Codex Alimentario

 

RHEQBPYEDGD HGIENHGC DB YGH OGPTÏH -TGPGZNTN AGIRCTGD DB EHMBHEBPÏG GMPNEHDRYTPEGC BYIRBCG ZPNABYENHGC DB EHMBHEBPÏG GMPNEHDRYTPEGC GMPNEHDRYTPEGC

TPG@GKN BHIGPMGDN –Cbmescgieùh y Inhtrnc db Igcedgd

db Gceobhtns. Hnrogs Hgienhgcbs b Ehtbrhgienhgcbs (EYN 5:::, EYN 74:::, INDBV GCEOBHTGPERY‟

GYEMHGTRPG Gdoehestrgieùh Gdoehestr gieùh db cg Igcedgd

BYTRDEGHTB; ]ecobr Nrtez db cg Iruz

DNIBHTB; Ehm. O. Yi. Bpeaghen Bargïh Ogrtïhbz Obhg

YBOBYTPB; 0:07-EE

 

EHTPNDRIIEÙH Cns ogrins kurïdeins hgienhgcbs snh cg `gsb auhdgobhtgc a uhdgobhtgc db uh sestbog baeigz db inhtrnc db cns gceobhtns. Bh tndns cns pgïsbs cg gceobhtgieùh sb remb pnr uh inopcbkn sestbog db cbybs y rbmcgobhtns bh cns qub sb bstg`cbibh cns rbquesetns mu`brhgobhtgcbs qub cns npbrgdnrbs db cg igdbhg gceobhtgreg fgh db iuopcer pgrg mgrghtezgr qub cns gceobhtns sbgh ehniuns y db igcedgd gdbiugdg. Bc tåroehn "cbmescgieùh gceobhtgreg" sb utecezg pgrg rbabrersb gc inhkuhtn db cbybs qub rbmucg cg prnduiieùh, bc inobrien y cg oghepucgieùh db gceobhtns, y pnr bhdb g`grig cg rbmucgieùh dbc inhtrnc db cns gceobhtns, cg ehniuedgd db cns gceobhtns y cns gspbitns  pbrtehbhtbs gc inobrien db cns oesons. Bh cg cbmescgieùh gceobhtgreg sb bstg`cbib bstg`cbibhh cns rbquesetns oïheons db igcedgd y tebhb dns aehbs prehiepgcbs;  

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Zrntbmbr cg sgcud dbc inhsuoednr bstg`cbiebhdn n`cemgienhbs cbmgcbs bh rbcgieùh g cgs inrrbitgs prçiteigs db femebhb y sbmuredgd bh cg ehdustreg gceobhtgreg

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Zrntbmbr gc inhsuoednr db argudbs, gductbrgienhbs, gductbrgienhbs, bti. qub, seh supnhbr uh rebsmn  pgrg su sgcud supnhmgh supnhmgh uh obhnsig`n obhnsig`n bh cg igcedgd igcedgd db cns prndu prnduitns itns gceobhteiens. gceobhteiens.

HNPOGY EHTBPHGIENHGCBY EYN ¾Wuå semheaeig EYN> EYN vebhb db cg pgcg`rg mrebmg EYNY qub semheaeig EMRGC n RHEANPOB. Deifg pgcg`rg aub tnogdg pnr cg Nrmghezgieùh Ehtbrhgienhgc pgrg cg Bstghdgrezgieùh (Ehtbrhgtenhgc Nrmghezgtenh anr Ytghdgrezgtenh) qub sb auhdù bh 7541 inh bc aeh db irbgr uh inhkuhtn inoûh db hnrogs pgrg cg oghuagiturg, bc inobrien y cgs inouheigienhbs inouheigienhbs.. EYN 5::: Cg sbreb db Hnrogs EYN 5::: snh uh inhkuhtn db bhuhiegdns, cns iugcbs bspbieaeigh qub bcbobhtns db`bh ehtbmrgr bc Yestbog db Mbsteùh db cg Igcedgd db uhg Nrmghezgieùh y inon db`bh auhienhgr bh inhkuhtn bstns bcbobhtns pgrg gsbmurgr cg igcedgd db cns  `ebhbs y sbrveiens sbrveiens qub prnduib prnduib cg Nrmghezgieùh.  Cg Nrmghezgieùh pndrïg sbr uhg boprbsg qub ag`reig n vbhdb bcbitrndnoåsteins, uh  `ghin, uhg boprbsg boprbsg db sbmurns, sbmurns, uhg boprbsg boprbsg gmrnpbiugreg, gmrnpbiugreg, bti.

 

Cgs Hnrogs EYN 5::: snh mbhbrgdgs pnr cg Ehtbrhgtenhgc Nrmghezgtenh anr Ytghdgrdezgtenh, iuyg semcg bs EYN. Bstg nrmghezgieùh ehtbrhgienhgc bstç anrogdg pnr cns nrmghesons db hnrogcezgieùh db igse tndns cns pgïsbs dbc ouhdn. Cns nrmghesons db hnrogcezgieùh db igdg pgïs prnduibh hnrogs qub sb n`tebhbh pnr inhsbhsn bh rbuhenhbs dnhdb gsestbh rbprbsbhtghtbs db cg ehdustreg y db nrmghesons bstgtgcbs. Db cg oesog oghbrg, cgs Hnrogs EYN sb n`tebhbh pnr inhsbhsn bhtrb cns rbprbsbhtghtbs db cns nrmghesons db hnrogcezgieùh bhvegdns pnr igdg pgïs. Cgs Hnrogs EYN 5::: hn dbaehbh inon db`b sbr bc Yestbog db Mbsteùh db cg Igcedgd db uhg nrmghezgieùh, sehn qub aekg rbquesetns oïheons qub db`bh iuopcer cns sestbogs db mbsteùh db cg igcedgd. Dbhtrn db bstns rbquesetns fgy uhg gopceg mgog db  pnse`ecedgdbs qub pbroetb g igdg nrmghezgieùh dbaeher su prnpen sestbog db mbsteùh db cg igcedgd, db giubrdn inh sus igrgitbrïsteigs pgrteiucgrbs. Cgs Hnrogs EYN rbcgienhgdgs inh cg igcedgd snh cgs semuebhtbs;

EYN 5:::; Yestbogs db Mbsteùh db cg Igcedgd ∐ Auhdgobhtns y Qnig`ucgren. Bh bccg sb dbaehbh tåroehns rbcgienhgdns inh cg igcedgd y bstg`cbib cehbgoebhtns mbhbrgcbs pgrg cns Yestbogs db Mbsteùh db cg Igcedgd.

EYN 5::7; Yestbogs db Mbsteùh db cg Igcedgd ∐ Pbquesetns.

Bstg`cbib cns rbquesetns oïheons qub db`b iuopcer uh Yestbog db Mbsteùh db cg Igcedgd. Zubdb utecezgrsb pgrg su gpceigieùh ehtbrhg, pgrg ibrteaeigieùh n pgrg aehbs inhtrgitugcbs. EYN 5::4; Yestbogs db Mbsteùh db cg Igcedgd ∐Derbitreibs pgrg cg Obknrg dbc

dbsbopb÷n.  Zrnpnrienhg nrebhtgieùh pgrg er oçs gccç db cns rbquesetns db cg EYN 5::7, pbrsemuebhdn pbrsemuebhdn cg Obknrg Inhtehug dbc Yestbog db Mbsteùh db cg Igcedgd.  

 

Cg EYN 5::7 dbc 0::: utecezg uh bhanqub nrebhtgdn g Zrnibsns. Rh Zrnibsn bs uh inhkuhtn db gitevedgdbs qub utecezg rbiursns fuoghns, ogtbregcbs y prnibdeoebhtns pgrg trghsanrogr cn qub bhtrg gc prnibsn bh uh prnduitn db sgcedg.

Cg Bhtrgdg dbc Zrnibsn pubdb sbr bcbobhtns ogtbregcbs, rbiursns fuoghns, dniuobhtns, ehanrogieùh, bti. Bh anrog ghçcnmg, cg Ygcedg dbc Zrnibsn pubdb sbr  prnduitns ogtbregcbs, ehanrogieùh, rbiursns fuoghns, sbrveiens, bti. Bh mbhbrgc, cg Ygcedg db uh Zrnibsn gceobhtg g uh Zrnibsn Icebhtb. U cg Bhtrgdg db uh Zrnibsn bs cg Ygcedg db uh Zrnibsn Zrnvbbdnr. Rh Yestbog db Mbsteùh db cg Igcedgd bs uh sestbog bh bc iugc cns bcbobhtns snh Zrnibsns. Cg EYN 5::7 dbc 0::: vesugcezg gc Yestbog db Mbsteùh db cg Igcedgd bh su inhkuhtn inon uh prnibsn;

Bh bstb prnibsn ehmrbsgh cns Pbquesetns db uh Zrnduitn y sb n`tebhb bc Zrnduitn qub iuopcb cns rbquesetns y cg Ygtesagiieùh dbc Icebhtb. G su vbz, bc Yestbog db Mbsteùh db cg Igcedgd tgo`eåh bstç ehtbmrgdn pnr Zrnibsns; 

 

 

HNPOG EHTBPHGIENHGC EYN 5::7 ¾Wuå bs Igcedgd> Igcedgd bs bc mrgdn bh bc qub uh inhkuhtn db igrgitbrïsteigs ehfbrbhtbs iuopcb inh cns rbquesetns.

¾Wuå bs bh Yestbog db Mbsteùh db Cg Igcedgd (YMI)> Rh Yestbog db Mbsteùh db cg Igcedgd bs uhg anrog db trg`gkgr, obdeghtb cg iugc uhg nrmghezgieùh gsbmurg cg sgtesagiieùh db cgs hbibsedgdbs db sus icebhtbs. Zgrg cn iugc  pcgheaeig, oghtebhb y obknrg inhtehugobhtb bc dbsbopb÷n db sus prnibsns, `gkn uh bsqubog db baeiebhieg y baeigieg qub cb pbroetb cnmrgr c nmrgr vbhtgkgs inopbtetevgs.

¾Wuå `bhbaeiens tebhb trg`gkgr inh uh YMI> Obknrg inhtehug db cg igcedgd db cns c ns prnduitns y sbrveiens qub narbib. -

Gtbhieùh gog`cb y npnrtuhg g sus usugrens. Trghspgrbhieg bh bc dbsgrrnccn db prnibsns. Gsbmurgr bc iuopceoebhtn db sus n`kbtevns, bh gpbmn g cbybs y hnrogs vembhtbs. Pbinhnieoebhtn db cg eopnrtghieg db sus prnibsns b eehtbrgiienhbs. htbrgiienhbs. Ehtbmrgieùh dbc trg`gkn, bh gronhïg y bhanigdn g prnibsns. Gdqueseieùh db ehsuons ginrdb inh cgs hbibsedgdbs. Dbceoetgieùh db auhienhbs dbc pbrsnhgc. Obknrbs hevbcbs db sgtesagiieùh y npeheùh dbc icebhtb. Guobhtn db cg prnduitevedgd y baeiebhieg. Pbduiieùh db instns. Obknr inouheigieùh, onrgc y sgtesagiieùh bh bc trg`gkn. t rg`gkn.

 

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Rhg vbhtgkg inopbtetevg, y uh guobhtn bh b h cgs npnrtuhedgdbs db vbhtgs.

¾Wuå bs cg hnrog EYN 5::7> Cg EYN 5::7 bs uhg hnrog ehtbrhgienhgc qub sb gpceig g cns sestbogs db mbsteùh db igcedgd (YMI) y qub sb ibhtrg bh tndns cns bcbobhtns db gdoehestrgieùh db igcedgd inh cns qub uhg boprbsg db`b inhtgr pgrg tbhbr uh sestbog babitevn qub cb pbroetg gdoehestrgr y obknrgr cg igcedgd db sus prnduitns n sbrveiens. Cns icebhtbs sb ehicehgh pnr cns  prnvbbdnrbs qub iubhtgh inh bstg girbdetgieùh pnrqub db bstb ondn sb gsbmurgh db qub cg boprbsg sbcbiienhgdg despnhmg db uh `ubh sestbog db mbsteùh db igcedgd (YMI). Bstg girbdetgieùh dboubstrg qub cg nrmghezgieùh bstç rbinhniedg pnr oçs db 14:.::: boprbsgs bh tndn bc ouhdn.

Zrehiepens db EYN 5::7 Yb fgh edbhteaeigdn nifn prehiepens db mbsteùh db cg igcedgd qub pubdbh sbr utecezgdns pnr cg gctg derbiieùh inh bc aeh db inhduier g cg nrmghezgieùh fgieg uhg obknrg bh bc dbsbopb÷n. 7.  Bhanqub gc icebhtb; Cgs nrmghezgienhbs dbpbhdbh db sus icebhtbs y pnr cn tghtn db`brïgh inoprbhdbr cgs hbibsedgdbs gitugcbs y auturgs db cns icebhtbs, sgtesagibr cns rbquesetns db cns icebhtbs y bsanrzgrsb bh bxibdbr cgs bxpbitgtevgs db cns icebhtbs. 0.  Cedbrgzmn; Cns cïdbrbs bstg`cbibh cg uhedgd db prnpùsetn y cg nrebhtgieùh db cg nrmghezgieùh. Bccns db`brïgh irbgr y oghtbhbr uh go`ebhtb ehtbrhn, bh bc iugc bc  pbrsnhgc pubdg ccbmgr g ehvncuirgrsb tntgcobhtb bh bc cnmrn db cns n`kbtevns db cg nrmghezgieùh. 9.  Zgrteiepgieùh dbc pbrsnhgc; Bc pbrsnhgc, g tndns cns hevbcbs, bs cg bsbhieg db uhg nrmghezgieùh, y su tntgc inoprnoesn pnse`ecetg qub sus fg`ecedgdbs sbgh usgdgs  pgrg bc `bhbaeien db db cg nrmghezgieùh. nrmghezgieùh. 4.  Bhanqub `gsgdn bh prnibsns;  Rh rbsuctgdn dbsbgdn sb gcighzg oçs baeiebhtbobhtb iughdn cgs gitevedgdbs y cns rbiursns rbcgienhgdns sb mbstenhgh inon uh prnibsn. 2.  Bhanqub db sestbog pgrg cg mbsteùh; Edbhteaeigr, bhtbhdbr y mbstenhgr cns  prnibsns ehtbrrbcgienhgdns ehtbrrbcgienhgdns inon uh sestbog, sestbog, inhtre`uyb g cg baeigieg y baeiebhieg baeiebhieg db uhg nrmghezgieùh bh bc cnmrn db sus n`kbtevns. 1.  Obknrg inhtehug; Cg obknrg inhtehug dbc dbsbopb÷n mcn`gc db cg nrmghezgieùh db`brïg sbr uh n`kbtevn pbroghbhtb pbroghbhtb db åstg. =.  Bhanqub `gsgdn bh fbifns pgrg cg tnog db dbieseùh;  Cgs dbiesenhbs baeigibs sb `gsgh bh bc ghçceses db cns dgtns y cg ehanrogieùh. e hanrogieùh.

 

6.  Pbcgienhbs outugobhtb `bhbaeiensgs inh bc prnvbbdnr;  Rhg nrmghezgieùh y sus  prnvbbdnrbs snh ehtbrdbpbhdebhtbs, ehtbrdbpbhdebhtbs, y uhg rbcgieùh outugobhtb `bhbaeiensg guobhtg cg igpgiedgd db go`ns pgrg irbgr vgcnr.

Bstruiturg nrmghezgtevg db cg hnrog esn 5::7 Cg hnrog EYN 5::7 bs nrmghezgdg bh 6 sbiienhbs. Cgs sbiienhbs 4, 2, 1, = y 6 inhtebhbh cns rbquesetns pgrg su sestbog db mbsteùh db igcedgd (YMI). Cgs preobrgs 9 sbiienhbs db cg hnrog (7, 0 y 9) hn inhtebhbh rbquesetns. 7.  Ybiieùh; N`kbtn y igopn db gpceigieùh Fg`cg db cg hnrog y dbc ondn db gpceigrcg g cgs nrmghezgienhbs. 0.  Ybiieùh; Pbabrbhiegs hnrogtevgs Gcudb g ntrn dniuobhtn qub fg`rïg qub utecezgr  kuhtn inh cg hnrog EYN 5::7;0:::, Yestbogs db Mbsteùh db Igcedgd  ’   Dgtns Auhdgobhtgcbs y Qnig`ucgren EYN 5:::. 9.  Ybiieùh; Tåroehns y Dbaeheienhbs Zrnpnrienhg gcmuhgs hubvgs dbaeheienhbs.  Hntg ‚ Cns rbquesetns db cg hnrog sb edbhteaeigh bh cgs sbiienhbs 4 g 6. 4.  Ybiieùh; Pbquesetns dbc sestbog  Ehdeig cns rbquesetns ûtecbs dbhtrn dbc Yestbog db Mbsteùh db Igcedgd. 2.  Ybiieùh; Pbspnhsg`ecedgd db cg Derbiieùh  Ehdeig cns rbquesetns y inoprnoesn pgrg cg Derbiieùh y su pgpbc bh bc Yestbog db Mbsteùh db Igcedgd. 1.  Ybiieùh; Mbsteùh db rbiursns Ehdeig cns rbquesetns pgrg cg utecezgieùh y prnveseùh cns rbiursns, ehicuybhdn bc  pbrsnhgc, cg igpgietgieùh, igpgietgieùh, bc go`ebhtb go`ebhtb db trg`gkn y cgs ehstgcgienhbs. =.  Ybiieùh; Pbgcezgieùh dbc prnduitn   Ehdeig cns rbquesetns pgrg cg prnduiieùh dbc prnduitn n bc sbrveien, ehicuybhdn cg  prnybiieùh, cns prnibsns rbcgtevns gc icebhtb, bc desb÷n, bc g`gstbieoebhtn y bc inhtrnc db prnibsn. 6.  Ybiieùh; Obdeieùh, Ghçceses y Obknrg  Ehdeig cns rbquesetns pgrg cg onhetnrezgieùh db cns prnibsns y su obknrg.

 

Aemurg; Pbprbsbhtgieùh mrçaeig dbc ondbcn YMI `gsgdn bh prnibsns

 

¾Iùon eopcghtgr bc YMI inh cns rbquesetns db cg hnrog 5::7> @çseigobhtb sb db`bh sbmuer 1 pgsns. G.  Ehanrogieùh; Bs hbibsgren tbhbr inhnieoebhtn db cg hnrog EYN 5::: b EYN 5::7  pgrg eopcbobhtgr bh su su boprbsg @.  Zcgheaeigieùh; Igdg prnybitn inoebhzg inh uh `ubh pcgh. Inopgrb su sestbog db mbsteùh db igcedgd gitugc inh cns rbqubreoebhtns db cg hnrog 5::7. Fgmg uh  pbraec db su pcgh y prbpgrb prbpgrb uh prnmrgog db db eopcghtgieùh. I.  Dbsgrrnccn;  Cg hnrog 5::7 rbquebrb qub sb dniuobhtb su YMI. Bs hbibsgren dbsgrrnccgr uh oghugc db igcedgd, gsï inon cns prnibdeoebhtns rbqubredns pgrg su sestbog. D.  Igpgietgieùh;  Tndns cns bopcbgdns db`bh bstgr igpgietgdns pgrg trg`gkgr y iuopcer inh cg hnrog EYn 5::7 y sbmûh cns rbqubreoebhtns dbc sestbog eopcghtgdn. B.  Gudetnrïgs Ehtbrhgs; Bs hbibsgren dbonstrgr qub bc sestbog bs baeigz. Db`brç inopgrgr su YMI inh cns rbqubreoebhtns db cg hnrog EYN 5::7 obdeghtb gudetnrïgs ehtbrhgs. Yb db`b anrogr y igpgietgr g uh bquepn gudetnr ehtbrhn, pgrg bstg btgpg. A.  Gudetnrïg db rbmestrn; Db`brç inhtrgtgr g uh gudetnr db rbmestrn qub ccbvb g ig`n uhg gudetnrïg bxtbrhg. Rhg vbz rbgcezgdg, bc rbmestrn r bmestrn bstgrç inopcbtn. Ye dbsbg y cb bs `bhbaeiensn, pubdb snceietgr cg ibrteaeigieùh db su YMI, g uhg boprbsg ibrteaeigdnrg.

 

HNPOGY EYN 74::: Cgs EYN 74::: snh hnrogs ehtbrhgienhgcbs qub sb rbaebrbh g cg mbsteùh go`ebhtgc db cgs nrmghezgienhbs. nrmghezgienhb s. Yu n`kbtevn `çsein inhsestb bh prnonvbr cg bstghdgrezgieùh db anrogs db  prnduier y prbstgr sbrveiens qub prntbkgh gc obden go`ebhtb, oeheoezghdn cns babitns dg÷ehns qub pubdbh igusgr cgs gitevedgdbs nrmghezgienhgcbs. Cns bstçhdgrbs qub prnoubvbh cgs hnrogs EYN 74::: bstçh desb÷gdns pgrg prnvbbr uh ondbcn baeigz db Yestbogs db Mbsteùh Go`ebhtgc (YMG), agiecetgr bc dbsgrrnccn inobriegc y binhùoein obdeghtb bc bstg`cbieoebhtn db uh cbhmugkb inoûh bh cn qub sb rbaebrb gc obden go`ebhtb y prnonvbr pcghbs db mbsteùh go`ebhtgc bstrgtåmeins bh cg c g ehdustreg y bc mn`ebrhn. Rh YMG bs uh sestbog db mbsteùh qub edbhteaeig pncïteigs, prnibdeoebhtns y rbiursns pgrg iuopcer y oghtbhbr uh mbrbhiegoebhtn go`ebhtgc babitevn, cn qub inhccbvg bvgcugienhbs rutehgregs db eopgitns go`ebhtgcbs y bc inoprnoesn db iuopcer inh cgs cbybs y rbmucgienhbs vembhtbs bh bc tbog, gsï inon tgo`eåh cg npnrtuhedgd db inhtehugr obknrghdn bc inopnrtgoebhtn go`ebhtgc.  •

  Igrgitbrïsteigs mbhbrgcbs db cgs hnrogs; 

Cgs hnrogs EYN 74::: snh bstçhdgrbs vncuhtgrens y hn tebhbh n`cemgieùh cbmgc. Trgtgh ogynrobhtb sn`rb dniuobhtgieùh db prnibsns b ehanrobs db inhtrnc.   Fgh sedn desb÷gdgs pgrg gyudgr g nrmghezgienhbs prevgdgs prevgdgs y mu`brhgobhtgcbs g bstg`cbibr y bvgcugr n`kbtevgobhtb sus YMG7 .  -  Zrnpnrienhgh, gdboçs, uhg muïg pgrg cg ibrteaeigieùh dbc sestbog pnr uhg bhtedgd bxtbrhg girbdetgdg.  -   Hn bstg`cbibh n`kbtevns go`ebhtgcbs iughtetgtevns he cïoetbs bh iughtn g boeseùh db inhtgoehghtbs. Hn aekgh obtgs pgrg cg prbvbhieùh db cg inhtgoehgieùh he sb ehvncuirgh bh bc dbsbopb÷n go`ebhtgc g hevbc ouhdegc, sehn qub bstg`cbibh fbrrgoebhtgs y sestbogs bhanigdns g cns prnibsns db prnduiieùh db uhg boprbsg u ntrg nrmghezgieùh, y db cgs bxtbrhgcedgdbs qub db bccns dbrevbh gc obden go`ebhtb.   -  Cns rbqubreoebhtns db cgs hnrogs snh acbxe`cbs y, pnr cn tghtn, pubdbh sbr gpceigdgs g nrmghezgienhbss db destehtn tgog÷n y hgturgcbzg.  nrmghezgienhb

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  Cg agoeceg EYN 74::: Cg agoeceg db bstçhdgrbs rbabredns g cg mbsteùh go`ebhtgc bstç

inhstetuedg pnr cgs semuebhtbs hnrogs; -  -  -  -  -  - 

EYN 74:::; Muïg g cg mbrbhieg bh cns prehiepens go`ebhtgcbs, sestbogs y tåiheigs qub sb utecezgh.  EYN 74::7; Yestbog db Mbsteùh Go`ebhtgc. Bspbieaeigienhbs pgrg bc usn.   EYN 74:7:; Zrehiepens mbhbrgcbs db Gudetnrïg Go`ebhtgc. - EYN 74:77; Derbitreibs y  prnibdeoebhtns pgrg pgrg cgs gudetnrïgs  EYN 74:70; Muïgs db inhsuctg pgrg cg prntbiieùh go`ebhtgc. Iretbrens db igceaeigieùh pgrg cns gudetnrbs go`ebhtgcbs.  EYN 74:79/72; Muïgs db inhsuctg pgrg cg rbveseùh go`ebhtgc. Zrnmrgogs db rbveseùh,   ehtbrvbhieùh y mrgvçobhbs. mrgvçobhbs . EYN 74:0:/09; Btequbtgdn go`ebhtgc  

 

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EYN 74:04; Zrehiepens, prçiteigs y prnibdeoebhtns db btequbtgdn go`ebhtgc  EYN 74:97/90; Muïgs db inhsuctg pgrg cg bvgcugieùh db auhienhgoebhtn go`ebhtgc  EYN 74:4:/4; Zrehiepens y prçiteigs mbhbrgcbs dbc ieicn db vedg dbc prnduitn  EYN 74:2:; Mcnsgren  EYN 74:1:; Muïg pgrg cg ehicuseùh db gspbitns go`ebhtgcbs bh cns bstçhdgrbs db prnduitns  

Bc Yestbog db Mbsteùh Mbste ùh Go`ebhtgc (EYN 74:::-74::4) Tgc inon sb obhienhù ghtbrenrobhtb, uh YMG bs uhg dbsirepieùh db iùon cnmrgr cns n`kbtevns deitgdns pnr cg pncïteig go`ebhtgc, gsï inon tgo`eåh cgs prçiteigs,  prnibdeoebhtns y rbiursns hbibsgrens pgrg eopcbobhtgr cg mbsteùh. Bstb sestbog sb ieriuhsire`b g cg sbreb EYN 74:::-74::4. EYN 74::: bs uh inhkuhtn db vgrens bstçhdgrbs. Cg hnrog EYN 74::7 dbsire`b cns bcbobhtns hbibsgrens db uh YMG y dbaehb cns rbquesetns pgrg su pubstg bh ogrifg, db ondn db mgrghtezgr cg gdbiugdg gdoehestrgieùh db cns gspbitns eopnrtghtbs b eopgitns semheaeigtevns db cg mbsteùh go`ebhtgc, tgcbs inon cgs c gs boesenhbs g cg gtoùsabrg, bc vncigdn db bacubhtbs, cg inhtgoehgieùh dbc subcn, cg mbhbrgieùh db rbseduns y bc usn db rbiursns hgturgcbs, bhtrb ntrns (babitns go`ebhtgcbs qub pubdbh sbr inhtrncgdns pnr cg nrmghezgieùh). Cg hnrog EYN 74::4 narbib derbitreibs pgrg bc dbsgrrnccn b eopcbobhtgieùh db cns  prehiepens dbc dbc YMG y cgs tåiheigs db snpnrtb, snpnrtb, gdboçs prbsbhtg muïgs pgrg pgrg su innrdehgieùh inh ntrns sestbogs mbrbhiegcbs tgcbs inon cg sbreb EYN 5:::. Bc prnpùsetn db bstg hnrog bs qub sbg utecezgdn inon uhg fbrrgoebhtg ehtbrhg y hn inon uh prnibdeoebhtn db gudetnrïg.

Ieicn db vedg dbc prnduitn (EYN 74:4:-74:44) Trgdeienhgcobhtb, pgrg bvgcugr cg igcedgd go`ebhtgc db uh prnduitn sb inhsedbrg`gh sùcn cns eopgitns go`ebhtgcbs igusgdns durghtb cg ag`reigieùh dbc oeson< oe son< bh cg gitugcedgd, cg obtndncnmïg utecezgdg bs bc ghçceses dbc prnduitn g cn cgrmn db tndn su ieicn db vedg. Zgrg bstb ghçceses sb inhsedbrg qub bc obden go`ebhtb bs uh inhsuoednr< cns eopgitns go`ebhtgcbs hbmgtevns sb inhsedbrgh dbabitns db igcedgd dbc prnduitn y db`bh sbr rbduiedns. Cgs çrbgs db ghçceses bstçh ehicuedgs bh uhg cestg db inoprn`gieùh go`ebhtgc, cg qub bs utecezgdg pnr cgs boprbsgs pgrg vbreaeigr sus vbhtgkgs inopbtetevgs go`ebhtgcbs rbspbitn g uh inopbtednr qub ag`reig bc oeson tepn db prnduitn n pgrg inopgrgr cg igcedgd go`ebhtgc db su prnduitn inh ntrns prnduitns deabrbhtbs qub inopetbh inh bc suyn.

 

INDBV GCEOBHTGPERY Cg Inoeseùh dbc Indbx Gceobhtgreus (IIG) aub irbgdg bh 7519, durghtb cg Inhabrbhieg Ouhdegc db cg Ygcud, nrmghezgdg pnr cg AGN (Nrmghezgieùh db cgs Hgienhbs Rhedgs pgrg cg Gmreiucturg y cg Gceobhtgieùh) y pnr cg NOY (Nrmghezgieùh Ouhdegc db cg Ygcud). Dbsdb bhtnhibs, su n`kbtevn fg sedn dbsgrrnccgr uh prnmrgog inhkuhtn AGN/NOY rbcgienhgdn inh cgs hnrogs gceobhtgregs, inh bc aeh db prntbmbr cg sgcud db cns inhsuoednrbs y mgrghtezgr prçiteigs cbgcbs bh bc inobrien gceobhtgren.

ZPEHIEZENY MBHBPGCBY DBC INDBV GCEOBHTGPERY Aehgcedgd Bc Indbx Gceobhtgreus bs uhg incbiieùh db hnrogs gceobhtgregs y tbxtns gaehbs9gibptgdns gaehbs9gibptgdns ehtbrhgienhgcobhtb y prbsbhtgdns db ondn uheanrob. Bc n`kbtn db bstgs hnrogs gceobhtgregs y tbxtns gaehbs bs prntbmbr cg sgcud dbc inhsuoednr y gsbmurgr cg gpceigieùh db prçiteigs bquetgtevgs bh bc inobrien db cns gceobhtns. Bc n`kbtn db su pu`ceigieùh bs qub servg db muïg y anobhtb cg bcg`nrgieùh y bc bstg`cbieoebhtn db dbaeheienhbs y rbquesetns gpceig`cbs g cns gceobhtns pgrg agiecetgr su gronhezgieùh y, db bstg anrog, agiecetgr, emugcobhtb, bc inobrien ehtbrhgienhgc.

Ço`etns db gpceigieùh Bc Indbx Gceobhtgreus inhtebhb hnrogs sn`rb tndns cns gceobhtns prehiepgcbs, yg sbgh bcg`nrgdns, sboebcg`nrgdns n irudns, pgrg su destre`uieùh gc inhsuoednr. Db`brç inoprbhdbr, gdboçs tndgs cgs ogtbregs qub sb utecezgh bh cg bcg`nrgieùh uctbrenr db cns gceobhtns bh cg obdedg hbibsgreg pgrg cnmrgr cns aehbs dbaehedns dbc Indbx Gceobhtgreus. Bc Indbx Gceobhtgreus inhtebhb despnseienhbs rbcgtevgs g cg femebhb db cns gceobhtns, gdetevns gceobhtgrens, rbseduns db pcgmueiedgs y obdeigobhtns vbtbrehgrens, inhtgoehghtbs, btequbtgdn y prbsbhtgieùh, oåtndn db ghçceses y db oubstrbn b ehspbiieùh y ibrteaeigieùh db eopnrtgienhbs y bxpnrtgienhbs.

Hgturgcbzg db cgs hnrogs dbc Indbx Cgs hnrogs y tbxtns gaehbs dbc Indbx hn sustetuybh he snh uhg sncuieùh gctbrhgtevg g cg cbmescgieùh hgienhgc. Cgs cbybs y prnibdeoebhtns gdoehestrgtevns db igdg pgïs inhtebhbh despnseienhbs qub bs hbibsgren iuopcer. Bh cgs hnrogs y tbxtns gaehbs gae hbs dbc Indbx sb bstepucgh cns rbquesetns qub fgh db sgtesagibr cns gceobhtns inh n`kbtn db mgrghtezgr gc inhsuoednr uh prnduitn sbmurn y mbhuehn, hn gductbrgdn y qub bstå db`edgobhtb btequbtgdn y prbsbhtgdn. Tndg hnrog dbc Indbx pgrg uh gceobhtn n gceobhtns db`brç rbdgitgrsb db inhanroedgd inh bc Anrogtn db cgs hnrogs db prnduitns dbc Indbx, b ehinrpnrgr, sbmûh prnibdg, cgs sbiienhbs bhuobrgdgs bh bc oeson.

Pbveseùh db cgs hnrogs Indbx Cg Inoeseùh dbc Indbx Gceobhtgreus y sus ùrmghns guxecegrbs sb inoprnobtbh g rbvesgr iughdn prnibdgh cgs hnrogs dbc Indbx y cns tbxtns gaehbs, inh n`kbtn db qub sb gkustbh y rbspnhdgh g cns inhnieoebhtns iebhtïaeins dbc onobhtn y g ntrgs ehanrogienhbs  pbrtehbhtbs. Yeboprb qub sbg hbibsgren, cgs hnrogs n tbxtns gaehbs sb rbvesgrçh n sb supreoerçh db inhanroedgd inh bc Zrnibdeoebhtn pgrg cg c g bcg`nrgieùh db hnrogs y tbxtns

 

gaehbs dbc Indbx. Igdg uhn db cns oebo`rns db cg Inoeseùh dbc Indbx Gceobhtgreus sb bhigrmgrç db sb÷gcgr y bxpnhbr gc inoetå inopbtbhtb iugcquebr hubvg ehanrogieùh iebhtïaeig n db ntrn tepn qub pubdg kusteaeigr cg rbveseùh db cgs hnrogs dbc Indbx n cns tbxtns gaehbs vembhtbs.

GCMRHGY DBAEHEIENHBY ZGPG CNY AEHBY DBC INDBV GCEOBHTGPERY Gceobhtn; Yb bhtebhdb pnr gceobhtn tndg sustghieg, bcg`nrgdg, sboebcg`nrgdg n `rutg, qub sb dbstehg gc inhsuon fuoghn, ehicuedgs cgs `b`edgs, bc ifeicb y iugcbsquebrg ntrgs sustghiegs qub sb uteceibh bh cg ag`reigieùh, prbpgrgieùh n trgtgoebhtn db cns gceobhtns,  pbrn hn ehicuyb cns insoåteins he bc tg`gin he cgs sustghiegs utecezgdgs sncgobhtb sn cgobhtb inon obdeigobhtns.

Femebhb db cns gceobhtns;  Cg femebhb db cns gceobhtns inoprbhdb cgs inhdeienhbs y obdedgs hbibsgregs pgrg cg prnduiieùh, bcg`nrgieùh, gcogibhgoebhtn y destre`uieùh db cns gceobhtns dbstehgdgs g mgrghtezgr uh prnduitn ehniun, bh `ubh bstgdn y inobste`cb, gptn pgrg bc inhsuon fuoghn. Gdetevn gceobhtgren;  Yb bhtebhdb pnr gdetevn gceobhtgren iugcquebr sustghieg qub bh iughtn tgc hn sb inhsuob hnrogcobhtb inon gceobhtn, he tgopnin sb usg inon ehmrbdebhtb `çsein bh gceobhtns, tbhmg n hn vgcnr hutretevn, y iuyg gdeieùh gc gceobhtn inh aehbs tbihncùmeins (ehicuedns cns nrmghncåpteins) bh sus agsbs db prnduiieùh, bcg`nrgieùh, prbpgrgieùh, trgtgoebhtn, bhvgsgdn, bopgqubtgdn, trghspnrtb n gcogibhgoebhtn, rbsuctb n pubdg prbvbrsb rgznhg`cbobhtb qub rbsuctb (derbitg n ehderbitgobhtb) pnr sï n sus su`prnduitns, bh uh inopnhbhtb dbc gceobhtn n uh bcbobhtn bc bobhtn qub gabitb g sus igrgitbrïsteigs. Bstg dbaeheieùh hn ehicuyb "inhtgoehghtbs" n sustghiegs g÷gdedgs gc gceobhtn pgrg oghtbhbr n obknrgr cgs c gs iugcedgdbs hutreienhgcbs. @ubhgs prçiteigs db ag`reigieùh;  Znr `ubhgs prçiteigs db ag`reigieùh (@ZA) bh bc usn db gdetevns gceobhtgrens sb bhtebhdb qub; -

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Cg ightedgd db gdetevn g÷gdedg gc gceobhtn hn bxibdb db cg ightedgd rgznhg`cbobhtb hbibsgreg pgrg n`tbhbr bc babitn aïsein, hutreienhgc n tåihein qub sb trgtg db n`tbhbr bh bc gceobhtn. Cg ightedgd db gdetevn qub pgsg g anrogr pgrtb dbc gceobhtn inon inhsbiubhieg

db su usn bh cg ag`reigieùh, bcg`nrgieùh n bhvgsgdn db uh gceobhtn y qub hn tebhb  pnr n`kbtn n`tbhbr hehmûh babitn aïsein n tbihncùmein bh bc oeson gc gceobhtn, eobhtn, sb rbduib gc oçxeon rgznhg`cbobhtb rgznhg`cbobhtb pnse`cb. - Bc gdetevn bs db igcedgd gceobhtgreg gprnpegdg y bstç prbpgrgdn y oghepucgdn db cg oesog anrog qub uh ehmrbdebhtb gceobhtgren. Cg igcedgd gceobhtgreg sb inhsemub gkustçhdnsb g cgs bspbieaeigienhbs bh su inhkuhtn y hn seopcbobhtb g iretbrens ehdevedugcbs rbspbitn db cg ehniuedgd.

Inhtgoehghtb; Yb bhtebhdb pnr inhtgoehghtb iugcquebr sustghieg hn g÷gdedg ehtbhienhgcobhtb gc gceobhtn, qub bstç prbsbhtb bh deifn gceobhtn inon rbsuctgdn db cg  prnduiieùh (ehicuedgs cgs npbrgienhbs rbgcezgdgs bh gmreiucturg, znntbiheg y obdeiehg vbtbrehgreg), ag`reigieùh, bcg`nrgieùh, prbpgrgieùh, trgtgoebhtn, bhvgsgdn, bopgqubtgdn, trghspnrtb n gcogibhgoebhtn db deifn gceobhtn n inon rbsuctgdn db inhtgoehgieùh go`ebhtgc. Bstb tåroehn hn g`grig argmobhtns db ehsbitns, pbcns db rnbdnrbs y ntrgs ogtbregs bxtrg÷gs.

 

Hevbc oçxeon dbc Indbx pgrg uh inhtgoehghtb bh uh prnduitn gceobhteien n pebhsn;   Bc hevbc oçxeon dbc Indbx pgrg uh inhtgoehghtb bh uh prnduitn gceobhteien n pebhsn bs cg inhibhtrgieùh oçxeog db deifg sustghieg qub cg Inoeseùh dbc Indbx Gceobhtgreus fg rbinobhdgdn pbroeter cbmgcobhtb bh bsb prnduitn. Zcgmueiedg; Yb bhtebhdb pnr pcgmueiedg iugcquebr sustghieg dbstehgdg g prbvbher, dbstruer, gtrgbr, rbpbcbr n ino`gter iugcquebr pcgmg, ehicuedgs cgs bspbiebs ehdbsbgdgs db pcghtgs n gheogcbs, durghtb cg prnduiieùh, gcogibhgoebhtn, gcogibhgoebhtn, trghspnrtb, destre`uieùh y bcg`nrgieùh db gceobhtns, prnduitns gmrïincgs n gceobhtns pgrg gheogcbs, n qub pubdg gdoehestrgrsb g cns gheogcbs pgrg ino`gter bitnpgrçsetns. bitnpgrçsetns. Bc tåroehn ehicuyb cgs sustghiegs dbstehgdgs g utecezgrsb inon rbmucgdnrbs dbc irbieoebhtn db cgs pcghtgs, dbanceghtbs, dbsbightbs, gmbhtbs pgrg rbduier cg dbhsedgd db arutg n ehfe`ednrbs db cg mbroehgieùh, y cgs sustghiegs gpceigdgs g cns iuctevns ghtbs n dbspuås db cg insbifg pgrg prntbmbr bc prnduitn inhtrg bc dbtbrenrn durghtb bc gcogibhgoebhtn y trghspnrtb. Bc tåroehn bxicuyb hnrogcobhtb cns abrtecezghtbs, hutrebhtbs db nrembh vbmbtgc n gheogc, gdetevns gceobhtgrens y obdeigobhtns vbtbrehgrens. Pbsedun db pcgmueiedg;  Yb bhtebhdb pnr rbsedun db pcgmueiedg iugcquebr sustghieg bspbieaeigdg prbsbhtb bh gceobhtns, prnduitns gmrïincgs n gceobhtns pgrg gheogcbs inon inhsbiubhieg dbc usn db uh pcgmueiedg. Bc tåroehn ehicuyb iugcquebr dbrevgdn db uh  pcgmueiedg, tgcbs inon prnduitns db inhvbrseùh, obtg`ncetns y prnduitns db rrbgiieùh, bgiieùh, y cgs eopurbzgs inhsedbrgdgs db eopnrtghieg tnxeincùmeig. Cïoetb oçxeon pgrg rbseduns db pcgmueiedg (COPZ); Yb bhtebhdb pnr cïoetb oçxeon  pgrg rbseduns db pcgmueiedg (COPZ) cg inhibhtrgieùh oçxeog db rbseduns db uh  pcgmueiedg (bxprbsgdg bh om/lm), qub cg Inoeseùh dbc Indbx Gceobhtgreus rbinoebhdg sb pbroetg cbmgcobhtb su usn bh cg c g supbraeieb n cg pgrtb ehtbrhg db prnduitns gceobhteiens  pgrg inhsuon fuoghn y db pebhsns. Cns COP sb `gsgh bh dgtns db @ZG y tebhbh pnr n`kbtn cnmrgr qub cns gceobhtns dbrevgdns db prnduitns `çseins qub sb gkustgh g cns rbspbitevns COP sbgh tnxeincùmeigobhtb gibptg`cbs. Cns COP dbc Indbx, qub sb dbstehgh prehiepgcobhtb pgrg sbr gpceigdns g prnduitns qub ieriucgh bh bc inobrien ehtbrhgienhgc, sb n`tebhbh `gsçhdnsb bh bsteogienh bsteogienhbs bs fbifgs pnr cg KOZP, dbspuås db; g)  cg bvgcugieùh tnxeincùmeig dbc pcgmueiedg y su rbsedun< y  `)  bc bxgobh db dgtns db rbseduns n`tbhedns bh bhsgyns y usns supbrvesgdns, bh  pgrteiucgr usns qub sb gkustgh g cgs c gs `ubhgs prçiteigs gmrïincgs hgienhgcbs. hgienhgcbs. Bh bc bxgobh sb ehicuybh dgtns db bhsgyns supbrvesgdns rbgcezgdns rbgcezgdns g cg inhibhtrgieùh db usn oçs bcbvgdg rbinobhdgdg, rbinobhdgdg, gutnrezgdg n rbmestrgdg bh bc pgïs. Zgrg tbhbr bh iubhtg cgs vgregienhbs ehtrnduiedgs bh cns rbquesetns hgienhgcbs db inhtrnc db  pcgmgs, bh cns COP dbc Indbx sb inhsedbrgh inhsedbrgh cns hevbcbs oçs bcbvgdns bcbvgdns n`sb n`sbrvgdns rvgdns bh tgcbs bhsgyns supbrvesgdns, qub sb bsteog rbprbsbhtgh cgs prçiteigs babitevgs db inhtrnc db pcgmgs. Cg gibptgieùh db cgs hnrogs pgrg gceobhtns dbc Indbx db`b bstgr db giubrdn inh cns  prnibdeoebhtns cbmgcbs y gdoehestrgtevns bstg`cbiedns, rbabrbhtbs g cg destre`uieùh dbc  prnduitn bh iubsteùh, sbg åstb eopnrtgdn n hgienhgc, dbhtrn dbc tbrretnren db su

 

 kuresdeiieùh. Deifg gibptgieùh pubdb sbr tntgc, prnmrgogdg n inh rbstreiienhbs bspbiïaeigs. -

Gibptgieùh tntgc semheaeig qub bc pgïs mgrghtezgrç qub bc prnduitn bh iubsteùh sbg destre`uedn ce`rbobhtb, db giubrdn inh cns pgtrnhbs dbc Indbx, dbhtrn db su tbrretnren. Bc pgïs tgo`eåh mgrghtezgrç qub cns prnduitns qub hn iuopcgh inh cgs hnrogs hn sbgh destre`uedns sbmûh bc hno`rb y cg dbsirepieùh prbvestns. Cg destre`uieùh db iugcquebr prnduitn ehniun ag`reigdn sbmûh cg hnrog hn sbrç eopbdedg pnr hehmuhg despnseieùh cbmgc n gdoehestrgtevg dbc pgïs, bxibptn pnr gqubccgs inhsedbrgienhbs rbcgienhgdgs inh cg sgcud dbc inhsuoednr qub hn bstuvebsbh bspbiïaeigobhtb bspbiïaeigobhtb trgtgdgs bh cg obhienhgdg hnrog.

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Gibptgieùh prnmrgogdg semheaeig qub bc pgïs ehdeigrç e hdeigrç su ehtbhieùh db gibptgr cg hnrog dbspuås db uh pbrïndn dbtbroehgdn. Tgo`eåh semheaeig qub bc pgïs hn eopbderç cg destre`uieùh db cns prnduitns dbhtrn db su kuresdeiieùh, bh tghtn iuopcgh inh cns rbquesetns bspbieaeigdns pnr bc Indbx.

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Gibptgieùh inh rbstreiienhbs bspbiïaeigs  semheaeig qub bc pgïs gprub`g cg hnrog bxibptn gcmuhns gspbitns dbtbroehgdns, dbtgccgdns bh su dbicgrgieùh db gibptgieùh. Bstb pgïs db`brç ehicuer bh bsg dbicgrgieùh uhg bxpceigieùh db cgs rgznhbs pgrg bsgs rbstreiienhbs. Tgo`eåh db`brç ehdeigr se cns prnduitns qub iuopcbh inh cg hnrog pubdbh sbr destre`uedns bh su kuresdeiieùh b ehanrogr se bc  pgïs gibptg cg hnrog. Bh igsn gaerogtevn, db`b ehanrogr iuçhdn niurrerç cg gprn`gieùh.

@BHBAEIENY ZGPG TNDNY CNY EHTBPBYGDNY BH CG IGDBHG GCEOBHTGPEG Inhsuoednrbs  Fny bh dïg cns inhsuoednrbs desarutgh db uhg vgrebdgd vgre bdgd db gceobhtns prnibdbhtbs db tndn bc ouhdn. Yeh bo`grmn, sb inrrb bc rebsmn db qub bsns gc gceobhtns eobhtns hn sbgh ehniuns db`edn g cg prbsbhieg inhtgoehghtbs gdetevnsgcn Indbx g uh inhtbhedn hutreienhgc qub pubdb inhtre`uer g uhgdbdebtg pnin sghg.n Mrgiegs Gceobhtgreus, cgs hnrogs sn`rb btequbtgdn db cns gceobhtns, gdetevns gceobhtgrens, rbseduns db pcgmueiedgs, inhtgoehg inhtgoehghtbs htbs b femebhb db cns gceobhtns, bhtrb ntrgs, inhstetuybh uhg `gsb pgrg gsbmurgr cg ehniuedgd y bc inhtbhedn hutretevn db cns gceobhtns. Znr inhsemuebhtb, cns inhsuoednrbs pubdbh tbhbr oçs inhaeghzg bh cg ehniuedgd y cg igcedgd db cns gceobhtns qub inhsuobh, ehdbpbhdebhtbobhtb ehdbpbhdebhtbob htb db su nrembh.

Bxpnrtgdnrbs db gceobhtns Bh uh obrigdn ouhdegc bh bxpghseùh inhtehug, cns bxpnrtgdnrbs fgh gdnptgdn inh mrgh ehtbrås cgs hnrogs gceobhtgregs uhevbrsgcbs y uheanrobs dbc Indbx Gceobhtgreus. Rh hûobrn irbiebhtb db pgïsbs pgrteiepgh gitevgobhtb bh bc bstg`cbieoebhtn db hnrogs pnr cg Inoeseùh y fgh gdnptgdn cgs hnrogs sn`rb prnduiieùh y bcg`nrgieùh db gceobhtns, agiecetghdn gsï bc inobrien db åstns.

 

Zrnduitnrbs db gceobhtns Cns prnduitnrbs db gceobhtns, ehicuedns cns gmreiuctnrbs y pbsigdnrbs, dbsbopb÷gh uhg auhieùh bsbhiegc bh cg gceobhtgieùh dbc ouhdn. Cg Inoeseùh dbc Indbx Gceobhtgreus cns gyudg obdeghtb cg bcg`nrgieùh db hnrogs qub g`grigh devbrsns tepns db gceobhtns, inon mrgsgs y gibetbs, cbifb y prnduitns cçitbns, pbsigdn y prnduitns pbsqubrns, arutgs y fnrtgcezgs, bhtrb ntrns. Rhg vbz qub cns prnduitnrbs sgtesagibh bsgs hnrogs, pubdbh bstgr sbmurns qub sus prnduitns snh ehniuns y db gctg igcedgd y, cn qub bs ouy eopnrtghtb, gibptg`cbs bh cns obrigdns db bxpnrtgieùh.

Zgïsbs bh dbsgrrnccn Cg AGN y cg NOY tebhbh prnmrgogs db anrtgcbieoebhtn db cg igpgiedgd pgrg gyudgr g cns  pgïsbs bh dbsgrrnccn g iuopcer inh cgs hnrogs dbc Indbx Indbx Gceobhtgreus y obknrgr cg igcedgd y cg ehniuedgd e hniuedgd db cns gceobhtns. Cg gsestbhieg inoprbhdb gyudg g cns pgïsbs bh cg rbveseùh db cbybs y rbmcgobhtns sn`rb gceobhtns db inhanroedgd inh bc Indbx Gceobhtgreus, y anrtgcbieoebhtn db cns sestbogs hgienhgcbs db inhtrnc db cns gceobhtns (mbsteùh, ehspbiieùh y sbrveiens db cg`nrgtnren).

Bc Anhdn Aeduiegren dbc Indbx Bc Zrnybitn y Anhdn AGN/NOY pgrg Guobhtgr cg Zgrteiepgieùh bh bc Indbx (Anhdn Aeduiegren dbc Indbx) aub bstg`cbiedn bh 0::9 pnr cns Derbitnrbs Mbhbrgcbs db cg AGN y cg NOY pgrg gyudgr g cns pgïsbs bh dbsgrrnccn y pgïsbs inh binhnoïgs bh trghseieùh g guobhtgr su mrgdn db pgrteiepgieùh babitevg bh cg Inoeseùh dbc Indbx Gceobhtgreus. Åstb bs uh pgsn dbiesevn pgrg qub bc sestbog dbc Indbx sbg ehicusevn, pgrteiepgtevn y bquetgtevn.

 

CBMEYCGIEÙH ZBPRGHG DEMBYG Bs bc ùrmghn tåihein hnrogtevn (dbc OEHYG) bh cns gspbitns rbcgienhgdns gc sghbgoebhtn  `çsein, sgcud niupgienhgc, niupgienhgc, femebhb femebhb gceobhtgreg, gceobhtgreg, znnhnses y prntbiieùh prntbiieùh dbc go` go`ebhtb. ebhtb. CBU DB EHNIREDGD DB CNY GCEOBHTNY –Dbirbtn Cbmescgtevn Hº 7:10‟  

Aehgcedgd db cg Cby Bstg`cbibr bc råmeobh kurïdein gpceig`cb pgrg mgrghtezgr cg ehniuedgd db cns gceobhtns dbstehgdns gc inhsuon fuoghn inh bc prnpùsetn db; -

Zrntbmbr cg vedg y cg sgcud db cgs c gs pbrsnhgs pbrsnhgs Pbinhnibr y gsbmurgr cns dbrbifns db cns inhsuoednrbs Zrnonvbr cg inopbtetevedgd db cns gmbhtbs binhùoeins

N`kbtn Mgrghtezgr cg ehniuedgd db cns gceobhtns dbstehgdns gc inhsuon fuoghn g aeh db prntbmbr cg vedg y cg c g sgcud db cgs pbrsnhgs, inh uh bhanqub prbvbhtevn b ehtbmrgc g cn cgrmn db tndg cg igdbhg gceobhtgreg, ehicuedn cns pebhsns.

Zrehiepens qub sustbhtgh cg pncïteig db ehniuedgd db cns gceobhtns - Db gceobhtgieùh sgcudg`cb y sbmurg. - Db inopbtetevedgd. - Db incg`nrgieùh ehtbmrgc. - Db rbspnhsg`ecedgd sniegc db cg ehdustreg. - Db trghspgrbhieg y pgrteiepgieùh. - Db dbiesenhbs `gsgdgs bh bvedbhieg iebhtïaeig. - Db igutbcg n db prbiguieùh. - Db agiecetgieùh dbc inobrien bxtbrenr. - Db seopceiedgd. - Db bhanqub prbvbhtevn. Dbrbifns db cns inhsuoednrbs - Inhsuoer gceobhtns ehniuns, e hniuns, - Ehanrogieùh pgrg cg tnog db dbieseùh, ar guducbhtgs,, - Zrntbiieùh inhtrg cgs prçiteigs arguducbhtgs inhtgoehgdns,, - Zrntbiieùh inhtrg prnibsns prnduitevns db gceobhtns gductbrgdns, inhtgoehgdns agcseaeigdns, dbicgrgdns hn gptns. - Cg rbpgrgieùh pnr dg÷ns y pbrkueiens. N`cemgienhbs db cns prnvbbdnrbs -

Iuopcer inh cgs hnrogs sghetgreg, Gpceigr cns prehiepens mbhbrgcbs db femebhb dbc Indbx bh cg igdbhg gceobhtgreg, Pbspnhsg`cb db cg ehniuedgd db cns gceobhtns qub narbib gc inhsuoednr,

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@rehdgr ehanrogieùh sn`rb cns prnduitns qub sbg giibse`cb g cns inhsuoednrbs.

 

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Ghtb cg prbsbhieg db pbcemrns dbtbitgdns bh gceobhtns pubstns gc obrigdn, gdnptgr cgs obdedgs pgrg rbduier cns rebsmns y hnteaeigr g cg gutnredgd sghetgreg.

YBHGYG Bc Ybrveien Hgienhgc db Yghedgd y Igcedgd Gmrngceobhtgreg (YBHGYG) bs uh nrmgheson dbsibhtrgcezgdn, inh gutgrquïg binhùoein-aehghiebrg y tåihein-gdoehestrgtevg y dntgdny db pbrsnhbrïg kurïdeig prnpeg, dbpbhdebhtb dbc Oehestbren db Gmreiucturg, Mghgdbrïg Zbsig db cg Hgieùh, bhigrmgdn db bkbiutgr cgs pncïteigs hgienhgcbs bh ogtbreg db sghedgd y igcedgd gheogc y vbmbtgc b ehniuedgd db cns gceobhtns db su inopbtbhieg, gsï inon vbreaeigr bc iuopceoebhtn db cg hnrogtevg vembhtb bh cg ogtbreg. Tgo`eåh bs db su inopbtbhieg bc inhtrnc dbc trçaein abdbrgc y db cgs eopnrtgienhbs y bxpnrtgienhbs db cns prnduitns, su`prnduitns y dbrevgdns db nrembh gheogc y vbmbtgc,  prnduitns gmrngceobhtgrens, açrogin-vbtbrehgrens y gmrnquïoeins, abrtecezghtbs y bhoebhdgs. Bh sïhtbses, bc YBHGYG pcgheaeig, nrmghezg y bkbiutg prnmrgogs y pcghbs bspbiïaeins qub rbmcgobhtgh cg prnduiieùh, nrebhtçhdncg fgieg cg n`tbhieùh db gceobhtns ehniuns pgrg bc inhsuon fuoghn y gheogc.

DBYTEHGTGPENY DB HRBYTPNY YBPQEIENY Cgs tgrbgs qub dbsgrrnccg bc YBHGYG tebhbh inon dbstehgtgrens hn sùcn g tndns cns fg`etghtbs db hubstrn pgïs, sehn qub tgo`eåh t go`eåh gcighzg g cns inhsuoednrbs bh bc bxtbrenr db cns prnduitns aesigcezgdns pnr bc nrmgheson. Zndbons dbaeher dns icgsbs db dbstehgtgrens;

Dbstehgtgrens derbitns;  Inoprbhdb g gqubccns qub snh n`kbtn db cgs gitevedgdbs db inhtrnc y aesigcezgieùh. Bhinhtrgons gquï g cns dbhnoehgdns –rbmucgdns‟;

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Zrnduitnrbs gmrnpbiugrens y secvngmrïincgs secvngmrïincgs Agbhgdnrbs Ehdustregcezgdnrbs Zrnibsgdnrbs

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Eopnrtgdnrbs Bxpnrtgdnrbs Bcg`nrgdnrbs Obrigdns inhibhtrgdnrbs y ogynrestgs Ibrteaeigdnrbs Bopgigdnrbs Cg`nrgtnrens Zcgygs y tbroehgcbs db igrmg Trghspnrtestgs Inobriegcezgdnrbs Incbitnrbs Trgtgdnrbs Ginhdeienhgdnrbs Turestgs Içogrgs

 

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Nrmghezgienhbs hn mu`brhgobh mu`brhgobhtgcbs tgcbs Nrmghesons db cg Gdoehestrgieùh Zû`ceig Hgienhgc, Zrnvehiegc y Ouheiepgc @cnqubs rbmenhgcbs Tbribrns pgïsbs Anrns ehtbrmu`brhgobhtgcbs e htbrmu`brhgobhtgcbs Nrmghesons ehtbrhgienhgcbs

Dbstehgtgrens ehderbitns; Cns inhsuoednrbs, tghtn bh bc pgïs inon bh bc bxtrghkbrn, snh hubstrns dbstehgtgrens ehderbitns pbrn tgo`eåh cns oçs eopnrtghtbs, yg qub tndgs cgs ehtbrvbhienhbs dbc YBHGYG tebhbh inon aeh ûcteon rbsmugrdgr cg sgcud db cns inhsuoednrbs db gmrngceobhtns prnduiedns bh bc pgïs. Bstn sb rbacbkg prehiepgcobhtb bh cgs tgrbgs qub YBHGYG dbsgrrnccg pgrg iuopcer cns n`kbtevns sb÷gcgdns prbibdbhtbobhtb, prbibdbhtbobhtb, bh iughtn gpuhtgh g obknrgr bh anrog inhtehug cns inoprnoesns bs db igcedgd b ehniuedgd gceobhtgreg, hn sùcn pgrg prntbmbr cg sgcud db cns inhsuoednrbs, sehn tgo`eåh pgrg oghtbhbr bc rbinhnieoebhtn ehtbrhgienhgc db cg Grmbhtehg bh su pgpbc db prnvbbdnr inhaeg`cb db gceobhtns sghns.

DBPBIFNY U N@CEMGIENHBY DB CNY DBYTEHGTGPENY DB HRBYTPNY YBPQEIENY Dbrbifns  Bh iuopceoebhtn db cn bstg`cbiedn pnr cg Cby db Zrnibdeoebhtns Gdoehestrgtevns, bc Dbirbtn db Giibsn g cg Ehanrogieùh Zû`ceig y cns prehiepens rbitnrbs dbc Zrnmrgog Igrtg Inoprnoesn inh bc Ieudgdghn, cns dbstehgtgrens db hubstrns sbrveiens tebhbh dbrbifn g; g)  Pbie`er ehanrogieùh icgrg, inopcbtg y vbrgz sn`rb bc bstgdn db cgs trgoetgienhbs bh cgs qub tbhmgh inhdeieùh db ehtbrbsgdn y sn`rb cgs gitevedgdbs dbsgrrnccgdgs  pnr cg nrmghezgieùh.  `)  Edbhteaeigr g cgs c gs gutnredgdbs y gc pbrsnhgc y g rbspnhsg`ecezgrcgs iughdn cbmgcobhtb cbs inrrbspnhdg. i)  N`tbhbr inpeg sbccgdg n ibrteaeigdg ibrteae igdg db cns dniuobhtns qub prbsbhtbh gsï inon db cn gitugdn bh cgs trgoetgienhbs gdoehestrgtevgs qub cn tebhbh inon pgrtïiepb derbitn. d)  Anroucgr prbsbhtgienhbs gdoehestrgtevgs bh iugcquebr btgpg db cns prnibdeoebhtns bh cgs qub tbhmg girbdetgdg su inhdeieùh db ehtbrbsgdn, db`ebhdn cgs oesogs sbr bvgcugdgs pnr bc nrmgheson bh cns tåroehns bstg`cbiedns pnr cg cbmescgieùh vembhtb b)  N`tbhbr ehanrogieùh sn`rb cns rbquesetns tåiheins y kurïdeins qub db`bh iuopcer sus trgoetgienhbs a)  Giibdbr g cns rbmestrns y grifevns pû`ceins inh cgs ceoetgienhbs cbmgcobhtb bstg`cbiedgs m)  N`tbhbr db cg gdoehestrgieùh rbsncuieùh bxprbsg ghtb sus pbteienhbs, snceietudbs n dbhuhiegs. f)  Bxemer cg inhaedbhiegcedgd db cns dgtns pbrsnhgcbs inh cgs ceoetgienhbs qub eopnhb cg hnrogtevg vembhtb. e)  Ybr trgtgdns inh rbspbtn y dbabrbhieg pnr cgs gutnredgdbs y bc pbrsnhgc.

 

 k)  Zrbsbhtgr qubkgs pnr cg noeseùh db trçoetbs n rbtrgsns bh cns prnibdeoebhtns bh cns qub sbg ehtbrbsgdn y g rbicgogr ghtb iugcquebr dbsgtbhieùh n ghnogcïg bh cg  prbstgieùh db hubstrns hubstrns sbrveiens. L l)  Pbqubrer giienhbs inhirbtgs ghtb cg dbhuhieg y/n dbtbiieùh db pcgmgs, `rntbs bpedåoeins, rebsmns sghetgrens n iugcquebr ntrg ghnrogcedgd qub sb gdvebrtg bh cns bstg`cbieoebhtns, prnduitns, npbrgtnregs qub iubhtbh inh cg supbrveseùh dbc nrmgheson.

N`cemgienhbs Ynh n`cemgienhbs db cns dbstehgtgrens derbitns db hubstrns sbrveiens; g)  Iuopcer cg hnrogtevg db rbmucgieùh vembhtb bh cg ogtbreg db hubstrg inopbtbhieg  `)  Zrbsbhtgr cg dniuobhtgieùh inopcbtg y bh bc nrdbh rbqubredn pgrg igdg uhn db cns trçoetbs i)  G`nhgr cns grghibcbs y tgsgs qub inrrbspnhdgh d d)  Dbhuhiegr n`cemgtnregobhtb cg bxestbhieg db gheogcbs gtgigdns db bhabrobdgdbs inhtgmensgs n snspbifnsns db tbhbrcgs, n pcgmgs db cg gmreiucturg, yg sbg pnr inhnieoebhtn derbitn n ehderbitn

GTPE@RTNY DB IGCEDGD G aeh db rbspnhdbr g cgs hbibsedgdbs y bxpbitgtevgs bxpbitgtevgs db cgs pbrsnhgs qub sb rbcgienhgh inh bc YBHGYG, gsuoeons bc inoprnoesn db `rehdgr hubstrns sbrveiens db giubrdn inh cns semuebhtbs gtre`utns db igcedgd;

Inhaeg`ecedgd y sbmuredgd; Bs hubstrn inoprnoesn mbhbrgr irbde`ecedgd y inhaeghzg bh cns destehtns gitnrbs, narbiebhdn sbmuredgd y mgrghtïg sn`rb cns rbsuctgdns n`tbhedns Inhaedbhiegcedgd;  Trgtgoebhtn rbsbrvgdn db cg ehanrogieùh bh cns igsns qub inrrbspnhdg, tghtn bh rbcgieùh g cg ehteoedgd y/n prevgiedgd db cgs pbrsnhgs, inon inh cg ehanrogieùh db igrçitbr sbhse`cb n prevgdg db nrmghesons, boprbsgs, gsniegienhbs, bti. Inopbtbhieg; Zrnpbhdbr bh anrog inhtehug fgieg bc dbsgrrnccn db cns inhnieoebhtns, fg`ecedgdbs, gitetudbs y gptetudbs dbc pbrsnhgc, prnonvebhdn y bsanrzçhdnhns bh cg gitugcezgieùh pbroghbhtb. Igpgiedgd db rbspubstg;  Zrnduiieùh db cns sbrveiens, ehicuybhdn cns inhtrncbs, vbreaeigienhbs, bti., db oghbrg ehtbmrgc (ightedgd y in`brturg hbibsgregs pgrg sgtesagibr cns rbqubreoebhtns db cns ieudgdghns) y bh anrog rçpedg y puhtugc, iuopcebhdn cns pcgzns bstg`cbiedns pnr cgs hnrogs y/n tbhebhdn bh iubhtg cgs bxpbitgtevgs db sus dbstehgtgrens. Giibse`ecedgd; Bc sbrveien bs giibse`cb se bs açiec db inhtgitgr. Hubstrns sbrveiens db`bh sbr açiecbs db n`tbhbr y iùondns db utecezgr y cnigcezgr. Bopgteg y inrtbseg; bh tåroehns db `ubhg gtbhieùh, inhsedbrgieùh, inhsedbrgieùh, rbspbtn y gog`ecedgd dbc pbrsnhgc db gtbhieùh gc pû`cein. Cns usugrens / ieudgdghns db`bh pbrie`er qub bc bopcbgdn pû`cein bstç g su sbrveien. Cn ghtbrenr bs bspbiegcobhtb eopnrtghtb bh bc igsn db pbrsnhgs inh desigpgiedgdbs n deaeiuctgdbs pgrg inoprbhdbr gcmuhgs bxembhiegs db cg Gdoehestrgieùh, inon pnr bkbopcn inopcbtgr anroucgrens n suoehestrgr cg ehanrogieùh qub sb cb rbquebrb. r bquebrb. Trghspgrbhieg; Cgs giienhbs y inopnrtgoebhtns sb rbgcezgrçh bh anrog icgrg, bvedbhtb, inoprbhse`cb, trgzg`cb y seh go`emóbdgdbs

 

Bquedgd b emugcdgd;  Mgrghtezgr cg biugheoedgd b eopgriegcedgd bh bc trgtn y cgs rbcgienhbs ehtbrhgs y bxtbrhgs PBABPBHI PBAB PBHIEGY EGY @E@C @ E@CENMPÇAEIGY ENMPÇAEIGY

7. Grtïiucn, Yestbog db mbsteùh db igcedgd igcedgd bh `gsb g cg hnrog EYN 5:: 5::7, 7, (0::6). Despnhe`cb bh; fttp;//ehtbrhgienhgcbvbhtns.ino/grteiucns/grteiucnesn.pda   bh;  0. Indbx Gceobhtgreus (0:7:). Og Oghugc hugc db Zrnibdeoebhtn. atp;//atp.agn.nrm/indbx/Zu`ceigtenh u`ceigtenhs/prniOghugcs/O s/prniOghugcs/Oghugc^75s.p ghugc^75s.pda  da   Despnhe`cb bh; bh;atp;//atp.agn.nrm/indbx/Z 9. Hnrogtevg Yghetgreg db Gceobhtns. Dembsg. Pbiupbrgdn db; fttp;//www.snpbhut.hbt/setb7/aecbs/inhmrbsn0:77/pn hbhiegs/0=t/DEMBYG fttp;//www.snpbhut.hbt/setb7/aecbs/inhmrbsn0:77/pnhbhiegs/0=t/DEMBYG %0:-%0:Hnrogtevg%0:sghetgreg%0:db%0:gceobhtns.pda   4. YBHGYG. I Igrtg grtg in inoprnoesn oprnoesn inh bc ieudg ieudgdghn dghn Pbiupbrgdn db; fttps;//www.grmbhtehg.mn`.gr/setbs/dbaguct/aecbs/igrtg^inoprnoesn^sbhgs fttps;//www.grmbhtehg.mn`.gr/setbs/dbaguct/aecbs/igrtg^ino prnoesn^sbhgs g^0:74^preobrg^igrtg.pda