CMI Extractive Metallurgy Services

CMI Industry offers pyrohydrolysis

Advanced Solutions for Extractive Metallurgy Applications The efficient way of extracting metal compounds.

of metal chlorides along with related up- and downstream processes: solvent extraction, ion exchange, evaporation, crystallization, precipitation, filtration, calcination, and electrolysis.

We design, develop and perfect processes to produce a wide variety of valuable intermediate and finished compounds (ore concentrates, hydroxides, and mixed oxides). With decades of experience in pyrohydrolysis, calcination, sintering, and roasting, CMI Industry, including NESA Solutions®, offers a full range of innovative solutions from initial feasibility studies and pilot plant trials, to full scale plants.

[email protected] Cockerill Maintenance & Ingénierie

www.cmigroupe.com

Contents

Introduction

 Technology Focus  Market Focus  Hydrometallurgical Applications

Core Competences

   

Hydrochloric Acid Leaching Solvent Extraction (SX) Pyrohydrolysis Calcination / Sintering / Roasting

Typical Applications

         

Overview Process Block Diagram – Magnesia Process Block Diagram – Synthetic Rutile Process Block Diagram – TiO2 Pigment Grade Process Block Diagram – NiO / CoO / Co2O3 Process Block Diagram – Al2O3 Process Block Diagram – NiOAl2O3 / CoOAl2O3 Process Block Diagram – MoS2 Process Block Diagram – REO Separation Metal Oxides (Examples)

Working With Us …

    

Integrated Solutions Scope of Services Project Examples References Contacts

2

Contents

Introduction

 Technology Focus  Market Focus  Hydrometallurgical Applications

Core Competences

   

Hydrochloric Acid Leaching Solvent Extraction (SX) Pyrohydrolysis Calcination / Sintering / Roasting

Typical Applications

         

Overview Process Block Diagram – Magnesia Process Block Diagram – Synthetic Rutile Process Block Diagram – TiO2 Pigment Grade Process Block Diagram – NiO / CoO / Co2O3 Process Block Diagram – Al2O3 Process Block Diagram – NiOAl2O3 / CoOAl2O3 Process Block Diagram – MoS2 Process Block Diagram – REO Separation Metal Oxides (Examples)

Working With Us …

    

Integrated Solutions Scope of Services Project Examples References Contacts

3

Technology Focus We Are Focusing on Innovative Technologies in the Field of Metal Extraction

Mining

    

Ore Concentration

 Crushing  Grinding  Magnetic, gravity, electrostatic sep.  Flotation

Drilling Mining Collecting Transporting Stocking

Solid/Liquid Separation  Filtration  Thickening  Flotation

Metal Extraction

 Alloying  Rolling

Metal Recovery

Chemical/Physical Separation      

Solvent Extraction Ion-Exchange Precipitation Adsorption Absorption Membrane Process

    

Transformation

Leaching Pyrohydrolysis Calcination Sintering Roasting

4

 Chem. Reduction  Electrolysis  Cementation

Environment  Effluent Management  Acid Regeneration

Market Focus We Offer Mineral and Ore Processing Technologies for Numerous Applications in Various Industries

5

Hydrometallurgical Applications We Extract a Wide Range of Metals by Chemical and Physical Methods H

He

Li

B

Be

C

N

O

F

Ne

Na

Mg

Al

Si

P

S

Cl

Ar

K

Ca

Sc

Ti

V

Cr

Mn

Fe

Co

Ni

Cu

Zn

Ga

Ge

As

Se

Br

Kr

Rb

Sr

Y

Zr

Nb

Mo

Tc

Ru

Rh

Pd

Ag

Cd

In

Sn

Sb

Te

I

Xe

Cs

Ba

Hf

Ta

W

Re

Os

Ir

Pt

Au

Hg

Tl

Pb

Bi

Po

At

Rn

Fr

Ra

Rf

Db

Sg

Bh

Hs

Mt

Ds

Rg

Cn

La

Ce

Pr

Nd

Pm

Sm

Eu

Gd

Tb

Dy

Ho

Er

Tm

Yb

Lu

Ac

Th

Pa

U

Np

Pu

Am

Cm

Bk

Cf

Es

Fm

Md

No

Lr

6

Contents

Introduction

 Technology Focus  Market Focus  Hydrometallurgical Applications

Core Competences

   

Hydrochloric Acid Leaching Solvent Extraction (SX) Pyrohydrolysis Calcination / Sintering / Roasting

Typical Applications

         

Overview Process Block Diagram – Magnesia Process Block Diagram – Synthetic Rutile Process Block Diagram – TiO2 Pigment Grade Process Block Diagram – NiO / CoO / Co2O3 Process Block Diagram – Al2O3 Process Block Diagram – NiOAl2O3 / CoOAl2O3 Process Block Diagram – MoS2 Process Block Diagram – REO Separation Metal Oxides (Examples)

Working With Us …

    

Integrated Solutions Scope of Services Project Examples References Contacts

7

Hydrochloric Acid Leaching Advantages of Hydrochloric Acid Leaching Leaching

Solvent Extraction

Pyrohydrolysis

Cost efficient and sustainable HCl is completely recovered using our Acid Recovery Process (ARP): this gives independence from chemical suppliers and greatly enhances the environmental performance of the overall process

Added value through valuable by-products

Calcination / Sintering / Roasting

Integration of an Acid Regeneration Plant (ARP) produces metal oxide as a high quality by-product. Depending on the desired properties of the oxide we can offer an ARP based on either the Spray Roaster Process (SR) or the Fluidized Bed Process (FB)

8

Solvent Extraction (SX) Simplified Solvent Extraction (SX) Circuit Leaching

Solvent Extraction

Pyrohydrolysis

Scrubbing

Extraction

Calcination / Sintering / Roasting

9

Stripping

Solvent Extraction (SX) Single Element Solvent Extraction (SX) Unit Leaching

Mixer-settlers

Solvent Extraction

Pyrohydrolysis

Calcination / Sintering / Roasting Agitator vessels

Storage tanks

10

Pyrohydrolysis Integration of Pyrohydrolysis in the Metal Extraction Process Leaching Ore

Solvent Extraction

Impurity removal

Leaching

HCl

Solid/liquid separation

(18 wt%)

Pyrohydrolysis Pyrohydrolysis

Evaporation

Fluidized Bed or Spray Roaster

H2O

Metal Oxide Calcination / Sintering / Roasting

11

Solvent Extraction

Insolubles Impurities

Tailings

Product

Pyrohydrolysis Fluidized Bed Process - Acid Regeneration Plant (FB-ARP) Leaching Off-gas treatment system Absorber system

Solvent Extraction

Cyclone

Reactor

Pyrohydrolysis

Calcination / Sintering / Roasting

Oxide storage

12

Pyrohydrolysis Spray Roaster Process - Acid Regeneration Plant (SR-ARP) Leaching Reactor

Solvent Extraction

Oxide storage and handling

Pyrohydrolysis

Calcination / Sintering / Roasting

Off-gas treatment system Tank farm

13

Calcination / Sintering / Roasting Calcination, Sintering and Roasting of Industrial Minerals Leaching

Solvent Extraction

Pyrohydrolysis

Calcination / Sintering / Roasting

Calcination is mainly a thermal decomposition of carbonates and hydroxides. The main chemical reactions may be expressed as:

whereas Me refers to Mg, Ca, Mn, Pb, Zn. CMI NESA® Multiple Hearth Furnaces (MHF) are particularly suited for the production of calcined industrial minerals having specific reactivity, requiring good control of retention time, temperature and atmosphere. Sintering is the bonding of adjacent surfaces of particles in a mass of powder or a compact by heating. CMI offers sintering based on shaft kilns particulary suited for the sintering of dolomite, magnesia briquettes, alumina and zirconia. Typical capacity of plant is in the order of 25,000 to 60,000 tons/year. Different types of Roasting can be achieved in CMI NESA® MHF:  Oxidizing Roasting of Molybdenum Sulfides MoS2 + O2 -> MoO3 + 2 SO2  Selective roasting for the treatment of complex sulfide concentrates in order to volatilize elements such as As, Sb, Bi and Hg.

14

Calcination / Sintering / Roasting

Leaching

Calcination based on CMI NESA® Multiple Hearth Furnaces (MHF) Technology

Reactor

Solvent Extraction

Pyrohydrolysis

Calcination / Sintering / Roasting

Tank farm

15

Calcination / Sintering / Roasting Sintering based on CMI NESA® Vertical Shaft Kiln (VSK) Technology Leaching

Solvent Extraction

Pyrohydrolysis

Calcination / Sintering / Roasting

16

Contents

Introduction

 Technology Focus  Market Focus  Hydrometallurgical Applications

Core Competences

   

Hydrochloric Acid Leaching Solvent Extraction (SX) Pyrohydrolysis Calcination / Sintering / Roasting

Typical Applications

         

Overview Process Block Diagram – Magnesia Process Block Diagram – Synthetic Rutile Process Block Diagram – TiO2 Pigment Grade Process Block Diagram – NiO / CoO / Co2O3 Process Block Diagram – Al2O3 Process Block Diagram – NiOAl2O3 / CoOAl2O3 Process Block Diagram – MoS2 Process Block Diagram – REO Separation Metal Oxides (Examples)

Working With Us …

    

Integrated Solutions Scope of Services Project Examples References Contacts

17

Overview Product

Process

Typical Feedstock

Leaching

SX

MgO (caustic/sintered)

Magnesite, Serpentine, Dolomite, Brucite, Bischofite, Flue Dust, End Brines from Potash Production

Synthetic Rutile

Ilmenite



TiO2 Pigment Grade

Ilmenite





NiO

Laterite (Limonite, Garnierite)





CoO

Laterite (Asbolan, Heterogenite)





αAl2O3 / γAl2O3

Clays



NiOAl2O3 CoOAl2O3

NiCl2+AlCl3 solution CoCl2+AlCl3 solution

MoO3

MoS2

Rare Earth Oxides (REO)

Monazite, Bastnasite, Loparite, Xenotime

1)

Focus on oxide production

2)

SR-ARP

FB-ARP

Calcination (MHF) / Sintering (VSK) / Roasting (MHF)

1)



 2)



2)



 2)

 

1)

1)

 



2)



1)



 





2)



2)



Focus on HCl recovery

SR-ARP: Spray Roaster Acid Recovery Process

FB-ARP: Fluidized Bed Acid Recovery Process

VSK: Vertical Shaft Kiln 18

SX: Solvent Extraction

MHF: Multiple Hearth Furnace

Process Block Diagram - Magnesia

Magnesite Serpentine Dolomite Brucite Flue Dust

Leaching

Precipitation

Filtration

Impurities

MgCl2, KCl, NaCl, CaCl2

Pyrohydrolysis

Regenerated HCl

Spray Roaster

Bischofite, End Brines from Potash Prod.

MgO, KCl, NaCl, CaCl2

Sintered MgO (>99 wt%)

Caustic Calcined MgO (>98 wt%)

Sintering VSK

Calcination MHF

19

Re-hydration

Mg(OH)2

Filtration

H2O

KCl, NaCl, CaCl2

Process Block Diagram – Synthetic Rutile

Ilmenite

Magnetic Separation

Roasting

Anaerobic Cooling

Leaching

Magnetic Separation

Gangue minerals

Filtration Leach liquor

Washing

Pyrohydrolysis

Gangue minerals Regenerated HCl

Fluidized Bed/ Spray Roaster Iron oxide

Drying/ Calcination

Synthetic Rutile

20

(>95.5 wt%)

Process Block Diagram – TiO2 Pigment Grade

Regenerated HCl

Ilmenite

Leaching

Solid/Liquid Separation

Solvent Extraction

MeCl3

Pyrohydrolysis Spray Roaster

Fe-free solution Mixed chlorides

Solvent Extraction

Metal Oxide

Ti containing strip liquor

TiO2

Pigment Grade (>99 wt%)

Calcination

Solid/Liquid Separation

21

Precipitation

Process Block Diagram – NiO/CoO

Laterite

Leaching

Regenerated HCl

Impurity Removal

Solid/Liquid Separation

Impurities Insolubles

Tailings NiCl2 + CoCl2

Pyrohydrolysis

Evaporation

NiCl2

Fluidized Bed

NiO

H2O

Pyrohydrolysis

Evaporation

Spray Roaster

CoO / Co2O3

H2O

22

Solvent Extraction CoCl2

Process Block Diagram – Alumina

Clay

Leaching

Filtration

Crystallization

Residues

Regenerated HCl

Pyrohydrolysis Spray Roaster

FeCl3

Solid/Liquid Separation

Fe2O3

αAl2O3

Calcination 1250°C

Calcination 450°C

γAl2O3

23

HCl gas

Process Block Diagram – NiOAl2O3/CoOAl2O3

NiCl2 + AlCl3

Pyrohydrolysis Spray Roaster

HCl

NiOAl2O3

CoCl2 + AlCl3

Pyrohydrolysis Spray Roaster

CoOAl2O3

24

HCl

Process Block Diagram – MoS2

MoS2 + O2

Roasting MHF

25

MoO3 + 2 SO2

Process Block Diagram – REO Separation RECl3 SX

La2O3

La–free sol.

SX La–, Cefree sol.

CeO2

SX Pr-Nd conc.

La-, Ce-, Pr-, Nd-, Sm-, Eu-, Gd-free sol.

La-, Ce-, Pr-, Nd-, Sm-, Eu-free sol.

La-, Ce-, Pr-, Nd–free sol.

SX

SX

SX

Gd2O3

Y2O3

Sm-Eu conc.

SX Nd2O3

Pr5O11

SX Sm2O3 Eu2O3

26

HREE

Metal Oxides Iron Oxide from Pickling Liquor – Comparison SR-/FB-Oxide

27

Metal Oxides Metal Oxide Samples Produced by Spray Roaster / Fluidized Bed / MHF / VSK

*) Downstream Process in MFH and VSK 28

Metal Oxides Rare Earth Oxide Samples Produced by Solvent Extraction

29

Contents

Introduction

 Technology Focus  Market Focus  Hydrometallurgical Applications

Core Competences

   

Hydrochloric Acid Leaching Solvent Extraction (SX) Pyrohydrolysis Calcination / Sintering / Roasting

Typical Applications

         

Overview Process Block Diagram – Magnesia Process Block Diagram – Synthetic Rutile Process Block Diagram – TiO2 Pigment Grade Process Block Diagram – NiO / CoO / Co2O3 Process Block Diagram – Al2O3 Process Block Diagram – NiOAl2O3 / CoOAl2O3 Process Block Diagram – MoS2 Process Block Diagram – REO Separation Metal Oxides (Examples)

Working With Us …

    

Integrated Solutions Scope of Services Project Examples References Contacts

30

Integrated Solutions

COMBINED ENGINEERING & MAINTENANCE CONTRACTOR MAIN CONTRACTOR FOR TURNKEY PROJECTS

(Civil Engineering, Utilities, Building Construction, …)

SUPPLIER OF COMPLETE MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL & THERMAL SYSTEMS SUPPLIER OF EQUIPMENT

31

REVAMPING

MAIN CONTRACTOR FOR PROJECTS & EQUIPMENT

Scope of Services

Project Management Engineering Procurement Construction

Training After Sales Maintenance

 Basic / detail engineering (all lots/sections)

 Training of operating and maintenance staff

 Process developments, metallurg. testwork, lab tests

 Sourcing of materials and equipment optimized to client’s demand

 Periodic inspections

 Basic Process Designs

 Construction & Commissioning

 Audits, Impact Assessments (EIA/ESIA)

 Site supervision and management, acceptance tests

Project Development

 (Pre-)Feasibilities (feedstock, processes, products, economics, environment, etc)

 Surveillance of health & safety measures

32

 Assessment of KPI‘s  Adjustments  Wear parts management

 Replacement of wear parts

Project Examples Solvent Extraction of Gallium and REE (1 of 2)

33

Project Examples Solvent Extraction of Gallium and REE (2 of 2)

34

Project Examples Acid Regeneration Plant - Spray Roaster Type (1 of 2)

35

Project Examples Acid Regeneration Plant - Spray Roaster Type (2 of 2)

36

Project Examples Production of Spray Roaster Magnesia

37

Project Examples Acid Regeneration Plant – Fluidized Bed Type (1 of 2)

38

Project Examples Acid Regeneration Plant – Fluidized Bed Type (2 of 2)

39

Project Examples CMI NESA® Multiple Hearth Furnaces (MHF) / Vertical Shaft Kiln (VSK) Applications

40

Project Examples CMI NESA® Pilot and Testing Facility

41

References SR-/FB-Acid Regeneration Plants since 2000 (1 of 2) Client

Country

Capacity

Type

Notes

Year

MARCELGALIA

Italy

9,000 l/h

FB

New

2010

TINPLATE COMPANY TATA

India

2,700 l/h

SR

New

2010

TIANJIN IRON & STEEL

China

1,800 l/h

FB

New

2010

ASIAN COLOUR COATED ISPAT LTD.

India

2,800 l/h

FB

New

2010

FOOLAD GHARB ASIA CO

Iran

3,200 l/h

FB

New

2009

CORPACERO

Colombia

2,500 l/h

FB

New

2009

FAJR SEPAHAN GALVANIZING INDUSTRIES

Iran

1,800 l/h

FB

New

2009

YESU PVT. LTD.

Ethopia

1,800 l/h

FB

New

2009

BUSHAN POWER & STEEL

India

2 x 2,800 l/h

FB

New, twin system

2008

ILVA CORNIGLIANO

Italy

2 x 6,000 l/h

FB

New, twin system

2008

SEMINAN ROLLING MILL

Iran

3,200 l/h

FB

New

2007

YUNGKONG

Malaysia

2,300 l/h

FB

New

2007

SUN STEEL CORPORATION

Vietnam

3,200 l/h

SR

New

2006

PT. GUNNUNG GARUDA

Indonesia

2,000 l/h

SR

New

2006

ILVA TARANTO

Italy

12,000 l/h

SR

New

2006

ARCELOR (SOLLAC)

France

2 x 8,000 l/h

FB

Revamping

2006

ZAPORIZHSTAL

Ukraine

2 x 6,500 l/h

FB

New, twin system

2006

SR . . . Spray Roaster Process

FB . . . Fluidized Bed Process

42

References SR-/FB-Acid Regeneration Plants since 2000 (2 of 2) Client

Country

USIMINAS

Brazil

APM

Mexico

SHENZHEN SINO MASTER STEEL

Capacity

Type

Notes

Year

2 x 4,500 l/h

SR

Revamping

2006

10,000 l/h

FB

Greenfield

2006

China

2,000 l/h

SR

New

2005

NINGBO STEEL

China

2,000 l/h

SR

New

2005

TAT METAL

Turkey

1,850 l/h

FB

New

2005

MMK

Russia

7,000 l/h

SR

New

2005

MMK

Russia

11,000 l/h

SR

New

2005

ERDEMIR

Turkey

8,300 l/h

FB

New

2004

DOFASCO

Canada

2 x 8,900 l/h

FB

Twin system

2005

DONGKUK

Korea

3,500 l/h

SR

New

2004

LISCO

Libya

2,500 l/h

SR

New

2004

BORCELIK

Turkey

3,300 l/h

FB

Additional system

2004

TEZCAN

Turkey

3,000 l/h

FB

Greenfield

2004

MARCEGAGLIA

Italy

5,100 l/h

FB

Additional system

2004

DUFERCO

Belgium

2,500 l/h

FB

Capacity increasing

2003

GORO NICKEL

Australia

3 x 28,500 l/h

FB

New

2002

ILVA

Italy

5 400 l/h

FB

New

2000

SR . . . Spray Roaster Process

FB . . . Fluidized Bed Process

43

References CMI NESA® MHF/VSK Installations (1 of 3) Client

Country

PURE IRON

Armenia

OUTOTEC

Germany

MAGNESITA

Brazil

STYROMAG

Austria

FELS WERKS

Germany

MA’ADEN

Saudi Arabia

KWANGYANG FERRO ALLOY

Korea

CLIMAX MOLYBDENIUM

Netherlands

confidential

Germany

GRACE

Germany

FOSKOR

South Africa

CIMENTS D’ORIGNY

France

CODELCO

Chile

DALTON COMMERCIAL

Size

Application

Year

21’ 6” O.D. - 8#

Molybdenite roasting

2011

2x - 21’ 6” O.D. - 14 #

Molybdenite roasting

2011

1 shaft kiln

Magnesite

2011

14’ 3” O.D. - 7 #

Magnesite

2010

1 shaft kiln

confidential

2010

1 shaft kiln

Magnesite

2007

21’ 6” O.D. - 10 #

Molybdenite roasting

2006

21’ 6” O.D. - 12 #

Molybdenite roasting

2005

18’ 9” O.D. - 6 #

confidential

2004

16’ 0” O.D. - 6 #

Calcining furnace

2001

Tabular Alumina

2000

Confidential application

1999

21’6’’ O.D. - 12 #

Molybdenite roasting

1997

Armenia

21’6’’ O.D. - 12 #

Molybdenite roasting

1997

CIA MINERA EL INDIO Kilborn Inc.

Chile

25’9’’ O.D. - 16 #

Selective roasting

1995

UNION MINIERE R&D

Belgium

18’’ I.D.

Pilot testing

1995

COGEBI

Belgium

Rotary kiln 0.6 m I.D.

Mica calciner

1994

DEAD SEA PERICLASE

Israel

3x Cooling screw

Cooler

1994

GRACE GmbH

Germany

Special calciner

1984

shaft kiln 23’3’’ O.D. - 7 #

16’0’’ O.D. – 6#

44

References CMI NESA® MHF/VSK Installations (2 of 3) Client

Country

Size

Application

CIMENTS D’OBOURG

Belgium

Fluid bed combustor

A.G.C.D.

Peru

ASTURIANA DE ZINC

Spain

COGEMA / KREBS

France

ST. JOE MINERAL

Chile

JOHNSON MATTHEY CHEMICALS

UK

MADEN TETKIK VE ARAMA ENST.

Turkey

SHEFFIELD SMELTING

UK

EDELEANU/CAPITAL PLANT/NAFTAGAS

Yugoslavia

SOFREM

France

54’’ I.D. – 4#

FIMISCO/SCALISTIRI GROUP

Greece

Shaft kiln

FIMISCO/SCALISTIRI GROUP

Greece

25’0’’ O.D. – 16#

MINAS ALMADEN

Spain

NESA

Belgium

VIEILLE-MONTAGNE

Year

Coal wahery shale combustion for hot drying gas

1983

Pyrites roasters

1982

10’0’’ O.D. - 7#

Silver residue roasting

1980

16’6’’ O.D. – 6#

Uranium yellow cake calciner

1979

Selective roasting

1979

Matte roaster

1978

Laboratory furnace

1978

Matte roaster

1977

Bauxite regeneration

1977

Molybdenum recovery

1977

Dead burned magnesia

1975

Magnesium carbonate

1974

Mercury calcination

1974

Rotary kiln 1.6 m I.D.

Test laboratory furnace

1972

Belgium

16’9’’ O.D. – 7#

Calcination magnesium hydrocarbonate

1972

MONTE AMIATA/ORINOCO

Italy

22’3’’ O.D. – 8#

Cinnabar roasting

1971

NESA

Belgium

Test laboratory furnace

1971

3x 18’’ I.D. 36’’ I.D. – 6# 2x Fluid bed I.D. 0.6 m

21’6’’ O.D. - 14#

8’6’’ O.D. – 6# 18’’ I.D. 8’6’’ O.D. – 6# 10’9’’ O.D. – 6#

Special MHF

36’’ I.D. – 6#

45

References CMI NESA® MHF/VSK Installations (3 of 3) Client

Country

Size

Application

Year

DEAD SEA PERICLASE

Israel

25’0’’ O.D. – 15# Shaft Kiln

Calcination Mg(OH)2 Calcination MgO periclase

1970

SADACEM

Belgium

21’6’’ O.D. – 10#

Molybdenite roasting

1969

NESA

Belgium

18’’ I.D.

Laboratory furnace

1969

SACOR – FOSTER WHEELER

Portugal

8’6’’ O.D. – 6#

Bauxite regeneration

1967

CLIMAX MOLYBDENIUM Cy-FLOUR SCHUYTVLOT

Netherlands

21’6’’ O.D. – 12#

Molybdenite roasting

1965

C.F.R. RAFFINERIE FOSTER WHEELER

France

10’0’’ O.D. – 8#

Bauxite

1964

SOCIETE D’ELECTRO-CHIMIE, D’ELECTROMETALLURGIE ET DES ACIERIES ELECTRIQUES D’UGINE

France

20’3’’ O.D. - 8#

Molybdenite

1961

SOQUIMICA

Portugal

Laboratory furnace

1960

BATTIGNOLLES-CHATILLON

Brazil

10’0’’ O.D. - 8#

Bauxite

1957

CONSEIL NATIONALE DU PETROL DU BRESIL

Brazil

10’0’’ O.D. – 6#

Fuller’s Earth

1954

QUIMICO DE LA ASTUR BELGA

Spain

16’9’’ O.D. – 8#

Mercury

1954

S.p.A. PIOMBO E ZINCO

Italy

Zinc concentrate

1950

UNIVERSITY OF LIEGE

Belgium

18’’ I.D.

Laboratory furnace

1949

PRODUITS CHIMIQUES DE LIMBOURG

Belgium

2x 19’6’’ O.D. – 8#

Zinc concentrate

1938

S.A. CREDITUL MINIER

Romania

Fuller’s Earth

1933

SOCIETE NORVEGIENNE DE L’AZOTE

Norway

Copper concentrate

1933

18’’ I.D.

2x 21’6’’ O.D. – 8#

6’0’’ O.D. – 8# 3x 21’6’’ O.D. – 12#

46