Coatings Formulation Guide
Formulating High-Quality Coatings with Celatom® Functional Additives
A
round the world, makers of high-quality architectural and industrial coatings have discovered the benefits of Celatom® diatomaceous earth (DE), also known as diatomite or kieselgühr. In most industrially-developed regions, DE is used in the majority of high-quality interior and exterior formulations. In recent years, strong economic growth and booming construction markets in developing countries have attracted the attention of major international paint companies. They have acquired local companies and invested heavily in modern facilities and advertising, in markets that were traditionally served by local or regional paint producers. In response, local producers are seeking to increase the quality of their products to remain competitive. In many cases, Celatom® DE has been an important component of their new highperformance formulations.
This guide is intended primarily for those coatings chemists who are not experienced with the use of DE. It will provide an explanation of the functions of DE in coatings, a comparison of DE to other minerals, and some sample formulations that may serve as starting points for product development and testing. EP Minerals® also has a dedicated coatings formulation and testing laboratory, with the capability to assist our customers with their development programs.
1
Case Studies:
A
regional coatings producer in Turkey needed a deep matte architectural finish for their market, and they desired to improve the performance of their products to be more competitive with higher-quality imported coatings. We introduced them to Celatom® MW-27 as the most effective matting agent on the market, and they began trials. They were impressed with the performance of MW-27 ― not only to achieve a dead-flat finish, but also for improved hiding capacity and scrub resistance. The company launched a new line of interior finishes incorporating MW-27, and developed a major marketing campaign around their new higher-quality products.
A
major international coatings producer was using a competitor’s natural DE product, but when they learned about the superior efficiency of Celatom® LCS-3, they began a reformulation and testing program. EP Minerals' paint chemist worked with this customer on their development program, including testing their formulations in our lab and also working side-by-side in the customer’s paint lab. Together we developed a new formulation that achieved equivalent matting performance using 30% LESS DE in their formulation by using LCS-3. This allowed a lower final pigment volume concentration and improved scrub and burnish properties, with equal or reduced cost.
2
Celatom® DE vs. Other Mineral Fillers Diatomaceous earth is unique among industrial mineral fillers, because of its complex microscopic structure. Most mineral fillers are produced by grinding and classification of natural crystals, which have forms which are either blocky (e.g., calcium carbonate, and ground quartz), or plate-like (e.g., talc, clay and mica).
Ground Calcium Carbonate
Mica
Talc
Unlike these typical minerals, DE is of biogenic origin, made by microscopic unicellular aquatic plants, called diatoms. The individual diatom structures are made of nearly pure silica, with a complex, highly porous threedimensional structure.
This silica structure gives DE unique characteristics: • • • • • • • •
Chemically inert — natural, safe and pure Dimensionally stable, even at high temperatures Very low density Compatible with (and easily dispersed in) both organic and aqueous formulations High strength Light diffraction efficiency Slight abrasiveness and “tooth” for improved inter-coat adhesion Consistent particle size and shape
3
What does Celatom® DE do in coatings? Celatom® DE is not just a “filler”, but a multi-functional mineral additive and a key component in highperformance paints. It does add bulk and reduce cost, but it also improves the overall performance of the coating in a variety of ways: • Superior gloss and sheen control • Titanium dioxide (TiO2)extension • Control of solvent release and “open time” • Control of polishing or burnish • Viscosity control - “brush feel” and shelf stability • “Tooth” for inter-coat adhesion • Sanding improvement • Scrub and stain resistance • Resistance to cracking • Consistent “touch-up” performance There are other minerals that can contribute to some of these functions, but none offer this broad array of benefits - resulting in a better overall product. Your paint will look better, be more durable, have a longer shelf life, and it will be easier to apply by brush, roller, or spray.
Multi-Function Effectiveness of Celatom® DE Function
Comment
Control of gloss and sheen
Excellent
Control of film permeability
Function
Comment
Effect on brightness
Good
Good
Effect on tint retention
Good
Tooth for topcoat adhesion
Good
“Touch-up” improvement
Control of pigment spacing
Good
Suspendability
Good
Faster solvent release
Good
Ease of wetting
Excellent
Sanding improvement
Good
Scrub resistance
Good
Mar resistance
Good
Chip resistance
Good
Transparency in clear coats
Good
Stain removal
Good
Viscosity stability
Good
Excellent
4
Working together with Other Minerals Celatom® DE functional additives are particularly effective when used in combination with different types of extender pigments and minerals. For example, talc is made more efficient and provides better sheen when used in conjunction with Celatom®. The sample formulations on the following pages illustrate the effects of substituting all of a mineral with Celatom®, and also the effects of substituting only a portion of another mineral, using the two minerals in combination. Another major benefit is that Celatom® can be added in smaller amounts than other minerals, while maintaining the same degree of matting, thus reducing the amount of extenders needed.
Gloss and Sheen Control Unlike other minerals such as talc and calcium carbonate, Celatom® DE has an intricate structure composed of microscopic individual diatoms. When parts of the diatoms protrude from the coating surface, they diffract light very efficiently and promote a uniform low sheen. By mixing different grades and quantities, the paint’s luster can be uniformly and reliably controlled to any degree, from semigloss to flat.
In general, the larger the particle size, the more flat the finish. For a semi-gloss finish, choose Celabrite or MW25. For a matte finish, LCS-3, MW-27, and MW-31 are the best choices. For a textured or non-slip finish, we offer particle size ranges up to 100 microns. In addition, our consistent high-quality and uniform particle sizes assure perfect batch-to-batch matching of color and sheen, as well as clog-free performance in professional spray equipment. Because of the low density and high matting efficiency of Celatom® DE, a high degree of matting can be achieved with lower mineral content. The resulting lower pigment volume concentration (PVC) means a stronger and more durable, higher quality coating, at an equivalent or reduced cost. In addition, Celatom® DE will provide all of the other benefits described above.
Opacity and TiO2 Extension Because of its low density and narrow particle size distribution, Celatom® DE products are efficient extenders for more-expensive TiO2 pigments. Our diatoms, at 10 to 15 microns in diameter, are optimally sized and structured for this purpose in two ways. First, the diatoms disperse uniformly in the coating and help space the particles of TiO2 optimally through the film, for maximum opacity and effectiveness. Second, the size and structure of the diatoms diffract light as it passes through the film, which improves both matting and opacity, One of the following sample formulations specifically illustrates how Celatom® DE products can be used to replace 5% to 10% of the TiO2 in a paint formulation with no significant negative effect on color or opacity. 5
Celatom® DE Functional Additive Products The chart below lists the Celatom® products commonly used in coatings formulations. Our most popular grades are flux-calcined products, which are white in color and contain crystalline silica. In addition, EP Minerals offers a natural DE grades which eliminate the need for crystalline silica labeling. The natural DE also provides better suspension and dispersion properties in aqueous media.
Typical Physical & Chemical Properties Grade #
Celabrite
MW-25
MW-27
MW-31
LCS-3
Sieve Analysis1 %+150 Mesh %+325 Mesh
0.0 0.0
0.1
1.0
5.0
0.7
Median Particle Diameter (microns)
9.0
11.0
13.0
16.0
11.0
Hegman
4.0
3.5
1.0
-
2.0
Density (lbs/ft3) Wet Bulk Dry Bulk
31 10
30 10
27 12
25 13
22 9.5
Density (g/l) Wet Bulk Dry Bulk
500 160
480 160
430 190
400 210
350 152
pH (10%) Slurry)
9.5
10.0
10.0
10.0
7.5
Color
White
White
White
White
Off-White
GE Brightness
91
90
90
90
83
Oil Absorption2 Water Absorption2
120 -
120 -
135 -
145 -
170 -
Refractive Index
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
How to formulate with Celatom® DE Remember that Celatom® DE has a low density, so less material is required than other minerals. Fine tuning of the resin content, solvent dilution, and dispersants may be needed to obtain the optimal performance. On the following pages are a few example formulations illustrating potential applications, along with the effects on coating performance. Density Comparison
CaCO3 Talc Flux-Calcined DE Natural DE 0
100
200
300
400
Dry Dens ity g/ l
500
600
700
6
Talc Substitution in Interior Acrylic Paint (PVC = 45%) •
•
100 parts of talc can be replaced with only 30 parts of Celatom® MW-25 •
Better matting (lower gloss)
•
Better opacity and scrub resistance
•
Equivalent burnish resistance
Alternatively, to maintain the equal solids, 25 parts of Celatom® MW-25 and 75 parts of calcium carbonate may be used in combination •
Much lower gloss
•
Better opacity and scrub resistance
•
Reduced burnish resistance vs. talc alone or Celatom® alone Formulation Paint ID TiO2 Talc Celatom® MW-25 Ground CaCO3
Talc only
MW-25 only
MW-25 + CaCO3 (Equal solids)
225 100
225 -
225 -
-
30
25
-
-
75
45 47.6 35.1 1.258 95.9 2.014 5
40 42.9 32.5 1.234 98.6 2.225 4.5
45 47.6 35.1 1.222 99.7 2.117 3.8
1.3 5 10 0.96 95.89 -0.89 2.84 973
1.3 4.6 4.7 0.971 96.29 -0.77 3 1476
1.2 3.3 1.8 0.948 95.85 -0.69 3.04 1283
15.0 17.3 15.3
7.6 8.8 15.8
3.6 4.3 19.4
Paint Properties % PVC % Solids by weight % Solids by volume Density (kg per liter) Stormer, KU ICI, poise Grind
Film Properties Gloss, 20° Gloss, 60° Sheen, 85° Contrast Ratio, 3-mil film L* a* b* Scrub resistance, cycles Burnish resistance Initial 85° 85° after burnish % Increase in gloss after burnish
7
Interior Acrylic Talc Replacement Sample Formulations
Talc Only
MW-25 Only
MW25 + CaCO3 (Equal Parts)
Ingredients Water Natrosol Plus
Grams 150.0 0.5
Grams 150.0 0.5
Grams 150.0 0.5
Nopocide N96
2.0
2.0
2.0
Drewplus Y-381 Tamol 731 Triton X-100 PK-80
1.2 5.4 2.8 2.4
1.2 5.4 2.8 2.4
1.2 5.4 2.8 2.4
Tiona 595 Talc Celatom® MW-25
225.0 100.0
225.0 -
225.0 -
-
30.0
25.0
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
12.9 100.0
12.9 100.0
75.0 12.9 100.0
Ucar 367 PVA Drewplus Y-381
290.0 2.0
290.0 2.0
290.0 2.0
Water Natrosol Plus
150.0 1.6
150.0 1.6
150.0 1.6
Ammonium Hydroxide Drewplus Y-381 Aquaflow 300 Aquaflow 220
1.6 3.6 15.0 20.0
1.6 3.6 8.5 15.0
1.6 3.6 15.0 20.0
Total
1086
1004
1086
Paint ID
Premix
Mix at low speed for 10 minutes
Texanol Water
Grind at high speed for 10 minutes
Premix
Letdown at low speed for 10 minutes
8
Interior Acrylic (PVC = 65%) Partial Replacement of Calcined Clay and Ground CaCO3 •
Replace 25 parts of CaCO3 carbonate and 25 parts of calcined clay with 25 parts of Celatom® MW-25 (by weight) •
Improved flatting (decreased sheen and gloss)
•
Equivalent hiding power (opacity)
•
Slight improvement in scrub and burnish resistance
Paint Properties Paint ID
Without MW-25
With MW-25
1.400
1.361
107
110
2.056
2.135
4
3.5
Gloss, 20°
1.2
1.2
Gloss, 60°
1.9
1.7
Sheen, 85°
1.2
0.9
0.978
0.964
L*
95.94
96.7
a*
-0.77
-0.74
b*
3.03
3.24
Scrub resistance, cycles
350
396
Burnish resistance Initial 85° 85° after burnish
1.9 4.4
1.4 2.9
131.6
111.3
Density (kg per liter) Stormer, KU ICI, poise Grind
Film Properties
Contrast Ratio, 3-mil film
% Increase in gloss after burnish
9
Interior Acrylic Partial Replacement of Clay and Ground CaCO3 Sample Formulations
Paint ID
Without MW-25
With MW-25
Grams 172.0 0.5
Grams 172.0 0.5
Diwcil 75
2.0
2.0
Drewplus Y-381 Tamol 731 Trycol 7000 PK-80
1.2 5.4 2.8 2.4
1.2 5.4 2.8 2.4
175.0
175.0
175.0 125.0
150.0 100.0
5.0 12.9 100.0
25.0 5.0 12.9 100.0
175.0 2.0
175.0 2.0
Water Natrosol Plus
110.0 1.6
110.0 1.6
Ammonium Hydroxide Drewplus Y-381 Aquaflow 300 Aquaflow 220 Water
1.6 3.6 8.0 15.0 45.0
1.6 3.6 8.0 15.0 45.0
1141
1116
Ingredients Water Natrosol Plus
Premix
Mix at low speed for 10 minutes Tiona 595 Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) Glomax Celatom® MW-25
Attegal 50 Texanol Water
Grind at high speed for 10 minutes Ucar 367 PVA Drewplus Y-381
Add the grind here
Premix
Letdown at low speed for 10 minutes Total
10
Interior Semi-Gloss Acrylic Paint Partial Replacement of Microcrystalline Silica •
20% to 30% of Microcrystalline Silica (MS) in semi-gloss paint can be replaced with Celatom® MW-25 •
Reduced cost
•
Equivalent Performance Formulation Microcrystalline Silica
Replace 20% of MS with MW-25
Replace 30% of MS with MW-25
25
20
17.5
-
5
7.5
% PVC
21.3
21.3
21.3
% Solids by volume
37.6
37.6
37.6
Density (kg per liter)
1.271
1.266
1.268
95
98
99
1.400
1.408
1.420
Gloss, 20°
5.7
5.8
6.6
Gloss, 60°
38.1
33.6
31.9
Sheen, 85°
64.2
54.3
49.8
Contrast Ratio, 3-mil film
0.969
0.946
0.958
L*
96.01
96.83
96.43
a*
-0.22
-0.27
-0.23
b*
1.44
1.20
1.20
Scrub resistance, cycles
2581
2635
2705
Burnish resistance Initial 60° 60° after burnish
49.5 50.2
38.2 40.1
37.9 38.8
1.4
5
4.5
Paint ID Imsil A 15 Celatom® MW-25
Paint Properties
Stormer, KU ICI, poise
Film Properties
% Increase in gloss after burnish
11
Interior Semi-Gloss Partial Replacement of Microcrystalline Sample Formulations
Microcrystalline Silica
Replace 20% of MS with MW-25
Replace 30% of MS with MW-25
Ingredients
Grams
Grams
Grams
Water
110.5
110.5
110.5
Natrosol 330 Plus
1.8
1.8
1.8
Dowicil
3.0
3.0
3.0
Propylene Glycol
32.0
32.0
32.0
AMP 95
1.5
1.5
1.5
Strodex PK 05G
3.5
3.5
3.5
Drew L-495
1.9
1.9
1.9
Tamol 731A
7.4
7.4
7.4
-
5.0
7.5
25.0
20.0
17.5
Paint ID
Premix
Celatom® MW-25 Imsil A 15
Grind at high speed for 10 minutes Ti Pure 746
300.0
300.0
300.0
Drew L-495
2.5
2.5
2.5
Rhoplex
530.0
530.0
530.0
Texanol
19.0
19.0
19.0
Aquaflow 220
15.0
15.0
15.0
5.7
5.7
5.7
1059
1059
Water
Letdown at low speed for 10 minutes Total
1059
12
Using Celatom® DE for TiO2 Extension and Opacity •
•
Example: Flat acrylic latex formulation (Simplified test formulation) •
Replace a portion of the TiO2 with Celatom® LCS-3, MW-27, and CelaBrite®
•
PVC = 29%
Opacity (contrast ratio) is maintained, even up to 35% replacement •
•
Above 15% replacement, the color (b*) becomes more yellow
Conclusion: 5% to 10% replacement is reasonable and effective, with minimal negative effects on coating color, opacity, and performance.
Formulation Paint ID
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
2
4
6
8
10
Water
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
24.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
Tamol 731A
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Dowicil 75
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Tiona 595
17.0
16.15
Celatom LCS-3
TiO0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 by0.1LCS-3 0.1 2 Replacement 15.3 14.45 13.6 12.75 11.9 11.05 17.0 Sample Formulations
0.2
®
10.0
10.85
11.7
12.55
13.4
14.25
15.1
15.95
-
Celatom® MW-27 or CelaBrite
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10.0
TiO2 Replacement by LCS-3 (%) TiO2 Replacement by MW-27 or CelaBrite (%)
Potassium Hydroxide Drew Plus 381
0.1
16.66 -
16.32 15.98 15.64 -
10.34 10.68
15.3
-
-
-
11.02
11.36
11.7
Disperse for 15 minutes using Cowles, then add: Water
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
Ucar 367
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
Mix for 5 minutes, then add together and mix: Acrysol RM5 associative th Water Total
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
13
A Graph of Sheen, Contrast Ratio, and b* vs. TiO2 Reduction with LCS-3 TiO2 Reduction using LCS-3 3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
% TiO2 reduction Sheen 85 degrees
Contrast Ratio - 3 mil
b*
LCS-3 Replacement Performance Formulation Paint ID
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
TiO2 Replacement by LCS-3 (%)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
83
82
84
84
86
83
85
85
1.961
1.10
1.192
1.183
1.125
1.158
1.567
1.575
Gloss, 20°
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
Gloss, 60°
3.5
3.4
3.0
2.6
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.3
Sheen, 85°
3.1
2.6
2.2
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.7
0.980
0.969
0.976
0.965
0.968
0.965
0.969
0.983
L*
94.9
94.9
94.6
94.7
94.5
94.5
94.6
94.4
a*
-1.6
-1.8
-1.7
-1.7
-1.7
-1.6
-1.6
-1.6
b*
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.4
Paint Properties Stormer, KU ICI, poise
Film Properties
Contrast Ratio, 3-mil film
14
A Graph of Sheen, Contrast Ratio, and b* vs. TiO2 Reduction with MW-27 TiO2 Reduction using MW-27 1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
% TiO2 reduction
Sheen 85 degrees
Contrast Ratio - 3 mil
b*
MW-27 Replacement Performance Formulation Paint ID
i
j
k
l
m
n
TiO2 Replacement by MW-27 (%)
0
2
4
6
8
10
89
86
87
86
88
89
0.856
0.75
0.965
0.958
1.022
0.866
Gloss, 20°
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
Gloss, 60°
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.1
Sheen, 85°
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.973
0.971
0.946
0.949
0.937
0.945
L*
96.39
96.44
96.49
96.69
96.20
96.21
a*
-0.35
-0.28
-0.28
-0.27
-0.40
-0.39
b*
1.12
0.69
0.81
0.69
0.69
0.70
Paint Properties Stormer, KU ICI, poise
Film Properties
Contrast Ratio, 3-mil film
15
A Graph of Sheen, Contrast Ratio, and b* vs. TiO2 Reduction with CelaBrite TiO2 Reduction using CelaBrite 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0
2
4
6
8
10
% TiO2 reduction Sheen 85 degrees
Contrast Ratio - 3 mil
b*
CelaBrite Replacement Performance Formulation Paint ID
i
j
k
l
m
n
TiO2 Replacement by MW-27 (%)
0
2
4
6
8
10
86
85
86
84
85
85
0.869
0.890
0.965
0856
0.902
0.952
Gloss, 20°
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
Gloss, 60°
2.3
2.3
2.1
2.1
2.1
1.9
Sheen, 85°
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
0.6
0.5
0.972
0.952
0.942
0.969
0.950
0.948
L*
96.16
95.80
95.46
96.10
95.65
95.20
a*
-0.28
-0.28
-0.25
-0.13
-0.29
-0.28
b*
0.86
1.15
0.87
1.19
0.82
0.98
Paint Properties Stormer, KU ICI, poise
Film Properties
Contrast Ratio, 3-mil film
16
Metal Coil Coatings Replacement of Ground Quartz Silica • Application: Solvent-based acid-catalyzed polyurethane top coat • Acid catalysis requires inert fillers with a neutral pH • Generally cannot use calcium carbonate or talc • Functions of Celatom® DE are similar to ground silica • Inter-coat adhesion • Flexibility (resistance to cracking and chipping) • Impact resistance • UV protection (reduced chalking) • Advantages of Celatom® LCS-3 • Longer shelf life, more stable dispersion, reduced hard settling
Formulation Ground Silica
Celatom® LCS-3
74
84.3
Gloss, 20° Gloss, 60° Sheen, 85° Contrast Ratio, 3-mil film (76 µm) L*
86.9 98.6 119.8 0.790 94.86
61.1 91.4 114.4 0.804 94.78
a* b* ASTM D 4145 Flexibility ASTM D2794 - Impact (1.8 kg weight, 1.27 cm diameter)
-0.61 -0.87 90°
-0.72 -0.45 90°
10 cm
10 cm
Paint ID
Paint Properties Stormer, KU
Film Properties
• Better and more consistent brightness and color
Sample Formulations Paint ID Ingredients • Polymac 220-1001 • Cymel 303FL • Tiona 595 • • • • • •
Eastman CAB 551 - 0.2 PM Acetate Optifilm Enhancer 400 Nacure 1051 Minusil 30 Celatom® LCS-3
• Dowanol PMA • Aromatic 150 fluid Total
Ground Silica
Celatom® LCS-3
Grams 455.0 75.0 287.0
Grams 455.0 75.0 287.0
4.0 33.5 20.0 4.0 21.0
4.0 33.5 20.0 4.0 -
33.5 67.0 1000
21.0 33.5 67.0 1000
17
The table below lists the suppliers of the various trademarked ingredients used in the sample formulations: Ingredient
Purpose
Supplier
AMP 95
Dispersant
Dow Chemical
Aquaflow 220
Rheology Modifier
Aqualon
Aquaflow 300
Rheology Modifier
Aqualon
Aromatic 150 Fluid
Retarder Solvent
Exxon Mobil
Attagel 50 (Attapulgite Clay)
Thickener
BASF
Cymel 303FL
Melamine Cross Linking Agent
Cytec Industries, Inc.
Diafil 575 (Diatomite)
Extender
World Minerals
Dowanol PMA
Dibasic Ester
Dow Chemical
Drew L-495
Defoamer
Rohm and Haas Co
Drewplus Y-381
Defoamer
Rohm and Haas Co
Eastman CAB 551-0.2
Cellulose Ester
Eastman Chemical Company
Glomax LL (Calcined Clay)
Extender
Imerys
Imsil A15 (Silica)
Pigment
Unimin
Minusil 30 (Silica)
Extender
US Silica
Nacure 1051
Sulphonic Acid Catalyst
King Industries
Natrosol 330 Plus
Thickener
Aqualon
Nopocide N96
Fungicide
Cognis
Omya Carb 8 (Calcium Carbonate)
Filler
Omya
Optifilm Enhancer 400
Retarder Solvent
Eastman Chemical Company
PM Acetate
Solvent
Eastman Chemical Company
Polymac 220-1001
Saturated Polymer Resin
Hexion Specialty Chemicals
Propylene Glycol
Solvent
Dow Chemical
Rhoplex ML 200
Waterborne Acrylic Binder
Rohm and Haas Co
Sericron 3M (Talc)
Extender
SMI
Strodex PK-80
Phosphate Ester Surfactant
Hercules
Strodex PL 95G
Phosphate Ester Surfactant
Hercules
Tamol 731
Dispersant
Rohm and Haas Co
Texanol
Coalescent
Eastman Chemical Co
Ti Pure 746 (TiO2)
Pigment
Dupont
Triton X-100
Non-ionic Surfactant
Rohm and Haas Co
Trycol 7000
Surfactant
Cognis
Ucar 367 PVA
Polyvinyl Resin
Dow Chemical
18
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