vlpnr l prgskúa ltbnshërkjl n gd eg vlpnr l ldtl prgskúa.

GXLDWLJKÚA EGD JWSLEN 

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Dl gvlduljkúa eg dns prnjgekbkgatns eg jurlen jurlen sg  sg ghgjtùl bgeklatg dl prugcl eg jkdkaerns eg gaslyns eg jnbprgskúa, jurlen ga dls bksbls jnaekjknags qug dl gekhkjljkúa, l pkg eg ncrl. Zg jnaskegrl qug gd jurlen, ga ua tkgbpn elen, gs sltkshljtnrkn julaen dns gspgjâbgags eg prugcl ga jnaekjknags eg ncrl, ela l dl gele egtgrbkalel gd =7% n bls eg dl rgskstgajkl nctgakel jna gspgjâbgags skbkdlrgs jurlens ga dlcnrltnrkns. lsâ bksbn, sk dls rgskstgajkls eg dns jkdkaerns jurlens l pkg eg ncrl gxjgega ga bls eg :7`f / jb dl rgskstgajkl gspgjkhkjlel, tlbckëa sg jnaskegrl jnrrgjtn jurlen.

 

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Eg an ldjlazlr dns dâbktgs sgüldlens latgrknrbgatg, sg egcgrìa prnsgfukr jna gd jurlen jurlen y,  y, ga jlsn agjgslrkn, katgaskhkjlrdn. Ga prgvkskúa eg gstl gvgatuldkele, gs rgjnbgaelcdg jurlr ga dls bksbls jnaekjknags eg dl gekhkjljkúa ens sgrkgs eg jkdkaerns eg prugcl.