Coaching Inteligencia Espiritual para Li

 

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_kskóc ojmarã`jlc Kg kd cóm ?93> fk ddkaü dc gmtjljc fãs nkvcstcnmrc kfmljmgcdfkgtk quk ecoæc rkljojnm kg tmnc fj vjnc, pkrm c dc quk emy dk aucrnm tmnc fj A_C^J^[N. Ksc gmtjljc lmgfmvjü c fj lmrczüg, sclunjü c fj fkgtk y fk ejzm nkspkrtcr. Nkspuês nk 3; cóms nk skr lmgsudtmr jgtkrgcljmgcd, cyuncr c fulecs kfprkscs fudtjgcljmgcdks, m`rklkr ljkgtms nk lmg`krkgljcs y nk kstunjcr y prcltjlcr nj`krkgtks ljkgljcs, fk ddkaü dc emrc nk rklmgkltcrfk lmg fj dcnm kspjrjtucd, kg nmgnk rksjnk kd arcg pmnkr nkd skr eufcgm. C pcrtjr nk kgtmglks lmfkglê c njvjnjr fj vjnc prm`ksjmgcd kg nms tkrrjtmrjms8 dc jggmvcljüg kfprkscrjcd y dc jggmvcljüg pkrsmgcd. Kgtrk dms cóms ?93; y ?931 kslrjoæ dc trjdmaæc nk djorms Dc Fmgtcóc   ocscnc kg fj prmpjc trcgs`mrfcljüg c pcrtjr nk kxpkrjkgljcs fãajlcfkgtk kspjrjtucdks. @ugnê Dc Fmgtcóc, Lkgtrm nk ^rcgs`mrfcljüg , pcrc cyuncr c fjdks nk pkrsmgcs c scgcr tcfojêg su vjnc pkrsmgcd c gjvkd kfmljmgcd, pkrm smork tmnm pcrc rklmgkltcrsk lmg su dcnm kspjrjtucd.

 

Jgtrmnulljüg Kd [gjvkrsm ks ug kspcljm cougncgtk y fãajlm quk nc mrjakg cd Ydcgktc ^jkrrc, ug duacr jglrkæodkfkgtk `êrtjd y ddkgm nk ugc arcg vcrjkncn nk `mrfcs nk vjnc. Kgtrk tmncs kstcs `mrfcs nk vjnc, kd skr eufcgm “dc kspkljk quk sk njlk skr dc fãs kvmduljmgcnc y lmgsljkgtk, cd fkgms kg kstk pdcgktc“ sk nkoctk kg quê rufom skaujr. Fulems skrks eufcgms, smork tmnm cqukddms quk vjvkg kg dcs ljuncnks, sukdkg vjvjr kg kslcskz fkgtcd, kfmljmgcd y fctkrjcd, y su`rkg pmr kddm. Kd skr eufcgm —fmnkrgm‖, lmg cdaugcs pmr supukstm, gm ks lcpcz nk pkrljojr dc cougncgljc nkd [gjvkrsm gj kxlkpljmgks, su prmpjc cougncgljc jgtkrgc. Kstc kslcskz fkgtcd, mlcsjmgcnc pmr dc prmarcfcljüg smljcd, ludturcd, `cfjdjcr, knulctjvc y kg mlcsjmgks ecstc rkdjajmsc, y quk tjkgk su rcæz kg dcs prjfkrcs ktcpcs nk `mrfcljüg, prmvmlc ugc cfojljüg nksfknjnc quk ddkvc cd skr eufcgm c uscr dc cougncgljc nkd pdcgktc pcrc scljcr dcs `cgtcsæcs nk gklksjncnks nk su kam. Kg pmlcs pcdcorcs, kxjstk ugc arcg cougncgljc, pkrm cd vjvjr kg kslcskz jgtkrgc sk ouslc lmgtrmdcr dms rklursms, fãs quk cnfjgjstrcrdms y lkdkorcrdms pcrc quk kstms c su vkz akgkrkg jgldusm fcymr cougncgljc y ojkgkstcr. Csæ, gukstrm fugnm, kd quk tkgkfms dc rkspmgscojdjncn nk rkspktcr, lkdkorcr, cnfjgjstrcr y lujncr, tcgtm pcrc kgtrkacrdm c dcs `uturcs akgkrcljmgks lmfm pmr sjfpdk rkspktm c dc Lrkcljüg, su`rk cltucdfkgtk ugc nkvcstcljüg y scqukm sjg prklknkgtks. Emy pcrklkræc quk kd skr eufcgm ec ouslcnm smfktkr c dc Fcnrk ^jkrrc, cprmvkleãgnmdc pcrc sus nkskms jgscljcodks nk pmnkr, nmfjgjm y sctjs`clljüg jgtkdkltucd y fctkrjcd. Dc Ljkgljc ec ouslcnm quk dc ^jkrrc kstê fãs cd skrvjljm nk kddc kg duacr nk pmgkrsk kddc cd skrvjljm nk dc ^jkrrc pcrc lujncrdc y prkskrvcrdc. Fãs cøg, kd skr eufcgm ddkac c kxpdmtcr c mtrms skrks eufcgms, sus prmpjms ekrfcgms y ekrfcgcs nk mrjakg, lmg tcd nk dmarcr sus cfojljmgks. Dc cfojljüg, kd kamæsfm y dc jghustjljc, prmnultm nk dc pkrlkpljüg nk vjvjr kg kslcskz, eclkg quk dc kgmrfk okddkzc nkd skr eufcgm lmfm kspkljk, quknk mpclcnc. Kd skr eufcgm `uk nmtcnm nk ugc arcg lmgsljkgljc, ugc lcpcljncn fãajlc nk cutm-moskrvcrsk y cltucr kg lmgsklukgljc, pkrm gm ks cprmvklecnc cd fãxjfm. \jg kfocram, lcsms ekrfmsms c dm dcram y cglem nkd fugnm gms ncg khkfpdm y kspkrcgzc nk quk sæ ecy pmsjojdjncn nk lcfojcr kd rufom y vjvjr lmdkltjvcfkgtk 1

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

kg cougncgljc y cfmr. Dms sjsfms nkd 3: nk skptjkfork nkd ?931 kg Fêxjlm, fj pcæs, rkc`jrfcrmg fj `k kg kstc lrkkgljc8 kd cfmr gcljnm nkd lmrczüg nk dms skrks eufcgms ks lcpcz nk arcgnks prmkzcs, lcrjncn, omgncn, skrvjljm y kgtrkac pmr dms nkfãs, su gcljüg y pmr kd Ydcgktc. ¡Dc ugjüg y dc crfmgæc, kstmy skaurm, sæ smg pmsjodks! Kg kstc gklksjncn nk nk`jgjr ug rufom ecljc dc pcz, dc cougncgljc y kd nkscrrmddm sustkgtcodk, dms amojkrgms y dcs kfprkscs, lmfm mracgjsfms quk cadutjgcg arcgnks lcgtjncnks nk skrks eufcgms, quk nk`jgkg pmdætjlcs y rkadcs, y quk khklutcg pdcgks nk cprmvklecfjkgtm, prmnulljüg y lmfkrljcdjzcljüg nk rklursms, smg kdkfkgtms ldcvk. \jg kfocram, kstcs jgstjtuljmgks, kg arcg fknjnc smg emy prkskrvcnmrcs nk lmgnjljmgks quk jfpudscg kd nktkrjmrm nkd fknjm cfojkgtk y smlcvcg dms vcdmrks kg dcs pkrsmgcs, `mfkgtcgnm ugc clufudcljüg nksjaucd kg duacr nk ugc njstrjouljüg hustc. Ochm kd arcg prktkxtm nk m`rklkr —trcochm‖ pcrc dc pmodcljüg, fulecs fudtjgcljmgcdks y amojkrgms dmlcdks cprukocg pdcgks quk kg kd `mgnm prmfukvkg dc kxpdmtcljüg jgnkojnc y dc nkstrulljüg nkd fknjm cfojkgtk. Kd amojkrgm nk dms Kstcnms [gjnms cprmoü rkljkgtkfkgtk dc lmgstrulljüg nk nms mdkmnultms, Ncbmtc Cllkss y Bkystmgk, ochm kd prktkxtm nk quk m`rklkrãg fulems kfpdkms, sjg lmgsjnkrcr dc nkvcstcljüg quk clcrrkcrãg c dcs zmgcs scarcncs nk dcs trjous Dcbmtc y \jmux. —Gm nk`kgnkfms kstcs tjkrrcs pmrquk kg kddcs vjvjfms, sjgm pmrquk smg pcrtk nkd pdcgktc. Gm kstcfms nk`kgnjkgnm südm c gukstrm prmpjm arupm, sjgm c dc eufcgjncn kgtkrc‖, nklæc ug Hk`k Dcbmtc nkspuês nk kgtkrcrsk nk dc nkljsjüg nkd amojkrgm nk kstk pcæs. Kstc trjou, c pcrtjr nk sus akgkrcljmgks cglkstrcdks, lmfpcrtk ug njlem8 —dc ^jkrrc ks ugc u gc `ukgtk nk vjnc y gm ug rklursm‖. Eclk cdaugms cóms, ug prksjnkgtk fkxjlcgm nk`kgnæc c lcpc l cpc y kspcnc su Ydcg Yukodc Ycgcfã, lmg kd craufkgtm nk quk m`rklkræc fulems kfpdkms pcrc dcs zmgcs klmgüfjlcfkgtk eufjdnks nk Lejcpcs, Yukodc y Mcxclc. \u jgtkgljüg krc ddkvcr kd —nkscrrmddm‖ c kstcs lmfugjncnks c pcrtjr nk dc jgstcdcljüg nk pdcgtcs fcqujdcnmrcs, pcrc cprmvklecr dc fcgm nk morc nk dc rkajüg. Kd pdcg tkrfjgü sjkgnm ug `rclcsm lucgnm lmfprkgnjkrmg quk dms kfpdkms akgkrcnms pmr dcs kfprkscs quk sk kstcodklkræcg cddæ prktkgnæcg m`rklkr cltjvjncnks y skrvjljms gm nkskcnms pmr dms ecojtcgtks nk kscs zmgcs y quk dms prmodkfcs klmdüajlms quk sk akgkrcræcg skræcg nk njfkgsjmgks lctcstrü`jlcs. Kg su fcymræc, kstcs lmfugjncnks cøg  vjvkg ocscncs kg sus scojcs lmstuforks, lmg ugc vjsjüg nkd nkscrrmddm tmtcdfkgtk nj`krkgtk, vjgludcncs kspjrjtucdfkgtk lmg dc Fcnrk ^jkrrc y lmg ugc pkrlkpljüg nk sus gklksjncnks fuy njstjgtc c dc nkd prksjnkgtk y sus csksmrks. Kstk rksudtc skr ug arcg khkfpdm nk ug djnkrczam quk jfpmgk sjg ouslcr lmgskgsms, ugc vjsjüg nksnk kd lkgtrm nk amojkrgm quk gm lmgsjnkrc dc pkrj`krjc smork dc quk sk khkrlkg dcs pmdætjlcs. [gm nk dms arcgnks krrmrks kg kstk lcsm `uk 5

 

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dc jnkc nk quk tmnms gklksjtcg tklgmdmaæc y nkscrrmddm —c gukstrm fmnm lmfm amokrgcgtks‖, y gm cd fmnm rkqukrjnm pmr dcs lmfugjncnks. Kg fulecs mlcsjmgks sk ecodc nk —amojkrgms‖, —kfprkscs‖ y —mracgjzcljmgks‖, pkrm cd eclkrdm csæ mdvjncfms lkgtrcrgms kg dms rkspmgscodks lmglrktms. Kg rkcdjncn, nktrãs nk lcnc amojkrgm, kfprksc y mracgjzcljüg ecy pkrsmgcs quk kg pmsjljmgks nk djnkrczam, njrklljüg y cdtc rkspmgscojdjncn, kstãg akgkrcgnm dms pdcgks y tmfcgnm dcs nkljsjmgks. Kg kddms, dms dænkrks, rklck ugc arcg rkspmgscojdjncn pcrc dc scgcljüg nkd pdcgktc, csæ lmfm pcrc kd nkscrrmddm pdkgm (lmrpmrcd, kfmljmgcd, fkgtcd y kspjrjtucd) nk dms skrks eufcgms. \jg kfocram, pcrc quk ug dænkr mork nk fcgkrc prm`ugncfkgtk pmsjtjvc c `cvmr nkd pdcgktc, nk mtrms skrks eufcgms y nk sæ fjsfm, nkok tkgkr fuy ldcrms y `jrfks sus vcdmrks y  vjrtunks. [g vkrncnkrm dænkr nkok tmfcr nkljsjmgks fulem fãs lmg ocsk o csk kg sus  vjrtunks y lrkkgljcs l rkkgljcs kspjrjtucdks, quk c pcrtjr nk jgnjlcnmrks nurms nk tjpm klmgüfjlm, jgnustrjcd y/m pcrtjnjstc. Nk eklem, kg fulems lcsms tcdks jgnjlcnmrks pmgkg krrügkcfkgtk dms jgtkrksks pkrsmgcdks y lmrpmrctjvms l mrpmrctjvms fuy pmr kgljfc nkd jgtkrês lmdkltjvm, nkd nkscrrmddm eufcgm y nk dc prkskrvcljüg nkd fknjm cfojkgtk y nkd pdcgktc. -------------------------------Dc cfojljüg gm kstã fcd lucgnm sk kg`mlc kg oukgms prmpüsjtms y sk cjrfc kg vjrtunks cfmrmscs y kspjrjtucdks. Emy, fãs quk q uk guglc, gklksjtcfms dænkrks cfojljmsms kspjrjtucdfkgtk, quk qujkrcg lcfojcr kd fugnm pcrc ojkg, quk ousqukg kgcdtklkr kd vcdmr nkd skr eufcgm pmr smork lucdqujkr lmsc, quk qujkrcg lujncr kd pdcgktc, quk qujkrcg nkhcr arcgnks dkacnms pcrc dcs gukvcs akgkrcljmgks, akgkrcljmgks, y cd fjsfm tjkfpm nkljnjncs c akgkrcr cougncgljc. -------------------------------Lmg dc admocdjzcljüg, quk ec `mfkgtcnm y sjfpdj`jlcnm dc `usjüg y kxpcgsjüg nk kfprkscs, dc fugnjcdjzcljüg nk jgstjtuljmgks pøodjlcs y dc jgtkarcljüg nk pcæsks kg arcgnks odmquks, dms dænkrks nk dms arcgnks mracgjsfms cnqujkrkg cøg fcymr rkspmgscojdjncn. \k ecg fmgmpmdjzcnm fulecs pmsjljmgks nk rkspmgscojdjncn y lcnc vkz fkgms pkrsmgcs fukvkg dms ejdms y nkljnkg dm nkstjgms nk kstk arcg pdcgktc y sus fãs nk 1 ojddmgks nk ecojtcgtks. Kstk gm ks ug djorm pcrc huzacr, lrjtjlcr, gj dcgzcr fkgschks ddkgms nk jrc y mnjm lmgtrc gcnjk. Gm ks ugc morc suovkrsjvc sjgm prmpmsjtjvc. Ks ug djorm pcrc suakrjr lcfjgms cdtkrgctjvms nk vjsjüg y lmfpmrtcfjkgtm pcrc dms cltucdks dænkrks nksnk dc üptjlc nk dc scojnuræc kspjrjtucd fjdkgcrjc . Fj sukóm cd kslrjojr kstk djorm ks cyuncr c njsfjgujr dc `cdtc nk lmgmljfjkgtm nk fulems dænkrks :

 

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kg tkfcs kspjrjtucdks, nk tcd fcgkrc quk kstc jg`mrfcljüg sk jgtkark tcfojêg c sus prmlksms nk pdcgkcljüg, kvcducljüg y tmfc nk nkljsjmgks. Dms dænkrks nk kfprkscs smg fmnkdms c skaujr pmr pcrtk nk fjddmgks nk lmdcomrcnmrks, ldjkgtks, prmvkknmrks y cdjcnms. Dms dænkrks nk amojkrgms smg fmnkdms pcrc arcgnks arupms pmodcljmgcdks nkgtrm y `ukrc nk sus tkrrjtmrjms nk jg`dukgljc. \cokfms quk cd tkgkr dænkrks nk kfprkscs y amojkrgms quk pmgacg sjkfprk kg cdtm sus vjrtunks kspjrjtucdks “vjrtunks quk yc ddkvcg nkgtrm y quk südm dks eclk `cdtc _KLM_NC_“ sk pmnrã pdcsfcr gætjncfkgtk kg fjddmgks nk pkrsmgcs ugc gukvc njrklljüg ddkgc nk kspkrcgzc, pcz, cfmr y lmgvjvkgljc. Kstk ks ug djorm pcrc rklmrncrdks c dms dænkrks y c tmnms cqukddms quk dm qujkrcg skr m quk kstêg kg lcfjgm nk skrdm, quk nkgtrm nk kddms ecy ug arcg lmrczüg lmg pmsjojdjncnks jg`jgjtcs nk skrvjr c dms nkfãs, nk cfcrsk c sæ fjsfms, nk carkacr  vcdmr c dc smljkncn y nk jgspjrcr c fjdks nk skaujnmrks. Kstk ks ug djorm quk gclk nk fj prmpjc kspkrcgzc y `k kg quk lcnc pkrsmgc puknk lcfojcr, rklmgstrujrsk nk cnkgtrm ecljc `ukrc, vjvjr kg cougncgljc jgtkrgc y lmfpcrtjrdc ecljc kd kxtkrjmr. ¡^ø puknks skr kd vkrncnkrm lcfojm quk qujkrks vkr ecljc `ukrc! ¡^k jgvjtm c skr ug vkrncnkrm prmtcamgjstc nk kstk lcfojm, kfpkzcgnm pmr lmgvkrtjrtk kg ug mscnm kxpdmrcnmr nk tu arcg pmtkgljcd jgtkrgm! -------------------------------Kg kd @mrm Klmgüfjlm Fugnjcd Fugnjcd kg Ncvms, \ujzc, kg ?931, sk nkjgjkrmg nnjkz jkz rktms qquk uk kg`rkgtc dc eufcgjncn cltucdfkgtk. [gm nk kstms rktms lmgsjstk kg ecddcr vkrncnkrms dænkrks lcpclks nk akgkrcr arcgnks arcgnks smduljmgks y nk aujcr c mtrms c jfpdkfkgtcrdcs. Zm carkacræc quk kd rktm fãs arcgnk quk kg`rkgtc dc eufcgjncn pcrc su supkrvjvkgljc  y lmgvjvkgljc crfügjlc ks ecddcr y `mrhcr dænkrks jgtkdjakgtks kspjrjtucdfkgtk. -------------------------------Kstk djorm tmfc jnkcs, fkgschks y kgskócgzcs nk fckstrms nk fulecs rkdjajmgks y `jdmsm`æcs nk ljvjdjzcljmgks cgtjaucs, lmfpdkfkgtcnc lmg jg`mrfcljüg smork  vcdjmsms dænkrks lmgtkfpmrãgkms nk dms gkamljms, dc `jdcgtrmpæc, dc kspjrjtucdjncn y dc pmdætjlc, dm quk dm lmgvjkrtk kg ug lmfpkgnjm rjlm, cojkrtm y ektkrmaêgkm. Cd fjsfm tjkfpm prktkgnm quk kstk djorm skc prãltjlm, ctkrrjzcnm y lmglrktm, yc quk ugm nk dms arcgnks mostãludms pcrc dc cpdjlcljüg nk dc scojnuræc kspjrjtucd kg kd næc c næc nkd skr eufcgm fmnkrgm ks dc prmdj`krcljüg nk kgskócgzcs pmlm prãltjlcs pcrc kd kgtmrgm kg quk vjvjfms. Ycrc fæ, quk ek vjvjnm kg dms fugnms lmrpmrctjvm y auokrgcfkgtcd, csæ lmfm kg kd nk dc prãltjlc kspjrjtucd y kd nkscrrmddm eufcgm, ks ug pdclkr pmnkr lmfpcrtjr lmgtjam kstc jg`mrfcljüg quk ec lcfojcnm fj vjnc. Kspkrm quk njs39

 

JG^_MN[LLJÜG

`rutks kstk djorm, quk rkcdfkgtk lmgtrjouyc c tu kvmduljüg y prmarksm y quk tk fmtjvk c skr skfjddc nk lcfojm kg kstk fugnm quk tcgtm dm gklksjtc.

Kd lmglkptm nk Jgtkdjakgljc Kspjrjtucd Kg lucgtm cd lmglkptm nk Jgtkdjakgl  fk austcræc kstcodklkr nksnk cemJgtkdjakgljc jc Kspjrjtucd  fk rc kd tkrrjtmrjm m kspcljm djtkrcrjm, `jdmsü`jlm y kpjstkfmdüajlm quk dm kgfcrlc. Dc pcdcorc y lmglkptm nk Jgtkdjakgljc  prmvjkgk  prmvjkgk nkd dctæg —Jgtkddjakgtjc‖ quk sjagj`jlc —scokr kslmakr‖, kgtkgnjnc lmfm dc lcpcljncn m pmsjojdjncn quk tjkgk ugc pkrsmgc pcrc cgcdjzcr y kslmakr dc fkhmr mpljüg kgtrk fulecs, lmg kd mohktjvm nk clkrlcrsk c dc rkcdjzcljüg nk sus fktcs, cncptcrsk y ―prmspkrcr‚, kg kd fkhmr skgtjnm nk kstc pcdcorc. Jfpdjlc tkgkr ug cfpdjm kspkltrm nk pmsjojdjncnks nk kdklljüg, `rutm nk vcdjmsms lmgmljfjkgtms cnqujrjnms, lmg dc lmgsjaujkgtk lcpcljncn pcrc cosmrokr, rktkgkr y uscr dc jg`mrfcljüg pcrc okgk`jljm prmpjm y nk dms nkfãs. Kspjrjtucdjncn  Dcypcdcorc  nkrjvcmnkd  nkrjvc dctæg —spjrjtus‖ quknkdsjagj`jlc pjrm‖, fãs pugtucdfkgtk cdjkgtm rkspjrm prmlknkgtk ãfojtm—cdjkgtm njvjgm, my rkspmr ksm sus lmggmtcljmgks puknkg skr tcg cfpdjcs lmfm qukrcfms. Ycrc fulecs pkrsmgcs dc pcdcorc kspjrjtucdjncn kstã csmljcnc lmg rkdjajüg. \jg kfocram, lucgtm fãs kvmduljmgc dc eufcgjncn fãs ldcrcfkgtk nj`krkgljc dc kspjrjtucdjncn nk dc rkdjajüg. Nk eklem kstk djorm GM kstã cnslrjtm c gjgaugc rkdjajüg kg pcrtjludcr, cugquk cd fjsfm tjkfpm kstunjc c fulecs, cd jaucd quk njvkrscs prãltjlcs m `jdmsm`æcs kspjrjtucdks, pcrc pmsjojdjtcr cprkgnjzchks quk pukncg lmgvkrtjrsk kg ekrrcfjkgtcs prãltjlcs pcrc dms dænkrks m pcrc qujkgks cspjrcg c skrdm. Dc kspjrjtucdjncn tcfojêg puknk kstcr csmljcnc lmg fjstjljsfm, ksmtkrjsfm m lmgmljfjkgtm sklrktm rkdcljmgcnm lmg dm jgfctkrjcd, y tmlcrê kstms tkfcs lucgnm dm lmgsjnkrk mpmrtugm.

Lmg ocsk kg fj kxpkrjkgljc ek tmnms ddkacnmsmfms c dc lmgldusjüg nk quk `æsjlc, ^MNM\ FM\ K\YJ_J^[CDK\ pukstm quk dc fcgj`kstcljüg kg \Mkstk pdcgm fctkrjcd, nk ugc `ukrzc kspjrjtucd vjgludcnc c Njms m dc Kgkraæc Lrkcnmrc. \jg kfocram, cugquk tmnms smfms kspjrjtucdks kg kskgljc, gm tmnms nkskcg, smg lmgsljkgtks m kstãg jgtkrkscnms kg prm`ugnjzcr y cpdjlcr lmgmljfjkgtms vjgludcnms c su lrkljfjkgtm lmfm kgtjncnks kspjrjtucdks. Csufm quk fulems kgtkgnkrãg kstms tkfcs lmfm pkrtkgkljkgtks cd tkrrjtmrjm nk dc Fmrcd, dc Êtjlc, m dc Lmgsljkgljc fjsfc, y fk pcrklk quk kstã fuy ojkg. Kg fulems lcsms vjgludcrkfms lmglkptms fmrcdks m êtjlms c ugc vjnc kspjrjtucd nkd skr eufcgm, y kg mtrms pcrtjrkfms nk kgskócgzcs nk gcturcdkzc kspjrjtucd pcrc cdjgkcrdcs lmg prãltjlcs fmrcdks y êtjlcs. Ykrm sjkfprk y kg tmnms dms lcsms ecodcrkfms lmg arcg lmgvjlljüg nkd skr eufcgm lmfm ugc lmgsklukgljc fctkrjcd nk dc cltjvjncn kspjrjtucd. 33

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

Lmg ocsk kg dm cgtks kxpukstm, pmr Jgtkdjakgljc Kspjrjtucd  fk   fk rk`jkrm c dc lcpcljncn nkd skr eufcgm pcrc cosmrokr, cpdjlcr y lmfpcrtjr lmgmljfjkgtms quk dk pkrfjtkg kstcodklkr ugc rkdcljüg fãs lmgsljkgtk lmg su mrjakg y su nkstjgm nksnk y ecljc ug Ymnkr \upkrjmr cd quk fulems nkgmfjgcfms Njms m @ukrzc Lrkcnmrc. Nkgtrm nk kstk fcrlm lmglkptucd tcfojêg kstã jfpdjlcnc dc rkdcljüg lmg mtrcs fcgj`kstcljmgks nk Njms, tcdks lmfm dc Fcnrk ^jkrrc, dms Cgjfcdks, dcs Ydcgtcs y, movjcfkgtk, tmnms dms \krks Eufcgms. -------------------------------[gc pkrsmgc jgtkdjakgtk kspjrjtucdfkgtk dmarc jgtkarcr jgtkarcr c su prmpjc vjnc, nk ugc fcgkrc lmekrkgtk, lmekrkgtk, sus lrkkgljcs y vjvkgljcs “gm gklkscrjcfkgtk rkdjajmscs“ y sjkfprk lmgsjnkrc lmg sjnkrc su kxjstkgljc kg rkdcljüg lmg Njms y lmg tmncs \us fcgj`kstcljmgks. [g dænkr jgtkdjakgtk kspjrjtucdfkgtk ks cqukd quk ouslc nkscrrmddcr su fãxjfm  pmtkgljcd lmfm skr kspjrjtucd ctkfpmrcd, fãs quk lmfm ug skr tkrrkgcd tkfpmrcd. Ks

cqukd quk q uk lmgtcajc lmg kd khkfpdm y auæc c mtrms cyunãgnmdks c nkscrrmddcr su fãxjfm pmtkgljcd lmfm kspærjtus fcgj`kstcnms cquæ kg dc ^jkrrc. --------------------------------

Ocsãgnmgms kg dc nk`jgjljüg prkvjcfkgtk kgugljcnc, rksudtc kvjnkgtk quk kxldujrkfms tmnm `cgctjsfm rkdjajmsm m kspjrjtucd, puks tmnc `mrfc nk `cgctjsfm akgkrc lmgsklukgljcs gkactjvcs pcrc mtrms skrks eufcgms, cgjfcdks, pdcgtcs m pcrc dc ^jkrrc fjsfc. \cokfms quk fulecs pkrsmgcs c dm dcram nk dc ejstmrjc y kg dc cltucdjncn sk ecg cpmycnm kg supukstcs lrkkgljcs kspjrjtucdks m rkdjajmscs pcrc lmfktkr arcgnks ctrmljncnks kg lmgtrc nk mtrms skrks eufcgms, kg lmgtrc nk cgjfcdks (lmfm sclrj`jljms) y kg lmgtrc nk dc ^jkrrc. Dc kskgljc nk dc kspjrjtucdjncn ks prkljscfkgtk dc lcpcljncn nk pmgkr kd ojkgkstcr nk mtrms skrks eufcgms y dc kstcojdjncn nkd pdcgktc pmr smork lucdqujkr mtrm prmpüsjtm. Kg mlcsjmgks jgldusm prjfkrm quk gukstrm prmpjm ojkgkstcr. Ejstürjlcfkgtk ec ecojnm fulem cgãdjsjs, jgldusm nkoctk, smork dms tjpms nk jgtkdjakgljc kg kd skr eufcgm. Ecstc cgtks nk _makr \pkrry (Yrkfjm Gmokd 3:53), sk ecodcoc nk ugc smdc jgtkdjakgljc, kg`mlcnc kg rksmdvkr prmodkfcs fctkfãtjlms, fkfmrjzcr nctms y cosmrokr gukvc jg`mrfcljüg. Nkspuês nk fulems kstunjms smork dc kpjdkpsjc, \pkrry lmglduyü quk kd ekfjs`krjm lkrkorcd nkrklem trcochcoc, pmr nkljrdm csæ, nk ugc fcgkrc nj`krkgtk cd ekfjs`krjm jzqujkrnm. Moskrvü quk lcnc ekfjs`krjm nkscrrmddcoc nktkrfjgcncs lcpcljncnks, arcljcs c dm lucd sk kfpkzü c ecodcr nk jgtkdjakgljc cgcdætjlc-düajlc vkrsus jgtkdjakgljc lrkctjvc-jgtujtjvc. Fãs tcrnk Emwcrn Acrngkr `mrfudü dc tkmræc nk dcs Jgtkdjakgljcs Fødtjpdks y cfpdjü kstc prmpukstc c mlem tjpms nk jgtkdjakgljcs8 djgaôæstjlc-vkrocd, düaj3?

 

JG^_MN[LLJÜG

lm-fctkfãtjlc, vjsucd-kspcljcd, fusjlcd, lmrpmrcd-ljgkstêsjlc, jgtrcpkrsmgcd, jgtkrpkrsmgcd y gcturcdjstc. Ymstkrjmrfkgtk ejzm ugc rkvjsjüg nkd gøfkrm nk jgtkdjakgljcs y prmpusm ugc gmvkgc, c dc quk nkgmfjgü jgtkdjakgljc kxjstkgljcd m trcslkgnkgtk. Ncgjkd Amdkfcg, pmr su pcrtk, ec prmpukstm mtrms nms tjpms nk jgtkdjakgljcs fuy ljtcncs kg dcs nms ødtjfcs nêlcncs8 dc jgtkdjakgljc kfmljmgcd y dc jgtkdjakgljc smljcd. Lmg ocsk kg dm cgtkrjmr, kg kstk djorm pmnrkfms comrncr tkfcs rkdcljmgcnms lmg cdaugcs nk kstcs jgtkdjakgljcs, kgtrk kddcs dc jgtrcpkrsmgcd, dc jgtkrpkrsmgcd, dc gcturcdjstc, dc kxjstkgljcd, dc kfmljmgcd y dc smljcd. Ecy kspcljms tcfojêg pcrc dc jgtkdjakgljc fmrcd, prmpukstc pmr kd `cfmsm psjqujctrc cfkrjlcgm _mokrt Lmdks, pkrm sjkfprk pdcgtkcgnm ugc ldcrc dægkc nk rkdcljüg lmg kd fugnm kspjrjtucd. Kstcs prmpukstcs y kstunjms lmg`jrfcg dcs kgmrfks okgnjljmgks quk ec rkljojnm dc eufcgjncn lmfm kspkljk y rkc`jrfcg dc kspkrcgzc ks pkrcgzc kg kd pmtkgljcd eufcgm, jgspjrcnm pmr dc njvjgjncn, pcrc nk`jgjr ug gukvm rufom. ¡ Kd skr eufcgm tjkgk tmnm pcrc vjvjr kg cougncgljc y lmfpcrtjrdc lmg dms nkfãs! ¡^cd vkz südm gms `cdtc lrkkrdm lmg cosmdutc `k y lmfkgzcr c skgtjr ksc cougncgljc kg gukstrm jgtkrjmr y c gukstrm cdrknknmr! Lrkm `jrfkfkgtk quk ecodcr nk Jgtkdjakgljc Kspjrjtucd ks cdtcfkgtk gklkscrjm kg dms tjkfpms cltucdks pukstm quk dc smorkpmodcljüg nkd pdcgktc y kd ncóm mlcsjmgcnm c kstk pmr gukstrm lmfpmrtcfjkgtm, csæ lmfm pmr dc cfojljüg y dc njstrclljüg fctkrjcd, ecg cdlcgzcnm gjvkdks guglc cgtks vjstms kg dc ejstmrjc. ^kgkfms quk skaujr jglmrpmrcgnm dc jgtkdjakgljc kspjrjtucd cd næc c næc nk dcs pkrsmgcs “gm südm nksnk ugc pkrspkltjvc clcnêfjlc, sjgm lmg ugc vjsjüg cdtcfkgtk prãltjlc“ ecstc dmarcr ugc fcymr crfmgæc jgtkrgc y ugc fkhmr rkdcljüg lmg dms nkfãs. Kstm gms pkrfjtjrã kstcr kg pcz, lujncr fkhmr kd kgtmrgm y cskaurcr kd `uturm nk dc eufcgjncn. -------------------------------Kd fugnm cltucd gklksjtc dænkrks kspjrjtucdfkgtk jgtkdjakgtks, fãs quk südm rkdjajmsms. Dænkrks quk vjvcg kg cougncgljc kspjrjtucd jgtkrjmr, quk q uk skcg lcpclks nk cnfjgjstrcr dc cougncgljc kxtkrjmr nksnk sus vjrtunks kspjrjtucdks. Dænkrks quk skcg `kdjlks y quk lmgtrjouycg c ugc `kdjljncn vkrncnkrc vkrncnkrc pcrc dms nkfãs. -------------------------------Kd jgtkdkltucd y kstcnjstc leklm Pcldcv Ecvkd (3:, tjtudcnc Dc gklksjncn nk trcslkgnkgljc kg kd fugnm pmstfmnkrgm, Ecvkd c`jrfü8 —Ks lcsj jfpmsjodk kglmgtrcr ugc ludturc quk gm sk nkrjvk nk dc lmgvjlljüg kg ug fjstkrjmsm mrnkg supkrjmr cd fugnm, fãs cddã nk gukstrm cdlcglk, ugc cdtc jgtkgljüg, `ukgtk nk tmncs dcs lmscs, ugc fkfmrjc kdkvcnc rkajstrãgnmdm tmnm, ugc cutmrjncn cgtk dc lucd nk ugc u mtrc `mrfc tmnms smfms rkspmgscodks. Nksnk tjkfpms jgfkfmrjcdks, dc ldcvk pcrc dc kxjstkgljc nk dc rczc eufcgc, dc gcturcdkzc y kd ugjvkrsm, csæ lmfm dc ldcvk pcrc dm quk sk rkqujkrk nk dc rkspmgscojdjncn rkspmg scojdjncn eufcgc, sjkfprk ec kstcnm kg dm quk q uk trcsljkgnk c dc eufcgjncn, kg dm quk pkrfcgklk smork kddc. Dc eufcgjncn nkok lmfprkgnkr kd rkspktm quk kstc rkdcljüg jfpdjlc, sj qujkrk quj krk smorkvjvjr‖.

\j ojkg cltucdfkgtk kxjstk ugc tkgnkgljc fuy `ukrtk c prcltjlcr cdaugc fktmnmdmaæc nk gcturcdkzc kspjrjtucd m quk kfpdkc dc pcdcorc —kspjrjtucd‖ kg su tætudm, kg fulems lcsms pcrklk skr fãs ugc fmnc quk ugc `mrfc rkcd nk jgtkarcr lmglkptms, eãojtms y `jdmsm`æcs trcslkgnkgtks kg dc vjnc nk dc pkrsmgc. Kd ymac y dc fknjtcljüg sk ecg pmpudcrjzcnm nk fcgkrc jglrkæodk y fjddmgks nk pkrsmgcs kg kd fugnm mlljnkgtcd yc yc dcs prcltjlcg. Cugquk cfocs smg pukrtcs nk kgtrcnc fuy pmnkrmscs pcrc ugc vjnc ddkgc nk kspjrjtucdjncn, kg fulems lcsms sus prcltjlcgtks sk qukncg kg gjvkdks supkr`jljcdks. su pkr`jljcdks. Ymr ksm ks lmføg vkr quk lmg kd ymac fulecs pkrsmgcs sk djfjtcg kg su prãltjlc c dms lujncnms nk su lukrpm “`dkxjojdjncn `æsjlc, `æsjlc , cdjfkgtcljüg y khkrljljms nk rkspjrcljüg“ kg duacr nk lmgvkrtjrdm kg ug lcfjgm ecljc ugc vkrncnkrc kspjrjtucdjncn. [g fckstrm nk ymac ug næc fk kxpdjlü quk kxjstkg nms tjpms nk ymacs8 dc ocscnc kg ugc skrjk nk khkrljljms `æsjlms “gmrfcdfkgtk ks dc fãs prcltjlcnc“ y dc quk sk cnmptc lmfm ug lcfjgm nk vjnc jgtkarcd ocscnm kg prjgljpjms kspjrjtucdks. ^cfojêg ks `rklukgtk vkr quk ljkrtcs pkrsmgcs sk djfjtcg c kglmgtrcr ug kstcnm nk lcdfc lmg dc fknjtcljüg, pkrm gm prm`ugnjzcg dm su`jljkgtk pcrc jgtkarcr c su vjnc kgskócgzcs kspjrjtucdks quk kfcgcg nkd kstcnm nk lmgkxjüg lmg kd pdcgm kspjrjtucd cd quk tk puknk ddkvcr dc fknjtcljüg. Dm fjsfm ec sulknjnm lmg kd rkjbj, kd tcjlej, dc dklturc nkd tcrmt m nkd curc, dcs lkrkfmgjcs lmg pdcgtcs fknjljgcdks, dcs sksjmgks lmg fênjufs m Ãgakdks, m dms pkrkarjgchks, kgtrk kddms kd `cfmsm Lcfjgm nk \cgtjcam. Fulems nk qujkgks clunkg c kstcs sksjmgks m njgãfjlcs dm eclkg ouslcgnm rksmdvkr ug csugtm kg pcrtjludcr, y cd kglmgtrcr dc smduljüg lmgtjgøcg lmg su  vjnc gmrfc gmrfcd,d, sjg eclkr lcfojms lcfojms sjagj`jlc sjagj`jlctjvm tjvmss quk trcslj trcsljkgncg kgncg kg kg su vjnc. vjnc. 3>

 

JG^_MN[LLJÜG

Ejstürjlcfkgtk kstm tcfojêg ec mlurrjnm lmg dcs crtks fcrljcdks. \j ojkg ks ljkrtm quk tjkgkg ugc rcæz prm`ugnc kg dc kspjrjtucdjncn, kg kd fugnm mlljnkgtcd dcs ecg utjdjzcnm fãs lmfm ug nkpmrtk, lmfm fêtmnm pcrc ochcr nk pksm m pmr nk`kgsc pkrsmgcd. Ymr kddm lrkm quk ks emrc nk rkslctcr dcs ocsks kspjrjtucdks nk lcnc rkdjajüg, csæ lmfm nk dcs ocsks nk dcs crtks fcrljcdks, nkd ymac, nkd rkjbj, nkd tcj lej, nkd qj amga, nkd tkfczlcd, nk dcs lkrkfmgjcs prkejspãgjlcs y dms pkrkarjgchks, k jgtkarcr kstms cprkgnjzchks c gukstrc vjnc lmtjnjcgc pcrc rkslctcr gukstrc rkcdjncn. Dms dænkrks jgtkdjakgtks kspjrjtucdfkgtk nkokg skr kxpdmrcnmrks nk dcs rcælks nk dcs fktmnmdmaæcs —kspjrjtucdks‖ quk emy sk prcltjlcg pukstm quk kg sus `ugncfkgtms kskgljcdks kstãg sus arcgnks rjqukzcs. Dm fjsfm sulknk lmg kd vkacgjsfm y lmg kd vkaktcrjcgjsfm, quk puknkg ddkacr c tkgkr ocsks cdtcfkgtk kspjrjtucdks, cugquk fulems dms prcltjlcg südm lmfm fmnc, pcrc ochcr nk pksm m pcrc lmrrkajr cdaugc lmgnjljüg ``jsjmdüajlc. jsjmdüajlc. \my vkaktcrjcgm y pcrc fæ ks tmnm ug kstjdm nk vjvjr y pkgscr, nk rkspktm c lcnc cgjfcdjtm lmfm rkprkskgtcgtk nk dc Lrkcljüg nk Njms. Lrkm quk ks jghustm sclrj`jlcr c ug cgjfcdjtm pcrc fj cdjfkgtcljüg, y pmr supukstm quk tcfpmlm kstmy nk clukrnm kg uscr c dms cgjfcdks pcrc semws nk ljrlm gj fulem fkgms pcrc cdam tcg lrukd lmfm dm ks dc tcurmfcqujc. Orulk Dkk, arcg rk`krkgtk fugnjcd nk dcs crtks fcrljcdks, kg 3:19 su`rjü ugc skvkrc dksjüg nmrscd nurcgtk ugc sksjüg nk dkvcgtcfjkgtm nk pkscs. Dms fênjlms prmgmstjlcrmg quk tkgnræc quk kstcr pmstrcnm kg lcfc nurcgtk fksks y quk gm pmnræc vmdvkr c prcltjlcr dcs crtks fcrljcdks. Lmg pmlc fmvjdjncn `æsjlc, Orulk mptü pmr lmglkgtrcr tmnc su kgkraæc fkgtcd y kg`mlcrdc kg su vjnc y kg su rklupkrcljüg. \us gmtcs nk ksk pkræmnm njkrmg mrjakg c su djorm —Kd ^cm nkd Hkkt Bugk Nm‖. Cgtks nk ug cóm Dkk rklupkrü su scdun y, dm fãs jfpmrtcgtk, njm arcgnks pcsms ecljc dc kxpdmrcljüg nk pukgtks kgtrk dc kspjrjtucdjncn y dcs crtks fcrljcdks, rklupkrcgnm dcs ocsks cglkstrcdks nk su trcnjljüg pcrc kgrjquklkr su `jdmsm`æc y su prãltjlc. -------------------------------Dc eufjdncn ks dc ocsk nkd emgmr. Dms quk kstãg nmrfjnms lcfjgcg kg dc mslurjncn  y guglc ouslcg dc duz. Dc fcymræc nk dcs pkrsmgcs vjvkg kg ug vclæm pmrquk pcscg dc vjnc nkspkrnjljcgnm su kgkraæc lrkctjvc vjtcd trctcgnm nk skr lmfm mtrms dks njlkg quk tjkgkg quk skr, kg duacr nk nkscrrmddcr su fãxjfm pmtkgljcd lmfm skrks eufcgms. Ycrc lmgtrmdcr fj skr prjfkrm tkgam quk clkptcr fj skr. Ycrc clkptcr fj skr tkgam quk vjvjr ochm dcs rkadcs nk dc gcturcdkzc y gm kg lmgtrc lmgtrc nk kddcs. Orulk Dkk -------------------------------3;

 

 

J

Kd êxjtm y dc prmarcfcljüg kg dms dænkrks

J. KD ÊUJ^M Z DC Y_MA_CFCLJÜG KG DM\ DÆNK_K\

 

J. KD ÊUJ^M Z DC Y_MA_ Y_MA_CFCLJÜG CFCLJÜG KG DM\ DÆNK_K\

@ujfms prmarcfcnms ochm dc fãxjfc jgtkdkltucd “ctrjoujnc c \cgtm ^mfãs, qujkg nuncoc nk dc rksurrklljüg nk Hksøs“ nk —vkr pcrc lrkkr‖, dm quk jfpdjlc quk südm lrkkfms kg dm quk gukstrms mhms pkrljokg y pmr kddm südm ouslcfms dc cougncgljc fctkrjcd, dc quk pmnkfms tmlcr. Nksnk gjóms gms kgskócg quk dc rkcdjncn ks dm quk vkfms, m dm quk lmg gukstrms mtrms luctrm skgtjnms lcptcfms, y pmr kddm sjkfprk ouslcfms rjqukzcs quk pukncg tmlcrsk, vkrsk, mdkrsk, scomrkcrsk y kslulecrsk. Gms ekfms clmstuforcnm cd —njgkrm lmgtcgtk y smgcgtk‖, cd mrm quk orjddc, c dc cougncgljc quk pmnkfms prksufjr cgtk mtrms y c dms rklmgmljfjkgtms lmdacnms kg pcrknks. Gms ecg kgskócnm quk südm dm quk puknk prmocr dc Ljkgljc ks dm ljkrtm y lmgstjtuyk dm vkrncnkrm. \jg kfocram, pmlms smg dms quk vjvkg ouslcgnm dc cougncgljc quk gm sk vk gj sk tmlc, pkrm quk sk sjkgtk y sk njs`rutc pdkgcfkgtk. _kdctjvcfkgtk pmlms smg dms quk cfojljmgcg dc rjqukzc kspjrjtucd pmr smork dc fctkrjcd. Lmgtcnms smg dms quk sk sjkgtkg mrauddmsms, `kdjlks y trjug`cnmrks pmr rklmgmlkr dm quk ecy nkgtrm nk kddms, cugquk gm sk puknc lmfprmocr ljkgtæ`jlcfkgtk, kg duacr nk südm skgtjrsk sctjs`klems pmr dm quk puknkg lmfprmocr `æsjlcfkgtk c su cdrknknmr. Kg kd kstunjm quk rkcdjlê lmg ug kqujpm nk prm`ksjmgcdks, quk njm mrjakg cd djorm Kd Akg Kxjtmsm, dk ejljfms ugc _KA_K\JÜG c ljkgtms nk pkrsmgcs y dcs aujcfms c su gjókz pcrc quk nksluorjkrcg cdaugc kstrctkajc quk dks ecoæcg kgskócnm sus pcnrks m coukdms smork akgkrcr y cnfjgjstrcr kd njgkrm, csæ lmfm ugc kstrctkajc smork lüfm pcscr nk ug kstcnm nk trjstkzc c ugm nk `kdjljncn. Kd nksluorjfjkgtm `uk lmgtugnkgtk8 dms rklukrnms cdrknknmr nkd njgkrm rjakg fãs dc vjnc nk ugc pkrsmgc quk dms lmglkrgjkgtks c su fugnm kfmljmgcd. Kg dc fcymræc nk gjóms, cnmdkslkgtks y hüvkgks, y tcfojêg nk cnudtms, ks lmføg quk cnfjrkg c pkrsmgchks quk ecg dmarcnm fãs kg dm fctkrjcd quk kg dm kspjrjtucd. Cnfjrcg c nkpmrtjstcs, crtjstcs, kfprkscrjms m amokrgcgtks quk ecg sjnm kxjtmsms kg su nkskfpkóm prm`ksjmgcd, y ouslcg jfjtcrdms y cprkgnkr nk kddms, sjg lmfprkgnkr quk kstãg kfudcgnm kd fmnkdm lmtjnjcgm y lmføg nk mtrcs pkrsmgcs y gm kd fmnkdm kxtrcmrnjgcrjm quk kddms pmnræcg ddkacr c skr. C tmnms gms ec pcscnm quk jfjtcfms c cdaujkg, y ugc vkz quk ddkacfms c skr lmfm ksc pkrsmgc, GM smfms `kdjlks. Ymlms smg dms quk ouslcg skaujr dms lcfjgms nk pkrsmgchks quk prcltjlcg ecojtucdfkgtk dc kspjrjtucdjncn kg su vjnc. Ecstc ljkrtm pugtm eclkrdm puknk akgkrcr lrætjlcs nk mtrms ecljc su `mrfc nk skr, y dc fjsfc smljkncn pmr dm akgkrcd ouslc rkarkscrdms cd lcfjgm trcnjljmgcd fctkrjcd pmr kd quk dc fcymræc lcfjgc. Kg kd kstunjm y djorm nk Kd \klrktm nk dc Fmtjvcljüg , kgtrk fulems ecddczams kglmgtrcfms ugm quk gms pkrfjtjü lmgldujr quk dcs fmtjvcncs, pkrsmgcs vjvkg fãs njkgnm nk `cltmrks y kdkfkgtms kxtkrgms pcrc skgtjrsk quk nk sunkpkgprmpjc 3:

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

lmgkxjüg lmg su jgtkrjmr, su lmrczüg, su kspærjtu, Njms. Ycrc ugc pkrsmgc lmføg ks fulem fãs `ãljd skgtjrsk fmtjvcnc pmr rkljojr ug cpdcusm nk mtrms quk pmr skgtjr su prmpjm cpdcusm, m dk sjagj`jlc fãs ugc prmfmljüg kg su trcochm quk fknjc emrc njcrjc sjgtjkgnm A_C^J^[N nurcgtk dc fknjtcljüg. Dc fcymræc prk`jkrk pkrskaujr ug BYJ (bky pkr`mrfcglk jgnjlctmr  m  m jgnjlcnmr ldcvk nk nkskfpkóm) kg su prm`ksjüg, quk nksluorjr y pkrskaujr su vmlcljüg kspjrjtucd. \j punjkrcg tmfcr lmgsljkgljc nk dm fulem quk dk cpmrtc dc kspjrjtucdjncn c dc vjnc pkrsmgcd y prm`ksjmgcd, fãs tjkfpm nk lcdjncn dk nknjlcræcg c dc fknjtcljüg m c mtrcs prãltjlcs nk lmgkxjüg lmg kd skr jgtkrjmr, y fkhmrks skræcg sus rksudtcnms kxtkrgms. -------------------------------[gc vkz quk q uk cdaujkg nksluork y scomrkc dc okddkzc quk aucrnc su jgtkrjmr y dc cougncgljc quk sk sjkgtk nurcgtk ugc prm`ugnc lmgkxjüg lmg kd pdcgm kspjrjtucd, guglc vukdvk c skr kd fjsfm8 su fugnm lcfojc nrcfãtjlcfkgtk. Dm øgjlm quk tkgkfms quk eclkr ks pkrfjtjrgms lrkkr, eclkr c ug dcnm cd kam, ksc fãslcrc quk vkstjfms, y rklmgkltcrgms rklmgkltcrg ms lmg dc `ukgtk. -------------------------------Gms ecg kgskócnm quk gukstrc vmlcljüg sjkfprk kstã djacnc c gukstrcs lcpcljncnks, lucdjncnks m austms tkrrkgcdks, y pmr ksm gms vmdvkfms lüfmnms y gm ouslcfms fãs cddã nk ksms djgnkrms. Ykrm smg fulecs dcs pkrsmgcs quk lmg`ugnkg su vmlcljüg lmg su prm`ksjüg y sk kg`mlcg næc y gmlek kg dmarcr tcg südm fktcs tkrrkgcdks y fctkrjcdks. Dm ljkrtm ks quk dc vmlcljüg vc fulem fãs cddã y sk lmgkltc lmg dms mohktjvms fãs pmnkrmsms nkd pmr quê tu kspærjtu nkljnjü kglcrgcr kg kstk pdcgm, kg kstk lukrpm y kg kstk tjkfpm. Dc vmlcljüg nk lcnc ugm ks øgjlc, pkrm pcrc nksluorjrdc tjkgks prjfkrm quk scokr qujêg krks, rklmgkltcrtk lmg tu kskgljc y rklmgstrujrtk nk cnkgtrm ecljc `ukrc. `u krc. Kstk prmlksm nk rklmgstrulljüg ks ug vjchk fcrcvjddmsm, kg kd quk movjcfkgtk tjkgks quk nkseclkrtk nk fulec jg`mrfcljüg quk ecs clkptcnm jglmgsljkgtkfkgtk kg kd pcscnm, pcrc eclkr ugc sægtksjs y qukncrtk südm lmg cqukddm quk tk cpmrtc vcdmr. Dc prmarcfcljüg clcnêfjlc nk prjfcrjc, sklugncrjc, prkpcrctmrjc, y pmr supukstm nk ugjvkrsjncn, kstã fulem fãs kg`mlcnc y lcracnc ecljc dc pcrtk têlgjlc y prm`ksjmgcd quk ecljc dc pcrtk eufcgc, y fulem fkgms ecljc dc kspjrjtucd. Dcs ugjvkrsjncnks lmfpjtkg kgtrk sæ pmr vkr qujkgks arcnøcg kstunjcgtks lmg sukdnms lmfm sj kstk jgnjlcnmr prjgljpcd nkd êxjtm nk ugc ugjvkrsjncn yfãs nk cdtms, ug kstunjcgtk. Ksc `ukrc cltjtunkd eclk quk kstkfms ddkgms nk pkrsmgcs quk lmorcg ?9

 

J. KD ÊUJ^M Z DC Y_MA_ Y_MA_CFCLJÜG CFCLJÜG KG DM\ DÆNK_K\

fulem njgkrm pkrm quk kg rkcdjncn khklutcg pmlcs morcs nk trcslkgnkgljc eufcgc y pmr dm akgkrcd gm eclkg dm quk dks cpcsjmgc. Lucgnm cdam tk cpcsjmgc kd sukdnm ks dm nk fkgms y kd njgkrm ddkac lmfm ugc lmgsklukgljc nk carkacr ug cdtm  vcdmr, y kstm sk dmarc lucgnm rkcdfkgtk trcochcs pmr pcsjüg y gm pmr modjacljüg. [g lcsm fuy jdustrctjvm nkd tkfc quk vkgjfms trctcgnm, nk cdaujkg lcpcz nk —gcncr kg lmgtrc nk dc lmrrjkgtk clcnêfjlc lmgvkgljmgcd‖ ks kd Hmg Bcoct-Xjgg, qujkg rkljojü su nmltmrcnm lmfm YeN kg ojmdmaæc fmdkludcr kg 3:13 kg Fcsscleusktts Jgstjtutk m` ^klegmdmay (FJ^), nmgnk kstunjü ochm dc njrklljüg nk \cdvcnmr Durjc, Yrkfjm Gmokd kg Fknjljgc. Cugquk Durjc kspkrcoc quk Bcoct-Xjgg sk mrjkgtcræc ecljc kd lcfpm nk dc jgvkstjacljüg kg dc ojmdmaæc fmdkludcr, su cdufgm “fknjtcnmr ounjstc“ lmgsjnkrü fãs cpcsjmgcgtk y fãs øtjd pcrc dc eufcgjncn nknjlcrsk c dc jgvkstjacljüg nk dms k`kltms nk dc fknjtcljüg y dc ctkgljüg pdkgc (fjgn`udgkss ) pcrc dc ctkgucljüg nkd nmdmr. Cocgnmgü dc dægkc nk jgvkstjacljüg quk qukræc su ugjvkrsjncn, pkrm kg lcfojm dms lmgvkgljü nk quk dk njkrcg dc mpmrtugjncn nk lrkcr cddæ ugc pkqukóc ldægjlc pcrc kstunjcr gukvcs têlgjlcs y kg`mquks pcrc rknuljr kd kstrês y ctkgucr kd nmdmr. Ykrsjstjkgnm tkgczfkgtk kg dc cpdjlcljüg nk sus jnkcs, fmvjnm pmr ug prm`ugnm cfmr y lmg dc nktkrfjgcljüg nk cyuncr c cdjvjcr kd nmdmr nk fulecs pkrsmgcs, pmlm c pmlm jnkü y fmdnkü lmg ug arupm nk lmdkacs ug kxjtmsm prmarcfc nk mlem skfcgcs pcrc dms pcljkgtks (Fjgn`udgkss-Ocskn \trkss _knultjmg “ FO\_), kd lucd ec tkgjnm arcgnks rkpkrlusjmgks kg kd sjstkfc nk scdun nk ksk pcæs y kg fulems mtrms pcæsks. Ljkgtms nk ldægjlcs y lkgtrms nk scdun nkd fugnm cpdjlcg emy dc têlgjlc FO\_ m têlgjlcs sjfjdcrks. Emy kg næc sk lmgsjnkrc c Bcoct-Xjgg, cutmr nk gufkrmsms djorms, lmfm ugm nk dms fãs jfpmrtcgtks rk`krkgtks nkd tkfc nk dc ctkgljüg pdkgc, dc lucd emy kg næc ks fuy vcdmrcnc tcfojêg kg kd fugnm mracgjzcljmgcd. Ycrc ugc vjsjüg admocd smork dc ctkgljüg pdkgc, jgvjtm c dms dkltmrks c  vjsjtcr kd sjtjm wko nk Dujs Knucrnm Zkpks, sklljüg —Ctkgljüg pdkgc‖3. Z pcrc qujkgks qujkrcg skgtjr nk prjfkrc fcgm dc fckstræc nk Bcoct-Xjgg kg kstk tkfc, y dc utjdjncn nk dc ctkgljüg pdkgc pcrc dc prmpjc vjnc, fj rklmfkgncnm kspkljcd ks su lmg`krkgljc kg Ocrlkdmgc, Kspcóc, kg ?930, luym tætudm kg Zmu^uok Zmu^uok ks8 Yrãltjlcs nk Fjgn`udgkss lmg Hmg H mg Bcoct-Xjgg kg Ocrlkdmgc lmg Knjtmrjcd Bcjrüs?. 3. dujsknucrnmykpksl.wmrnprkss.lmf/ctkgljmg-pdkgc/quk-ks-fjgn`udgkss ?. Kgdclk8 ymutu.ok/[z_a[hSkm0S  ymutu.ok/[z_a[hSkm0S 

?3

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

Mtrm jgnjlcnmr kstcodkljnm pcrc kvcducr dc —lcdjncn‖ nk dcs ugjvkrsjncnks, ks fknjr dc rcpjnkz lmg quk sk kfpdkcg sus arcnucnms. ¡Gcnc fãs krrügkm quk kstm! Kg ug kstunjm quk ddkvcfms c lcom kgtrk ;999 kstunjcgtks ugjvkrsjtcrjms, nksluorjfms quk tcg südm kd ?9-?;% nk kddms kstunjcg dm quk dks cpcsjmgc y quk, skaurcfkgtk pmr dc prksjüg smljcd y nk su lærludm lkrlcgm, lmgskaujrãg ug trcochm quk gm dks cpcsjmgc. Dm quk tkgkfms ks ugc lrkctjvjncn fuy fcd cprmvklecnc, csæ lmfm kfpdkcnms quk sk dc pcscg kgvjcgnm emhcs nk vjnc (lurrjluduf vjtck) c mtrcs kfprkscs kg su emrcrjm dcomrcd. Zm rklmfjkgnm c dms kstunjcgtks quk GM sk kfpdkkg rãpjncfkgtk “c fkgms quk dc sjtucljüg klmgüfjlc skc rkcdfkgtk cprkfjcgtk“ y quk sk tmfkg pmr dm fkgms ?-< fksks scoãtjlms pcrc rk`dkxjmgcr quê ks dm quk vkrncnkrcfkgtk qujkrkg eclkr. Dks suajkrm quk sk vcycg cd omsquk, c ug rktjrm, c ug vjchk quk dks cyunk c nksluorjr y nksluorjrsk cgtks nk kfpdkcrsk, yc quk ugc vkz quk tk jglmrpmrcs c dc njgãfjlc dcomrcd lmrpmrctjvc, tk cosmrok nk tcd fcgkrc quk tk ks nj`æljd vkr quê kstã sulknjkgnm rkcdfkgtk lmg tu vjnc, puks tk fukvks cutmfãtjlcfkgtk ecljc nmgnk tk njlkg quk tjkgks quk fmvkrtk. Kg dms jgnjlcnmrks cgtks fkgljmgcnms lmfjkgzcg kd kg`mquk, dcs jgtkgljmgks y dc pdcgkcljüg pcrc skr —fkhmrks‖ ugjvkrsjncnks. Ks emrc nk tkgkr lkgtrms ugjvkrsjtcrjms rkcdfkgtk prkmlupcnms pmr kd nkscrrmddm kfmljmgcd, eufcgm y kspjrjtucd nk dms kstunjcgtks, kg lmfojgcljüg lmg kd nkscrrmddm fkgtcd, têlgjlm, fctkrjcd y klmgüfjlm. Kg dcs rkvjstcs y kg dc tkdkvjsjüg sk rklmgmlk fulem c dms kfprkscrjms quk LMGS[J\^CG mtrms pcæsks, quk cfpdæcg su pmrtc`mdjm nk fcrlcs, quk NK\^_[ZKG c dc lmfpktkgljc, quk NMFJGCG fãs fkrlcnms y lctkamræcs, quk CL[F[DCG fãs `mrtugc, ktlêtkrc, sjg kvcducr sj rkcdfkgtk prmnulkg lujncgnm y rkspktcgnm kd fknjm cfojkgtk, sj trctcg njagcfkgtk c sus lmdcomrcnmrks, sj m`rklkg ug arcg prmnultm c dms lmgsufjnmrks, y sj mpkrcg ochm gmrfcs êtjlcs lmg prmvkknmrks y cdjcnms. Kg dc —omdsc‖ ecojtucd nk vcdmrks pmr dm akgkrcd dm øgjlm quk jfpmrtc ks dc rkgtcojdjncn nk ugc kfprksc, sjg jfpmrtcr lüfm prmnulk, lüfm trctc c su akgtk, sj sk lmfpmrtc fmrcdfkgtk y sj rkspktc c sus ldjkgtks. Ekfms lrkljnm pkgscgnm quk kg kd fugnm dm quk cougnc ks dc kslcskz y quk dc cougncgljc gm kxjstk, y pmr kddm kxjstkg kg gukstrm jgtkrjmr dc kgvjnjc y dms lkdms. \j rkcdfkgtk `uêrcfms lmgsljkgtks nk dc kgmrfk cougncgljc kg gukstrm jgtkrjmr y kxtkrjmr, gm sk gms nj`jludtcræc kxpkrjfkgtcr cdkaræc pmr dc `kdjljncn nk dms nkfãs. Nksnk gjóms ouslcfms motkgkr kd rklmgmljfjkgtm nk pcpã y fcfã, ykgtmglks sj gm dmsu`rjfms motkgkfms gmsmtrms, sæ dm dmarc gukstrm ekrfcgm ekrfcgc, pkgscgnm quk pkrm kd rklmgmljfjkgtm ks ug ojkg ksl csm.m Dm kslcsm. fjsfm ??

 

J. KD ÊUJ^M Z DC Y_MA_ Y_MA_CFCLJÜG CFCLJÜG KG DM\ DÆNK_K\

sulknk lmg dms rklursms fctkrjcdks. \j fj pcpã dk nc ugc pcdktc c fj ekrfcgm y c fæ gm, ksm fk eclk skgtjr trjstkzc y kgvjnjc ecljc fj ekrfcgm. Dc pcdktc, cd `jg y cd lcom, krc südm ugc, krc kslcsc y dc rkljojü fj ekrfcgm y gm ym, csæ quk tkgnrê quk kspkrcr c dc prüxjfc mpmrtugjncn kg quk fj pcpã nkljnc rkacdcrfk ugc pcdktc. Kd krrmr ks lmgtkgkr dc vcdjncljüg m cfmr nk pcpã kg ugc pcdktc, lmgvkrtjr dc pcdktc kg ug sæfomdm nkd cfmr nk pcpã, y lrklkr lmg dc —vkrncn‖ jglmgsljkgtk nk quk sj pcpã gm fk rkacdc c fæ dc pcdktc, kgtmglks cfc fãs c fj ekrfcgm quk c fæ. ¡Suê pmlm vcdmr dk csjagcfms cd cfmr nk gukstrm pcnrk! Kg lcfojm, sj pkgsãrcfms quk kd cfmr nk pcpã y fcfã qukncrmg tmtcdfkgtk fcgj`kstcnms cd ncrgms dc vjnc, y quk pmr ksk sjfpdk eklem nk ecokr gcljnm yc tkgkfms tmnm pcrc fmstrcrdks gukstrm cfmr, arctjtun y rkspktm, skræcfms lcpclks nk lmfkgzcr c pkrljojr dc cougncgljc nk cfmr nk gukstrms pcnrks. -------------------------------Lmgtkgkr kd cfmr nk Njms, nkd [gjvkrsm m nk gukstrms pcnrks kg rkprkskgtcljmgks fctkrjcdks lmfm njgkrm, mohktms m `cfc ks kd prjfkr pcsm pcrc pkrljojr kd fugnm lmfm kslcsm y gm lmfm cougncgtk. -------------------------------[gc ocrrkrc `rklukgtk pcrc dc kspjrjtucdjncn ks lucgnm ddkacfms c pkgscr quk Njms m kd [gjvkrsm cfcg fãs c mtrcs pkrsmgcs yc quk q uk tjkgkg ug trcochm kg kd quk acgcg fãs njgkrm, kstãg kg kstk fmfkgtm ojkg kg su rkdcljüg nk pcrkhc y smg cldcfcnms pmr mtrms pmr scdjr kg dcs pmrtcncs nk rkvjstcs lmfm dc —`cfjdjc pkr`kltc‖. Gcnc fãs jglmrrkltm quk ksm. Dc pdkgjtun pmnræc kstcr prkskgtk kg gukstrc  vjnc fãs `ãljd nk dm quk lrkkfms, pkrm kstcfms njstrcænms. Dm quk gms `cdtc ks kg`mlcrgms kg dm prjmrjtcrjm, yc quk ugc vkz quk nksluorks dm trcslkgnkgtcd y kg`mlcs tmnms tus rklursms kg tu vmlcljüg, gcnc tk nktjkgk8 tk vukdks ugc dmlmfmtmrc jfpcrcodk, lmfm dm `ukrmg Gkdsmg Fcgnkdc, Acgnej, Lrjstm, Zmacgcgnc, Ounc y tcgtms mtrms auæcs y dænkrks kspjrjtucdks quk vjvjkrmg c`jrfcnms kg kd pmnkr nk su lmrczüg y lrkykrmg quk su lukrpm krc cdam tkfpmrcd, fjkgtrcs quk su kspærjtu krc cdam ktkrgm y pmnkrmsm. ^mnms ekfms kslulecnm kd lukgtm nk dms lcgarkhms kg kd jgtkrjmr nk ugc luoktc. Lucgnm ug lcgarkhm vc trkpcgnm pmr dc pcrkn nk dc luoktc pcrc cdlcgzcr su djokrtcn, dms mtrms lcgarkhms dm hcdcg pcrc kvjtcr quk scdac, qukncgnm fcgj`jkstc csæ dc kgvjnjc nk dms nkfãs lcgarkhms quk gm ecg pmnjnm trkpcr. Z csæ pjkgscg y morcg fulecs pkrsmgcs. Yrk`jkrkg fcgtkgkr cochm c mtrms kg duacr nk cyuncrdms. Dm ljkrtm ks quk dc kgvjnjc dc lrkkgljc nk quk vjvjfms kslcskz y quklrkkfms lucgnmquk cdaujkg cdlcgzc dc prmvjkgk ljfc, ksk nk kspcljm qukncrã mlupcnm y, kgkgvjstc nk quk ecy ?<

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

—pmlcs ljfcs‖, kgtmglks csufjfms “kg `mrfc lmgsljkgtk m jglmgsljkgtk“ quk yc gm gms tmlcrã gcnc c gmsmtrms. Dm fjsfm sulknk lmg pmsjljmgks nk djnkrczam, kg dc pmdætjlc, kg dms gkamljms m c dc emrc nk lmgqujstcr c ugc pcrkhc8 pkgscfms quk ecy pmlcs pmsjljmgks nk djnkrczam kg dc pmdætjlc, pmlcs pmsjljmgks nk djnkrczam kg dms gkamljms y pmlcs fuhkrks okddcs u emforks cpukstms lmfm dms quk ouslcfms. Kstc ks ugc vjsjüg nk kslcskz y gm nk cougncgljc, kram dc kgvjnjc. Ykrm sj fjrcfms c gukstrm cdrknknmr lmg gukvms mhms, pmsjljmgks nk djnkrczam ecy fuleæsjfcs tcgtm c gjvkd smljcd y pmdætjlm, lmfm ludturcd y kfprkscrjcd, cnkfãs nk dcs fulecs quk kstãg pmr lrkcrsk. \j mptcfms pmr kd pmtkgtk jfpudsm nk dc cougncgljc kspjrjtucd, lmfprkgnkrkfms quk kg rkcdjncn gcnjk lmfpjtk lmgtrc gmsmtrms lucgnm cvcgzcfms aujcnms pmr kd ddcfcnm nk gukstrm nkstjgm, yc quk kd nkstjgm nk cdaujkg guglc ks kd fjsfm quk kd nk mtrm. Ks gukstrc vjsjüg djfjtcgtk nk dc lmfpktkgljc dc quk gms rkstrjgak y dc quk nktmgc dc kgvjnjc kg gmsmtrms. Nkhc nk lmfpktjr y nkhcrãs nk vkr kspcljms djfjtcnms nk djnkrczam. Nksluork qujêg krks, nksluork tu vmlcljüg, y skrãs øgjlm ø gjlm y kxtrcmrnjgcrjm kg dm quk ecacs. Cquæ rksjnk ugc nk dcs arcgnks fjsjmgks nk dms dænkrks cltucdks8 lrkcr kspcljms, `mrfcs, fklcgjsfms tcgtm pcrc cyuncr c sus lmdcomrcnmrks c pkrljojr fødtjpdks mpmrtugjncnks nk rkspmgscojdjncn, clljüg y djnkrczam, lmfm pcrc cyuncrdms cslkgnkr c pmsjljmgks nk fcymr rkspmgscojdjncn. Kd dænkr, kgtrk fulecs fjsjmgks, tjkgk dc arcg tcrkc nk cyuncr c dms nkfãs c pkrljojr dc cougncgljc kg su jgtkrjmr y c su cdrknknmr. [g dænkr quk vjvk dc kslcskz kg su lmrczüg y vjvk lmg skgtjfjkgtms nk kgvjnjc, nmfjgjm, lmgtrmd y clufudcljüg, prmvmlcnms pmr vjvjr sufkrajnm kg dc lmfpktkgljc, dm quk lmgtcajcrã ks ug skvkrm skgtjnm nk kslcskz. Lucgnm pkrljoks cougncgljc kg tu jgtkrjmr y pkrsjauks tu vmlcljüg, gm tjkgks pmr quê skgtjr kgvjnjc m lkdms2 tcfpmlm gklksjtcs rklurrjr c dcs kstrctkajcs nk lmgtrmd m nmfjgjm, gj tcfpmlm c dc clufudcljüg kxclkrocnc. Kd kstcnm nk kslcskz jgtkrgm kg kd quk q uk vjvkg fulems dms dcgzc c trctcr nk clufudcr nkfcsjcnm pcrc lmfpkgscr kd vclæm, y ksm akgkrc ugc fcdc njstrjouljüg nk dc cougncgljc fctkrjcd. Dc kslcskz jgtkrjmr nk fulems eclk quk mtrms vjvcg dc kslcskz fctkrjcd, yc quk dks ecg crrkoctcnm dcs mpmrtugjncnks pcrc tkgkr cllksm c cdaugms rklursms. Kd kstcnm nk kslcskz jgtkrgc, quk puknk ecokrsk akstcnm nksnk gjóms m cnmdkslkgtks, ks prmnultm nk sjtucljmgks nmdmrmscs, fjkgtrcs quk kd kstcnm nk cougncgljc jgtkrgc ks prmnultm nk sjtucljmgks cfmrmscs nk vjnc. -------------------------------Lucgnm kd skr eufcgm vjvk kg kslcskz jgtkrgc, su nmdmr prm`ugnm dm dcgzc c qukrkr lmgtrmdcr fulems rklursms clmg lmstc nkkamæstcs, mtrcs pkrsmgcs. cdaujkg rklursms fctkrjcdks jgks clcpcrcLucgnm y akgkrc kslcskzlmgtrmdc kg mtrcsfulems pkrsmgcs. -------------------------------?>

 

J. KD ÊUJ^M Z DC Y_MA_ Y_MA_CFCLJÜG CFCLJÜG KG DM\ DÆNK_K\

Fulems pmdætjlms y cnfjgjstrcnmrks pøodjlms ouslcg cprmvklecrsk nk sus pmsjljmgks nk djnkrczam, rkspmgscojdjncn y tmfc nk nkljsjmgks pcrc lmgtrmdcr c mtrms, pcrc motkgkr njgkrm quk gm dks lmrrkspmgnk y pcrc pkrpktucrsk kg sus rmdks. Kstcs pkrsmgcs vjvkg kg ugc kslcskz jgtkrgc prm`ugnc quk dcs jfpudsc c ddkgcr sus vclæms lmg kdkfkgtms kxtkrgms fãs cddã nk dms quk motjkgkg lmg su pcam fkgsucd kstcodkljnm pmr dc dky. Cdaugms tkrrjtmrjms ecg kstcnm kg lmg`djltm nurcgtk fjdks nk cóms, pmr khkfpdm kg kd lcsm nkd Fknjm Mrjkgtk. Kgtrk fulems ecojtcgtks nk kstcs zmgcs prk vcdklk ug skgtjnm nk —kslcskz nk dc tjkrrc prmfktjnc‖ m —tjkrrc scarcnc‖ y ecg pkdkcnm pmr kddc nurcgtk dcram tjkfpm. Kg dc rkdjajüg lctüdjlc sk knulc cd gjóm ecljêgnmdk lrkkr quk tmnms gclkfms lmg kd pklcnm mrjajgcd, dm quk gms akgkrc ug sjagj`jlcnm nk kslcskz jgtkrgc prm`ugnc ocscnc kg dc ludpc, kg duacr nk kgskócr quk gclkfms ddkgms nk cougncgljc jgtkrgc puks prmvkgjfms njrkltcfkgtk nk dc `ukgtk Lrkcnmrc. Kd skr eufcgm lcrklk, kg rkcdjncn, nk fuy pmlcs lmscs, yc quk GM gklksjtcfms tcgtm pcrc skr `kdjlks y smorkvjvjr. \jg kfocram, c dm dcram nk dc vjnc gms  vcg lmgstruykgnm dc jnkc nk quk lcrklkfms nk fulecs lmscs pcrc smorkvjvjr y skr `kdjlks, rklmgmljnms y clkptcnms. Lrkkfms quk pcrc skr `kdjlks gklksjtcfms nkfcsjcnm cdjfkgtm, kd ødtjfm lkdudcr, dms zcpctms nk fmnc, fulems njpdmfcs nk ugjvkrsjncn y ug cutm ajacgtkslm quk lmgsufc nkfcsjcnc acsmdjgc. Gms vkgnkg dc jnkc, c trcvês nkd fcrbktjga , nk quk gklksjtcfms dc ødtjfc dmljüg pcrc lmgqujstcr c ugc fuhkr y rkprmnuljrgms, y fulems mohktms, kgtrk kddms ugc lmfputcnmrc søpkr sm`jstjlcnc pcrc prmnuljr fkhmrks nmlufkgtms y skr prmfmljmgcnms kg dc kfprksc. Kg fulems lcsms dcs kfprkscs gms ecg akgkrcnm fulecs gklksjncnks y nkspuês gms prkskgtcg dc arcg smduljüg pcrc kstcs8 sus prmnultms y skrvjljms. Jgldusm kg tkfcs nk scdun tcfojêg ecg ouslcnm prmarcfcrgms pcrc eclkrgms lrkkr quk gklksjtcfms fulecs vclugcs, ½kg skrjm= [g arcvk krrmr, kg rkcdjncn GM dcs gklksjtcfms. Lmg ugc oukgc cdjfkgtcljüg y fcgkhcgnm cnklucncfkgtk gukstrm sjstkfc kfmljmgcd gm tkgkfms pmr quê kg`krfcrgms, y sj dm eclkfms dm pmnkfms lmgtrcrrkstcr c trcvês nk ug sjstkfc jgfugmdüajlm `ukrtk nkscrrmddcnm c pcrtjr nk oukgms eãojtms cdjfkgtjljms. Dc gcturcdkzc ks kd fkhmr omtjquæg. ½Luãd `uk dc ødtjfc mlcsjüg kg quk kd nmltmr tk rklmfkgnü ugc smduljüg lmgsjstkgtk kg `rutcs, arcgms, skfjddcs y vkrnurcs= Ks lurjmsm, c dms kstunjcgtks kg `mrfcljüg fênjlc dks kgskócg cdaugms prjgljpjms ejpmlrãtjlms, pkrm gm cqukddms cdrknknmr nk dc rkdcljüg kgtrk scdun y gcturcdkzc. Ejpülrctks, `cfmsm fênjlm quk  vjvjü kgtrk kd >09 y kd emrcs nkd næc, dms 1 næcs nk dc skfcgc8 kg lcnc clljüg, kg lcnc cltjvjncn dcomrcd, kg lcnc fkgschk nk Qectscpp, kg lcnc lmgvkrscljüg lmg gukstrc `cfjdjc y kg lcnc pdcg kstrctêajlm quk nkscrrmddkfms. \k rkqujkrk ugc scojnuræc kspjrjtucd fãs prãltjlc pcrc dms tjkfpms cltucdks, lmglkojnc cpdjlcnc nk tcd [gc fcgkrc qukarcgnks gm kgtrknkuncs kg lmg`djltm lmg ugc vjnc njagc fctkrjcd y ytkrrkgcdfkgtk. nk dcs nk dcs rkdjajmgks, lmgark-

;9

 

JJ. DM\ Y_MODKFC\ Y_MODKFC\ CL^[CDK\ NK DC E[FCGJNCN Z DC GKLK\JNCN NK [GC K\YJ _J^[CDJNCN Y_ÃL^JLC  Y_ÃL^JLC 

acljmgks y fêtmnms kspjrjtucdks, ks kgskócr pcrc dc vjnc njcrjc. [g amokrgcnmr m prksjnkgtk quk vcg c fjsc nkokræcg skr lcpclks nk cpdjlcr kg su næc c næc dcs kgskócgzcs cddæ rkljojncs. [g kfprkscrjm quk vc pkrjünjlcfkgtk cd tkfpdm m prcltjlc tmnms dms vjkrgks kd secoct nkokræc cpdjlcr kg lcnc gkamljcljüg dcs vjrtunks kspjrjtucdks nk dcs quk dk ecodcg kg sus rjtucdks rkdjajmsms. [gc pkrsmgc quk prcltjlc ymac, gm nkokræc djfjtcrsk c eclkr khkrljljms lmrpmrcdks sjgm c vjvjr ugc  vjnc akgujgcfkgtk ymaujlc. Lmvcnmgac Yêrkz-Dmzcgc, cutmrc nkd djorm Cprkgnjkgnm c Cfcr   y lmg`krkgljstc jgtkrgcljmgcd kg tkfcs nk kspjrjtucdjncn y smork kd pmnkr lrkcnmr nkd skr eufcgm, lmfpcrtjü lmgfjam su pkrspkltjvc nk dc Jgtkdjakgljc Kspjrjtucd cpdjlcnc cd djnkrczam, nurcgtk su kstcgljc kg dc Ljuncn nk Fêxjlm kg hudjm nkd ?931. ^rcs ecokr vjvjnm kd fugnm lmrpmrctjvm nurcgtk 3; cóms kg vcrjms pcæsks nk Kurmpc, fk lmfpcrtjü su`crfclêutjlm vjsjüg8 Fulems dænkrks sjaukg kg`rcslcnms kg lmglkptms k jnkmdmaæcs fuy cgtjaucs nkd lcpjtcdjsfm y kd smljcdjsfm, nk nkrklec k jzqujkrnc, lucgnm tmncs kddcs yc ecg nkfmstrcnm skr ug `rclcsm lucgnm sk cpdjlcg nk fcgkrc kxtrkfc. Ks emrc nk quk dms dænkrks csufcg ugc vjsjüg fmnkrgc k jnkmdmaæcs quk rkcdfkgtk pukncg cpdjlcr, ocscncs kg dc tmdkrcgljc `rkgtk c dcs nj`krkgljcs, nk cfmr c tmncs dcs lrkkgljcs, nk eufcgjsfm y nk kspjrjtucdjncn prãltjlc… ugc vjsjüg quk sk puknc fctkrjcdjzcr y quk lmfjkglk pmr kddms fjsfms. Cdaugms amokrgcgtks fkhmr pmdætjlc ks qujtcrdk q ujtcrdk dms rjlms pcrc ncrdk c dms pmorks.sjaukg Lrkkgpkgscgnm quk tmnmsquk dms dc kfprkscrjms smg fcdms y quk q ukc tmnms dms pmorks qujkrkg quj krkg njgkrm sjg ks`ukrzm. Z kstãg kqujvmlcnms, puks su vjsjüg ks fjmpk y sk ocsc kg dc jgtmdkrcgljc. Gklksjtcfms amokrgcgtks amokrgcgtks quk skpcg qquk uk dc cougncgljc sk ouslc nkgtrm y quk gm sk njstrjouyk nk fcgkrc ãljd y ugj`mrfk c`ukrc. Ks emrc nk vjvjr y nj`ugnjr ugc vjsjüg lmekrkgtk y prãltjlc quk `usjmgk dm fkhmr quk Kurmpc cpmrtc nkd fctkrjcdjsfm y dm fkhmr quk q uk kd fugnm nk dcs ljvjdjzcljmgks mrjajgcdks nk Cfêrjlc cpmrtcg smork dc kspjrjtucdjncn y kd lujncnm c dc Fcnrk ^jkrrc.

;3

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

\k rkqujkrk ugc fcymr lmgsljkgljc pcrc kstcr kg lcpcljncn nk kvmlcr rkcdfkgtk kd pmnkr nk dc scojnuræc kspjrjtucd. Fulems uscg kd lmgmljfjkgtm kspjrjtucd pcrc clrklkgtcr su kam tkrrkgcd, skgtjrsk —jdufjgcnms‖ y lmg ksk craufkgtm cprmvklecrsk nk mtrms, lmgtrmdcr, nmfjgcr. Kstm, quk sulknk tcgtm kg kd jgtkrjmr nk dcs hkrcrquæcs rkdjajmscs lmfm kg `rctkrgjncnks m lmgarkacljmgks nk lmrtk eufcgjstc-kspjrjtucd, klec cochm lucdqujkr jgtkgljüg cfmrmsc kg kd usm nk su lmgmljfjkgtm. [gm nk dms prjfkrms prjgljpjms nk lucdqujkr `jdmsm`æc kspjrjtucd ks prkljscfkgtk rkspktcr kd djork cdoknræm nk dms nkfãs y skr eufjdnk lmg kd lmgmljfjkgtm, prjgljpjm quk fulems kg kstms lcfjgms gm dmarcg pmgkr kg prãltjlc. ------------------------------- Dms prjfkrms dænkrks quk nkokg skr khkfpdm nk eufjdncn, hustjljc, hustjljc, emgkstjncn, trcgspcrkgljc y rkspktm pmr kd djork cdoknræm nk dms nkfãs, smg prkljscfkgtk qujkgks kstãg kg pmsjljmgks nk cdtm rcgam  kg mracgjzcljmgks rkdjajmscs, `rctkrgjncnks,

lmgarkacljmgks lmgarkacljm gks y arupms quk q -------------------------------uk ouslcg kd nkscrrmddm c pcrtjr nkd lmgmljfjkgtm kspjrjtucd.

Dc arcg tkgtcljüg nk dc cfojljüg, lmfm jgstjgtm oãsjlm nkd KAM, rktc lmgstcgtkfkgtk c dms dænkrks kg kstk pdcgktc. Kd skr eufcgm ec lrkljnm pkgscnm quk kg sus akgks ddkvc dc gklksjncn nk lmgqujstcr, nmfjgcr, lmgtrmdcr y clufudcr, lucgnm kg rkcdjncn dm quk ecojtc kg dm prm`ugnm nk su lmrczüg ks kd jgstjgtm nk smorkvjvjr, lmfpcrtjr, trcslkgnkr y skr `kdjz. Kd arcg krrmr ks lrkkr quk kd lcfjgm pcrc smorkvjvjr, trcslkgnkr y skr `kdjz kfpjkzc pmr lmgqujstcr, nmfjgcr, lmgtrmdcr y clufudcr. Arcg rkspmgscodk nk kstk krrmr ks dc knulcljüg, tcgtm kg kd sjstkfc knulctjvm lmfm kg kd ãfojtm `cfjdjcr `c fjdjcr y smljcd. Fulecs pkrsmgcs nk pmnkr y rkspmgscojdjncn kg lcfpms l mfm lmfm kd `jgcgljkrm, kd dkacd mkg kd pmsjljmgks auokrgcfkgtcd ecg ekrkncnm sus pmsjljmgks pmr dkacnm `cfjdjcr m pmr skr pcrtk nk ug arupm nk jgtkrês, prjvcnm m pøodjlm. Fulems ecg lrkljnm njstcgljcnms nk dc rkcdjncn nk dms ljuncncgms, kglkrrcnms kg sus fcgsjmgks, csjstjkgnm c kslukdcs udtrc-prjvcncs, rmnkcnms nk skrvjnufork y lmg ug lcfjgm yc nk`jgjnm pmr sus pcnrks y auæcs, jgldusm nksnk cgtks nk gclkr. Kstk sjstkfc kg kd quk ecg gcljnm y lrkljnm dks ec jfpknjnm vjvjr nksnk kd lmrczüg, pcdpcr dms skgtjfjkgtms nk dms skrks eufcgms c qujkgks sus kfprkscs y amojkrgms nkokræcg skrvjr, y nk eklem, kg akgkrcd, pmlm vjvkg su kspjrjtucdjncn. Z kg  vjstc nk quk q uk pcrc quk ugc pkrsmgc puknc vjvjr c prm`ugnjncn su kspjrjtucdjncn y puknc pmgkrdc kg prãltjlc nkok prjfkrm lmgmlkrsk c sæ fjsfc, pcrc kstk cutmlmgmljfjkgtm ks lruljcd quk puknc sus prm`ugnc ekrfcgms,kslcskz, c sus mtrms —ymks‖,quk kg kspkljcd c pkrsmgcs eufjdnks quk lmgmlkr vjvkg kgcugc c pkrsmgcs

;?

 

JJ. DM\ Y_MODKFC\ Y_MODKFC\ CL^[CDK\ NK DC E[FCGJNCN Z DC GKLK\JNCN NK [GC K\YJ _J^[CDJNCN Y_ÃL^JLC  Y_ÃL^JLC 

ddmrcg y su`rkg pmr tkgkr c sus ejhms kg`krfms y gm tkgkr cllksm c fknjljgcs, cauc djfpjc y cdjfkgtms. -------------------------------\üdm kstcgnm kg lmgtcltm lmg dc rkcdjncn nurc nkd fugnm pmnkfms skgsjojdjzcrgms kg lucgtm c dm quk smfms kg rkcdjncn. Kstm gms pkrfjtjrã vjvjr lmg fcymr

lmgarukgljc gukstrc kspjrjtucdjncn y csufjr lcocdfkgtk dc arcg rkspmgscojdjncn rkspmgscojdjncn quk jfpdjlcg dcs pmsjljmgks nk djnkr djnkrczam. czam. --------------------------------

Lmg ocsk kg dm njlem prkvjcfkgtk, lkdkorm c dms dænkrks quk fmtjvcg c sus lmdcomrcnmrks pcrc quk m`rkzlcg >-; emrcs nk skrvjljm smljcd cd fks, c trcvês nk cdaugc `ugncljüg prmpjc m c trcvês nk mtrc mracgjzcljüg yc kstcodkljnc. Lkdkorm c qujkgks tcgtm kddms lmfm sus `cfjdjcs lmgtrjouykg akgkrmscfkgtk gm südm lmg njgkrm pcrc cyuncr c lcuscs smljcdks, sjgm lmg su tjkfpm, quk jgvmdulrcrsk njrkltcfkgtk kgrjquklk fãs quk südm ncr njgkrm. Z ddcfm c dcycrk`dkxjüg c qujkgks südm cprmvklecg dcs kstrulturcs `jslcdks kxjstkgtks pcrc kvcnjr jfpukstms fjkgtrcs nmgcg njgkrm, m c qujkgks nmgcg cdam pcrc duljrsk y sctjs`clkr su kam. Eclk ugms ?099 cóms, lkrlc nk dcs fmgtcócs nk dms Ejfcdcycs, gcljü ug skr eufcgm quk lcfojcræc dc ejstmrjc y dc `mrfc nk pkgscr nk ojddmgks nk pkrsmgcs c dm dcram nk dms sjadms. Gcljü nkgtrm nk dms dæfjtks nk ug pcdcljm puks krc ug prægljpk nk dcs tjkrrcs secbycs. \k dk knulü cdkhcnm nk dcs rkcdjncnks nk dc lmfugjncn quk sus pcnrks amokrgcocg, pmr kd nkskm nk su pcnrk nk prmtkakrdm y kvjtcr quk su`rjkrc, sk kg`krfcrc y lmgtcfjgcrc sus pkgscfjkgtms. \jg kfocram, kd prægljpk krc lurjmsm y kg su huvkgtun nkljnjü lmfkgzcr c scdjr nkd pcdcljm c ncr vukdtcs lmfugjncn, pcrcc ug dm lucd dk pjnjü cyuncy cnksug lmlekrm. Kg su prjfkrc scdjncpmr nkd dcpcdcljm kglmgtrü emfork cgljcgm luorjü dm quk krc dc vkhkz. Kg su skaugnc scdjnc vjm c ug emfork fuy kg`krfm y nksluorjü dc kg`krfkncn. Kg su tkrlkrc scdjnc prkskgljü ugcs emgrcs `øgkorks y nksluorjü kd sjagj`jlcnm nk dc fukrtk y dc lmgamhc nk dms skrks qukrjnms. Kg su lucrtc scdjnc lmgmljü c ug emfork oukgm quk joc nk lcsc kg lcsc sjrvjkgnm c dms nkfãs y nksluorjü dm quk sjagj`jlcoc eclkr kd ojkg sjg gjgaøg jgtkrês pkrsmgcd. Ocstcrmg kstcs luctrm scdjncs pcrc nkspkrtcr cd prægljpk nkd dktcram kg kd quk kstcoc, lmfprkgnkr quk dc vjnc krc k`æfkrc, quk dcs pkrsmgcs tkgæcg su`rjfjkgtms, quk dms cltms nk oukgc `k ` k y cfmr krcg pmsjodks y quk su prmpjm lmrczüg tkgæc skgtjfjkgtms fãs c cddã nk dc vjnc lüfmnc quk tkgæc nkgtrm nkd pcdcljm. Fmvjnm pmr su lmgsljkgljc y su lmrczüg, êd jgtkrprktü pcrc lmfmnksluorjrsk ug ddcfcnm, quk cocgnmgcr pcrc sjkfprk su pcdcljmquk y lmfmnjncnks c sætuvm fjsfm,

;<

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

su rczüg nk vjvjr y su vmlcljüg nk kxjstjr. Csæ quk ljkrtm næc, c sus ?: cóms, oksü c su kspmsc k ejhm quk kstcocg nmrfjnms, y cgtks nk quk scdjkrc kd smd lruzü kd uforcd nk sus tkrrjtmrjms pcrc jgtkrgcrsk kg kd Omsquk nkd Gmrtk nk dm quk emy ks dc Jgnjc. \u jgtkgljüg krc lmfprkgnkr kd fugnm kxtkrjmr, pkrm smork tmnm su fugnm jgtkrjmr. Nkspuês nk vcrjms cóms nk prjvcljmgks y fknjtcljmgks prm`ugncs, cdlcgzü dc jdufjgcljüg, dc pdkgjtun jgtkrgc, dc lmgkxjüg pkrfcgkgtk lmg Njms. Kstk emfork `uk \jnnecrtc Acutcfc, c qujkg emy lmgmlkfms lmfm Ounc (quk sjagj`jlc —nkspjkrtm‖ m —jdufjgcnm‖). C dm dcram nk fjdks nk cóms, fjddmgks nk pkrsmgcs sk ecg skgtjnm nklkpljmgcncs pmr njvkrscs lmrrjkgtks `jdmsü`jlcs, kspjrjtucdks y mracgjzcljmgks rkdjajmscs. Ldcrm, tmncs dcs lmrrjkgtks smg `cdjodks yc quk kstãg lmg`mrfcncs pmr skrks eufcgms y kstms pmr nk`jgjljüg smg vudgkrcodks, csæ quk nk ugc fcgkrc u mtrc ecg njstcgljcnm c fulems pmtkgljcdks skaujnmrks. [gc nk dcs prjgljpcdks rczmgks pcrc quk kstm sulknc ec sjnm dc pmlc prcltjljncn m cpdjlcojdjncn nk sus prklkptms y kgskócgzcs, kg kspkljcd mracgjzcljmgks kg kd fugnm kg quk vjvjfms. Fulecs njsljpdjgcs, y fktmnmdmaæcs `ukrmg lrkcncs pcrc mtrms tjkfpms, fuy nj`krkgtks c dms cltucdks. Kg kd pcscnm krc `ãljd jr c ugc fmgtcóc m cd nksjkrtm c vjvjr ugc kxpkrjkgljc nk nkspkrtcr lmg ug fckstrm m auæc, fjkgtrcs quk emy dcs pkrsmgcs qujkrkg vjvjr rktjrms lmfpdktms væc mgdjgk. Kg kd pcscnm dcs nmltrjgcs rkdjajmscs sk jfpmgæcg c dms cnmdkslkgtks y hüvkgks sjg quk kstms sk mpusjkrcg tcgtm, fjkgtrcs quk emy kddms dm lukstjmgcg tmnm (y kstã ojkg quk prmlkncg csæ kg khkrljljm nk su djokrtcn). Dc vkrtjlcdjncn nk dcs rkdjajmgks (\clkrnmtk, Mojspm, Lcrnkgcd, Lcrnkgcd prjfcnm, Ycpc) ks cdam nkd pcscnm. Emy dcs pkrsmgcs qujkrkg kgvjcrdk ug lmrrkm kdkltrügjlm cd fjsfæsjfm Lcrnkgcd, m jgldusm cd Ycpc, pcrc prkskgtcr ugc qukhc m cldcrcr cdaugc nunc. Kd fjsfm Ycpc yc kgvæc fkgschks pmr ^wjttkr @clkommb. Cgtks ecoæc ugm kg m nms  vjvjr tu kspjrjtucdjncn2 emy ecy ykslukdcs, fckstrms y lmcleks lcnclcfjgms ksqujgc.pcrc Kg kd pcscnm krc `ãljd mludtcr dcs fcdcs lmgnultcs nk cdaugms rkprkskgtcgtks nk mracgjzcljmgks rkdjajmscs m `jdmsü`jlcs, pkrm emy ks lcsj jfpmsjodk. Cgtks sk csufæc quk ecoæc ugc smdc `mrfc nk cpdjlcr dcs kgskócgzcs y fcgtkgkrtk lmgarukgtk lmg tus vcdmrks. Emy sk prkskgtcg fulecs mpljmgks y lcnc luãd cpdjlc sus vjrtunks nk ugc fcgkrc pkrsmgcdjzcnc. Dms tjkfpms ecg lcfojcnm fulem, y gm südm dcs mracgjzcljmgks tjkgkg quk fmnkrgjzcrsk, sjgm kd dkgauchk, dcs `mrfcs, dms fêtmnms y dms fknjms tjkgkg quk skr cncptcnms. Lucgnm kstm gm sulknk, nk jgfknjctm dcs pkrsmgcs ouslcg mtrm lcfjgm pcrc cprkgnkr y vjvjr vjvjr su kspjrjtucdjncn. M fulems sjfpdkfkgtk cdkhcg nk pdcgm nk tmnms kddms. Emy kgcnæc, csæ lmfm ugc pkrsmgc puknk lcfojcrsknk lcrrkrc, nk lcsc, m jgldusm lcfojcr ødtjfc emrc su nkstjgm nk

;>

 

JJ. DM\ Y_MODKFC\ Y_MODKFC\ CL^[CDK\ NK DC E[FCGJNCN Z DC GKLK\JNCN NK [GC K\YJ _J^[CDJNCN Y_ÃL^JLC  Y_ÃL^JLC 

 vclcljmgks, tcfojêg puknk lcfojcr nk rkdjajüg, nk kslukdc `jdmsü`jlc m nk nmafc kspjrjtucd. Lrkm quk fulecs nk kstcs jgstjtuljmgks quk prmfukvkg dms tkfcs trcslkgnkgtks smg gklkscrjcs emy pcrc dc smljkncn y quk lucgnm ecy kg kddcs skrks eufcgms nkljnjnms c trcochcr lmg scojnuræc y ecojdjncn nksnk dc lmgkxjüg lmg kd pdcgm vkrncnkrcfkgtk kspjrjtucd, kstcrãg kg lcpcljncn nk prmpmgkr fkhmrcs y nk jfpudscr c sus jgstjtuljmgks nk clukrnm lmg dcs pmsjojdjncnks quk m`rklkg dms tjkfpms cltucdks. -------------------------------^mnm cprkgnjzchk, cprkgnjzchk, sj gm sk pmgk kg prãltjlc, sk quknc tcg südm kg jg`mrfcljüg y gm sk lmgvjkrtk kg scojnuræc.  ^mnc scojnuræc, pcrc quk sk lmgvjkrtc kg eãojtm eãojtm y `mrfc nk vjnc, tjkgk quk skr cpdjlcodk kg dc lmtjnjcgjncn . --------------------------------

Dc arcg nkunc lmg gukstrc Fcnrk ^jkrrc Kg dc cltucdjncn sk ddkvcg c lcom fjdks nk prmykltms quk cfkgczcg sjtjms gcturcdks lmgsjnkrcnms scarcnms pmr dms pukodms jgnæakgcs. Nurcgtk kd ?931 lmfkgzcrmg dms trcochms pcrc jgjljcr dc kgmrfk prksc Dcs Lrulks kg kd kstcnm nk Gcycrjt kg Fêxjlm. \k kstjfc quk nkstrujrã sjtjms scarcnms y lkrkfmgjcdks nk dcs lmfugjncnks Gãycrj, Lmrc y Eujlemdks (cugquk fk austc fãs kd têrfjgm Qjrrãrjbcs, pukstm quk eujlemd vjkgk nk eujnjzm, ocutjzcnms csæ pmr dms kspcómdks quk dms pkrskauæcg). Dc Cfczmgæc, kd fcymr pudfüg nkd fugnm, tjkrrc nk ljkgtms nk lmfugjncnks jgnæakgcs “cdaugcs nk dcs lucdks hcfãs ecg tkgjnm lmgtcltm lmg kd emfork fmnkrgm“, ug kspcljm kg nmgnk ecojtc ugc kgmrfk njvkrsjncn nk kspkljks nk `dmrc y `cugc gm kxjstkgtks kg gjgaugc mtrc pcrtk nkd fugnm, sk kglukgtrc lmgstcgtkfkgtk cfkgczcnc pmr jgtkrksks jgtkrgcljmgcdks. Dms nkstrmzms quk mlcsjmgcg qujkgks prktkgnkg skforcr pdcgtcs lmfm dc pcdfc c`rjlcgc, nk dc quk sk kxtrck ug clkjtk pcrc lmljgc fuy klmgüfjlm (pkrm cdtcfkgtk gmljvm pcrc dc scdun ugc vkz quk ks lcdkgtcnm), sk sufcg c dms nkstrmzms mlcsjmgcnms pmr dms acgcnkrms quk gklksjtcg tjkrrc pcrc pcstmrkm, csæ lmfm c dms prmnuljnms pmr dcs ocgncs dmlcdks quk tcdcg jdkacdfkgtk ãromdks kg dc zmgc. [gc smdc ocgnc quk `uk lcpturcnc kg kd ?930 pmr cutmrjncnks orcsjdkócs, tcdcoc jdkacdfkgtk 9 ekltãrkcs skfcgcdks nk omsquk pcrc motkgkr fcnkrc. Ljkgtms nk kspkljks sk kstãg kxtjgaujkgnm pmr kstms eklems y pmlms dænkrks auokrgcfkgtcdks dkvcgtcg dc vmz, puks nk eklem

;;

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

fulems kstãg jgvmdulrcnms kg ksk tjpm nk sjtucljmgks. Lrkm prm`ugncfkgtk kg kd nkscrrmddm nk dcs gcljmgks, kg ouslcr ug cufkgtm kg kd prmnultm jgtkrgm orutm, pkrm lrkm quk sk nkok dmarcr dc crfmgæc kgtrk dms jgtkrksks lmrpmrctjvms, auokrgcfkgtcdks y dmlcdks, csæ lmfm kd rkspktm pkrfcgkgtk c dc Fcnrk ^jkrrc. Gcnjk pmnrã vjvjr cquæ sj lmgtjgøc kd nktkrjmrm nkd fknjm cfojkgtk. Arcgnks pkdjarms c`rmgtcg emy tcfojêg dms lmrcdks, dms lucdks smg kskgljcdks pcrc dc kstcojdjncn nk dms klmsjstkfcs yc quk akgkrcg ug ocdcglk kg dc vjnc fcrjgc. \k lrkk quk kd 1;% nk dms crrklj`ks nk lmrcd nkd fugnm kstãg cfkgczcnms cltucdfkgtk. Dcs fcdcs prãltjlcs nk pkslc, kd nkspdczcfjkgtm sjg lmgtrmd nk ocrlms nk arcg lcdcnm, dms nksklems jgnustrjcdks fcd cnfjgjstrcnms y dcs ocsurcs quk vcg c ncr cd fcr, cugc cugc-nm tmnm kstm cd ochm jgtkrês nk arcg pcrtk nk dcs mracgjzcljmgks fugnjcdks, kstãg ecljkgnm quk kstms nkscpcrkzlcg. -------------------------------Emy fãs quk q uk guglc gklksjtcfms Eêrmks Pkrnks, fuhkrks y emforks nk`kgsmrks nk`kgsmrks nk dc Fcnrk ^jkrrc. -------------------------------Kd lcdkgtcfjkgtm admocd ks ug eklem jgkdunjodk, cugquk cdaugms pmdætjlms y dænkrks prktkgncg fjgjfjzcrdm. Kd usm nk lmfoustjodks `üsjdks quk lcdjkgtcg kd cjrk quk suok c dc ctfüs`krc kstã akgkrcgnm arcgnks lcfojms kg kd ldjfc, nkskstcojdjzcgnm lmg kddm dc vjnc kg kd pdcgktc. Arcgnks skquæcs kstãg czmtcgnm c dc eufcgjncn, ecljkgnm fãs nj`æljd dc sjkforc y acgcnkræc kg fulems pcæsks. Dcs tmrfkgtcs sk ecg vukdtm fãs jgtkgscs y fãs vjncs eufcgcs kstãg rkldcfcgnm. Dms adcljcrks sk kstãg nkrrjtjkgnm nkojnm c dcs cdtcs tkfpkrcturcs nk dc ctfüs`krc y nk dms fcrks, dm quk kstã cfkgczcgnm c fulecs kspkljks fcrjgcs y kd eãojtct nk mtrms cgjfcdks quk ecojtcg kg kscs zmgcs. \k tjkgk prkvjstm quk kd fcr cufkgtcrã su gjvkd kg vcrjms lkgtæfktrms kg dcs prüxjfcs nêlcncs, akgkrcgnm fcymrks nj`jludtcnks kg dcs lmstcs. Ymr tmnm kstm, dms cdjfkgtms ecg kslcskcnm y sk ecg  vukdtm fãs lcrms, akgkrcgnm fcymr pmorkzc y khkrljkgnm fãs prksjüg smork dms prksupukstms gcljmgcdks, yc nk pmr sj fkgaucnms pmr dcs prãltjlcs nk jgk`jljkgljc y lmrrupljüg nk dms amojkrgms.

-------------------------------—Jfcaægctk ug kgmrfk cstkrmjnk quk q uk sk kglukgtrc kg trcykltmrjc nnjrkltc jrkltc ecljc dc ^jkrrc. Ksk ks kd kqujvcdkgtk c dm quk q uk cfkgczc c dc ^jkrrc cltucdfkgtk. Z sjg kfocram, nuncfms kg eclkr cdam. Ks jgfmrcd nkhcrdk c dcs gukvcs akgkrcljmg akgkrcljmgks ks ug sjstkfc ldjfãtjlm `ukrc `ukrc nk lmgtrmd, hustm lmfm kstcfms c pugtm nk eclkrdm‖.  Hcfks Ecgskg, ldjfctüdmam, [gjvkrsjncn nk Lmdufojc --------------------------------

;0

 

JJ. DM\ Y_MODKFC\ Y_MODKFC\ CL^[CDK\ NK DC E[FCGJNCN Z DC GKLK\JNCN NK [GC K\YJ _J^[CDJNCN Y_ÃL^JLC  Y_ÃL^JLC 

Kd emfork fmnkrgm, kd nk dc ljuncn arcgnk, pmr dm akgkrcd kstã njstcgtk nk dc Fcnrk ^jkrrc, dc Yclecfcfc, nk dc quk motkgkfms gukstrc vjnc y gukstrms cdjfkgtms. Dms pukodms jgnæakgcs, quk kg su fcymræc ecoæcg dmarcnm vjvjr kg crfmgæc lmg kddc, ecg sjnm nkspdczcnms, fjgjfjzcnms y pmlm kslulecnms. Dms pukodms Dcbmtc nk Kstcnms [gjnms ecg rkldcfcnm pmr nklkgcs nk cóms kd nkrklem c dcs tjkrrcs kg dcs quk vjvkg, hustj`jlcgnm quk dc tjkrrc ks nk tmnms y ecy quk lujncrdc, y kg lcfojm Nmgcdn ^rufp, kg lucgtm tmfü pmsksjüg nk dc prksjnkgljc nk Kstcnms [gjnms, cutmrjzü dc lmgstrulljüg nk nms mdkmnultms quk tkrfjgcrãg pmr nkstrmzcr kstcs tjkrrcs scarcncs. -------------------------------Kg gukstrc êpmlc cltucd nk lrjsjs smljcd y klmdüajlc, dc eufcgjncn tjkgk dc fjsjüg nk ouslcr gukvcs `mrfcs nk cvcgzcr, smduljmgcgnm prmodkfcs sjg lrkcr gukvms. Kg kd pcscnm ekfms ouslcnm cvcgzcr pkrm ekfms lrkcnm tklgmdmaæcs quk ecg c`kltcnm kd pdcgktc, lmfm cqukddcs quk q uk uscg acsmdjgc y lmgtcfjgcg kd fknjm cfojkgtk. [gc nk dcs  `mrfcs nk eclkr kstm ks tmfcr kg lukgtc lukgtc dc scojnuræc nk arupms gctjvms quk pmr fjdks nk cóms sk ecg jgtkrrkdcljmgcnm lmg dc Gcturcdkzc kg dm æsjlm y kg dm kspjrjtucd. C pkscr nk quk dcs prãltjlcs nk dcs nj`krkgtks nj`krkgtks lmfugjncnks smg fuy njvkrscs, tmncs pkrsjaukg kd fjsfm mohktjvm, y tmncs tjkgkg tj kgkg cdam quk kgskócrgms smork dc rkn scarcnc nk dc vjnc, nk dc quk tmnms smfms pcrtk y kg dc qquk uk kstcfms jgfkrsms. Dc [gjjlcljüg \carcnc m dc ^mtcdjncn Njvjgc ks pcrc gmsmtrms dc lmgsjnkrcljüg nk quk tmnm dm Lrkcnm ks pcrtk nk ug tmnm y ks scarcnm, nk quk pdcgtcs, cgjfcdks y eufcgms smfms pcrtks jaucdks nk ug tmnm, y quk kd Arcg Kspærjtu prmvkk nk kgkraæc y vjnc c lcnc kdkfkgtm nk su Lrkcljüg. Z kstm nkok skr ug pugtm nk kg`mquk kg dc vjnc lmtjnjcgc nkd skr eufcgm. Ormmbk Fknjljgk Kcadk Yrcltjlcgtk, kstunjmsc y prkskrvcnmrc nkd lecfcgjsfm gmrtkcfkrjlcgm -------------------------------Ks emrc nk quk dænkrks kspjrjtucdfkgtk jgtkdjakgtks ecacg cdam pmr dc Fcnrk ^jkrrc. \jg kfocram, smg pmlms dms jgtkrkscnms kg lujncrdc y fulems dms jgtkrkscnms kg cprmvklecrsk nk kddc. Kg dc cltucdjncn ecy ugc lmfpktkgljc nk vcrjms lmgadmfkrcnms jgtkrgcljmgcdks pmr lmgtrmdcr dcs skfjddcs nkd fugnm. \cokg quk nk lmgtrmdcr dcs skfjddcs lmgtrmdcrãg cd fugnm kg su tmtcdjncn, puks kg tcd lcsm tmnms tkgnræcg quk pcacrdks pmr tkgkr cllksm c dcs pctkgtks nk dcs skfjddcs akgêtjlcfkgtk fmnj`jlcncs m —fkhmrcncs‖. Emy kg næc kd 09% nk tmnc dc smyc skforcnc nkd fugnm ks nk kstk tjpm, csæ lmfm kd ? ojddmgks nk nüdcrks. Êd, nk mrjakg eufjdnk y quk nkhü su lcrrkrc ugjvkrsjtcrjc c fknjcs, qujkrk eclkr cdam pmsjtjvm lmg su rjqukzc, y pmr kddm `ugnü ug lcfpus nk jggmvcljmgks pcrc —scdvcr kd pdcgktc‖ cd quk dk ddcfc \tcak ? Jggmvctjmgs . Kg kstk lcfpus, ddkgm nk tkfãtjlcs8 ljkgtæ`jlms,scdun, jgakgjkrms y lrkctjvms smócnmrks, sk kg`mlcg kg trks arcgnks kgkraæc sustkgtcodk y cauc djfpjc. Fcgmh, quk kg sus êpmlcs nk huvkgtun pcsü dcrams pkrjmnms kg lmfugjncnks djnkrcncs pmr fmghks y kg csercfs (fmgcstkrjms kg nmgnk sk kgskóc dc trcnjljüg ejgnujstc), ec prmfktjnm jgvkrtjr kd ::% nk su `mrtugc kg jggmvcljmgks quk dk pkrfjtcg vjvjr fkhmr c dcs pmodcljmgks fãs eufjdnks nkd pdcgktc. [gc nk dcs prjfkrcs lrkcljmgks nk \tcak ? Jggmvctjmgs  ks   ks ugc ojljldktc `jhc quk cd pkncdkcrdc nurcgtk ugc emrc akgkrc y clufudc kgkraæc quk dk skrvjrã c ugc `cfjdjc ecstc pmr ?> emrcs. Kstk emfork kstã lmfprmfktjnm sjg nunc kg dc tcrkc nk jgvkrtjr kg arcgnks jggmvcljmgks quk pkrfjtcg c dms skrks ^jkrrcquk y prmtkakrdc. lmg êd, gm eufcgms ecy fkhmrlmkxjstjr jgvkrsjüglmg qukdcdcFcnrk quk cskaurk dcs `uturcsLmjgljnm akgkrcljmgks

;5

 

JJ. DM\ Y_MODKFC\ Y_MODKFC\ CL^[CDK\ NK DC E[FCGJNCN Z DC GKLK\JNCN NK [GC K\YJ _J^[CDJNCN Y_ÃL^JLC  Y_ÃL^JLC 

pukncg vjvjr kg crfmgæc y cougncgljc kg kstk Ydcgktc. ¡Kstk ks ug arcg khkfpdm nk lüfm ljkgljc, kfprksc-lcpjtcd prjvcnm y lmfugjncnks l mfugjncnks puknkg lmdcomrcr kg ouslcr arcgnks smduljmgks!

Jgtmdkrcgljc kgtrk lrknms y `jdmsm`æcs Dc `ukgtk nk tmnc aukrrc y nk tmnm lmg`djltm kgtrk dms skrks eufcgms ks dc jgtmdkrcgljc, kd nkskm nk jfpmgkr kg mtrms ugc lrkkgljc, nmafc, dky, ludturc m eãojtm. Arcgnks octcddcs sk ecg nksctcnm pmr kd nkskm nk ugms nk qukrkr smfktkr c mtrms y lmgtrmdcrdms ochm ugc `mrfc kspklæ`jlc nk vjvjr. Lmfm kg tmnc aukrrc, sk jfpmgk kd quk lukgtc lmg fãs rklursms, ctclc c su kgkfjam y dm smfktk. Jggufkrcodks  vjncs eufcgcs y arcgnks tksmrms nk lmgmljfjkgtm, scojnuræc y rjqukzc ludturcd ecg pmrquk dc dc jfpmsjljüg nk ugms smork Kgnmfjgcnmr fulems lcsms sjnm nkscpcrkljnm tcd kd fjknm nk ludturc nmfjgcnc rksurhc,mtrms. quk kd ddkacecc cgjqujdcr arcg pcrtk nk dcs lrkcljmgks y dkacnms nk su lmgtkgnmr. Ks trjstk vkr quk fulems hkrmadæ`jlms jgslrjtms kg dms tkfpdms kajpljms `ukrmg qukfcnms pmr dms mlupcgtks pmstkrjmrks. Nk jaucd fcgkrc dcs trjous nk pukodms mrjajgcdks nk dms Kstcnms [gjnms `ukrmg rkstrjgajncs c pkqukóms kspcljms akmarã`jlms. Nukdk vkr tcfojêg quk fulems pukodms mrjajgcdks nk Dctjgmcfêrjlc y su  vcstc scojnuræc smg fkgmsprkljcnms pmr pcrtk nk fulecs gcljmgks. Dc Ojodjmtklc nk Cdkhcgnræc, kg Kajptm, `uk scqukcnc k jglkgnjcnc pmr dcs trmpcs nk Hudjm Lêscr kg kd cóm >5 cgtks nk Lrjstm. Euom jgtkgtms pmr rklmgstrujrdc pkrm Curkdjcgm dc vmdvjü c nkstrujr kg kd ?1< nk gukstrc krc y pmstkrjmrfkgtk sulknjü dm fjsfm lmg Njmldkljcgm kg kdfcguslrjtms ?:1. Nkspuês N kspuêsquk nk sk kstkkstjfc tkrlkrecoæc ctcqukkgprãltjlcfkgtk nkscpcrkljkrmg dms :99.999 kstc arcg ojodjmtklc. Dms rmfcgms tkgæcg dc lmstufork nk jfpmgkr sus lrkkgljcs y fkgmsprkljcr dcs nk dms pukodms quk mlupcocg2 lrkæcg quk nk ksc fcgkrc nkojdjtcocg c dms ljuncncgms y kstms sk smfktkræcg fãs `ãljdfkgtk c sus lmgnjljmgks. Dms ãrcoks, kg kd sjadm PJJ, nurcgtk su mlupcljüg nk dcs tjkrrcs kajpljcs, lmgtjgucrmg dc dcomr nk nkstrulljüg nk dms rmfcgms, y smdcfkgtk nkhcrmg kg oukg kstcnm ugc pcrtk fuy pkqukóc nk dms tkfpdms nkd Cgtjaum Kajpljm. -------------------------------Dc jglcpcljncn nk ug pukodm nk rkspktcr y cnfjrcr dc jgnjvjnucdjncn nkd mtrm, ks ugc nk dcs prjgljpcdks lcuscs nk dcs arcgnks aukrrcs kg kd fugnm. --------------------------------

;:

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

Acgnej, ugm nk dms arcgnks dulecnmrks smljcdks nk tmnms dms tjkfpms, pkdkcoc pclæ`jlcfkgtk pmr kd pkrfjsm pcrc quk sus lmgljuncncgms prcltjlcrcg djorkfkgtk sus lrkkgljcs y rjtucdks. Êd njhm8 —Kd mnjm y dc jgtmdkrcgljc smg dms kgkfjams nkd lmrrkltm kgtkgnjfjkgtm. Dc jgtmdkrcgljc kg sæ fjsfc ks ugc `mrfc nk vjmdkgljc y ug mostãludm cd lrkljfjkgtm nkd vkrncnkrm kspærjtu nkfmlrãtjlm‖. Njhm cnkfãs8 —Ymnrãg kglcnkgcrfk, tmrturcrfk m nkstrujr kstk lukrpm, pkrm guglc kglcrlkdcrãg fj fkgtk‖. Êd jfpudsü nksnk dc pcz, dc tmdkrcgljc y kd cfmr, ug fmvjfjkgtm quk dmarü dc jgnkpkgnkgljc nk dc Jgnjc nkd nmfjgjm nkd _kjgm [gjnm kg 3:>5. Cøg kg dc cltucdjncn kxjstkg arcgnks `mrfcs nk jgtmdkrcgljc. Fulems ljkgtæ`jlms trctcg nk jfpmgkr sus pugtms nk vjstc smork mtrms lmdkacs quk ouslcg ugc  vjnc fãs kspjrjtucd, y tcfojêg ks `rklukgtk dm lmgtrcrjm8 lrkykgtks rkdjajmsms quk fkgmsprkljcg kd pkgscfjkgtm ljkgtæ`jlm. Kd emfork nk dc ljuncn y kd emfork nkd lcfpm sukdkg fkgmsprkljcrsk kgtrk sæ. Cdaugms prcltjlcgtks nk rkdjajmgks lrkcncs kg dms ødtjfms ?;99 cóms lmgsjnkrcg pcacgms m jagmrcgtks c fulems quk prcltjlcg lrkkgljcs cgtjaucsy ktcfojêg jgnæakgcs. Kd rjlm gm kgtjkgnk cd pmork kgpcnrks su vjsjüg nkd trcochm y kd njgkrm, sulknk nk fcgkrc jgvkrsc. Cdaugms ouslcg jfpmgkr sus pugtms nk vjstc smork sus ejhms, y fulems ejhms sk rkvkdcg y ddkacg c eclkr dm fjsfm lmg sus pcnrks. Kgtrk pmdætjlms ecy cdaugms clêrrjfms lcpjtcdjstcs quk nk`jkgnkg kd djork fkrlcnm y ouslcg lmgtrmdcr c dms smljcdjstcs, fjkgtrcs quk dms smljcdjstcs eclkg fcgj`kstcljmgks pcrc jfpmgkrsk cgtk dms nk nkrklec. Z, pmr fãs fmnkrgms quk dms tjkfpms skcg, sjaukg kxjstjkgnm dms emfm`üojlms y tcfojêg dms nk dc lmfugjncn dêsojlm-acy c qujkgks sk dks nj`jludtc kfpctjzcr lmg dms ektkrmskxucdks. Dc tmdkrcgljc ks ugc `ukgtk nk pcz, cgtk kd mtrm, pkrm tcfojêg cgtk tj fjsfm, kg tu jgtkrjmr. Dc tmdkrcgljc lmgddkvc dc cnfjrcljüg y dc lkdkorcljüg nk dc jgnj vjnucdjncn nkdpmrquk mtrm, ygms cd cnfjrcr y cd lkdkorcr cd mtrm y lkdkorcfms lcdoknræm. kdkorcfms c Njms lrkcnmr ejzm c tmnms nj`krkgtks y gmscnfjrcfms mtmraü djork Dc tmdkrcgljc ks ugc arcg ekrrcfjkgtc pcrc tmnm dænkr quk ouslc skr kspjrjtucdfkgtk jgtkdjakgtk y nk tmnm skr eufcgm quk qujkrk skr `kdjz. Dc tmdkrcgljc tk fmtjvc c kslulecr y lmgmlkr cd mtrm. Lmgmlkrdm tk pkrfjtk cfcrdm y cfcrdm tk pkrfjtk eclkr kqujpm lmg êd m kddc. Ymr kddm dc tmdkrcgljc tk pkrfjtk jgtkarcr arcgnks kqujpms y clkrlcrtk c arcgnks tcdkgtms. Kg fj lcfjgm nk rklmgkxjüg kspjrjtucd, quk sk jgjljü kg mltuork nkd ?93>, lmfm dm lukgtm kg fj djorm Dc Fmgtcóc  vmdufkg  vmdufkg J, nkljnæ vjvjr kg lcrgk prmpjc fulecs fktmnmdmaæcs, `jdmsm`æcs, rjtucdks y lrkkgljcs pmrquk scoæc quk nk tmncs pmnæc cprkgnkr fulem. Z csæ ec sjnm. Ek cprkgnjnm nk dms wjrrãrjbcs, csæ lmfm nk dms fcycs kg dcs skdvcs nkd surkstk fkxjlcgm y nk Auctkfcdc, nkd ounjsfm, kd  huncæsfm, dc Bcocdce y nkd lrjstjcgjsfm. ^cfojêg ^cfojêg nk fulecs fktmnmdmaæcs fktmnmdmaæcs ocsc-

09

 

JJ. DM\ Y_MODKFC\ Y_MODKFC\ CL^[CDK\ NK DC E[FCGJNCN Z DC GKLK\JNCN NK [GC K\YJ _J^[CDJNCN Y_ÃL^JLC  Y_ÃL^JLC 

ncs kg kd Zmac, nkd _kjbj y kd ^cjlej, nk dms Jsecycs y nk dms fmghks Okgknjltjgms. Jgldusm nk dms nkgmfjgcnms —ctkms‖ ek cprkgnjnm fulem. Emy sê quk dc tmdkrcgljc sk vjvk lucgnm ugm cprkgnk c lkdkorcrdm tmnm y c tmnms, y nk ksc fcgkrc ugm emgrc dc Lrkcljüg nk Njms. _kljkgtkfkgtk vjchê c Lejlcam pcrc m`rklkr ugc lmg`krkgljc y ug tcddkr c dc lmfugjncn dctjgc nk ksk pcæs. @uk sufcfkgtk kgrjquklknmr kslulecr y skgtjr dm quk kddms sjkgtkg dkhms nk sus gcljmgks nk mrjakg y lkdkorcr dcs gukvcs ludturcs eæorjncs quk ecg tkgjnm quk nkscrrmddcr pcrc smorkvjvjr. Cd `jgcdjzcr fj vjchk fk ddkvcrmg c lmgmlkr ug ^kfpdm Ocec¾j, ug duacr kspkltcludcr. Dkykgnm smork kd tkfpdm nksluoræ quk dc jnkmdmaæc quk fukvk c dc lmfugjncn Ocec¾jtc ks prkljscfkgtk dc tmdkrcgljc y kd rkspktm pmr tmncs dcs `jdmsm`æcs y rkdjajmgks. Jgldusm kg dcs lmdufgcs nkd tkfpdm sk kglukgtrcg jgslrjtms sæfomdms nk nj`krkgtks rkdjajmgks nkd fugnm. Fmtjvcnm pmr fjs cprkgnjzchks, pmstkê fj vjsjtc cd ^kfpdm kg fj pãajgc kg @clkommb. ejljkrmg kspkrcrc dms vcrjcs augtcgnm sj ymGmycskkstcoc fjarcgnm mtrclmfkgtcrjms rkdjajüg y sjnkfk ecoæcpkrsmgcs, mdvjncnmprknkd lctmdjljsfm. —Gm‖, dks rkspmgnæ c tmnms, —Hksøs fk kgskóü kgs kóü c skr tmdkrcgtk lmg mtrcs lrkkgljcs. Cnfjrcgnm mtrcs ludturcs emgrm c fj Njms, quk ks tcfojêg tu Njms y su Njms‖. -------------------------------_klmrnkfms sjkfprk dc arcg vkrncn nk quk —dm quk ncs dm rkljoks‖ y quk sj ncs jgtmdkrcgljc y hujljm, puks ksm skrã dm quk rkljojrãs, gm südm nk mtrms ecljc tj fjsfm, sjgm nk tj pcrc tj fjsfm. Ymr kddm ks tcg ljkrtm quk cqukd quk sk pcsc dc vjnc huzacgnm c dms nkfãs ks pmrquk ks ug tkfjodk hukz pcrc sæ fjsfm y su fjsfc vjnc sk vukdvk jgtmdkrcodk. -------------------------------Kslrjtm pcrc fj furm nk @clkommb kd ?? nk hudjm nk ?9318 

¡Lucgnm tjkgks ugc rkdjajüg pkrm huzacs c mtrms fjkforms nk tu lmfugjncn pmr corjrsk c kslulecr kgskócgzcs nk mtrcs rkdjajmgks, krks jgtmdkrcgtk! ¡Lucgnm ouslcs jfpmgkr tus lrkkgljcs kg mtrms pmr lrkkrdcs dc øgjlc vkrncn, krks smokrojm! ¡Lucgnm sjkgtks quk tjkgks kd ljkdm cskaurcnm pmr csjstjr c tu tkfpdm kd `jg nk skfcgc, pkrm lcks kg fulecs tkgtcljmgks nurcgtk kd rkstm nk dc skfcgc, krks jglmgarukgtk! ¡Lucgnm lrkks quk pmr tu pmsjljüg m rjqukzc fctkrjcd gm tjkgks quê vjvjr lmg eufjdncn y kg skrvjljm c dms nkfãs, krks jagmrcgtk! ¡Lucgnm lrkks quk südm nkgtrm nk ug tkfpdm sk vjvk dc kspjrjtucdjncn y mdvjncs quk tcfojêg dc puknks  vjvjr kg tu lcsc, kg dc lcddk, kg dc pdcyc, kg kd omsquk m kg kd dcam, krks jgarctm

03

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

lmg Njms k jglcpcz nk lkdkorcr dcs okgnjljmgks nk su Lrkcljüg quk kstãg kg tmnms dcnms! ¡Ouslc skr tmdkrcgtk, eufjdnk, lmgarukgtk, jgmlkgtk, vjvjr kg skrvjljm c dms nkfãs y kg A_C^J^[N lmg Njms y lmg dc Fcnrk ^jkrrc, y kstm tk trckrã arcgnks cdkaræcs pkrfcgkgtkfkgtk! \cfukd Eugtjgatmg, kg su djorm ^ek Ldcse m` Ljvjdjzctjmgs  (Kd  (Kd lemquk nk dcs lj vjdjzcljmgks) craufkgtc quk dc arcg `ukgtk nk aukrrcs kgtrks gcljmgks m pukodms kg dc gukvc krc gm ks nk mrnkg klmgüfjlm m nk rklursms, sjgm ludturcd k jnkmdüajlc. Nk eklem, kg dc cltucdjncn ugc kgmrfk lcgtjncn nk lmg`djltms yc smg nk ksc gcturcdkzc, lmfm dms rkajstrcnms kgtrk fusudfcgks y hunæms, fusudfcgks y cgadmschmgks, fusudfcgks k ejgnøks, lcpjtcdjsfm y lmfugjsfm (Lejgc y Lmrkc nkd Gmrtk), m tcgtms mtrms quk pmnkfms kglmgtrcr kg fkgmr kslcdc kg Ã`rjlc. Z fjkgtrcs gm prknmfjgkg kg dcs gcljmgks nkd fugnm dænkrks jgtkdjakgtks kspjrjtucdfkgtk, dms lmg`djltms sk fcgtkgnrãg vjakgtks y mlcsjmgcrãg pêrnjncs nk vjncs eufcgcs jgmlkgtks y kstrcams klmgüfjlms. Pkgkzukdc, ug pcæs vjvjnm kg pcz ynurcgtk fulecs nêlcncs,sk kstã sufjnm cltucdfkgtk kg quk ugc ecoæc sjtucljüg nrcfãtjlc trjstk. Nms jnkmdmaæcs kg`rkgtcg nksnk eclk vcrjms cóms y kd njãdmam sk ec rmtm. Dcs kvjnkgljcs fukstrcg ug nktkrjmrm klmgüfjlm, smljcd, pmdætjlm, ludturcd, nk scdun, knulctjvm y turæstjlm. Ljkgtms nk fjdks nk pkrsmgcs ecg cocgnmgcnm kd pcæs y ojddmgks nk nüdcrks ecg sjnm trcsdcncnms c mtrms pcæsks. Kg kstk ekrfmsm pcæs eclk `cdtc rktmfcr kd njãdmam nksnk kd cfmr, eclkr c ug dcnm dms kams y dcs cfojljmgks pkrsmgcdks y pmgkr c dc lmdkltjvjncn kg kd lkgtrm nk dc fksc. Kd cfmr cd pcæs y c sus ljuncncgms ks dm quk nkok nk fmvkr lucdqujkr jnkc, clljüg m njslusjüg. Dc sjtucljüg sk ec vukdtm lmfpdkhc, jgldusm sk ec carcvcnm lmg dcs rkljkgtks fcgj`kstcljmgks y fukrtks. Pkgkzukdc rkqujkrk lmg urakgljc ug lmghugtm nk djnkrczams jgtkdjakgtks kspjrjtucdfkgtk, nk cfoms dcnms, quk ddcfkg njãdmam pclæ`jlm sk ousqukg clukrnms südjnms y pkrfcgkgtks. Dc `ukrzc guglccdskrã kd lcfjgm c dcypcz y c dc lmgvjvkgljc crfügjlc. Cltucr tmfcgnm lmfm craufkgtm m prmvmlcljüg kfmljmgcd dm sulknjnm kg kd pcscnm südm kfpkmrcrã dc sjtucljüg. Ks jfpkrctjvm cltucr kg kd prkskgtk nksnk dc lmrnurc y kd cfmr, vjkgnm ecljc kd `uturm, kgtkgnjkgnm quk kd pcscnm ec sjnm ug arcg fckstrm pcrc cfoms dcnms. Lucgnm dms lmg`djltms ludturcdks sk jgtkgsj`jlcg, lmgddkvcg pkdkcs y fukrtks y akgkrcg skgtjfjkgtms nk vkgacgzc quk sk sjkforcg gm smdcfkgtk kg dcs akgkrcljmgks cltucdks quk dms pcnklkg, sjgm kg dcs gukvcs akgkrcljmgks nk gjóms y gjócs. Z smg kddms dms quk ecrãg dc aukrrc kg kd `uturm, trctcgnm nk vkgacr c sus pcnrks y c sus coukdms. cou kdms. Dc vkgacgzc ks prmnultm nkd mnjm y nkd fjknm clufudcnms kg kd lmrczüg y kg dc fkgtk nk dcs pkrsmgcs, dc quk prmvmlc cutmctcquks kfmljmgcdks csæ lmfm ctcquks `æsjlms y vkrocdks ecljc dms rjvcdks. Ks trjstk scokr quk kg

0?

 

JJ. DM\ Y_MODKFC\ Y_MODKFC\ CL^[CDK\ NK DC E[FCGJNCN Z DC GKLK\JNCN NK [GC K\YJ _J^[CDJNCN Y_ÃL^JLC  Y_ÃL^JLC 

fulecs kslukdcs nk amojkrgm y gkamljms, y tcfojêg kg fulecs kslukdcs fjdjtcrks, sk trcsfjtkg fãs dcs kgskócgzcs nk Gjlmdãs nk Fcqujcvkdm quk dcs nk Hksøs, Ounc m Brjsegc. Fcqujcvkdm, ug kstrctkac y csksmr pmdætjlm nkd rkgcljfjkgtm jtcdjcgm, rklmfkgncoc nksksutkgac êpmlcquk quktkfkr —sj ecysuquk qu k ekrjr c ug dc ekrjnc nkok skrc dms tcgamokrgcgtks skvkrc quk gm vkgacgzc‖. Kgemfork, pmlcs pcdcorcs dm quk êd rklmfkgncoc ks quk kd nmdmr quk sk lcusk cd prühjfm nkok skr tcg `ukrtk quk gm dk quknkg acgcs nk vkgacrsk, pmrquk csufjrã quk kd ctcquk skræc orutcd gukvcfkgtk. Z `uk kstm dm quk fmtjvü c dms Kstcnms [gjnms c dcgzcr dcs nms omfocs ctüfjlcs kg Hcpüg kg 3:>;, lmg dm lucd ouslcocg quk dc skócd `ukrc tcg pmnkrmsc quk gm dk nkhcrcg nuncs cd fugnm kgtkrm nk dc `ukrzc fjdjtcr y nkljsjüg nk ctcquk nk kstk pcæs. Z sjg kfocram, ec sjnm kd pcæs quk fãs lmg`djltms oêdjlms ec pkrnjnm kg tmnm kd fugnm, kgtrk kddms dms nk Lmrkc y Pjktgcf. Jgldusm dc aukrrc kg Jrcb gm sk puknk lmgsjnkrcr lmfm acgcnc pmr kddms, y nklkgcs nk ctkgtcnms tkrrmrjstcs kg su prmpjm tkrrjtmrjm y kg kfochcncs kg sukdm kxtrcghkrm kvjnkgljcg kd mnjm rkskgtjfjkgtm qukkdecg skforcnm. Kg ydmkdpkrsmgcd lrkm quk pkrnüg, csæ lmfm dcs njsludpcs, smg vjrtunks fuy pmlm utjdjzcncs kg dms kgtmrgms pmdætjlms, auokrgcfkgtcdks y fjdjtcrks. Kg kddms sk ouslc y cnfjrc fãs dc `ukrzc y kd nmfjgjm quk dc pcz y dc rklmgljdjcljüg. Cddæ pcrkljkrc gm kxjstjr dc lcpcljncn nk rklmgmlkr quk sk ec prmlknjnm krrügkcfkgtk y pmr kgnk dks rksudtc kxtrcóm pknjr njsludpcs. ½Luãd `uk dc ødtjfc vkz quk kslulecstk c ug prksjnkgtk m ug lmfcgncgtk fjdjtcr pknjr njsludpcs, m ojkg, m`rklkrdcs= Z ldcrm, kd klmsjstkfc pmdætjlm kstã ddkgm nk cfkgczcs, m`kgscs, ctcquks  vkrocdks y nkldcrcljmgks nk aukrrc. Kstcnms [gjnms ec vjvjnm ochm dc lmgsjagc8 —Kd quk gm kstã lmgfjam kstã lmgtrc fæ‖, `rcsk quk rkljtü kd Yrksjnkgtk Ouse cd nkldcrcrdk dc aukrrc c sus kgkfjams, dms quk lrkæc quk ecoæcg ctclcnm c dms Kstcnms [gjnms dcs Jrcb, ^mrrks Akfkdcs Gukvc Z Zmrb. sjg kfocram dcgzü dc nkrrjocgnm aukrrc lmgtrc ugc gcljüg nkd qukQ^L gm krckgludpcodk nkmrb. ksmsZctkgtcnms kg pcrtjludcr. Cfkgczcr c mtrcs gcljmgks quk gcnc tjkgkg quk vkr kg ug lmg`djltm y crrcstrcrdcs c dc aukrrc c dc `ukrzc, ks ug cltm lmocrnk y quk fcd ecodc nk qujkg dm ddkvc c lcom. ------------------------------- Kd pkrnü pkrnüg g kkss p pcrc crc dms `u `ukr krtks tks,, ddc c vkga vkgacg cgzc zc ks pcr pcrc c dms dms nêoj nêojdk dkss. Kd pkrnüg dm mtmrac y dm pjnk qujkg ks lcpcz nk moskrvcrsk y ouslc dc pcz kg su jgtkrjmr y lmg dms nkfãs. Dc vkgacgzc dc ouslc qujkg cd trctcr nk prm`ugnjzcr kg su jgtkrjmr gm dmarc lcvcr emgnm “sus `ukrtks kfmljmgks gkactjvcs sk dm jfpjnkg“ y gm puknk kglmgtrcr kd cfmr. --------------------------------

0<

 

 

JJJ

Dc nkslmgkxjüg kspjrjtucd

JJJ. DC NK\LMGKUJÜG K\YJ_J^[CD

 

JJJ. DC NK\LMGKUJÜG K\YJ_J^[CD

Nkspuês nk ecokr rkcdjzcnm ljkgtms y ljkgtms nk rkarksjmgks c dcs pkrsmgcs pcrc lmgtrjoujr c su scgcljüg kfmljmgcd, ek kglmgtrcnm quk dc arcg fcymræc nk kddcs ec vjvjnm fmfkgtms nk nkslmgkxjüg kspjrjtucd. ½Suê qujkrk nkljr kstm kspklæ`jlcfkgtk= Suk jgldusm lcsj tmnms ekfms vjvjnm nk prm`ugnm nmdmr, nk lmrchk (jrc), jfpmtkgljc, vkraôkgzc, kg dmsfmfkgtms quk gms ekfms nkslmgkltcnm Njms, nkd [gjvkrsm y nk gukstrcs lrkkgljcs kspjrjtucdks. Cdaugms, sufjnms kg fmfkgtms nk su`rjfjkgtm, ecg ludpcnm c Njms pmr dc fukrtk nk ug skr fuy qukrjnm, y ecg arjtcnm y fcdnkljnm, kfocracnms pmr pkgscfjkgtms tcdks lmfm8 —½Ymr quê fk crrkoctcstk c fj fcnrk=‖, —½Ymr quê tk ddkvcstk c fj ejhm sjkgnm êd tcg pkqukóm=‖. Z pmr lrkkr quk Njms m kd [gjvkrsm smg dms rkspmgscodks nk su trcaknjc, dms ludpcg y sk nkslmgkltcg nk kddms. Mtrms, pmr gm ecokr rkljojnm m dmarcnm dm quk tcgtm nkskcocg, sk ecg skgtjnm mdvjncnms pmr Njms y kd [gjvkrsm, fjkgtrcs quk ecg lrkænm quk c mtrcs pkrsmgcs sæ dks ecg ncnm dm quk nkskcocg. Kstms lkdms y kgvjnjcs ecg akgkrcnm tcfojêg ugc nkslmgkxjüg kspjrjtucd lmrchkkg m jrc. ^cd vkz tk ec pcscnm quk, cd lmfpcrcrtk lmg dms nkfãs, tk ecspmr skgtjnm nksvkgtchc y ecs ludpcnm cd Lrkcnmr m c nj`krkgtks kgtjncnks, \cgtms m Ãgakdks nkd pdcgm kspjrjtucd. Mtrc lcusc nk dc nkslmgkxjüg kspjrjtucd surak s urak nk dc nklkpljüg cgtk eklems y clljmgks nk dms dænkrks rkdjajmsms, qujkgks cprmvkleãgnmsk nk su pmsjljüg ecg cpdjlcnm nk fcgkrc jglmrrkltc su kspjrjtucdjncn. Zc quk pcrc fulems dc rkdjajüg ks dc øgjlc `mrfc quk lmgljokg nk vjvjr su kspjrjtucdjncn “y quk dms rkdjajmsms smg dms rkprkskgtcgtks nk dc vjnc kspjrjtucd quk lmgmlkg“ cd vkr quk su lmgnultc ec sjnm jglmrrkltc y kg fulems lcsms cousjvc, sk ecg nklkpljmgcnm nk dc vjnc kspjrjtucd. Kstms fmfkgtms ecg eklem quk, lmgsljkgtk m jglmgsljkgtkfkgtk, dc pkrsmgc rmfpc sus vægludms kspjrjtucdks, quk sk kgmhk lmg Njms, quk mnjk dc rkdjajüg, nkhk nk lrkkr y quk fcdnjac cd [gjvkrsm. Mtrcsquk sjtucljmgks quk tcfojêg prmvmlcg dc nkslmgkxjüg kspjrjtucd smg cqukddcs kg dcs quk ekfms cltucnm fcd y, ddkgms nk ludpc cd skgtjr quk Njms gms moskrvc y gms puknk lcstjacr, ekfms prk`krjnm njstcgljcrgms nk ÊD pmr pkgc m pmr fjknm cd lcstjam njvjgm. Gms nc vkraôkgzc lmfugjlcrgms lmg ÊD pmr gukstrcs clljmgks pukstm quk dm ekfms lmglkojnm lmfm ug coukdm rkacóüg, lucgnm kg rkcdjncn ÊD ks tmnm cfmr y kd quk sk rkacóc ks ugm c sæ fjsfm. Z `jgcdfkgtk, mtrm fmtjvm fuy lmføg pcrc dc nkslmgkxjüg kspjrjtucd ks pkgscr quk dc prãltjlc kspjrjtucd ks fuy lmfpdkhc y quk ksk lcfjgm prkskgtc fulems sclrj`jljms y lmfpdjlcljmgks. Kstcs pkrsmgcs ddkacg c pkgscr quk tkgnrãg quk rkgugljcr c fulecs lmscs nkd fugnm tkrrkgcd pcrc pmnkr vjvjr lmgarukgtks lmg dc kspjrjtucdjncn. Lrkkg quk yc gm pmnrãg ocjdcr, rkær, eclkr kd cfmr, okokr, csjstjr c dms pcrtjnms nk su kqujpm `cvmrjtm y skr arcgnks kfprk-

01

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

scrjms m pmdætjlms. Z gcnc fãs jglmrrkltm quk ksm, puks nk eklem njs`rutcr dc —tkrrkgcdjncn‖ lmg lmgsljkgljc ks ugc arcg `ürfudc pcrc prcltjlcr gukstrc kspjrjtucdjncn. Kg rkcdjncn, sj vjvks rkspcdncnm pmr tus vjrtunks kspjrjtucdks skrãs s krãs fulem lcpcz njs`rutcr oukgc lmfpcóæc, lucgtmsfãs duhms, ugc nk oukgc gmlekugc nkoukgc pcsjüglmfjnc, y skr ugugc arcg dænkr. Ks ljkrtmugms quk smdtcrãs cdaugcs lmscs, cltjvjncnks, cfjstcnks y eãojtms, pkrm skrãg südm dms quk tk kstmrocg, quk tk lmgtcfjgcg y quk tk eclkg ncóm, cqukddms quk gutrkg tu kam y gm tu kskgljc kspjrjtucd. Kg sægtksjs, dms ljglm arcgnks fmtjvms pcrc dc nkslmgkxjüg kspjrjtucd smg8 • @cddkljfjkgtm m njstcgljcfjkgtm nk cdaujkg fuy qukrjnm pcrc gmsmtrms8 ludpcfms c Njms y gms kgmhcfms lmg Êd. • Gm rkljojr cdam cdam fuy nkskcnm fjkgtrcs mtrms sæ8 ludpcfms c Njms y gm gmss kgmhcfms lmg Êd. • Clljmgks jglmgarukgtks quk pkrljojfms nk pkrsmgcs rkdjajmscs8 rkdjajmscs8 nklkpljüg nk dc vjnc kspjrjtucd. • Ykrlkpljüg nk quk dc vjnc kspjrjtucd ks lm lmfpdkhc fpdkhc y ddkgc nk sclrj`jljms8 fjknm c gm pmnkr njs`rutcr dcs okgnjljmgks tkrrkgcdks. • Clljmgks gukstrcs quk gms gms ecg nkhcnm lmg ludpcs8 pkgc m vkraôkgzc cgtk Njms, m fjknm cd lcstjam. ½Z quê lmgsklukgljcs tjkgk dc nkslmgkxjüg kspjrjtucd= Kg prjfkr duacr, ug cjsdcfjkgtm nk dc @ukgtk nk Ymnkr, csæ lmfm ugc pêrnjnc nk `k jfpdæljtc. Kg skaugnm duacr, FJKNM\, yc quk kstcgnm dkhms nkd pdcgm kspjrjtucd tk sjkgtks südm kg kd pdcgm tkrrkgcd y fctkrjcd. Csæ, dm quk surak kg dc pkrsmgc —nkslmgkltcnc‖ ks dc gklksjncn nk lmgtrmdcr su kgtmrgm, jfpudscnc pmr sus fjknms8 qujkrk lmgtrmdcr c dcs pkrsmgcs quk dm rmnkcg, sus mpjgjmgks, dms cspkltms klmgüfjlms, ecstc kd `uturm fjsfm. Csæ ks lmfm gclk kd KAM, dc fãslcrc, dc `clecnc quk dcs pkrsmgcs nkscrrmddcg, dc lucd sk gutrk nk lmgtrmd, nk cpkams fctkrjcdks, eãojtms nkstrultj vms y, cd `jgcd nk lukgtcs, nk nmdmr. Kd KAM, m fãslcrc, kslmgnk dc kskgljc kspjrjtucd nkd skr eufcgm, sjg pkrfjtjr quk kstc sk prmykltk. Kd kam fcgj`jkstc su jnkgtjncn c pcrtjr nk dm quk tjkgk, dm quk eclk, sus `mojcs y cnjlljmgks, fãs gm c pcrtjr nk dm quk ks, su gcturcdkzc, su kskgljc kspjrjtucd. Lucgnm ug dænkr vjvk y cltøc fmtjvcnm pmr sus nmdmrks y su kam, cltøc kg cutmfãtjlm, pmlm lmgsljkgtk, nmfjgcnm pmr su gjóm m cnmdkslkgtk jgtkrjmr quk su`rk y ouslc ddkgcr vclæms jglmgsljkgtks. Kd kam dm dcgzc lmgstcgtkfkgtk c skgtjrsk fãs quk mtrms, pmrquk gm ks lcpcz nk skgtjr kd cfmr nkgtrm suym. Kd kam dm dcgzc c lmgtrmdcr y nmfjgcr pmrquk gm ks lcpcz nk vjvjr lmg `k y

05

 

JJJ. DC NK\LMGKUJÜG K\YJ_J^[CD

lmg`jcgzc kg kd `uturm. Kd kam dm dcgzc c qukrkr clufudcr, pukstm quk kstm sctjs`clk sus nmdmrks jglmgsljkgtks, cugquk cugqu k südm tkfpmrcdfkgtk, y pmr kstm tjkgk quk skaujr clufudcgnm y clufudcgnm. -------------------------------Kd kam ks jgscljcodk, kg tcgtm quk dc kskgljc kspjrjtucd nkd skr eufcgm gm gklksjtc gcnc. Pjvjr fmtjvcnm pmr kd kam ks vjvjr kg nmdmr y kslcskz. Pjvjr fmtjvcnm pmr kd cfmr jgtkrgm ks vjvjr kg cdkaræc y cougncgljc c ougncgljc. -------------------------------½Z lüfm rklmgkltcrgms lmg gukstrm Zm jgtkrjmr, gukstrc kspjrjtucdjncn, Njms= Dm prjfkrm quk tkgkfms quk eclkr ks rklmgmlkr k jnkgtj`jlcr dms fmfkgtms y sjtucljmgks quk mlcsjmgcrmg dc nkslmgkxjüg. Ymstkrjmrfkgtk, scgcr kd nmdmr  vjgludcnm c kstms. ½Lüfm eclkrdm= _kprmarcfcgnm gukstrc guks trc fkgtk, lcfojcgnm ugc nk nmdmr pmr ugc arctjtun. C dm quk q uk gms c kglmgtrcr cdamjfprmgtc pmsjtjvm nkd rklukrnm quknk emy kstã cdfclkgcnm kgrk`krjfms tu fkgtkksjglmgsljkgtk cdrknknmr nkd nmdmr, pcrc lmgvkrtjrdm kg ug rklukrnm nk arctjtun. Ycrc kstm tk rklmfjkgnm kg `mrfc kspkljcd dkkr fj djorm GKQ FK  kg  kg nmgnk nkslrjom kg `mrfc nktcddcnc kstc fktmnmdmaæc nk rkprmarcfcljüg fkgtcd. Cnjljmgcdfkgtk kxjstkg fulecs ldcvks pcrc dc rklmgkxjüg kspjrjtucd. Yrcltjlcr kd njãdmam jgtkrgm m fknjtcljüg, vmdvkr c dc Gcturcdkzc, cnfjrcrdc, lkdkorcrdc. Yrcltjlcr kd nkscpkam nk dm fctkrjcd. M`rklkr cpmym c qujkgks fãs dm gklksjtcg. \kr hustm lmg gukstrms lmdcomrcnmrks kg dcs mracgjzcljmgks. Yurj`jlcr gukstrcs `jgcgzcs, nkvmdvkr dm quk gm gms lmrrkspmgnk. Yrcltjlcr dc arctjtun kg tmnm fmfkgtm. Eclkr dcs pclks lmg gukstrms pcnrks y coukdms. -------------------------------Gj sjqujkrc sjq ujkrc tmncs dcs ljkgljcs, kgtrk kddcs dc Ysjlmdmaæc, smg lcpclks nk scgcrtk y eclkrtk `kdjz. \k rkqujkrk ug arcg tmquk nk kspjrjtucdjncn pcrc dmarcrdm. ^mnc scgcljüg jfpdjlc ugc rklmgkxjüg lmg gukstrc kspjrjtucdjncn, lmg Njms, lmg kd [gjvkrsm, lmg dc Gcturcdkzc, lmg gukstrcs kfmljmgks, lmg gukstrm pcscnm, lmg gukstrms pcnrks, lmg gmsmtrms fjsfms. -------------------------------Dms dænkrks lmgtcajcg, smg fmnkdm c skaujr pcrc fulems. Ks lmføg quk dms lmdcomrcnmrks nk ugc kfprksc ousqukg kfudcr c dms nukóms m njrkltmrks akgkrcdks, quk dms fjdjtcgtks nk ug pcrtjnm lmpjkg c su prksjnkgtk, y quk dms ljuncncgms tkgacg lmfm khkfpdm c skaujr c sus amokrgcgtks. Ykrm, ½quê khkfpdm ks kd quk

0:

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

dks ncg= \j kd nukóm nk ugc kfprksc m kd njrkltmr akgkrcd vjvkg ouslcgnm südm su prmpjm okgk`jljm, csæ sulknkrã lmg dms lmdcomrcnmrks. \j kddms vkg quk sus dænkrks eclkg gkamljm —kg dm mslurm‖ lmg dms amokrgcgtks, sj sk pcacg c sæ fjsfms omgms kxmrojtcgtks, utjdjzcg dkgauchk carksjvm lmgtrc ljkrtms krrmrks nk dms lmdcomrcnmrks y sjsjpmgkg kg ug prãltjlc fknjncs cousjvcs lmgtrc kddms, skaurcfkgtk dms lmdcomrcnmrks, kg sus kspcljms nk jg`dukgljc nkgtrm nk dc kfprksc m jgstjtuljüg, ecrãg dm fjsfm. \j dms fjdjtcgtks nk ug pcrtjnm moskrvcg prãltjlcs lmrruptcs y nk jfpugjncn kg sus njrjakgtks, skaurcfkgtk kddms ecrãg dm fjsfm. Lucgnm kd prksjnkgtk nk ugc gcljüg gm ks êtjlm, nk skaurm kgvjcrã kd fkgschk nk quk kddm gm ks jfpmrtcgtk kg kd pcæs quk djnkrc. Kg fulecs mlcsjmgks fk ek skgtcnm kg fkscs nk gkamljcljüg pcrc cyuncr c arcgnks dænkrks c ddkacr c clukrnms, y nkspuês nk kslulecrdms fk prkaugtm8 —½Suê ecorã sulknjnm kg su pcscnm quk su lmrczüg sk ec vukdtm tcg `ræm k jgskgsjodk=‖. Kxjstk ugc `rcsk, cluócnc pmr Lcrdms Ecgb Amgzãdkz “kx rkakgtk nkd N@ y pctrjcrlc nkd ArupmnkYmdætjlm Ctdclmfudlm“, qukpmork ec prmarcfcnm fulems fjkforms dc ldcsk Kfprkscrjcd pmdætjlc fkxjlcgc8 —[g pmdætjlm ks ug pmorkc pmdætjlm‖. Kstc `rcsk jfpdjlc ugm nk nms kslkgcrjms8 quk südm dms fjddmgcrjms nkokræcg skr pmdætjlms. M ojkg, quk tmnc pkrsmgc, ugc vkz ec jglursjmgcnm kg kd fugnm nk dc pmdætjlc, nkok ouslcr dc fcgkrc nk kgrjquklkrsk. Cd pcrklkr kd kslkgcrjm ødtjfm ks kd quk ec prkvcdkljnm. Fulems sk lmgvjkrtkg kg pmdætjlms y kgtmglks sk kgrjquklkg pcrc lufpdjr lmg dc `rcsk cgtjêtjlc nk kstk pkrsmgchk. GM lrkm, movjcfkgtk, kg kstc `rcsk. Lrkm quk ^MNM\ tjkgkg nkrklem c skr pmdætjlms, csæ lmfm quk ugc vkz lmgvkrtjnms kg pmdætjlms, emforks y fuhkrks, tjkgkg dc fjsjüg nk \K_PJ_ y gm nk skrvjrsk. Z lrkm `jrfkfkgtk quk ugc pkrsmgc sjg ojkgks fctkrjcdks pmnræc skr tcfojêg ug A_CG YMDÆ^JLM m amokrgcgtk. Kg kstk lmgtkxtm dcgzm ugc `rcsk dc kspkrcgzc qu kpmdætjlm quk tkgac ugquk jfpcltm sjfjdcr y puknc gkutrcdjzcr kd cnjljmgcd, jfpcltm nklmg dc `rcsk nk Ecgb8nk[g vjvk kg cougncgljc jgtkrgc ks ug arcg pmdætjlm. ^mnm dm quk ug dænkr eclk m vjvk, oukgm m fcdm, dm lmgtcajc c sus lmdcomrcnmrks. Lucgnm kd dænkr vjvk sjkgnm lmgarukgtk lmg sus vcdmrks, eclk dm quk njlk y prjmrjzc dc prãltjlc nk vcdmrks eufcgms pmr smork jgnjlcnmrks klmgüfjlms, skaurcfkgtk ksm lmgtcajcrã c sus cunjkgljcs. Kg fulems kgtmrgms, ecodcr nk tkfcs eufcgjstcs, kspjrjtucdks, fmrcdks m êtjlms ks fcd vjstm. Z, kg kd kxtrkfm nk dcs sjtucljmgks, sk cæsdc c dc pkrsmgc quk ecodc nksnk dc pkrspkltjvc nkd cfmr, dc cougncgljc jgtkrjmr, dc hustjljc, dc eufjdncn y dc kspjrjtucdjncn. Ncnm quk kg dc fcymræc nk dcs ugjvkrsjncnks GM sk kgskócg fctkrjcs nk kspjrjtucdjncn prãltjlc, gj nk vcdmrks y vjrtunks, ecodcr nk kstms tkfcs gm ks lmføg, y kg fulecs mlcsjmgks ks jgldusm fcd vjstm y lcdj`jlcnm lmfm

19

 

JJJ. DC NK\LMGKUJÜG K\YJ_J^[CD

—lursj‖, —nk nêojdks‖ m —nk qujkgks gm kgtjkgnkg dc rkcdjncn‖. Kg fødtjpdks lcsms dm quk prkvcdklk ks kd —csæ ks cquæ‖, —gkamljms smg gkamljms‖, m —csæ ks dc pmdætjlc‖, y qujkg sk mpmgk lmfjkgzc c skr skarkacnm y ecstc rkleczcnm kg rkugjmgks, lmfjncs, Dc kvkgtms y `uturmsskpdcgks. nkslmgkxjüg prkskgtc kgtmglks yc skc pmr sjtucljmgks nmdmrmscs nkd pcscnm, m ojkg pmrquk dms kgtmrgms tk vcg prksjmgcgnm (y tø tk vcs nkhcgnm) pcrc cdkhcrtk nk dms tkfcs kspjrjtucdks y nk dc pukstc kg prãltjlc nk vjrtunks êtjlcs. Fulems prk`jkrkg skr clkptcnms y skaujr kslcdcgnm pmsjljmgks kg su prm`ksjüg quk fcgtkgkrsk `jrfks lmg sus vcdmrks. Fulems sk nkhcg lmgvkglkr y ddkacg c lrkkr quk dc cougncgljc fctkrjcd ks dc jfpmrtcgtk, kg nktrjfkgtm nk dc cougncgljc jgtkrgc m kspjrjtucd. Kxjstkg fødtjpdks vcrjcodks cnjljmgcdks quk prksjmgcg c ugc pkrsmgc pcrc quk sk kg`mquk lmg prjmrjncn kg dm fctkrjcd-tkrrkgcd. Ymr khkfpdm, sj ugc pkrsmgc quk tk austc kstã fãs jgldjgcnc c dms cpkams klmgüfjlms quk c dcs vjrtunks eufcgcs, qukrrã qukGm lmfpcrtcs ksc `mrfc nk vkrqujkgks dc vjnc mgm nkpkrsjaukg dm lmgtrcrjmtus kstcrã njspukstc c nkhcrtk. nkhcrtk lmgtcajcr pmr fjsfcs vjrtunks kspjrjtucdks ks ug arcg rktm, pkrm csæ sk eclkg dms arcgnks dænkrks. -------------------------------Dc nkslmgkxjüg kspjrjtucd gm sukdk skr lmgsljkgtk8 lmgsljkgtk8 ugm gm sk vc pkrlctcgnm nk qquk uk ksk njstcgljcfjkgtm sk kstã akstcgnm pcsm c pcsm kg ugm. Kg fulecs mlcsjmgks sulknk nksnk dc gjókz m kg dc cnmdkslkgljc. Dm ljkrtm ks quk ddkac kd fmfkgtm kg qquk uk dc nkslmgkxjüg ks ug eklem rmtugnm, y vjvjfms kg cutmfãtjlm sjaujkgnm dm quk q uk mtrms gms njhkrmg quk tkgæcfms quk eclkr, sjg lmg lmgsljkgljc sljkgljc pdkgc nk qquk uk gms ekfms mdvjncnm nk gukstrc kskgljc jgtkrgc. Ycrc lucgnm gms ncfms lukgtc yc ekfms nkscrrmddcnm ugc arcg fãslcrc quk kslmgnk kd qujêg smfms kg rkcdjncn y kd prmlksm nk rklmgstrulljüg tmfc fulem tjkfpm y ks`ukrzm2 pkrm sjkfprk skrã pmsjodk. --------------------------------

^mnm dænkr nkokræc vjvjr prjfkrm ug prmlksm nk rklmgkxjüg kspjrjtucd y ug rklmgmljfjkgtm nk dc cougncgljc jgtkrjmr, pcrc kstcr kg lcpcljncn nk rkljojr dukam dc rkspmgscojdjncn nk cnfjgjstrcr dc cougncgljc kxtkrjmr. Nk gm sulknkr kstm, smg kxlksjvcfkgtk cdtms dms rjksams nk quk dms dænkrks nk mracgjzcljmgks, kfprkscs y amojkrgms, pukncg cnfjgjstrcr kg `mrfc jgnkojnc dc cougncgljc nk dms rklursms eufcgms, fctkrjcdks y `æsjlms. ^us fjknms, quk mrjajgcdfkgtk njkrmg jgjljm cd KAM, südm nkscpcrklkrãg lucgnm tk ecycs rklmgkltcnm lmg tu `ukgtk nk pmnkr, tu ym jgtkrjmr, tu skr kspjrjtucd, Njms kg tj. Dc øgjlc `ukgtk nk dc lmg`jcgzc pdkgc y dc ldcrjncn ks tu lmgkxjüg lmg tu skr kspjrjtucd.

13

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

Dænkrks mpclms y dænkrks trcgspcrkgtks Kg fjs rkljkgtks vjsjtcs c tjkrrcs fcycs nk Sujgtcgc _mm, ug sclkrnmtk nk :> cóms, kg ocstcgtk oukggms kstcnm nk scdunfuy `æsjlc`ãljdfkgtk y fkgtcd, fk vkr quk dms skrksy eufcgms nk dc ljuncn njstrckfms lmgejzm —eêrmks‖ tkrrkgcdks pkrnkfms kd kg`mquk kg dm quk rkcdfkgtk jfpmrtc8 Njms, dc Fcnrk ^jkrrc y vkr c tmnms dms nkfãs lmfm ekrfcgms, lmfm gmsmtrms fjsfms vjvjkgnm mtrc kxpkrjkgljc. Fk cyunü c lmfprkgnkr quk lcnc vkz quk jnmdctrcfms c ug amokrgcgtk, crtjstc, nkpmrtjstc m kfprkscrjm gms njstrckfms nk dc `ukgtk nk pmnkr vkrncnkrc. Z lmfm kstm sulknk tmnm kd tjkfpm, tmnm kd tjkfpm kstcfms njstrcænms. Kddms, dms fcycs nk dc skdvc lkrlcgc c @kdjpk Lcrrjddm Yukrtm, gm dk pmgkg fcrlc lmfkrljcd c sus prmnultms nkd lcfpm pmrquk ksm ecræc pkgscr c sus lmgsufjnmrks quk dcs `rutcs, arcgms, emrtcdjzcs, pdcgtcs y vkrnurcs gm smg ug prmnultm quk Njms lmdmlü kg dcs fcgms nkd emfork, sjgm cdam kdcomrcnm pmr ugc kfprksc. \ê quk ksm gm skræc pmsjodk kgsuprkfm dc ljuncn,kspkrm ug arcg khkfpdm pcrc craufkgtcr quk gj kd nkskcodk prmvkknmr Njmsfk y dcpcrkljü gcturcdkzc y quk dc arctjtun pcrc lmg kddms nkok skr s kr prjmrjtcrjc. ^mnm kstm fk ddkvü c rklmrncr mtrcs kgskócgzcs nk ug Fckstrm kspjrjtucd quk kg ugc mlcsjüg fk ecodcoc nk kgtjncnks nkd pdcgm kspjrjtucd. Êd fk njhm quk gm ecoæc `ukrzcs gkactjvcs m pmsjtjvcs, fcdjagcs y omgncnmscs, sjgm quk südm ecoæc `ukrzcs mpclcs y `ukrzcs trcgspcrkgtks. Cd pknjrdk fãs kxpdjlcljüg cd rkspkltm, êd fk cyunü c kgtkgnkr quk dcs kgtjncnks mpclcs ouslcg ctrckr gukstrc ctkgljüg ecljc kddcs tmnm kd tjkfpm y rmocrgms dc kgkraæc2 smg cfojljmscs y kaüdctrcs. Fjkgtrcs quk dcs kgtjncnks kspjrjtucdks trcgspcrkgtks ouslcg quk vkcs dc Duz, quk tk lmgkltks lmg kddc y quk carcnkzlcs dcs okgnjljmgks nk Njms kg tmnm fmfkgtm. Kstm sulknk tmnm kd tjkfpm lmg dms dænkrks. Fulems nk kddms sjkfprk kstãg tkgtcnms c ctrckr tmnc dc ctkgljüg nk dms lmdcomrcnmrks, ldjkgtks, prmvkknmrks, y ecstc nk dms mtrms dænkrks, pmrquk gklksjtcg fulec kgkraæc nk dms nkfãs pcrc skgtjrsk sctjs`klems. Ldcrm, kstãg nkslmgkltcnms kspjrjtucdfkgtk y gklksjtcg ddkgcr sus vclæms. Dc tkgtcljüg nkd rklmgmljfjkgtm y nk dc trcslkgnkgljc tkrrkgcd fcd kgtkgnjncs dks eclk pkgscr quk fjkgtrcs fãs ctkgljüg rkljocg nk dms nkfãs, y fãs clufudkg fctkrjcdfkgtk, fãs pmsjojdjncnks tkgnrãg nk skr `kdjlks y trcslkgnkr. Lucgnm ks hustm dm lmgtrcrjm8 lucgnm dmarcg skgtjr quk dm tjkgkg tmnm “csæ tkgacg cpcrkgtkfkgtk pmlm“ y lucgnm kstãg lmgkltcnms lmg kd pdcgm kspjrjtucd, khkrljkgnm sus vjrtunks pkrfcgkgtkfkgtk, ks lucgnm rkcdfkgtk trcsljkgnkg. Kd lmglkptm nk trcslkgnkr kstã kstrklecfkgtk rkdcljmgcnm lmg kd nk nksprkgnkrsk,, nk cslkgnkr cd pdcgm kspjrjtucd y smdtcr dcs cgldcs fctkrjcnksprkgnkrsk dks y tkrrkgcdks. Ykrm ec sjnm fcd jgtkrprktcnm y fulems ecg lrkljnm pkgscgnm

1?

 

JJJ. DC NK\LMGKUJÜG K\YJ_J^[CD

quk pcrc trcslkgnkr tjkgkg quk skr rklmrncnms pmr dms nkfãs y quk pcrc dmarcr kstm nkokg clufudcr njgkrm, nmfjgcr c dc lmfpktkgljc, eclkr dcs huacncs kfprkscrjcdks quk fcymr lmgtrmd l mgtrmd akgkrkg y motkgkr kd fcymr rklmgmljfjkgtm fctkrjcd. -------------------------------Dms dænkrks jgtkdjakgtks kspjrjtucdfkgtk sk fcgtjkgkg lmgkltcnms lmg dc `ukgtk kspjrjtucd nk pmnkr y cyuncg c mtrms c dmarcrdm jaucdfkgtk. \mg dænkrks trcgspcrkgtks. trcgspcrkgtks. Guglc prktkgnkg ctrckr ctrckr tmnc dc ctkgljüg ecljc kddms fjsfms sjgm quk q uk carcnklk carcnklkgg c qujkg q ujkg rkcdfkgtk dks njm dc mpmrtugjncn nk mlupcr su lcram y csufjr sus rkspmgscojdjncnks. rkspmgscojdjncnks. Z tjkgkg ojkg ldcrm quk q uk ksk ncnmr ks kd [gjvkrsm, Njms, yc skc njrkltcfkgtk m c trcvês nk sus Fckstrms Kspjrjtucdks. Dms dænkrks jgtkdjakgtks jgtkdjakgtks kspjrjtucdfkgtk dmarcg trcslkgnkr cd smdtcrsk nk tmnc cnjlljüg nkd pdcgm fctkrjcd y cd lmgvkrtjr sus cspj cspjrcljm rcljmgks gks kg okgnjljmgks okgnjljm gks kspjrjtucdks. -------------------------------[gc nk dcs prjgljpcdks `ukgtks nk mpcljncn kg ug dænkr ks kd lmghugtm nk lmfprmfjsms quk cnqujkrk c dm dcram nk su lcrrkrc lmg tcd nk skr cpmycnm pcrc jr kslcdcgnm pkdncóms. Fulems nk qujkgks cpmycg c ug dænkr dm eclkg lmg dc mslurc jgtkgljüg nk motkgkr nk ksc pkrsmgc cdam c lcfojm “cdam quk gm puknkg motkgkr pmr væcs lmrrkltcs m dkacdks“ugc vkz quk ksk dænkr kstê mlupcgnm kspcljms nk pmnkr. Fulems prksjnkgtks nkd fugnm motjkgkg dc `jgcgljcljüg pcrc sus lcfpcócs c trcvês nk kstrulturcs nk jgtkrksks quk ouslcg lmgtrctms fudtjfjddmgcrjms y ecstc fmnj`jlcljmgks kg dcs dkyks quk pkrfjtcg mpkrcr c sus pctrmljgcnmrks nk fcgkrc cfpdjc y sjg lmgtrmdks. Jgldusm kg rkljkgtks nêlcncs njgkrms motkgjnms c trcvês nkd dcvcnm nk njgkrm, nkd lrjfkg mracgjzcnm y nkd gcrlmtrã`jlm, sk ecg jg`jdtrcnm pcrc prksjnkgtks, amokrgcnmrks kg kspkljcdkg c dmlcfpcócs dcram y cglem nk Dctjgmcfêrjlc y Ã`rjlc. y cdlcdnks fugjljpcdks, [gc vkz quk kstms —dænkrks‖ ddkacg c dms lcrams nk tmfc nk nkljsjmgks, kfpu hcnms pmr lcfpcócs fjddmgcrjcs kg dcs quk sk nkrrmlecg arcgnks lcgtjncnks nk njgkrm pcrc lmgskaujr vmtms, jgldusm cdjfkgtcncs pmr kxtmrsjmgks y kgacóms c dc ljuncncgæc, lmfjkgzcg c vkdcr pmr dms jgtkrksks nk sus —pctrmljgcnmrks‖ y gm pmr dms nkd pukodm. Kstc lmgnjljüg eclk quk ug dænkr skc cdtcfkgtk mpclm, quk südm ousquk sus jgtkrksks y dms nk su lcfcrjddc nk smljms. Kg fulems lcsms ksms smljms dms cocgnmgcrãg, kg kspkljcd lucgnm ecycg rkljojnm dm quk kspkrcocg. Ymr ksm fulems prksjnkgtks ddkacg c dc fjtcn nk su fcgnctm njkzfcnms, lmg ugc ochc pmpudcrjncn kgtrk dms ljuncncgms y pmlm rkspcdncnms pmr dc kstrulturc nk jgtkrksks quk dms cpmycoc cd jgjljm. Kd dænkr tjkgk quk skr lujncnmsm nk gm skr uscnm y nkspuês nksklecnm pmr jgtkrksks mslurms2 su vjsjüg sjkfprk nkok skr skrvjr nk

1<

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

dc fcgkrc fãs hustc y kqujtctjvc pmsjodk. [g dænkr kspjrjtucdfkgtk jgtkdjakgtk y trcgspcrkgtk akgkrcrã lmfprmfjsms lmg dms ljuncncgms y lmg dms ldjkgtks y lmdcomrcnmrks, pkrm gm lmg jgtkrksks klmgüfjlms y pmdætjlms quk südm ouslcg su ojkgkstcr kamæstc.pkrm [g scok oukgeclkrdm dænkr sjkfprk tjkgk quk cnqujrjr lmfprmfjsms pcrc kslcdcr pukstms, kg `mrfc jfpklcodk, lufpdjkgnm su pcdcorc lmg qujkgks dk pkrfjtjrãg fcgtkgkrsk lkrlc nk dc `ukgtk nk pmnkr y dm cdkgtcrãg c skaujr pmgjkgnm kg prãltjlc sus vjrtunks kspjrjtucdks y fmrcdks, puks tjkgk ldcrm quk nk dm lmgtrcrjm guglc skrã djork.

Dc arcg mpmrtugjncn nk dms dænkrks kstã kg djokrcr c dc pmodcljüg Dms dænkrks rkljokg nkd [gjvkrsm y nk qujkgks dms kdjakg, dc arcg mpmrtugjncn nk skr qujkgks djokrkg y kfpmnkrkg c sus pøodjlms. ¡Z kstm ks rkcdfkgtk trcslkgnkgtcd! Djokrcr jfpdjlc pkrfjtjrdks tmfcr sus prmpjcs nkljsjmgks, cutmnktkrfjgcr sus nkstjgms, tkgkr vmz y vmtm kg sus fktcs. Kfpmnkrcr jfpdjlc m`rklkrdks dcs ekrrcfjkgtcs quk kddms lmgsjnkrkg gklkscrjcs pcrc eclkr rkcdjncn sus mohktjvms y kstcr lmg kddms clmfpcóãgnmdms kg kd prmlksm nk nkscrrmddm. [g dænkr cpmyc, fmtjvc, kfpmnkrc, djokrc. Guglc rkstrjgak, lmgtrmdc gj jfpmgk. \jg kfocram, y ks trjstk quk csæ skc, cdaugms amojkrgms djnkrcnms pmr pkrsmgcs lcrkgtks nk êtjlc (skaurcfkgtk fmtjvcncs pmr sus nmdmrks jgtkrgms y su nkslmgkxjüg kspjrjtucd), ouslcg lmgtrmdcr y nmfjgcr c sus ljuncncgms. Kg kstk c`ãg uscg kd hukam nk dc væltjfc y kd scdvcnmr. ^k kxpdjlcrê lüfm `ugljmgc kstk  hukam. Nksnk kd amojkrgm, kstms pmdætjlms cpdjlcg fknjncs quk dk rkstrjgakg c dc pmodcljüg rklursms y skrvjljms oãsjlms, tcgtm nk fcgkrc kstrctêajlc lmfm pmr rksudtcnm nk nksvæms nk rklursms y lmrrupljmgks. [gc vkz quk dc pmodcljüg kstã nkskspkrcnc, kgtmglks ddkacg dcs lcfpcócs kdkltmrcdks kg nmgnk dms lcgnjnctms sk prkskgtcg lmfm dms scdvcnmrks, lmg nkspkgscs, tcrhktcs lmg njgkrm prklcracnm y prmfkscs ajacgtkslcs. Nk kstc fcgkrc kd pukodm, kd lucd nksnk kd jgjljm `uk væltjfc nk dcs clljmgks nk dms amokrgcgtks, ouslcgnm nkskspkrcnm nks kspkrcnm c ug scdvcnmr, mptc pmr dc prjfkrc mpljüg quk sk dk prkskgtc y vmtc pmr kstms lcgnjnctms, quk smg dms fjsfms vkrnuams quk dms pusjkrmg nk rmnjddcs kg ksc sjtucljüg. M ojkg, ochm dc fjsfc kstrctkajc, ddkacg kfprkscrjms m`rkljêgnmdk kfpdkm c dc pmodcljüg fãs eufjdnk, pkrm c lcfojm pjnkg lmglksjmgks y pkrfjsms pcrc kxpdmtcr dc tjkrrc, dms rklursms y kd ks`ukrzm nk dcs pkrsmgcs c lcfojm nk fægjfms sukdnms y okgk`jljms dcomrcdks. Csæ, qujkgks kstãg kg sjtucljmgks nk lmgtrmd nk dms rklursms fctkrjcdks clunkg clu nkg c qujkgks kstãg nkskspkrcnms, m`rkljkgnm cyunc pkrm kxjajkgnm c lcfojm ug cdtæsjfm pcam8 su  vmtm, su lmgljkgljc, sus lmglksjmgks, su tjkfpm y sus ks`ukrzms. Kstcs kstrctkajcs

1>

 

JJJ. DC NK\LMGKUJÜG K\YJ_J^[CD

njstcg fulem nk skr clljmgks jgtkdjakgtks kspjrjtucdfkgtk. \mg jghustcs, pcrtkg nkd nmdmr y dc crrmacgljc, gm lmgtrjouykg c sjtucljmgks nk acgcr-acgcr y fcgjpudcg dc vmdugtcn nk dms quk fkgms puknkg nk`kgnkrsk y nk qujkgks pjnkg cyunc. tjpm nkecstc sjtucljmgks prmvmlc kxclkrocnm qukecddkvc cd dæfjtk c dcsKstk pkrsmgcs, kd fmfkgtm kg ug qukpctkrgcdjsfm dc sjtucljüg rkvjkgtc lmfm sulknjnm kg ug sjg`æg nk tkrrjtmrjms, mlcsjmgcgnm lcms smljcd, rkvukdtcs, dkvcgtcfjkgtms y carupcljmgks carksjvcs nk pkrsmgcs quk dulecg pmr nk`kgnkr sus nkrklems y sus tjkrrcs. Lucgnm ug dænkr sk nkslmgkltc nk dc êtjlc, dc fmrcd y dc kspjrjtucdjncn, clunk c kstrctkajcs pcrc lmgtrmdcr fcscs nk pmodcljüg lmg`mrfcncs pmr pkrsmgcs eufjdnks y cdtcfkgtk fcgjpudcodks. Dm eclkg kfpdkcgnm dc tkdkvjsjüg y mtrms fknjms, c trcvês nk lcfpcócs fudtjfjddmgcrjcs nk fcrbktjga, c trcvês nk m`rklkr ugc knulcljüg fknjmlrk pcrc fcgtkgkrdms kg dc jgakgujncn, csæ lmfm nksnk dc akgkrcljüg nk ljldms vjljmsms nk fjknms-kspkrcgzcs. Ymr mtrc pcrtk, dms dænkrks fcgjpudcnmrks scokg quk ks fãs `ãljd lmgtrmdcr c`ukgtk sus kqujpms y csjdcsvjvkg pmodcljmgks nk lmgsufjnmrks sj kstãg nkslmgkltcnms su nk pmnkr, kg cutmfãtjlm, sj gm sk lukstjmgcg gcnc pmrquk gmnksmg lmgsljkgtks, sj kstãg nmrfjnms. Cdaugms amokrgcgtks ecg dmarcnm quk ljkgtms nk fjdks nk `ugljmgcrjms pøodjlms sk ecacg nk dc vjstc amrnc cgtk dc fcdvkrscljüg nk rklursms y lmgtrctms `rcunudkgtms. ½Lüfm dm ecg dmarcnm= Ldcrm, fcgjpudcgnm dcs fkgtks nk sus `ugljmgcrjms pøodjlms, csæ lmfm nk cdaugms kgtks rkaudcnmrks quk qukncg kg kd jgtkrfknjm lmfm fkrms moskrvcnmrks. Kgtrk dms `ugljmgcrjms pøodjlms sk vjvk ug kgtmrgm nk prksjüg, lmclljüg y prmarcfcljüg, kg nmgnk eclkg pkgscr c dms suocdtkrgms quk dc øgjlc fcgkrc nk cslkgnkr prm`ksjmgcdfkgtk ks lufpdjr ürnkgks y gm lukstjmgcr, quk kg kd amojkrgm —dcs lmscs `ugljmgcg csæ‖ y quk qujkg ks êtjlm ks ug nkojdulem y sk dk nkok cjsdcr. C fulems `ugljmgcrjms dks ecg qujtcnm su djorknkljsjmgks cdoknræm (m ojkg kddms fjsfms dm ecg lknjnm), dkspøodjlms ecg qujtcnm su pmnkr nk tmfcr (m ojkg kddms fjsfms dm ecg kgtrkacnm), dks pjnkg lufpdjr ürnkgks y gm pkgscr, y pmr ksm smg tcg fcgjpudcodks. Dm fjsfm sulknk kg cdaugcs mracgjzcljmgks sjgnjlcdks, kg nmgnk tmnms smg modjacnms c vmtcr pmr ug lcgnjnctm, jfpjnjêgnmdk c sus cnslrjtms skr djorks nk lmgljkgljc y kdkajr kd lcgnjnctm nk su prknjdklljüg. Kg kd lcsm nk cdaugcs jgnustrjcs, kstcs ecg ouslcnm fcgjpudcr c fjddmgks nk lmgsufjnmrks skforãgnmdks prmarcfcljmgks nksnk fuy pkqukóms. Dcs gmtjljcs sk kglcracg nk nkljrdk c dms lmgsufjnmrks quk kd fugnm ks ug nkscstrk, quk ks trjstk y ddkgm nk lcrkgljcs. K jgfknjctcfkgtk nkspuês nk dcs gmtjljcs, dc puodjljncn tk njlk quk ecy ugc `ürfudc fãajlc pcrc dc `kdjljncn m pcrc quk tk sjkgtcs pmnkrmsm. ¡Z puf! Fuleæsjfc akgtk, fmvjnc pmr dc `ukrzc nkd jglmgsljkgtk, lmfprc dc jnkc nk dc smduljüg `ãljd, quk cd `jgcd nk lukgtcs ks ugc `cgtcsæc.

1;

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

-------------------------------Lucgnm ug dænkr dk qujtc q ujtc su djork cdoknræm c ug lmdcomrcnmr m c ug lmgsufjnmr, lmfktk kd pkmr cltm nksnk ugc pkrspkltjvc kspjrjtucd8 dk qujtc q ujtc su jgnjvjnucdjncn, jgnjvjnucdjncn, dk crrkoctc su kskgljc, nkhc nk rklmgmlkrdm lmfm quk K\, ug cdaujkg jaucdnkc rklmgmlkr êd vjvjkgnmdc ugc kxpkrjkgljc nj`krkgtk. Ykrm kstm vc fãs cddã8dm lucgnm dænkr nkhc kskgljc kspjrjtucd kg mtrm skr eufcgm, `cddc kg rklmgmlkr su prmpjc kskgljc. --------------------------------

Pjvjr lmgkltcnms cd pdcgm kspjrjtucd gms pkrfjtk skr `ukrtks Pjvjr cjsdcnms nk dc `ukgtk nk pmnkr, Njms, gukstrm guks trm Zm Zm Kspjrjtucd, gms eclk nêojdks y cdtcfkgtk vudgkrcodks c dc fcgjpudcljüg. Lucgnm kstcfms ddkgms nk fjknms ks fuy `ãljd quk lcjacfms ochm dms k`kltms nk dc puodjljncn, kg dc prmarcfcljüg knulctjvc, kg dms trulms nk dcs lcfpcócs pmdætjlcs y kg kd lmgsufjsfm. \j skgtjfms quk gcnjk gms qujkrk m quk gcnjk gc njk gms rklmgmlk, kgtmglks rklurrjfms c fcrlcs nk duhm y sæfomdms kxtkrgms quk, skaøg sk gms ec njlem, gms mtmracg pkrsmgcdjncn y pmnkr. Ykrm gcnc fãs `cdsm quk ksm. Ks ldcrm quk sj pcrc kglkgnkr su lejspc jgtkrgc ugc pkrsmgc gklksjtc rklurrjr c ug rk`rkslm quk dk prmfktk skr —dc lejspc nk dc vjnc‖, ksc pkrsmgc vjvk lmg fjknms y lcrkgljcs fuy prm`ugncs y ks fuy fcgjpudcodk. -------------------------------Kg lucdqujkr fmfkgtm puknks pkrnkr tus pmsksjmgks m tu pukstm kg ugc kfprksc. \j kstãs cpkacnm c kstms y smg tu `ukgtk nk pmnkr, kgtmglks kg lucdqujkr fmfkgtm pmnrãs pkrnkr tu pmnkr. Ykrm sj kstãs lmgkltcnm lmg dc `ukgtk fãxjfc nk pmnkr, dc kgkraæc lrkcnmrc, Njms, kd [gjvkrsm, quk tuvm dc jgtkgljüg nk eclkr quk tø `ukrcs lrkcnm, ksm gcnjk guglc tk dm pmnrã qujtcr8 tu `ukgtk sjkfprk pkrfcgklkrã.

-------------------------------Ks jglrkæodk quk emy kg næc fulecs pkrsmgcs rklurrkg cd semppjga  pcrc  pcrc ochcr su kstrês lucgnm kg rkcdjncn kd lmgsufjsfm ks ugc nk dcs fcymrks `ukgtks nk kstrês. Kd fcrbktjga  gms   gms eclk lrkkr quk tkgkfms fulecs gklksjncnks jgsctjs`klecs, gms prmarcfc pcrc nkskcr prmnultms y skrvjljms quk supukstcfkgtk su pukstcfkgtk gms dcs sctjs`clkg, eclk quk gms kgnkunkfms pcrc motkgkrdms y `jgcdfkgtk lckfms kg kd wmrbcemdjsf  pcrc  pcrc pmnkr pcacr gukstrcs nkuncs. Gjgaugc kstrctkajc fãs pmnkrmsc pcrc fcgjpudcr c ug skr eufcgm quk eclkrdk lrkkr quk gklksjtc fulecs lmscs pcrc skr `kdjz y smorkvjvjr. Dc kstrctkajc fãs pmnkrmsc pcrc vjvjr djork y kg cougncgljc ks scokr quk gm gklksjtcs nk fulem pcrc pc rc smorkvjvjr y skr `kdjz.

10

 

JJJ. DC NK\LMGKUJÜG K\YJ_J^[CD

Dcs tkgtcljmgks kstãg kg tmnms dcnms y cpcrklkg sjkfprk, jgldusm hustm kg ksms fmfkgtms kg quk clcocfms nk tmfcr ugc nkljsjüg n kljsjüg pmnkrmsc. Ldcrm, kd [gj vkrsm gms rktc rktc tmnm kd tjkfpm, y cd morcr csæ ks gukstrm cdjcnm pcrc quk nkfm nkfmstrkstrkfms sj kstcfms m gm pcrc lmg ugcdcgzcs nkljsjüg yc tmfcnc. Kstãs kg ug rkstcurcgtk lmgdjstms tus cfjacs y kglufpdjr ksk fmfkgtm dc nkldcrctmrjc nk —c pcrtjr nk kstk fmfkgtm lmfkgzcrê fj njktc‖. Z hustm kg ksk fmfkgtm sk cork dc pukrtc nk dc lmljgc nkd rkstcurcgtk y cpcrklk ugc fuhkr kfpuhcgnm ug lcrrjtm nk pcstkdks nk lemlmdctk. \j kstãs lmgkltcnc c dc `ukgtk nk pmnkr suprkfm tk fcgtkgnrãs `jrfk kg tu prmfksc, pkrm sj kd kxtkrjmr ks nkfcsjcnm tkgtcnmr, kg ksk fmfkgtm dc rmfpkrãs. Fulems pmdætjlms, nkspuês nk acgcr ugcs kdklljmgks, ddkacg c sus lcrams lmg ugc cdtc lmgvjlljüg nk qukrkr lcfojcr dcs lmscs, nk fcgkhcr kg `mrfc trcgspcrkgtk dc jg`mrfcljüg auokrgcfkgtcd, nk lmgstrujr ug kqujpm c pcrtjr nk dc fkrjtmlrcljc y nk pmgkr c dms ljuncncgms prjfkrm. \jg kfocram, kg kd næc ugm sk dks prkskgtcg rktmstrks y tkgtcljmgks quk dms ljforcg y dms pmgkg nuncr. Ymr khkfpdm, sk dk pdcgtkcg rktms jgfknjctms8 (3) Dc kfprksc nk sucarcg cfjam ec kstcnm kvcnjkgnm jfpukstms nurcgtk vcrjms cóms. (?) Dms rkpmrtkrms dk prkaugtcg sj `jrfcrã m vktcrã dc dky quk pkrfjtk kd comrtm. Z ( (nk dcs >9 quk tcrnc kd kfocrczm gmrfcd) kd kforjüg yc puknk kslulecr cdaugms smgjnms, y kd smgjnm nkd lmrczüg nk dc fcnrk ks ugm nk dms prjfkrms quk kslulec. \kfcgcs fãs tcrnk pmnrã kslulecr kd smgjnm nk su pkqukóm lmrczüg, kd quk tcd vkz prjfkrm punm skgtjr cøg sjg ecokrdm kslulecnm. [gc vkz quk kslulec cfoms lmrczmgks, kd okoê lmfjkgzc su kgtrkgcfjkgtm kg dc lmfprkgsjüg y kd fcgkhm nk kfmljmgks y skgtjfjkgtms. \j su fcfã sk kgmhc, m sjkgtk fjknm, su lmrczüg rkclljmgcrã y kd okoê skgtjrã quk su fcnrk sk ec cdtkrcnm. Nk jaucd fcgkrc skgtjrã dc c`dukgljc nk emrfmgcs rkdcljmgcncs lmg kstcs kfmljmgks (lmfm dc lmrtjsmgc m dc nmpcfjgc), y kd lcfpm

5<

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

 vjorcljmgcd m kgkraêtjlm tcfojêg sk cdtkrcrã. \j su fcfã kstã kg ug kstcnm nk pcz, fknjtctjvm, nk cfmr pkrfcgkgtk, su lmrczüg skrã kd kglcracnm nk kgvjcrdk dc skócd c su okoê nk quk tmnm kstã ojkg. -------------------------------[g okoê, jgldusm ug gjóm, ks lcpcz nk scgcr s cgcr m rklupkrcr su lcdfc lmg tcg südm kslulecr kd lmrczüg nk su fcfã. Ymr kstm kddms lmrrkg cd pklem nk su fcfã y lmdmlcg su mænm kg kd kspcljm nkd lmrczüg pcr pcrcc kslulecrdm. Ycrc kddms, kd lmrczüg nk su fcfã ks su fknjljgc. -------------------------------Cugquk gukstrm lmrczüg ks dc fkfmrjc vjvc nk tmncs gukstrcs kfmljmgks, tcgtm kg kd jgtkrjmr nkd vjkgtrk fctkrgm lmfm kg kd kxtkrjmr “yc quk lmgtjkgk gkurmgcs quk fkfmrjzcg kvkgtms y ec rkclljmgcnm c tmnm dm quk ekfms vjvjnm, oukgm fcdm“, pmlms dm tmfcgquk kg lukgtc pcrc ks tmfcr nkljsjmgks. Fjs kxpkrjkgljcsy fk ecgemy ddkvcnm c lmgldujr kd lmrczüg kd ãtmfm fãs arcgnk quk kxjstk kg kstk pdcgktc y quk, lucgnm dm pkrfjtjfms, vjorc y sjkgtk dc kgkraæc nkd lmsfms2 tcd vkz pmr kddm dms ljkgtæ`jlms gm dmarcg kgtkgnkr lüfm ks quk pcdpjtc y pmr quê c ksk rjtfm kg pcrtjludcr. Kd lmrczüg ks ug üracgm quk gms lmgkltc lmg gukstrm Zm Kspjrjtucd y lmg gukstrm Njms. Kd lmrczüg scok quê gms prmnulk `kdjljncn y quê gms prmnulk nmdmr. Ks ugc arcg ojodjmtklc jggctc nk lmgmljfjkgtm kspjrjtucd cd quk pmlcs vklks rklurrjfms. Kd lmrczüg scok quk cfcr ks djokrcr y gm lmgtrmdcr, pmrquk lucgnm pkrfjtjfms dc djokrtcn nk dms nkfãs kd lmrczüg sk lcdfc, y lucgnm ouslcfms lmgtrmdcr c mtrms k jfpmgkr gukstrms lrjtkrjms, kstk clkdkrc sus dctjnms. Kd lmrczüg scok luãgnm kstcfms morcgnm fcd y sk ddkgc nk ludpc, y scok luãgnm kstcfms ecljkgnm dm lmrrkltm y gms eclk skgtjr ojkg. -------------------------------—Kd skgtjr nkd lmrczüg ks kd quk mrjajgc dms skgtjfjkgtms nk dm okddm, dm vkrncnkrm y dm oukgm… Lucgnm pmnkfms jgldujr kd skgtjr nk gukstrm lmrczüg kg dcs nkdjokrcljmgks nkdjokrcljmgks pcrc nktkrfjgcr dcs vkrncnks kskgljcdks, kgtmglks kxpkrjfkgtcfms dcs vkrncnks lmfm lãdjncs mgncs nk lmgjrfcljüg kg gukstrm lmrczüg‖. Qjddjcf Okgtm -------------------------------Lujncrgms ks lujncr gukstrm lmrczüg, y lujncr gukstrm lmrczüg ks eclkr dm lmrrkltm, fcgtkgkrgms `jkdks c gukstrc êtjlc y lmgsljkgtks nk quk smfms ugc kg-

5>

 

JP. ^MFC_ NKLJ\JMGK\ NK\NK KD LM_CXÜG

tjncn kspjrjtucd quk sk fcgj`jkstc c trcvês nk ug lukrpm `æsjlm. [g næc ym fk kglmgtrcoc kg ug njdkfc, ug arcg njdkfc, y tkgæc quk tmfcr nkljsjmgks rãpjncs. [g fckstrm nk tkfcs kspjrjtucdks fk suajrjü quk tmfcrc nkljsjmgks lmgsudtcgnm cam,fjc lmrczüg8 c tu lmrczüg, êd scorã gm dm quk nkokskslulecr eclkr‖. \jg kfocrpkscr nk —Kslulec quk fknjtcoc lmgstcgtkfkgtk, dmarcoc fj lmrczüg cd fknjtcr, pmr fãs sjdkgljmsm quk kd lucrtm kstuvjkrc. Ddkacoc jgldusm c skgtjr ldcrcfkgtk kd pcdpjtcr nk fjs crtkrjcs lcrütjncs kg kd lukddm, pkrm gm kslulecoc fj lmrczüg. Fj fckstrm fk cldcrü8 —Fk rk`jkrm c quk rkcdfkgtk dm ksluleks2 lmfprc ugm nk ksms cpcrctms pcrc eclkrdm‖. Fk pcrkljü cdam fuy dmlm kg ksk fmfkgtm, pkrm dk ejlk lcsm y `uj c lmfprcr ug kstktmslmpjm. Kg lucgtm kfpklê c kslulecr fj lmrczüg, ugc gukvc njfkgsjüg sk corjü kg fj vjnc8 kd arcg lmgskhkrm lmfkgzü c ecodcrfk y ym c kslulecrdm. Guglc dm ecoæc kslulecnm m lmgsudtcnm cgtks, y pmr ksm octcddê ug pcr nk næcs pcrc kgtkgnkr su dkgauchk y êd pcrc cncptcrsk cd fæm, pkrm prmgtm kd njãdmam `duyü. Fj prjfkrc lmgsudtc pcrc êd `uk prkljscfkgtk smork Kgtmglks fj lmrczüg `ukpcrc fuycltucr ldcrm lmg y lmgtugnkgtk. Cemrckdymnjdkfc nkoæc quk tkgkrtkgæc. dc `mrtcdkzc jgtkrgc gklkscrjc ocsk c kscs nkljsjmgks quk fk suakræc. Fulems pmr jgakgujncn gm kslulecg c su lmrczüg pcrc tmfcr nkljsjmgks. Mtrms prk`jkrkg kvjtcr lmgsudtcrdm pmr fjknm c quk êstk dks njac sus vkrncnks y dks jgnjquk nkljsjmgks `ukrtks quk su nêojd fkgtk kaüdctrc gm pmnræc skaujr. Kd lmrczüg sjkfprk scorã dm quk ks oukgm pcrc gmsmtrms y pcrc kd fugnm pmrquk kstã lmgkltcnm lmg dc vjorcljüg nkd lmsfms. C cdaugcs pkrsmgcs dks rklmfjkgnm kstc njgãfjlc pcrc lmfkgzcr c kslulecr su lmrczüg. Lmfprc ug kstktmslmpjm “fjkgtrcs fãs ocrctm fkhmr pukstm quk pkscg fkgms“ y kslulec c tu lmrczüg nurcgtk 1 næcs, sclcgnm sclcgn m ug tjkfpm prunkgljcd pcrc lcnc sksjüg. Cd `jgcd nk lcnc njãdmam cgmtc kd arcg cprkgnjzchk nkd næc. Cd `jgcd nk dms 1 næcs njouhc ug fcgncdc quk jgtkark tmnms dms arcgnks cprkgnjzchks dmarcnms cd kslulecr c tu lmrczüg. Kd fcgncdc tk fmstrcrã kd lcfjgm jgjljcd quk nkoks tmfcr kg tu vjnc y dm cpdjlcrãs kg dcs nkljsjmgks quk tkgacs quk tmfcr kg ksk fmfkgtm. -------------------------------Lucgnm tu lmrczüg y tu lkrkorm sk cdjgkcg y cltøcg kg crfmgæc, dcs nkljsjmgks gclkg nkd Zm Kspjrjtucd y tmnm lmfjkgzc c `dujr. Cugquk ks njæljd lmg lmgstrujr strujr ksk

eãojtm puks pmr fulem tjkfpm ecs tmfcnm nkljsjmgks ocscncs kg fjknms, fj knms, hujljms, jnkcdjzcljmgks jnkcdjzcljm gks y prmarcfcljmgks prmarcfcljmgks ludturcdks jglmgsljkgtks, sj pkrsjstks kg crfmgjzcr lmrczüg-lkrkorm, lmrczüg-lk rkorm, prmgtm pmnrãs vkr vcdjmsms prmarksms kg tu vjnc kspjrjtucd y fctkrjcd. --------------------------------

5;

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

Jfcajgc quk cgtks nk lcnc sksjüg nk pdcgkcljüg kstrctêajlc lmrpmrctjvc dms khklutjvms tuvjkrcg ljglm fjgutms pcrc kslulecr su lmrczüg y kgtrcrcg c dc hugtc lmg ugc auæc nk tkfcs, clljmgks k jnkcs njltcncs pmr su lmrczüg. ¡Qmw, quê arcg sksjüg skræc ½gm=! Arcgnks jnkcs lüfm vcdmr tu ldjkgtk l djkgtk rksudtcræcg nk ksc sksjüg, lüfm trctcr nk ugcsmork fcgkrc fãscarkacr eufcgc c dmsc lmdcomrcnmrks, lüfm lmfpktjr nksnk ugc pdctc`mrfc êtjlc, lüfm l üfm lmfpcrtjr kd êxjtm y kd rklmgmljfjkgtm lmg tmnms dms jgvmdulrcnms. ½Luãd skræc dc ødtjfc vkz quk dms amokrgcgtks kslulecrmg su lmrczüg= ½Luãd skræc dc ødtjfc vkz quk dms dænkrks nk pcrtjnms tmfcrmg nkljsjmgks pkrfjtjkgnm quk kd lkrkorm sk cdjgkcrc prjfkrm lmg dcs jgtkgljmgks nkd lmrczüg= Kd lmrczüg sukdk skr fuy lrkctjvm kg lucgtm c dc `mrfc nk kgvjcrtk fkgschks. [gc vkz quk dm tmfcs kg lukgtc y lmfjkgzcs c kslulecrdm, tk puknk jgspjrcr pcrc quk vcycs c dc gcturcdkzc c rklupkrcr tu vkrncnkrc kskgljc, c mxjakgcr tu lukrpm, c nkspkhcr tu fkgtk y pkgscr fãs ldcrcfkgtk. Kd lmrczüg, cd kstcr vjorcgnm kg sjglrmgæc lmg kd lmsfms, puknkfãajlm kgvjcrtk c trcvês m ãromdks, m eclkrtk lcpturcr kd jgstcgtk kgfkgschks quk sk pmgk kd smdnkkgcgjfcdks kd emrjzmgtk pcrc rklmrncr dcs okddkzcs quk tk rmnkcg y dc fcrcvjddc nk kstcr vjvm. -------------------------------^u lmrczüg y kd pdcgm kspjrjtucd rkcdfkgtk sk ks`ukrzcg pcrc kgvjcrtk fkgschks.  ¡Puêdvktk rklkptjvm rklkptjvm c kddms!  --------------------------------

Dms dænkrks jgtkdjakgtks kspjrjtucdfkgtk vjvkg ãvjnms nk skócdks nkd [gjvkrsm y nk su lmrczüg. _kcdfkgtk dms kslulecg y kstãg ctkgtms. Kd vjkgtm quk dks clcrjljc kd rmstrm puknk rkprkskgtcr ugc skócd nk quê eclkr m quê gm eclkr. Ks kstc dc fcajc nk dc vjnc quk gms pkrnkfms lucgnm vjvjfms sjaujkgnm südm dc prmarcfcljüg fctkrjcd y tkrrkgcd quk gms skforcrmg nksnk gjóms. Ykrm dc eufjdncn y dc `k tk pkrfjtjrãg corjrtk c kstcs ks tcs skócdks y lmfkgzcr c vjvjr dc fcajc quk tk rmnkc, y fãs cøg, c eclkr fcajc. Dcs nkljsjmgks nksnk kd lmrczüg sk gmtcg, csæ lmfm tcfojêg dcs nkljsjmgks nksnk kd kam. Pjvjr nksnk kd nmdmr y kd fjknm trck lmgsklukgljcs c lmrtm m dcram pdczm. Pjvjr nksnk kd cfmr y dc cougncgljc jgtkrgc sjkfprk tk prkskgtcg arcgnks mpmrtugjncnks pcrc skr `kdjz, lmfpcrtjr y skrvjr. Z gm ks tcg nj`æljd lmgmlkr dm quk q uk aucrnc gukstrm lmrczüg. Fjrc, kd skr eufcgm ks dkltmr gctm nk dcs kfmljmgks kg kd rmstrm nk dms nkfãs, kg kspkljcd dcs fuhkrks. Kgtrk kddcs sk njlkg8 —\j qujkrks scokr sj tu emfork ks `jkd m gm, südm prkaøgtcdk nk `rkgtk. Gm lrkcs kg sus pcdcorcs, moskrvc sus mhms y ceæ kglmgtrcrãs dc vkrncn‖. Z tjkgkg tmnc dc rczüg, pmrquk dc

50

 

JP. ^MFC_ NKLJ\JMGK\ NK\NK KD LM_CXÜG

omlc kstã lmgkltcnc lmg kd lkrkorm y cd lkrkorm dk ecg kgskócnm c fkgtjr, kg tcgtm quk dms mhms kstãg lmgkltcnms lmg kd lmrczüg y kstk gm scok fkgtjr. Ks ljkrtm, dms mhms smg dc vkgtcgc cd lmrczüg. Ykrm, ½luãd `uk dc ødtjfc vkz quk tk moskrvcstk c dms mhms `jhcfkgtk kgnjgãfjlc8 ug kspkhm=kd^cd vkz eclk tjkfpm qukmhms gm dm Yuks tk rklmfjkgnm kstc prjfkr næc fulem tk moskrvcs c dms kgeclks. ug kspkhm pmr ug fjgutm, kd skaugnm næc pmr nms fjgutms, kd tkrlkrm pmr trks fjgutms, y csæ lmgsklutjvcfkgtk ecstc ddkacr cd næc

 

JP. ^MFC_ NKLJ\JMGK\ NK\NK KD LM_CXÜG

fênjlms, pmdætjlms m fctkfãtjlms, pmgjêgnmdk csæ ug arcg `rkgm c su pmnkr lrkcnmr k jggmvcnmr. Ymr mtrc pcrtk, c fulems guglc dks njhkrmg quk krcg kspærjtus fcgj`kstcnms kg ug pdcgm tkrrkgcd y quk tkgæcg ug arcg pmnkr pcrc kxjstjr y pcrc lrkcr. [g lrkljkrmg pmnkr prmlknkgtk nknkNjms nkd [gjvkrsm, qukeufcgms krc su nkrklem Kgtmglks lmg dc jnkc qukykrcg sjfpdks skrks lmg ug njvjgm. lukrpm y ugc fkgtk fuy djfjtcnms kg lucgtm c su pmnkr lrkcnmr. Kd pmnkr lrkcnmr vc nk dc fcgm lmg tu pmnkr vjsucdjzcnmr. Dc lcpcljncn nk vjsucdjzcr vc fãs cddã quk dc lcpcljncn nk jfcajgcr. Lmg dc jfcajgcljüg südm vks fkgtcdfkgtk, fjkgtrcs lmg dc vjsucdjzcljüg puknks lrkcr y prmykltcr ecljc c`ukrc arcgnks jnkcs, nklrktms y kfmljmgks. Gms kgskócrmg quk dms mhms südm sjrvkg pcrc lcptcr dcs rkcdjncnks kxtkrgcs, csæ lmfm quk gukstrc fkgtk kxjstæc pcrc jgtkrprktcr kstcs rkcdjncnks nksnk ljkrtcs pkrspkltjvcs yc prmarcfcncs, pkrm kg rkcdjncn dms mhms tjkgkg ugc u gc fjsjüg cnjljmgcd rkcdfkgtk jfpmrtcgtk quk ks prmykltcr ecljc kd kxtkrjmr dm quk lrkcfms kg kd jgtkrjmr. Kg `mrfc cgãdmac, kd rmd nk gukstrc fkgtk ks fulem fãs pmnkrmsm nk dm quk lrkæcfms, puks tcfojêg sjrvk pcrc lrkcr arcgnks rkcdjncnks lucgnm dc lmgkltcfms lmg gukstrm lmrczüg. Fulecs pkrsmgcs nuncg nk kstcs lcpcljncnks, m dcs nkslmgmlkg, y kgtmglks ddkvcg ugc vjnc fuy djfjtcnc. Jgldusm fulecs vjvkg lmfm rmomts m zmfojks, rkpdjlcgnm kg cutmfãtjlm dm quk mtrms smg, eclkg m dks njlkg quk qu k tjkgkg quk eclkr. \j c kstc nunc m nkslmgmljfjkgtm nk su pmnkr lrkcnmr y vjsucdjzcnmr dk sufcs dc lrkkgljc nk quk smg ug sjfpdk lukrpm-fkgtk kg duacr nk skrks kspjrjtucdks, y sj cnjljmgcdfkgtk sk dks jgludlc dc jnkc nk quk pcrc skr kxjtmsms dc rkadc fãs jfpmrtcgtk ks tkgkr njgkrm y clufudcr, kgtmglks tjkgks pkrsmgcs lmg arcgnks nj`jludtcnks pcrc nkscrrmddcr su jgtkdjakgljc kspjrjtucd. ks pjrjtucd. C dm dcram nk dc vjnc dk lknkfms gukstrm pmnkr lrkcnmr c gukstrms pcpãs, fckstrms, dænkrks nk mpjgjüg, `jaurcs cspjrcljmgcdks nk dc tkdkvjsjüg “lmfm crtjstcs m nkpmrtjstcs“, cfjams, rk`krkgljcs kg gukstrc prm`ksjüg, y ecstc c fcrlcs nk prmnultms. Ks tkrrjodk lucgnm pkrfjtjfms quk ugc fcrlc nk prmnultms gms njac dm quk tkgkfms quk eclkr pcrc skr fkhmrks, pmnkrmsms, cnfjrcnms m `kdjlks. Cdaugms sjaukg nkpkgnjkgnm nk tmfcr ug rk`rkslm m ug djlmr nk ljkrtc fcrlc pcrc skr `kdjlks, m lmgnuljr ug cutm nk duhm pcrc skgtjrsk pmnkrmsms y cnfjrcnms pmr dms nkfãs. Gm lmfprkgnkg quk smg kspærjtus pmnkrmsms fctkrjcdjzcnms kg ug lukrpm eufcgm pcrc vjvjr kstc kxpkrjkgljc tkrrkgcd fcrcvjddmsc, y quk `ukrmg nmtcnms nk ug pmnkr lrkcnmr jgfkgsm pcrc lrkcr su rkcdjncn, pcrc prm-lrkcr y pcrc rk-lrkcrsk c sæ fjsfms, jgldusm pcrc rk-lrkcr su pcscnm, su prkskgtk y su `uturm. Lucgnm nkscltjvcfms gukstrm pmnkr L_KCNM_, kg ksk fmfkgtm sk cltjvc kg cutmfãtjlm gukstrm pmnkr NK\^_[L^JPM. Csæ quk kg duacr nk lrkcr pkgscfjkgtms pmsjtjvms lrkcfms pkgscfjkgtms gkactjvms. Dm fjsfm mlurrk lmg

39;

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

dcs kfmljmgks, kgtmrgms, mracgjzcljmgks, mohktjvms, jgtkgljmgks, rjtucdks y lkrkfmgjcs nkstrultjvcs. Pjvjr nkslmgkltcnms nk gukstrm pmnkr lrkcnmr ks vjvjr lmgkltcnms lmg gukstrm pmnkr nkstrultjvm y skr nkpkgnjkgtks nk êd. \j gm vjvks pcrc vcdmr nksnk kdy cpdjlcs lmrczüglucdqujkr pcrc jkr ug kstrctkajc ldjkgtk, kgtmglks nknjlcnm c vkr lüfmlrkcr sclcrdk su njgkrm lucdqu m trulm vjvks pcrc lmgvkglkrdm nk quk tk dm kgtrkauk. \j gm vjvks nknjlcnm c lmgstrujr ugc `cfjdjc `kdjz ` kdjz y crfmgjmsc nksnk kd cfmr, kgtmglks südm prmfukvks ugc `cfjdjc fknjmlrk y kgnkodk, pmr fãs pmsksjmgks quk tkgac m puknc ddkacr c tkgkr. ------------------------------- _klupkrc tu pmnkr L_KCNM_ y L_KC nksnk kd cfmr y nksnk kd lmrczüg.  Ks tu nkrklem njvjgm, ks tu nkrklem nk gcljfjkgtm.  Z lmfm dænkr, `mfkgtc y prmfukvk quk

tus lmdcomrcnmrks, `cfjdjcrks y/m ljuncncgms dm pmgacg kg prãltjlc. Nk ksc fcgkrc fcgkrc rkspktcs su nkrklem njvjgm y rkspktcs tu prmpjc eufcgjncn kspjrjtucd. Ks kd KAM kd quk gmrfcdfkgtk sk mpmgk c quk mtrms skcg L_KCNM_K\ pmrquk gms puknkg rkstcr prmtcamgjsfm, csæ quk ecy quk q uk nkscltjvcr kd KAM y pkrfjtjr quk ecodk gukstrm kspærjtu c trcvês nk gukstrm lmrczüg. --------------------------------

390

 

 

P

Kd pmnkr nk dc vjsucdjzcljüg pcrc lrkcr y lcfojcr dc rkcdjncn

P. KD YMNK_ NK DC PJ\[CDJXCLJÜG YC_C L_KC_ Z LCFOJC_ DC _KCDJNCN

 

 P. K D Y M N K _ N K D C P J \ [ C D J X CL J Ü G YC _ C L _ K C _ Z LCFOJC_ DC _KCDJNCN

C pcrtjr nk mltuork nkd ?93>, fmtjvcnm pmr kd nkskm nk scdjr nk ugc sjtucljüg nurc kfmljmgcdfkgtk, c dc quk emy dk aucrnm prm`ugnc A_C^J^[N, fk vj kg dc gklksjncn nk rklmgkltcrfk lmg fj kspjrjtucdjncn, dc quk tkgæc fuy mdvjncnc. C pkscr nk quk kg ksc êpmlc nk fj vjnc ym kstunjcoc y cpdjlcoc dc psjlmdmaæc y dc gkurmljkgljc, lmfprkgnæ quk gj lmg tmnm dm quk kstcs nms njsljpdjgcs tkgæcg pcrc m`rklkrfk ym krc lcpcz nk rklmorcr fj crfmgæc y `kdjljncn. ` kdjljncn. Kgtmglks lcæ kg lukgtc nk quk gklksjtcræc ug arcg tmquk nk kspjrjtucdjncn kg fj vjnc. Kg vjstc nk quk fj urakgljc pcrc scdjr nkd pmzm kg kd quk fk kglmgtrcoc krc arcgnk, lmfkglê c eclkr ugc jgvkstjacljüg kg dc quk ym fjsfm fk pmgæc nk lmgkhjddm nk jgnjcs pcrc vjvjr y cprkgnkr lmg tmncs dcs fktmnmdmaæcs nk gcturcdkzc kspjrjtucd quk kstuvjkrcg c fj cdlcglk. [gc nk dcs prjfkrcs kxpkrjkgljcs quk vjvæ, y quk gcrrm nktcddcncfkgtk kg fjs djorms Dc Fmgtcóc , fk pkrfjtjü lmfprkgnkr quk dc arcg lcgtjncn nk jg`mrfcljüg quk ddkvcoc clufudcnc kg fj lcokzc l cokzc yc gm fk skrvæc. Kstc jg`mrfcljüg akgkrcoc eãojtms, fulems nk dms lucdks krcg fãs nkstrultjvms quk pmsjtjvms. Csæ lmfkgzü ug prmlksm nk rklmgstrulljüg nk cnkgtrm ecljc c`ukrc, tkgjkgnm quk kdjfjgcr fulem nk dm rkljojnm c dm dcram nk fj vjnc. Kg kstk prmlksm lmfprkgnæ quk ym kstcoc lrkcgnm fj rkcdjncn nk fcgkrc jglmgsljkgtk, fmvjnm pmr dc prmarcfcljüg c dc quk ym ecoæc kstcnm kxpukstm nurcgtk tcgtms cóms, y quk ecoæc ddkacnm dc emrc nk lrkcr nksnk kd lmrczüg. Ljkrtm næc, ug fckstrm “ugm nk dms fulems auæcs, lecfcgks, sclkrnmtks, ymaujs, y nkfãs quk ek lmgsudtcnm y ek tkgjnm dc `mrtugc nk kslulecr“ fk rklmrnü dm pmnkrmsc quk ks dc fkgtk pcrc lrkcr gukstrc rkcdjncn. Êd fk kgskóü, m fk cyunü c rklmrncr (pmrquk êd fjsfm fk njhm quk dms skrks eufcgms yc dm scokfms tmnm, quk südm ecy quk rklmrncrdm) quk dm quk lrkcfms kg dc fkgtk tjkgk kd pmnkr nk fctkrjcdjzcrsk kg dc rkcdjncn vjsjodk. Z quk gukstrc rkcdjncn jgtkrgc gm ks gj fkgms gj fãs quk dc rkcdjncn kxtkrgc, puks cfocs smg jaucdfkgtk jfpmrtcgtks. Fk kgskóü quk pcrc pkrljojr ugc rkcdjncn kxtkrgc pdclkgtkrc y cdkark, ym tkgæc quk vjsucdjzcr kg fj jgtkrjmr ugc rkcdjncn pdclkgtkrc y cdkark. ------------------------------- ^us mhms sjrvkg pcrc nms lmscs “fk njhm fj Fckstrm“ pcrc pkrljojr dc rkcdjncn kxtkrgc y pcrc prmykltcr ecljc c`ukrc tu rkcdjncn jgtkrgc. Lmg kstc `rcsk fk quknü

ldcrm kd pmnkr nk dc vjsucdjzcljüg kg kd skr eufcgm. --------------------------------

Kd pmnkr nk dc vjsucdjzcljüg ks csmformsm. Z njam —nk dc vjsucdjzcljüg‖ pmrquk ks csæ lmfm ym kfpdkm ksk têrfjgm, kg duacr nk —jfcajgcljüg‖. Ycrc fæ dc

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jfcajgcljüg ks ug prmlksm fãs jg`mrfcd y sukdtm, fjkgtrcs quk dc vjsucdjzcljüg lmgsjnkrc lmrczüg, vjrtunks y pmnkr fkgtcd pcrc PK_ [GC _KCDJNCN yc kxjstkgtk kg gukstrm jgtkrjmr, ugc rkcdjncn c dc quk südm dk `cdtc skr fctkrjcdjzcnc kg kd kxtkrjmr. K jgldusm sj südm ks sjfpdkfkgtk vjsucdjzcnc kg kd jgtkrjmr, tjkgk kd pmtkgljcd nk prmnuljr arcgnks k`kltms kg dc vjnc nk cdaujkg. Kd Fckstrm cgtks fkgljmgcnm fk njhm ug næc8 —\j kstcfms trcochcgnm lmg ugc  vjrtun,  vjrt un, gm tjkgks tjkgks quk quk kspkrcr kspkrcr c vvjvjr jvjr ugc sjtucljüg sjtucljüg kg pcrtjludcr pcrtjludcr pcrc cpdjlcr cpdjlcr ksc vjrtun. \j kg kstms fmfkgtms kstcfms trcochcgnm dc A_C^J^[N, kgtmglks vjsucdjzc yc c tu fcfã, rklmgmlk kd kgmrfk vcdmr nk kddc kg tu vjnc, ssjkgtk jkgtk dc A_C^J^[N y kxprêscdk tu skgtjfjkgtm‖. Moknjkgtk, csæ dm ejlk. Cugquk fj lkdudcr kstuvm cpcacnm nurcgtk tmnc dc sksjüg lmg êd, cd tkrfjgcr dm kglkgnæ y tkgæc vcrjms fkgschks nk fj fcfã kg dms quk fk nklæc quk ecoæc kstcnm pkgscgnm kg fæ. Kg ksk fmfkgtm kd cprkgnjzchk ecoæc qukncnm ldcrm, kd pmnkr nk dc vjsucdjzcljüg ks kgmrfk.  Hclmom Arkkgokra, ug `æsjlm luãgtjlm fkxjlcgm `cfmsm pmr sus kstunjms smork dms fêtmnms lecfãgjlms nk scgcljüg, kg pcrtjludcr dms quk rkcdjzcoc dc lurcgnkrc lmgmljnc lmfm Yclejtc, punm ctkstjaucr y gcrrcr kg sus djorms, lmg duhm nk nktcddk, lüfm kstc fuhkr lkrrcoc sus mhms, vjsucdjzcoc kd üracgm quk gklksjtcoc trcspdcgtcr kg ug kg`krfm, nkspuês dm fctkrjcdjzcoc nksnk kd lcfpm kgkraêtjlm (cd quk êd ddcfcoc dc DC^^JLK) y dm jghkrtcoc lmg êxjtm kg kd pcljkgtk. Krc ug cltm tmtcdfkgtk rkcd nk fcajc, m nk kspjrjtucdjncn, m nk `æsjlc luãgtjlc, kg kd quk tmnm kfpkzcoc kg kd jgtkrjmr y sk fctkrjcdjzcoc kg kd kxtkrjmr. -------------------------------Kg arcg fknjnc fknjnc tmnm kstã kg L_KK_. \j tø gm lrkks quk q uk kstm ks pmsjodk, gm sulknkrã dc fcajc. \j lmgsudtcs lmg ug nmltmr cdüpctc y tk nc ug fknjlcfkgtm, pkrm gm lrkks kg kd fknjlcfkgtm, fknjlcfkgtm, ks fuy prmocodk quk q uk gm scgks. \j vcs c ugc tkrcpjc emfkmpãtjlc, nk rkjbj, nk tcj lej, nk lrmfmtkrcpjc, nk fcagktmtkrcpjc m dm quk skc, y gm lrkks, gcnc vc c sulknkr. Lrkkr lmfjkgzc nkgtrm nk tj y sk fcgjjkstc kg tu lcfpm kgkraêtjlm, yc quk tø krks kgkraæc y tus jgtkgljmgks y pkgscfjkgtms tcfojêg dm smg. -------------------------------Kg fulecs rcfcs nk dc fknjljgc Mrjkgtcd sk tjkgk fuy ldcrm quk dms pkgscfjkgtms rklurrkgtks smg nucdks8 m kg`krfcg c dc pkrsmgc m dc scgcg. Kg ljkrtc mlcsjüg ug arupm nk fênjlms mrjkgtcdks rkcdjzü y arcoü ugc sksjüg nk scgcljüg nk ugc fuhkr quk tkgæc ug tufmr lkrlc nk su kstüfcam. Kddc kstcoc lmgkltcnc c ug kqujpm nk udtrcsmgjnm quk pkrfjtæc fmgjtmrkcr kd tufmr. Dms scgcnmrks sk rkugjkrmg kg tmrgm c dc pcljkgtk y lmfkgzcrmg c nkljr rætfjlcfkgtk y lmg pmtkgtk pkrsjstkgljc8 —Zc kstãs scgcnc, yc kstãs scgcnc, sc gcnc, yc kstãs scgcnc‖. Kg fkgms nk trks

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fjgutms kd tufmr ecoæc nkscpcrkljnm. Kstk prmlksm ks kxpdjlcnm pmr Arkaa Orcnkg, qujkg cgcdjzc y lmfpcrtk kd vjnkm3 quk pkrfjtjü rkajstrcr tmnc dc sklukgljc nk dc scgcljüg kg tjkfpm rkcd. ^cd vkz tk puknc pcrklkr pmlm lrkæodk kd lcsm nk dc scgcljüg nk cqukddc fuhkr, pkrm pcrc fæ ks tmtcdfkgtk lrkæodk puks ek vjstm dc fcajc nk dc `k pukstc kg prãltjlc y eclkr fjdcarms. Dm quk sulknjü kg ksk lcsm `uk quk dms scgcnmrks jg`duykrmg fulem pcrc quk dc pcljkgtk clkptcrc lmfm prmpjm ug pkgscfjkgtm fuy pmnkrmsm nk scgcljüg y quk lrkykrc y sjgtjkrc quk —yc kstcoc scgcnc‖.   [g dænkr tjkgk quk skr lcpcz nk prcltjlcr y vjvjr kd pmnkr nk dc vjsucdjzcljüg pcrc pmnkr lmglrktcr sus arcgnks pdcgks . Pjsucdjzcrsk ncgnm ug arcg njslursm, gcljnm nksnk kd lmrczüg y lmg tmnc dc `ukrzc nk su lukrpm pcrc fmvkr c fjdks nk lmdcomrcnmrks m ljuncncgms. Pjsucdjzcrsk jggmvcgnm kg ug gukvm prmnultm lmg arcgnks vcdmrks carkacnms. Pjsucdjzcrsk sjrvjkgnm nk dc fk hmr fcgkrc cd pøodjlm. Pjsucdjzcrsk `kdjz lmg su `cfjdjc. Kstc vjsucdjzcljüg eclk pmsjodk quk tmnm kstm skc nkspuês ugc rkcdjncn. Dc fknjtcljüg ks ugc arcg `mrfc nk prcltjlcr dc vjsucdjzcljüg pmrquk tk m`rklk dc mpmrtugjncn nk jr cd sjdkgljm jgtkrjmr. Nksnk dc fknjtcljüg puknks lmgkltcr tu kspærjtu c tu lmrczüg, tu lmrczüg c tu fkgtk y tu fkgtk c dcs arcgnks jnkcs. Dcs arcgnks jnkcs kstãg `dmtcgnm kg dc lmgsljkgljc l mgsljkgljc ugjvkrscd. \üdm ecy quk jr pmr kddcs kg fmfkgtms nk sjdkgljm jgtkrgm y kxtkrgm, pcrc eclkrdcs tuycs. Pjsucdæzctk kg pcz lmg tu pcscnm, lmg tus pcnrks, lmg tus ejhms, lmg tu pcrkhc, lmg tus kfmljmgks, lmg tu skxucdjncn, lmg tu lukrpm, lmg tu prmlksm nk akstcljüg, lmg kd fmfkgtm nk tu gcljfjkgtm, lmg tus coukdms, lmg kd njgkrm, lmg kd lmgmljfjkgtm y lmg tu trcochm, y prmgtm dm kstcrãs kg dc rkcdjncn kxtkrgc. Ymr dm prmgtm lmfkgzcrãs c njs`rutcr ZC kd kstcr kg pcz kg tu rkcdjncn jgtkrgc, y südm skrã lukstjüg nk tjkfpm pcrc quk c`ukrc sk ecac rkcdjncn. [g vjnkm quk lmfojgc cvcglks ljkgtæ`jlms lmgtkfpmrãgkms lmg cgtjaucs prãltjlcs kspjrjtucdks, gms rklukrnc kd vcdmr lruljcd nk dc vjsucdjzcljüg —vjvjnc y skgtjnc‖. Ks `ãljdfkgtk uojlcodk kg Zmu^uok y sk tjtudc —Arkaa Orcnkg, dc ljkgljc nk dms fjdcarms‖?  Cddæ Orcnkg njlk quk dms tkxtms kspjrjtucdks fãs cgtjaums suajkrkg quk tmnm gukstrm fugnm kstã lmgkltcnm kg `mrfcs quk rkljêg lmfkgzcfms c kgtkgnkr. Kstk lcfpm nk kgkraæc ec sjnm nk`jgjnm pmr ljkgtæ`jlms mlljnkgtcdks lmfm ugc rkn nk kgtrkdczcfjkgtm luãgtjlm “gms njlk emy dc @æsjlc Luãgtjlc“ quk lrkc dc tkdc suoyclkgtk c tmnc dc lrkcljüg. Kstk lcfpm nk kgkraæc quk tmnm dm ugk y lmfpk3. Kgdclk c kstk vjnkm, lmg suotætudms kg kspcómd8 kspcómd8 ymutu.ok/JXqBc ymutu.ok/JXqBc?pj:l  ?pj:l  ?. ymutu.ok/u[xB@;Y;;0S 

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gktrc eclk quk vjvcfms kg ug —ugjvkrsm jg`mrfcnm‖, csæ nkslrjtm pmr akgjms nk dc tcddc nk Krvjg Dcszdm. —Kstk ks ug lcfpm jgtkdjakgtk quk rkspmgnk c dcs kfmljmgks eufcgcs‖, cldcrc Orcnkg, qujkg cócnk8 —Kg dc ludturc mlljnkgtcd smdkfms utjdjzcr luctrm `mrfcs nk pdkacrjc8 dc jg`mrfcd, dc pktjljmgcrjc, dc rjtucdjstc y dc fknjtctjvc. Kd qujgtm fmnm nk mrcr, ocscnm kg kd skgtjfjkgtm, akgkrcdfkgtk ks nkslmgmljnm kg mlljnkgtk. [g fmghk cd quk  vjsjtêê kg kd ^æokt lmg ugms cfjams,  vjsjt cfjams, nkslrjoæc nkslrjoæc ug fmnm nk mrcljüg mrcljüg ocscnm kg kd skgtjfjkgtm y gms nklæc quk nkoæcfms skgtjr lmfm sj dc mrcljüg yc euojkrc sjnm rkspmgnjnc. Suk c trcvês nk ksk skgtjr gms kstcfms lmfugjlcgnm lmg dcs `ukrzcs nk dc lrkcljüg, pkrfjtjkgnm quk ksk fugnm trcslkgnkgtk gms rkspmgnc, ecljkgnm pmsjodk quk ksk lcfpm emdmarã`jlm, kstc fkgtk nk Njms, gms rkspmgnc lmg ocsk kg kd skgtjfjkgtm nk gukstrms lmrczmgks. Kstk fêtmnm gms jgvjtc c skgtjr kd rksudtcnm nk gukstrc mrcljüg lmfm sj `uêrcfms pcrtjljpcgtks nk ksc rkspukstc, nk ksc pcz‖. —C prjgljpjms nk dms cóms :9 tuvk dc mpmrtugjncn nk vjvjr nk lkrlc kstk fmnm nk mrcljüg, ocscnc kg kd skgtjr. Kg kd nksjkrtm nkd surmkstk nk KK[[ sk kglmgtrcocg kg fknjm nk ugc tkrrjodk skquæc y ug cfjam gctjvm cfkrjlcgm fk jgvjtü pcrc quk dm clmfpcócrc c ug duacr kg kd nksjkrtm lkrlc nk Gukvm Fêxjlm, pcrc lmfpcrtjr ugc pdkacrjc pmr dc dduvjc. Aujcnms pmr êd `ujfms c ug duacr tcg rkfmtm y cgtjaum quk jgldusm dms gctjvms nk emy gm scokg qujêg dm lmgstruyü. Krc kskgljcdfkgtk ug lærludm nk pjknrcs, nmgnk lcnc pjknrc pcrklæc kstcr cddæ nksnk sus mræakgks. Êd jgjljü dc pdkacrjc  y  y dm quk ejzm `uk qujtcrsk dcs zcpctjddcs y kgtrcr cd lærludm lmg dms pjks nkslcdzms. Cd lmfjkgzm ddcfü c tmnms sus cglkstrms ecljc dcs luctrm njrklljmgks y dukam fk njm dc kspcdnc lmg dcs fcgms kg pmsjljüg nk mrcljüg, smdm nurcgtk cdaugms skaugnms. Z dukam sk s k njm dc vukdtc y fk njhm8 ^kgam ecfork, vcfms c lmfkr cdam‖. —Lucgnm dk prkaugtê pmr dc pdkacrjc quk ecræcfms pcrc quk ddmvjkrc, fk njhm8 ―Gm sk trctc nk pknjr, pmrquk sj rkzcfms pcrc quk ddukvc, kgtmglks gm vc c ddmvkr, pmrquk kg kd fmfkgtm kg quk rkzcs pcrc quk cdam mlurrc, kstãs ssjgtjkgnm jgtjkgnm quk gm kxjstk ksk fmfkgtm‚. Z kgtmglks dk prkaugtê8 ―½quê ejljstk kgtmglks sj gm `uk ugc mrcljüg pcrc quk ddmvjkrc= ½Suê sulknjü lucgnm lkrrcstk dms mhms=‚. \u rkspukstc `uk8 ―lucgnm ljkrrm dms mhms lmfjkgzm c kvmlcr ksk skgtjfjkgtm s kgtjfjkgtm nk lüfm sk sjkgtk dc dduvjc kg gukstrm pukodm, y rklukrnm lüfm eukdk kd cjrk c tjkrrc fmhcnc y lüfm fjs pjks sk fmhcg y sk kgtjkrrcg. Z sjkgtm quk kstmy ks tmy pjscgnm kd dmnm y ecy fulem dmnm pmrquk kstã ddmvjkgnm fulem. Z nk ksc fcgkrc corm dc pukrtc c dc pmsjojdjncn nk trckr dduvjc c gukstrm fugnm‚. ^rcs rkarkscr c dc ljuncn, kg kd rkpmrtk fktkmrmdüajlm nk ksk næc punk vkr quk euom lcfojms sjagj`jlctjvms kg dms ljkdms nk [tce, kg kspkljcd ecljc Lmdmrcnm y Gukvm Fêxjlm. Z tuvjfms dduvjc ksc gmlek y nurcgtk vcrjms næcs fãs‖.

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 P. K D Y M N K _ N K D C P J \ [ C D J X CL J Ü G YC _ C L _ K C _ Z LCFOJC_ DC _KCDJNCN

Zm cprkgnæ nk ug Fckstrm Kspjrjtucd, y csæ dm kslrjoæ kg fj djorm Dc Fmgtcóc vmd. JJ , quk kd skr eufcgm ec cprkgnjnm c mrcr c ocsk nk pktjljmgks. Z ks ljkrtm, lucgnm smfms gjóms tmnm dm quk eclkfms cd mrcr ks pknjr pmr gukstrc scdun y dc nk dms skrks qukrjnms, pmr trcochm y rklursms klmgüfjlms, pmr ugc `cfjdjc ugjnc, y pmr tcgtms nkskms fãs. \j clcsm c cdaugms tcfojêg gms kgskócrmg quk cd mrcr nkoæcfms nk carcnklkr. \jg kfocram, dcs mrcljmgks fãs pmnkrmscs, y csæ fk dm kgskóü fj Fckstrm, sulknkg lucgnm gms lmfprmfktkfms lmg tmnm cqukddm quk pknjfms. Êd fk jgstruyü quk pmr lcnc pktjljüg ym tkgæc quk eclkr trks lmfprmfjsms, y quk fk vjsucdjzcrc ddkvcgnm c lcom ksms lmfprmfjsms pcrc quk gm fk `ukrcg nkspuês tcg lmfpdjlcnms nk ddkvcr c dc rkcdjncn. Csæ, kd pmnkr lrkcnmr cpdjlcnm kg dc mrcljüg kstã kg vjsucdjzcrtk ddkvcgnm c lcom lmg tmnc tu pcsjüg dcs clljmgks quk kstãg kg tj pcrc quk cdam sulknc, sulknc , y südm kspkrcr c quk kd nkskm mlurrc. Kg dc `ukrzc nk tus lmfprmfjsms lmg tus pktjljmgks, skaurm kstã jfpdæljtm kd pmnkr fjsfm nk tus nklrktms. -------------------------------Dc rkcdjncn eufcgc ks ug rkdkhm nk dc rkcdjncn kspjrjtucd. Gukstrm kspærjtu `uk prjfkrm kg kd lcfpm kgkraêtjlm y nkspuês, lmg dc okgnjljüg nk Njms, sk fcgj`kstü kg ugc rkcdjncn  æsjlc y tkrrkgcd tkrrkgcd pkr pkrlkptjodk lkptjodk c dms skgt skgtjnms jnms eufcg eufcgms. ms. Yrjfk Yrjfkrm rm `ujfms lmglk lmglkojnms ojnms kg uugc gc vjsucdjzcljüg jgtkrgc y dukam `ujfms fcgj`kstcnms kg ugc rkcdjncn kxtkrgc. -------------------------------Ousqukfms `mrfcs nk cprmvklecr gukstrm pmnkr lrkcnmr pcrc akgkrcr smduljmgks pcrc kd fugnm, pcrc dms nkfãs, y gm südm pcrc gmsmtrms. [g arcg prmodkfc nk dc eufcgjncn ks quk, cd vjvjr kg kstcnm nk kslcskz, kg`mlcfms gukstrm pmnkr lrkcnmr tcg südm kg ouslcr smduljmgks pcrc gmsmtrms, y mdvjncfms pkgscr kg dms nkfãs. Cd ecokr sjnm prmarcfcnms lmg kd fkgschk nk quk gklksjtcfms nkfcsjcnm pcrc smorkvjvjr y skr `kdjlks, gms ddkgcfms nk tcgtms nmdmrks y fjknms quk pcscfms dc vjnc kgtkrc ouslcgnm ddkgcr gukstrms vclæms lmg ojkgks fctkrjcdks, kg duacr nk ddkgcrdms lmg cfmr y kg`mlcrgms kg ouslcr smduljmgks rkcdks pcrc dms prmodkfcs nk dc eufcgjncn.

Kd pmnkr nk gukstrms nklrktms [g nklrktm ks ug nkskm quk sk akstc nksnk dm fãs prm`ugnm nk gukstrm skr y quk jgvmdulrc fulecs kfmljmgks. nklrktm ks, kg ^mnc arcg fknjnc, vjsucdjzcljüg y vkrocdjzcljüg jgtkrgc nk ugc [g rkcdjncn kxtkrgc. pkrsmgc,ugc y fãs dms dænkrks quk qujkrkg lrklkr lmfm pkrsmgcs y clkptcr dc rkspmgscojdjncn nk aujcr c fu-

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JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

lecs pkrsmgcs ecljc mohktjvms kspklæ`jlms, tjkgkg quk skr lmgsljkgtks nkd pmnkr nk sus nklrktms y eclkrsk rkspmgscodks nk kddms. ^kgkfms kd pmnkr nk akgkrcr y dcgzcr nklrktms pmsjtjvms y tcfojêg gkactjvms, c `cvmr mtrms m kg lmgtrc nk kddms, m c `cvmr nk gmsmtrms m kg lmgtrc gukstrc. Kd [gjvkrsm gm njstjgauk nk nklrktms gkactjvms m pmsjtjvms, dms quk dm eclkfms smfms gmsmtrms nkpkgnjkgnm nk dcs lmgsklukgljcs nk lcnc ugm2 pmr kddm kd [gjvkrsm südm kslulec y fctkrjcdjzc kg sus tjkfpms. -------------------------------Ecstc ljkrtm pugtm, dm quk q uk vjvjfms emy ks prmnultm nk fulems nklrktms quk dcgzcfms kg kd pcscnm, lmgsljkgtk lmgsljkgtk m jglmgsljkgtkfkgtk. jglmgsljkgtkfkgtk.  ^mfcr lmgsljkgljc nk quk tmnm cqukddm quk vjsucdjzcstk kg kd pcscnm ec sjnm ugc `ukrzc quk ec nk`jgjnm tu rkcdjncn prkskgtk, ks ug  arcg pcsm pcrc fcnurcr y lrklkr lmfm ksk skr eufcgm kspjrjtucd quk kg kskgljc krks.

-------------------------------½Luãgtms nklrktms gm dcgzcstk ecljc mtrms y ecljc tj fjsfm kg kd pcscnm= Cdaugms nk pmtkgljcdks lmgsklukgljcs pmsjtjvcs, y mtrms nk pmtkgljcdks lmgsklukgljcs gkactjvcs. Kstcocs kgmhcnm m lkdmsm pmrquk tu fcfã dk nknjlcoc fãs ctkgljüg c tus ekrfcgms quk c tj y pkgscstk8 —Cdaøg næc fk vmy c kg`krfcr y tmnc dc ctkgljüg nk fj fcfã skrã pcrc fæ‖. Kstk nklrktm sk quknü rkpmscgnm kg kd kspcljm lüsfjlm y ug næc, hustm lucgnm gm dm kspkrcocs, puf, sskk ejzm rkcdjncn. Kg fulecs mlcsjmgks dms nklrktms sk fctkrjcdjzcg lucgnm gm dms kspkrcfms, m kg `mrfcs quk gm kspkrcfms, y ks pmr ksm quk puknkg ddkacr c nmdkr fulem. \j eclks ugc rk`dkxjüg prm`ugnc m vjvks ugc rkarksjüg, kglmgtrcrãs quk tø ecs nklrktcnm dm quk vjvks emy c gjvkd lmrpmrcd-`jsjmdüajlm, kfmljmgcd, dcomrcd, klmgüfjlm y `cfjdjcr m nk pcrkhc. Z sj lrkks kg dm quk tk kstmy njljkgnm vkrãs quk kd øgjlm rkspmgscodk nk tu sjtucljüg cltucd krks tø fjsfm. _klukrnm kd lcsm nk ugc fuhkr quk nurcgtk vcrjms cóms kstuvm nkskcgnm tkgkr dc `ukrzc pcrc skpcrcrsk nk su fcrjnm quk dc fcdtrctcoc, pkrm gm pmnæc. Nurcgtk ug tjkfpm cdokraü ug pkgscfjkgtm jglmgsljkgtk nk —mhcdã quk sulknc cdam quk gms ecac skpcrcrgms nk ugc vkz pmr tmncs‖. Cfoms su`rjkrmg ug clljnkgtk cutmfmvjdæstjlm kg kd quk su fcrjnm joc fcgkhcgnm. Kddc quknü fuy dcstjfcnc kg su lukrpm y dc rkdcljüg quknü cøg fãs `rcafkgtcnc, tmnm dm lucd fmtjvü dc skpcrcljüg `jgcd. Ldcrm, tcfojêg punjstk ecokr dcgzcnm fulems nklrktms nk lmgsklukgljcs pmsjtjvcs pcrc tj y pcrc dms nkfãs, nklrktms quk emy kstãs vjvjkgnm. —Sujkrm tkgkr ugc `cfjdjc `ukrtk y `kdjz‖, —nkskm lmg tmnm fj lmrczüg dc cougncgljc jgtkrgc y fctkrjcd, prmnultm nk ugc vjnc lmgsljkgtk y ddkgc nk vcdmrks‖, —fk austcræc tkgkr ug lukrpm quk skc fj cdjcnm y gm fj kgkfjam, pcrc dmarcr fulems mohktjvms quk

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 P. K D Y M N K _ N K D C P J \ [ C D J X CL J Ü G YC _ C L _ K C _ Z LCFOJC_ DC _KCDJNCN

fk ek pdcgtkcnm‖. Fulems lmgstruykg lmddcaks vjsucdks lmg kstms nklrktms, dms kgfcrlcg y dms lmdmlcg kg ug duacr vjsjodk pcrc rklmrncrdms lmgstcgtkfkgtk. Kd pmnkr nk gukstrms nklrktms ks fuy arcgnk, y pmr kddm tkgkfms quk skr sjkfprk lujncnmsms lmg kd dkgauchk nk gukstrcs kfmljmgks y pkgscfjkgtms, kg kspkljcd lucgnm kstcfms kxpkrjfkgtcgnm kfmljmgks gkactjvcs, yc quk kg ksms fmfkgtms, lmg dc fkgtk guodcnc pmr dm quk kstcfms kxpkrjfkgtcgnm, pmnkfms ddkacr c dcgzcr nklrktms pkrhunjljcdks. Dc vjrtun nk eclkrgms rkspmgscodks nk gukstrcs clljmgks y nk sus lmgsklukgljcs tjkgk nms gjvkdks8 kd prjfkrm ks kd tkrrkgcd y kd skaugnm ks kd kspjrjtucd. —Fk ecam rkspmgscodk nk dc sjtucljüg cltucd nk fj lukrpm, prmnultm nk dc cdjfkgtcljüg quk dk ek ncnm pmr tcgtms cóms‖. Kstm ks c gjvkd tkrrkgcd. M, —fk ecam rkspmgscodk, kg tmnm dm quk fk lmrrkspmgnk, nk dc skpcrcljüg nk fj pcrkhc, puks euom fulecs clljmgks y mfjsjmgks nk fj pcrtk quk gms ddkvcrmg cd rmfpjfjkgtm‖. Z c gjvkd kspjrjtucd8 —Fk ecam rkspmgscodk nk ecokr kslmajnm c fjs fjs pcnrks nksnk kd pdcgm kspjrjtucd2 pmr cdaugc rczüg ym gklksjtcoc vjvjr dc kxpkrjkgljc nk tkgkrdms c kddms lmfm pcnrks y gclkr kg kstk kspcljm-tjkfpm‖. M, —fk ecam rkspmgscodk nk ecokr kdkajnm c kstc pkrsmgc lmfm smljm, sê quk hugtms nkljnjfms skr fckstrms kd ugm nkd mtrm kg kstc vjnc y quk cdam tkgam quk cprkgnkr nk êd y êd tjkgk fulem quk cprkgnkr nk fæ, cugquk dc sjtucljüg skc tcg lmfpdjlcnc‖. Nksc`mrtugcncfkgtk, sj fulems gm smg lcpclks nk eclkrsk rkspmgscodks c gjvkd tkrrkgcd, fulem fkgms dm ecrãg c gjvkd kspjrjtucd. ks pjrjtucd. -------------------------------[g dænkr quk cpdjlc dc jgtkdjakgljc kspjrjtucd kg su vjnc, kg tmnm dm quk q uk eclk, ks lcpcz nk eclkrsk rkspmgscodk rkspmgscodk nk sus clljmgks y sus lmgsklukgljcs, lmgsklukgljcs, tcgtm c gjvkd tkrrkgcd lmfm c gjvkd kspjrjtucd. -------------------------------Cougncg dms fcgtrcs (`rcsks nk pmnkr) kg dc wko y kg fulems djorms pcrc nklrktcr dc cougncgljc kg dms gkamljms. ^cfojêg dms ecy pcrc ctrckr dc `kdjljncn y dc scdun c gukstrcs vjncs. Fulecs mrcljmgks y fknjtcljmgks sk ocscg prkljscfkgtk kg kstm, c`jrfcr (quk ks sjfjdcr c nklrktcr kg tjkfpm prkskgtk) ugc rkcdjncn pcrc gukstrc vjnc. \jg kfocram, ks `ugncfkgtcd quk lcnc mrcljüg, fknjtcljüg, fcgtrc m nklrktm vcyc clmfpcócnm sjkfprk nk LMFY_MFJ\M\ pugtucdks. Gm sk trctc südm nk c`jrfcr m pknjr, sjgm nk lmfprmfktkrgms c tmfcr clljüg pcrc quk dcs lmscs ddkaukg m sk nkg. —Fk lmfprmfktm c gutrjr fj lukrpm lmg dms fkhmrks cdjfkgtms, okgnkljrdms y rkljojrdms lmg fulec arctjtun pcrc tkgkr ugc arcg scdun‖. —Fk lmfprmfktm c trctcr nk ugc fcgkrc hustc y eufcgc c tmnms

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JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

fjs lmdcomrcnmrks. Nklrktm tkgkr ugc kfprksc ddkgc nk lmdcomrcnmrks k`jljkgtks y lrkctjvms‖. —Nklrktm tkgkr ugc arcg rkdcljüg nk pcrkhc y fk lmfprmfktm c kslulecrdc, skr emgkstm, tkgkr fmfkgtms nk lcdjncn pcrc cfoms, rkspktcr sus mo hktjvms y ncrdk c lmgmlkr dms fæms pcrc quk ecacfms kqujpm lucgnm skc pmsjodk‖. Eclkrgms rkspmgscodks nk gukstrms nklrktms tcfojêg jfpdjlc skr lmgsljkgtks nk dcs c`jrfcljmgks lmdkltjvcs quk dcgzcfms. Khkfpdm8 —tmnms dms pmdætjlms smg lmrruptms‖, y zcz, kstm sk vukdvk ugc rkcdjncn kg tmnm ug pcæs pmrquk fjddmgks nk pkrsmgcs c`jrfcg ksm nk fcgkrc lmgsljkgtk m jglmgsljkgtk. Ekfms sjnm prmarcfcnms pcrc akgkrcr c`jrfcljmgks y nklrktms nksnk pkqukóms, pkrm ddkac ug næc kg quk tkgkfms quk nkspkrtcr y tmfcr lmgljkgljc nk gukstrc prmarcfcljüg, rklmgstrujrgms nk cnkgtrm ecljc c`ukrc y kdjfjgcr nk gukstrm sjstkfc s jstkfc prmarcfcljmgks `cfjdjcrks y ludturcdks quk vkgjfms rkpjtjkgnm nurcgtk nêlcncs y quk kg gcnc gms cyuncg. Mtrcs prmarcfcljmgks sulknkg kg tmrgm c dc kncn8 —Kd rjksam nk lmgtrckr lãglkr nk prüstctc ks cdtæsjfm kg emfork fcymrks nk ;9 cóms‖, m —kstã nk fmnc quk dcs fu hkrks tkgacg lãglkr nk fcfc‖, m —ejhm, sj pjscs kd sukdm nkslcdzm tk vcs c kg`krfcr nk arjpc‖. Z kd pkmr nklrktm nkl rktm gkactjvm lmdkltjvm quk kslulecfms kg kstms tjkfpms8 —ugc lctãstrm`k admocd sk cvkljgc quk sclunjrã c dcs lmgsljkgljcs‖. Ks jfpmrtcgtk skr fulem fãs lmgsljkgtks nk gukstrcs pcdcorcs, skgtjfjkgtms y c`jrfcljmgks. Kstc ks ugc arcg `mrfc nk fcnurcr, lrklkr y nkhcr nk vjvjr kg cutmfãtjlm y lmfm gjóms. Nklrktcrdk südm lmscs pmsjtjvcs c cqukddcs pkrsmgcs lmg dcs quk tkgkfms rkdcljmgks ks ugc `mrfc nk vjvjr kg cfmr jglmgnjljmgcd y kg pdkgjtun. Jgldusm nklrktcr lmscs pmsjtjvcs kg okgk`jljm nk gukstrms lmgtrjglcgtks pmdætjlms, c qujkgks `mrfcg pcrtk nk gukstrc lmfpktkgljc kfprkscrjcd m c qujkgks scokfms quk ecg trctcnm nk eclkrgms ncóm kg kd pcscnm, smg `mrfcs nk vjvjr lmg jgtkdjakgljc kspjrjtucd, kstcr kg pcz y vjvjr kd cfmr jglmgnjljmgcd. -------------------------------Kd cfmr jglmgnjljmgcd gm dm cprkgnks lmg tus ejhms m tus pcnrks, puks lmg kddms kd cfmr sk nc nk fcgkrc gcturcd y gm rkqujkrk rkq ujkrk ks`ukrzm. Kd vkrncnkrm cfmr jglmgnjljmgcd sk cprkgnk lmg qujkgks ejstürjlcfkgtk gm ekfms tkgjnm ugc oukgc rkdcljüg. \mg kddms lmg qujkgks cprkgnkfms dc jglmgnjljmgcdjncn jglmgnjljmgcdjncn nkd cfmr. -------------------------------Kxjstkg cdaugms nklrktms kslmgnjnms kg gukstrm jglmgsljkgtk kg `mrfc nk PK_NCNK\ m L_KKGLJC\, y cddæ sk aucrncrmg nksnk gukstrc gjókz. [gm nk kstms nklrktms ks fuy pmnkrmsm y scomtkc gukstrc scdun, kd êxjtm, dc `kdjljncn y

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 P. K D Y M N K _ N K D C P J \ [ C D J X CL J Ü G YC _ C L _ K C _ Z LCFOJC_ DC _KCDJNCN

dc cougncgljc. Kstk nklrktm ks8 —Gm fkrkzlm‖. Ecy fulecs pkrsmgcs quk kg su gjókz vjvjkrmg sjtucljmgks nmdmrmscs pmr dcs quk sk sjgtjkrmg ludpcodks, m `ukrmg ludpcnms krrügkcfkgtk pmr mtrms y kddms clkptcrmg ksc ludpc, y kg cfoms tjpms nk sjtucljmgks akstcrmg ksk nklrktm8 —Gm fkrkzlm‖. Kstc c`jrfcljüg khkrlk pmnkr nksnk cnkgtrm y eclk quk kscs pkrsmgcs GM ctrcjacg gcnc oukgm c sus vjncs, ecljêgnmdcs vjvjr kg kslcskz, sjg cfmr, scomtkcgnm tmnm kd tjkfpm su lrkljfjkgtm pkrsmgcd y prm`ksjmgcd y cqukhcnms nk lmgstcgtks prmodkfcs nk scdun. —Ldcrm, csæ fk sulknk sjkfprk‖, —sjkfprk kstmy kg`krfm‖, —dcs pcrkhcs guglc sk qukncg lmgfjam nurcgtk fãs nk skjs fksks‖, —lucgnm cpkgcs kfpjkzcg c pmgkrsk ojkg fjs gkamljms, cdam pcsc y `rclcsm‖, ktlêtkrc. _klmrnkfms tcfojêg quk fjkgtrcs fãs sk rkpjtcg dms nklrktms m c`jrfcljmgks, fãs `ukrtks sk vukdvkg, pmr nms rczmgks pmnkrmscs. Yrjfkrc, pmrquk sk smdjnj`jlcg fãs kg gukstrcs lmgkxjmgks gkurmgcdks. Fjkgtrcs fãs sk cltjvkg ljkrtcs lmgkxjmgks gkurmgcdks, fãs `ukrtks sk vmdvkrãg. Z skaugnc, pmrquk fjkgtrcs fãs dcs dcglkfms cd [gjvkrsm, fãs skrãg kslulecncs y lmg fãs `ukrzc sk pmnrãg  vmdvkr ugc rkcdjncn pcrc gmsmtrms. Ymr kddm lmgsjnkrcfms quk ks jfpmrtcgtk gm südm nkscrrmddcr kd eãojtm scgcnmr y trcgs`mrfcnmr nk nklrktcr lmscs pmsjtjvcs pcrc tj y pcrc tus rkdcljmgks, y gm pcrtjljpcr kg nklrktms gkactjvms lmdkltjvms, sjgm eclkr ugc rkvjsjüg prm`ugnc nk tus lrkkgljcs aucrncncs kg tu fkgtk lmgsljkgtk, y smork tmnm kg tu pcrtk jglmgsljkgtk. Kstm ks `ugncfkgtcd pcrc dmarcr skr dænkr, prjfkrm nk tu lukrpm, tu fkgtk, tu scdun, tu prmarksm, tu `kdjljncn y tu vjnc, y nkspuês djnkrcr mracgjzcljmgks m gcljmgks. Kg dc cltucdjncn kxjstkg fulecs pkrsmgcs quk pcrtjljpcg nk nklrktms gkactj vms lmdkltjvms. Ymr khkfpdm, tmnms cqukddms quk c`jrfcg quk q uk sk cvkljgcg nkscstrks m lctcldjsfms pcrc —purj`jlcr‖ kd fugnm. M qujkgks c`jrfcg quk tmnms dms pmdætjlms smg lmrruptms. Fulems mtrms quk sk sufcg c dc fmnc y craufkgtcg quk dc arcg fcymræc nk dcs fuhkrks nk fãs nk >; cóms nkscrrmddcg lãglkr nk skgm, m quk dc fcymræc nk dms emforks nkspuês nk fãs nk ;9 cóms tkgnrãg lãglkr nk prüstctc. \ufcrsk c kstms nklrktms m c`jrfcljmgks m —nkskms‖ lmdkltjvms lmgddkvc ugc cdtc prmocojdjncn nk vjvjrdms. Dc kncn gm nkok kstcr vjgludcnc c kg`krfkncnks kspklæ`jlcs gj c lmgnjljmgks pcrtjludcrks, y sj csæ tk dm ecg njlem y dm ecs lrkænm puks csæ dm ecs nklrktcnm pcrc tj y tu vjnc. Ymr ksm tk rklmfjkgnm kg `mrfc kspkljcd quk ousquks akgkrcr sjkfprk nklrktms pmsjtjvms pcrc tj y dms tuyms, y quk tk sufks c nklrktms lmdkltj vms pmsjtjvms. —Ecy ug arcg nkspkrtcr nk lmgsljkgljc kg dc eufcgjncn y smfms ddcfcnms c pcrtjljpcr kg êd‖.

331

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

_klupkrcgnm gukstrm pmnkr lrkcnmr C dm dcram nk dc vjnc vcfms lknjkgnm, kgtrkacgnm, nkpmsjtcgnm gukstrm pmnkr lrkcnmr kg mtrcs pkrsmgcs. Cd prjgljpjm nk gukstrc vjnc dk kgtrkacfms gukstrm pmnkr lrkcnmr c gukstrms pcnrks2 kddms smg dms quk nkljnkg quê vcfms c lmfkr, quê vcfms c vkr kg dc tkdk, quê vcfms c huacr, quê vcfms c vkstjr y kg nügnk  vcfms c kstcr. Lmg`mrfk vcfms lrkljkgnm lrkkfms quk kstcfms motkgjkgnm fãs lcpcljncn pcrc nkljnjr pmr gmsmtrms fjsfms y lrkcr gukstrcs prmpjcs jnkcs y fctkrjcdjzcrdcs, pkrm kg rkcdjncn kg fulems lcsms dm quk ec sulknjnm ks quk dk crrkoctcfms cdam nkd pmnkr lrkcnmr c gukstrms pcnrks pcrc kgtrkaãrskdm c gukstrms fckstrms nk kslukdc, c gukstrms cfjams c qujkgks cnfjrcfms, m c ljkrtms pkrsmgchks nk dc tkdkvjsjüg y nk Jgtkrgkt. Z kg dc êpmlc nk dc cnmdkslkgljc y hu vkgtun, lucgnm fãs kstcfms kg kd prmlksm nk oøsquknc oøsqu knc nk gukstrc guks trc jnkgtjncn, dk kgtrkacfms jglmgsljkgtkfkgtk gukstrm pmnkr lrkcnmr y nk tmfc nk nkljsjmgks c gukstrc pcrkhc, crtjstcs, nkpmrtjstcs, kfprkscrjms, dænkrks nk mpjgjüg m arcgnks aurøks. Jgldusm ncfms jgnkojnc jfpmrtcgljc c ljkrtcs fcrlcs nk rmpc, zcpctms, cutms, lmsfêtjlms m kdkltrügjlms. Lucgnm gms arcnucfms y motkgkfms gukstrm prjfkr kfpdkm, dk lknkfms tcfojêg fulem pmnkr cd djnkrczam lmrpmrctjvm, c dms prmlksms jgstjtuljmgcdks y c dms fknjms nk lmfugjlcljüg. \j c kstk prmlksm nk lksjüg nkd pmnkr lrkcnmr dk sufcfms kd smfktjfjkgtm c dcs rkadcs y prmlksms quk gms jfpmgkg “dms lucdks djfjtcg fãs dms kspcljms y fmfkgtms pcrc cpdjlcr gukstrc djork lrkctjvjncn“, dc fcdc cdjfkgtcljüg quk fctc gkurmgcs y mostruyk crtkrjcs vjtcdks, kd kstrês cd quk vjvjfms smfktjnms pmr tkfcs klmgüfjlms y dcomrcdks quk djfjtcg dc fmtjvcljüg y lcpcljncn lmagjtjvc, motkgkfms lmfm rksudtcnm c pkrsmgcs quk ecg rknuljnm cd fægjfm su pmnkr llrkcnmr. rkcnmr. Kg 3:05 Akmrak Dcgn njskóü y cpdjlü ug tkst nk lrkctjvjncn c 3099 gjóms nk ; cóms nk kncn. Kd fjsfm tkst dm cpdjlü kg dms fjsfms gjóms c sus 39 cóms y nkspuês c sus 3; cóms. Z, pcrc eclkrdm lmfpcrctjvm lmg dc pmodcljüg nk cnudtms, tcfojêg dm cpdjlü c ?59.999 nk kddms. Dms rksudtcnms motkgjnms smg smrprkgnkgtks8 dms gjóms nk ; cóms uscg su L_KC^JPJNCN cd :5%, dms nk 39 cóms dc uscg cd 9 næcs. Kg ksk pkrjmnm, skaøg dcs kslrjturcs ksl rjturcs nkd Cgtjaum ^kstcfkgtm, Zcevê (Njms) dk njltc m kgtrkac nms tcodcs kg dcs quk kstcocg kslrjtms dms Njkz Fcgncfjkgtms. Nk fcgkrc sjfjdcr, dc Pjrakg Fcræc, ugc fuhkr vjrakg pkrm lcscnc lmg ug emfork ddcfcnm Hmsê, rkljok ug cgugljm nk pcrtk nk ugc kgtjncn kspjrjtucd, ug fkgschkrm nk Njms ddcfcnm Acorjkd, jgnjlãgnmdk quk ncrã duz c ug ejhm c qujkg pmgnrã pmr gmfork Hksøs y qujkg —skrã arcgnk y skrã ddcfcnm Ejhm nkd Cdtæsjfm‖. Kd djorm [g Lursm nk Fjdcarms , dkænm y prcltjlcnm pmr fjddmgks nk pkrsmgcs kg tmnm kd fugnm, `uk kslrjtm pmr Ekdkg Lmeg \leulfcg kgtrk dms cóms nk 3:0; y 3:1?. Kddc, prm`ksmrc kg dc [gjvkrsjncn nk Lmdufojc kg Kstcnms [gjnms, c`jrfcoc quk kd djorm “nk 1;> pãajgcs“ dk ecoæc sjnm njltcnm pmr ugc vmz c dc quk kddc jnkgtj`jlü lmfm dc nk Hksøs. Ks nkljr, kddc lcgcdjzü kd fkgschk nkd kspærjtu nk Hksøs y dm pdcsfü kg kstk djorm.  Hkjsy Xkorc Bgjaet (HL Bgjaet) ks ugc fckstrc kspjrjtucd `ugncnmrc nk dc Kslukdc nk Jdufjgcljüg nk _cftec, uojlcnc kg kd kstcnm nk Qcsejgatmg, kg KK[[. Kddc c`jrfc quk lcgcdjzc c ug fckstrm kspjrjtucd nk gmfork _cftec nksnk lucgnm kddc tkgæc ?: cóms. \u `cfc sk ec kxpcgnjnm c tmnm kd fugnm y pkrsmgcs nk tmncs dcs gcljmgks clunkg c vkrdc y tmfcr ldcsks lmg kddc, jgldujncs pkrsmgcdjncnks lmfm Djgnc Kvcgs y \ejrdky FclDcjgk. \kr aujcnm pmr kgtjncnks y fckstrms kspjrjtucdks gm ks gcnc gukvm puks kstc lrkkgljc y prãltjlc sk rkfmgtc c sjadms ctrãs. Kgtrk dcs lmfugjncnks lecfãgjlcs, prkejspãgjlcs y trjocdks kxjstkg fjdks nk tkstjfmgjms cd rkspkltm. Jgldusm lecfcgks, sclkrnmtks y lurcgnkrms nk fulecs ludturcs sjaukg jgvmlcgnm dc auæc nk kgkraæcs kspjrjtucdks pcrc scgcr y lmgmlkr su `uturm. Zm ek prkskgljcnm nklkgcs nk lcgcdjzcljmgks kg njvkrsms fmfkgtms nk fj vjnc k jgldusm lukgtm cdaugcs nk kddcs kg fjs djorms Dc Fmgtcóc  vmdøfkgks  vmdøfkgks J, JJ y JJJ. \k scok lmg fulem nktcddk quk Djglmdg clunæc c sksjmgks lmg fênjufs pcrc lmgvkrscr lmg su ejhm `cddkljnm y pcrc kslulecr kd lmgskhm nk kspærjtus smork dms

3?3

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

pcsms quk ecoræc nk ncr lmfm prksjnkgtk. ^cfojêg sk njlk quk kd prksjnkgtk Akmrak Qcsejgatmg y sus khêrljtms rkljojkrmg cyunc nk kgtjncnks nk dms fugnms kspjrjtucdks kg fmfkgtms lruljcdks nk dc dulec pmr dc Jgnkpkgnkgljc nk dms KK[[. Csæ dm rkdctc Hcgjlk ^. Lmggkdd kg su djorm ^ek \pjrjtucd Hmurgky m` Akmrak Qcsejgatmg   (Kd (Kd vjchk kspjrjtucd nk Akmrak Qcsejgatmg). Ymr su pcrtk @rcgljslm Fcnkrm, kxprksjnkgtk nk Fêxjlm, kstcodkljü lmgtcltm lmg dms fugnms sutjdks nksnk dc êpmlc kg quk kstunjcoc kg @rcgljc y sk clkrlü c dc \mljkncn Kspærjtc nk cqukd pcæs. Dms kspærjtus lmg qujkgks êd njcdmacoc rkspmgnæcg c dms gmforks nk  Hmsê y _cød. Kddms dk cyuncrmg c vmdvkrsk kxpkrtm kg pdcgtcs fknjljgcdks y tcfojêg c nk`jgjr sus mohktjvms lmfm pmdætjlm. Klbecrt ^mddk, cutmr nkd okstskddkr Kd pmnkr nkd cemrc , rkgmforcnm lmg`krkgljstc y `jdüsm`m kspjrjtucd, c`jrfc quk qujkg ecodc gm ks êd, sjgm quk êd ks tcg südm ug lcgcd nkd [gjvkrsm y nk Njms pcrc ddkvcr ug fkgschk cd fugnm. -------------------------------Suê okddm ks kstk lmglkptm nk skr ug lcgcd nk Njms y nkd [gjvkrsm. Z kg vkrncn dm lrkm. \ê quk tmnms  pmnkfms skr lcgcdks nk Njms y nkd [gjvkrsm kg tmncs gukstrcs clljmgks. Ykrm pcrc kddm tkgkfms quk prkpcrcr gukstrm lukrpm y gukstrc fkgtk y kstcr djfpjms  y purms lmfm kd lrjstcd, trcgspcrkgtks trcgspcrkgtks lmfm kd cauc, pcr pcrcc quk pmr gmsmtrms duycg, sjg mostãludm gj lmgtcfjgcljüg, kd cfmr nk Njms y dc scojnuræc nkd [gjvkrsm. Csæ ks lmfm dms lecfcgks cjrfcg quk q uk scgcg, jgvmlcgnm c dc Fcnrk ^jkrrc ^j krrc y c kgtjncnks kspjrjtucdks fckstrcs pcrc quk scgkg cd pcljkgtk c trcvês nk kddms. -------------------------------Fuleæsjfcs pkrsmgcs, arcg pcrtk nk kddcs pmr `ukrc nk dcs cdtcs ks`krcs nk dc pmdætjlc, dc kfprksc, kd fugnm clcnêfjlm m dc rkdjajüg, gcrrcg ejstmrjcs lmg tmnc lmgvjlljüg nk lmgvkrscljmgks lmg ãgakdks y fckstrms kspjrjtucdks, m lmg l mg kgkraæcs y prkskgljcs nk pkrsmgcs `cddkljncs. Kg kstms tjkfpms cøg lmgtjgøcg dcs cpcrjljmgks nk dc Pjrakg nk Fknuhmrjk (Omsgjc-Ekrzkamvjgc) nkspuês nk

 

 P. K D Y M N K _ N K D C P J \ [ C D J X CL J Ü G YC _ C L _ K C _ Z LCFOJC_ DC _KCDJNCN

^jf Bkddky, lrkcnmr nk ^ruk Yurpmsk Jgstjtutk , ks ug kstcnmugjnkgsk quk sk nknjlc c kgskócr c dcs pkrsmgcs c lmgkltcrsk lmg sus Fckstrms Kspjrjtucdks. Karkscnm nk FJ^ y kxkfprkscrjm nk \jdjlmg Pcddky, ^jf c`jrfc quk lmgtcr lmg dc auæc nk kgtjncnks supkrjmrks ks ug nkrklem quk tmnms tkgkfms pmr gcljfjkgtm. Êd, qujkg lrkk quk fulecs pkrsmgcs gm kstãg djstcs pcrc clkptcr ugc auæc nk pdcgms supkrjmrks y quk pmr kddm rkqujkrkg nk kgtrkgcfjkgtm cnklucnm, lmgsjnkrc jgldusm quk ugm puknk kdkajr c su s u Fckstrm Kspjrjtucd nkpkgnjkgnm nk dm quk gklksjtk y nk su fmfkgtm nk vjnc. ^jf lrkk quk Kddms gms cyuncg c kglmgtrcr ug prmpüsjtm nk vjnc quk gms pkrfjtc trcslkgnkr y nkscrrmddcr gukstrm fãxjfm pmtkgljcd kg kstk pdcgm tkrrkgcd.

3?;

 

 

PJ

^mnc mracgjzcljüg ks dc prmyklljüg nk dm quk vjvk nkgtrm nk dms dænkrks

PJ. ^MNC M_ACGJXCLJÜG K\ DC Y_MZKLLJÜG NK DM S[K PJPK NKG^_M NK DM\ DÆNK_K\

 

 P  PJJ . ^ M NC M _A C G J X CL J Ü G K \ D C Y _M _MZ Z KL L JÜG NK DM S[K PJPK NKG^_M NK DM\ DÆNK_K\

[g fcgncdc ks dc rkprkskgtcljüg arã`jlc nk dc prmyklljüg nk kgkraæc nkd lkgtrm ecljc kd kxtkrjmr. Kd fcgncdc, cugquk su mrjakg ks scgslrjtm (Jgnjc) y sjagj`jlc lærludm scarcnm, ec sjnm utjdjzcnm pmr fødtjpdks ludturcs nk tmnm pdcgktc c dm dcram nk dms tjkfpms. Dms ounjstcs tjoktcgms dm ecg utjdjzcnm fulem, jgldusm pcrc sus fknjtcljmgks y lmgkxjmgks lmg sus njvjgjncnks. Dms jgnjms gcvchms quk ecojtcg dm quk emy ks Kstcnms [gjnms dms utjdjzcg lmg `jgks tkrcpêutjlms y nk scgcljüg, y tcfojêg dms Eujlemdks m Qjrrãrjbcs kg Fêxjlm dms tkhkg, kg ugc kstrulturc nk nms pcdjtms kgtrklruzcnms, kd næc quk ug gjóm gclk y dk vcg sufcgnm ljrlug`krkgljcs kxtkrgcs skaøg vc lrkljkgnm kd gjóm. Lcrd Huga, lmgsjnkrcnm pmr fulems lmfm kd prklursmr nk dm quk dukam sk ddcfcræc dc Ysjlmdmaæc ^rcgspkrsmgcd, vkæc cd jglmgsljkgtk fulem fãs quk lmfm ug fkrm lmgtkgknmr nk trcufcs rkprjfjnms m lmscs mdvjncncs (lmfm dm lrkæc @rkun). Dm lmgsjnkrcoc ug uforcd m pukrtc c jg`mrfcljüg nk fulecs mtrcs njfkgsjmgks, jgldusm dc kspjrjtucd, y kfpdkcoc dms fcgncdcs pcrc rkprkskgtcr sukóms y ouslcr dc jgnjvjnucdjncn nk sus pcljkgtks. Êd lrkæc quk dms fcgncdcs skrvæcg pcrc jgtkrprktcr dc tmtcdjncn nkd lmgsljkgtk y nkd jglmgsljkgtk y quk cddæ qukncoc lmgtkgjnc sjfoüdjlcfkgtk tmnc dc jgnjvjnucdjncn nk ugc pkrsmgc. -------------------------------Dms fcgncdcs smg ug pmnkrmsm jgstrufkgtm pcrc dmarcr kd kqujdjorjm, pmtkgljcr dc lrkctjvjncn, kxpcgnjr dc lmgljkgljc y rklmgkltcrgms lmg gukstrm \kr. -------------------------------Yuks ojkg, vcdac kstc jgtrmnulljüg c pcrtjr nk ug kdkfkgtm fæstjlm y pmnkrmsm lmfm dm ks ug fcgncdc, pcrc c`jrfcr quk dm quk vjvk nkgtrm nk gmsmtrms sk prmykltc ecljc c`ukrc. Suk cd moskrvcr dm quk ecy c`ukrc pmnkfms nksluorjr dm quk ecy kg kd lkgtrm, y quk cd vkr dm quk ecy kg kd lkgtrm pmnkfms cgtjljpcr dm quk ecorã c`ukrc. Lmfm skrks eufcgms smfms ug fcgncdc kg pmtkgljc, smfms kxpmgkgljcdjzcnmrks nk dm quk vjvk nkgtrm nk gmsmtrms. Z lmfm dænkrks tkgkfms quk skr lmgsljkgtks y dmarcr quk dm quk vjvc nkgtrm gukstrm skc cdam njagm nk prmykltcrsk fcsjvcfkgtk. [gc kfprksc u mracgjzcljüg ks ugc prmyklljüg nk dm quk vjvk nkgtrm nk dms skrks eufcgms quk dc lmg`mrfcg, kg kspkljcd nkd dænkr. \j kd dænkr vjvk kg lcms kfmljmgcd, kd lcms kfmljmgcd rkjgcrã kg kd jgtkrjmr nk dc mracgjzcljüg, yc quk dms lmdcomrcnmrks kfudcg c su dænkr. \j kd dænkr vjvk südm kg`mlcnm kg tkfcs fctkrjcdks y tkrrkgcdks, kg clufudcr, kg nmfjgcr, kg motkgkr pmnkr, csæ cprkgnkrãg y vjvjrãg dms quk trcochcg kg kd skgm nk dc mracgjzcljüg. \j kd dænkr kslulec c su lmrczüg, kstk pmnkr sk prmykltcrã lmg `ukrzc y dk pkrfjtjrã tmfcr arcgnks nkljsjmgks pcrc su mracgjzcljüg.

3?:

 

JG^KDJAKGLJC K\YJ_J^[CD YC_C DÆNK_K\

Kg `korkrm nkd ?99>, Fcrb Okrtmdjgj, ug khklutjvm nk dc fudtjgcljmgcd nk skaurms Cktgc, su`rjü ug skvkrm clljnkgtk fjkgtrcs ksqujcoc kg dcs fmgtcócs nk Pkrfmgt, KK[[. \u ejhc dm kglmgtrü jglmgsljkgtk kg dcs jgfknjcljmgks nkd omsquk, pmr dcs mrjddcs nk ugc nk dcs rutcs, y `uk trcsdcncnm cd emspjtcd. Ljglm vêrtkorcs lkrvjlcdks kstcocg rmtcs y dms euksms nkd orczm nkrklem eklems cójlms. Nkspuês nk 3? næcs nk rklupkrcljüg, quk smrprkgnjkrmg pmr su rcpjnkz c dms fênjlms, `uk ncnm nk cdtc. \jg kfocram, dms nmdmrks lmrpmrcdks sk fcgtuvjkrmg y gjgaugm nk dms trctcfjkgtms y fknjlcfkgtms lmgvkgljmgcdks `ukrmg su`jljkgtks2 dms nmdmrks jgldusm sk jgtkgsj`jlcocg kg mlcsjmgks. Nkskspkrcnm, ouslü cyuncrsk lmg tkrcpjcs cdtkrgctjvcs lmfm fknjtcljüg y ymac, k jgldusm sk cnkgtrü kg dc `jdmsm`æc kspjrjtucd nk kstcs prãltjlcs. Kg dms cóms sjaujkgtks `uk cslkgnjkgnm rãpjncfkgtk kg dc pjrãfjnk mracgjzcljmgcd nk Cktgc y sk lmgvjrtjü kg LKM kg kd ?939. Nk jgfknjctm qujsm lmfpcrtjr lmg sus lmdkacs su scojnuræc gm smdm khklutjvc y kfprkscrjcd, sjgm fkgtcd y kspjrjtucd, csæ quk jfpdkfkgtü ldcsks nk fknjtcljüg y ymac c dm dcram y cglem nk dc kfprksc, dc quk lukgtc lmg ;9.999 lmdcomrcnmrks. \u kg`mquk ks m`rklkr c sus lmdcomrcnmrks ekrrcfjkgtcs gm südm nk nkscrrmddm têlgjlm y khklutjvm sjgm kfmljmgcd y kspjrjtucd, pcrc quk vjvcg fãs kd prkskgtk, pcrc quk trcochkg fãs kg crfmgæc, pcrc quk skcg fãs lrkctjvms y fãs lmgsljkgtks. Cdaugms nk sus lmdkacs, jgldujnm kd Lmgskhkrm Fênjlm kg Hk`k nk Cktgc, sk mpusjkrmg c dcs fknjncs nk Fcrb njljkgnm quk südm njstrckræcg c dms lmdcomrcnmrks y gm carkacræcg vcdmr. \jg kfocram Fcrb dms rktü y prmpusm kstunjcr kd gjvkd nk kstrês, prmnultjvjncn y lcdjncn nk sukóm nk qujkgks pcrtjljpcrcg kg dcs sksjmgks quk êd prmpmgæc, kg lmfpcrcljüg lmg mtrms arupms nk lmgtrmd quk gm csjstjkrmg c kstcs sksjmgks. Lucgnm dms rksudtcrmg ddkacrmg tmnms qukncrmg smrprkgnjnms8 kd kstrês y dms gjvkdks nk lmrtjsmd (emrfmgc nkd kstrês) sk ecoæcg rknuljnm sjagj`jlctjvcfkgtk y dc lcdjncn nk dms jgnjlcnmrks nk dms kdkltrmlcrnjmarcfcs krc fkhmr. Nms cóms nkspuês nk ecokr jfpdkfkgtcnm kstcs sksjmgks pcrc dms lmdcomrcnmrks kg akgkrcd, dms lmstms nk scdun pcrc dms kfpdkcnms nk Cktgc sk ecoæcg rknuljnm lmgsjnkrcodkfkgtk. Lmfm sj tmnm kstm gm `ukrc yc ocstcgtk, dc kfprksc, ochm dc auæc nk Okrtmdjgj, nkscrrmddü kxjtmscfkgtk prmarcfcs sjfjdcrks, fulems nk kddms arctujtms, pcrc fjdks nk cskaurcnms, lmg fcagæ`jlms rksudtcnms.

3