Close Quarters Combat Training

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT OPD

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Agenda 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

OIF Lessons Learned Close Quarters Combat (CQC) Principles & Fundamentals Close Quarters Marksmanship (CQM) Definition and Overview Close Quarters Marksmanship (CQM) Training Advanced Training Techniques

OIF LESSONS LEARNED 1. Enemy strong-pointed in built-up, urban terrain. MOUT is a mission essential task. 2. Enemy during Phase III and Phase IV does not wear clearly identifiable uniforms. Civilian presence is probable. - Target discrimination is essential. 3. Engagements are often within 100 meters. 4. Soldiers used non-standard firing positions during combat. 5. Small unit tactics were key to success. 6. Physical fitness and Marksmanship were a deciding factor in all direct contacts. 7. Soldiers cross trained to the same standard enhanced unit effectiveness.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Definition: Close Quarters Combat (CQC) is a special technique to systematically clear rooms or buildings utilizing overwhelming force, varying speeds and precision fires. CQC focuses on defeating the enemy while ensuring a low number of friendly casualties and minimal collateral damage.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT General: - CQC engagements will be close and fast. - One of the most demanding and intense forms of combat. - The fundamentals of fire, maneuver, and security still apply. - Principles and fundamentals of CQC must be closely observed for it to be successful. - The single most important thing we can do is train and rehearse. - CQC must be practiced over and over again IOT retain skills/develop muscle memory. - Training must focus on flexibility and reaction to the unknown.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Principles 1. Element of Surprise - Above everything else, is the key to the assault. - Gives the advantage of preparedness prior to room entry. - This enormously benefits the clearing team. - Startles and throws the enemy off guard.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Principles 2. Speed enables the clearing team to utilize the first few vital “surprise” seconds to their maximum potential. - Will often give a measure of security. - A “careful hurry”, Do not try to go too fast. - Never move faster than you can accurately engage targets. - Move with a smooth, well thought out plan. - Fast, careless moves will get you killed

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Principles 3. Violence of Action is sudden explosive force that eliminates threats with the least chance of compromise. - Violence of action is the most effective principle. - With speed, it allows the team to keep their element of surprise. - This is the only principle that can be counted on. - Prevents opponents from making coordinated, planned reaction. - Mental condition or mind set. - Not limited to massive firepower. - Multipliers in achieving violence of action. - Intimidation (use of bayonets, goggles, demolition, covered faces, TAC lights) - Well rehearsed plans - Echelon of fires / suppression

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Fundamentals - Eliminate the threat through accurate fires. - Dominate the room, building, or hallway. - Control the situation/personnel. - Establish security (1) Search the dead. (2) Search the room. - Evacuate personnel. - Mark the cleared room - IAW unit SOPs.

CQC ROAD MAP - OFFENSIVE MOUT TTP - STANDARD ARMY AND SPECIAL OPERATIONS TTP ADVANCED MOUT TRAINING/TECHNIQUES - INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE - RANGES FROM UNRESTRICTED (HI-INTENSITY MOUT) (AMT) TO RESTRICTED (PRECISION MOUT)

INDIVIDUAL CLOSE QUARTERS SKILLS

CLOSE QUARTERS MARKSMANSHIP (CQM)

MOUT

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT (CQC)

- STANDARD ARMY URBAN TTP - STANDARD ARMY AND SOF - INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE COLLECTIVE TTP - OFFENSIVE AND DEFENSIVE - ENTER/CLEAR BUILDINGS/ROOMS - HI-INTENSITY FOCUS/LARGER - PRECISION MOUT ENVIRONMENT SCALE - SINGLE TEAM, MULTI-TEAM, - CO/BN/REGT OPERATIONS PLATOON OPERATIONS

- HIGHLY SKILLED USE OF PRIMARY INDIVIDUAL WPNS - RANGES 0-25 M

COMBATIVES

- HANDS AND WEAPONS - USUALLY NON-LETHAL FORCE - DOMINATE/CONTROL PERSONNEL AND SITUATIONS

SECONDARY WEAPONS - SHOTGUNS - GRENADES - PISTOLS - BAYONETS

URBAN MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES - MOVEMENT AND FIGHTING POSITIONS - COVER/CONCEALMENT - USE OF OBSTACLES - CLIMBING/RAPPELLING

BREACHING

MECHANICAL

TRAINING AND SAFETY

- TRAIN THE TRAINER - TRAIN THE UNIT - TRAINING SAFETY TTP

- USE OF BOLTCUTTERS, SLEDGEHAMMERS, PRYBARS, SAWS, AXES, HOOLIGAN TOOLS, ETC.

BALLISTIC

- USE OF WEAPONS-PRIMARILY SHOTGUNS - STANDARD OR SPECIAL LOCKBUSTER ROUNDS

EXPLOSIVE

- STANDARD OR SPECIALLY DESIGNED CHARGES - STANDARD AND NON-STANDARD EXPLOSIVES - REDUCED MSDs

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT CQM Definition: Close Quarters Marksmanship (CQM) is a specialized aspect of military marksmanship developed to ensure accurate direct fires and confidence during Close Quarters Combat. CQM emphasizes proficiency in reflexive fire, target discrimination, stress shooting and night operations.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT CQM Basics General: - Requires disciplined soldiers to ensure proficiency and safety. - Requires intense and constant training. - A level of proficiency on all necessary fundamentals is essential before CQC training. **All CQM related training should begin with a review of the principles of safe weapon handling: - The weapon is always loaded. - Never point the weapon at anything you do not intend to destroy.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT CQM Equipment Weapon Set-up: - Mount and secure day optic (CCO) with BIS - Mount and secure flashlights (i.e. Sure-Fire-Light, TAC Light, visible or IR) on individual weapons. - Mount and secure IR lasers (i.e. AN/PAQ-4C, AN/PEQ-2A, etc.) - M249s & M203s must be CQM ready - Other options – combat slings, “gangster grips” Individual soldier gear: - IBA - Ballistic eye protection - Elbow & knee pads

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Weapon Configuration – M4

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Weapon Configurations – M4

-

-

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Weapon Configurations – M203

TAC LIGHT

PEQ-2A

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Weapon Configurations – M249 PAC-4C

TAC LIGHT

-

OPTIC

-

TAC LIGHT

PAC-4C

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT CQM Training: - CQM training must include, but is not limited to the following: 1. Basic Rifle Marksmanship (BRM) - master the basics 2. Advanced Rifle Marksmanship (ARM) – gain marksmanship proficiency 3. CQM Dry Fires – accomplished with little or no resources, essential to developing and maintaining perishable skills, great “hippocket” training, should be the basis of CQM training. 4. CQM Firing Tables – familiarization, practice qualification, qualification / evaluation. 5. Target Discrimination Drills – modify with the amount of resources available.

Before you start any of these – TRAIN LEADERS FIRST

BASIC RIFLE MARKSMANSHIP (BRM) -

4 Fundamentals of Marksmanship Mechanical Training Training Exercises Training Aids

4 FUNDAMENTALS OF MARKSMANSHIP -

Steady Position Aiming (sight picture, sight alignment) Breath Control Trigger Squeeze

MECHANICAL TRAINING -

Characteristics and Capabilities Disassembly and Assembly Operations and Functioning Immediate Action Drill Aided Vision Device Operation

TRAINING EXERCISES -

Dry-Firing Shot Grouping Exercises Dime-Washer Drills Box Drills

TRAINING AIDS -

M15A1 Aiming Card Target Box and Paddle Weaponeer LBS devise Engagement Skills Trainer (EST)

ADVANCED RIFLE MARKSMANSHIP (ARM) -

Shooting Positions Off-Hand Shooting Weak-Hand Shooting Barrier Shooting

SHOOTING POSITIONS -

Prone Supported Prone Unsupported Kneeling Unsupported Kneeling Sling Supported Sitting Standing Supported Standing Unsupported

WEAK-HAND SHOOTING - Used when target can not be engaged in the shooters regular firing positions - Right handed shooter engages from left shoulder - Used to fire around barriers / obstacles

BARRIER SHOOTING -

High Wall Low Wall Window Doorway Vehicles

HIGH WALL

LOW WALL

WINDOW

DOORWAY

VEHICLES

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT CQM Basics Body Position and Stance: - Feet are approximately shoulder width apart. - Toes are pointed straight to the front (direction of movement). - Firing side foot is slightly staggered rear of the non-firing foot. - Knees are slightly bent. - The upper body leans slightly forward. - Shoulders are not rolled or slouched. - The weapon’s butt stock in the pocket of the shoulder. - The elbows are kept in against the body. - The shooter maintains a comfortable boxer stance.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT CQM Basics Carrying Techniques: 1. Low Carry - The butt stock is placed in the shoulder pocket. - The barrel is pointed down at the ground. - The head is always up to identify targets. - This technique is safest and is recommended for use. 2. High Carry - Butt stock is placed under the armpit. - Barrel slightly up with front post in peripheral vision. - Push the weapon forward with the pistol grip. - Pull it back into the shoulder pocket. - Assume firing position.

LOW CARRY

LOW CARRY

HIGH CARRY

HIGH CARRY

`

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT CQM Basics Aim & Rate of Fire: 1. Slow-aim fire. - Most accurate technique. - Use the four fundamentals of marksmanship. - This technique is used mainly for distant engagements. 2. Rapid-aim fire (flash sight picture). - This technique features an imperfect sight picture - Windage is critical and elevation is of lesser importance. - Used from 0 - 25 meters and at a fast rate of fire. 3. Aimed quick kill. - This places the front sight post flush with the rear peep sight. - This is used for quick shots from 0 - 11 meters. - Windage is important, but elevation is not so critical.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT CQM Basics Target Discrimination: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Distinguishing between threat and non-threat. Must be stressed, regardless of the mission. Discipline of the soldiers is paramount. Target discrimination training methods. a. 2 different E-types with circles, one brown, one green. b. E-type with triangle, circle, square. c. 3 x 3” circles (top, middle, bottom) 5. It is essential that training focuses on instilling fire control. 6. Friendly units/personnel moving through objective areas must not be mistaken as enemy.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT CQM Basics Controlled Pair: 1. There is a natural arc of the front sight post after the round is fired and the recoil kicks in. 2. Let the barrel go with this arc and immediately bring the front sight post back on target. 3. Take a second shot after re-acquiring a sight picture. 4. Acquire a third sight picture. 5. Continue to shoot until the enemy goes down. 6. Do not fight the recoil.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT CQM Basics Automatic Fire: 1. Effective in immediately achieving violence of action. 2. Automatic fire is fired in controlled bursts only (3 round burst for M4, 3-5 round burst for M249). 3. The accuracy at less than 10 meters is nearly equal. 4. Same fundamentals are used in rapid-aim fire or aimed quick kill. 5. Aim point is slightly down and left to account for this action. 6. The weapon will rise during the engagement, let it. 7. Key to accuracy is to concentrate on not jerking the trigger.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT CQM Basics Malfunctions: 1. Shooter takes a knee, informs team leader, conducts immediate action. 2. Once cleared, shooter informs team leader and follows command. 3. He will either pick shooter up or shooter will be told to get up. 4. The shooter does not stand up on his own. 5. Essential to incorporate into training and rehearsals.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Dry Fire Training - Paramount for CQM proficiency - Emphasizes fundamentals of firing - Promotes muscle memory - Frequency of dry firing is essential to establish muscle memory - Ensure leader supervision IOT emphasize correct firing techniques - Little or no resources required

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Reflexive Firing Training Firing Tables: a. Table 2-A-1. Familiarization Position

Rounds Fired

Distance

Method

Time Standard

Hit Standard

Straight ahead

30

4m

Single shot

None

21

Straight ahead

30

7m

Single shot

None

21

Straight ahead

30

10m

Single shot

None

21

Straight ahead

30

4m

Controlled Pair

None

21

Straight ahead

30

7m

Controlled Pair

None

21

Straight ahead

30

10m

Controlled Pair

None

21

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Reflexive Firing Training b. Table 2-A-2. Familiarization Position

Rounds Fired

Distance

Method

Time Standard

Hit Standard

Left turn/right

30

10m

Controlled Pair

None

21

Right turn/left

30

4m

Controlled Pair

None

21

Walk and shoot

50

4m start at 7m

Controlled Pair

None

35

Walk and shoot

50

4m start at 7m

Controlled Pair

None

35

Walk-stop-turn

30

4m Start at 1m

Controlled Pair

None

21

Run-stop-shoot

30

7m Begin at 15m

Controlled Pair

None

21

Walk Laterally to Right

30

7m

Controlled Pair

None

21

Walk Laterally to Left

30

7m

Controlled Pair

None

21

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Reflexive Firing Training c. Table 2-A-3. Practice Qualification Position

Rounds Fired

Distance

Method

Time Standard

Hit Standard

Straight ahead

30

4m

Controlled Pair

3 seconds from command “UP”

21

Left turn

30

7m

Controlled Pair

3 seconds from command “UP”

21

Right turn

30

10m

Controlled Pair

3 seconds from command “UP”

21

Straight ahead walking

50

4m

Controlled Pair

3 seconds from command “UP”

35

Straight ahead walking

50

Begin at 7m, shoot at 4m

Controlled Pair

3 seconds from command “UP”

35

Walk-stop-turn

50

10m

Controlled Pair

3 seconds from command “UP”

35

Run-stop-shoot

30

Start at 15m, shoot at 10m

Controlled Pair

3 seconds from command “UP”

21

Straight Ahead

30

7m

Controlled Pair

3 seconds from command “UP”

21

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Reflexive Firing Training c. Table 2-C-1. Evaluation/Qualification Position

Rounds Fired

Distance

Method

Time Standard

Hit Standard

Straight ahead

2

4m

Controlled Pair

3 sec from cmd “UP”*

2

Left turn

2

7m

Controlled Pair

3 sec from cmd “UP”*

2

Right turn

2

10m

Controlled Pair

3 sec from cmd “UP”*

2

Straight ahead walking

2

4m Begin at 7m

Controlled Pair

3 sec from cmd “UP”*

2

Straight ahead walking

2

10m Begin at 15m

Controlled Pair

3 sec from cmd “UP”*

2

Walk-stop-turn

2

7m Begin at 4m

Controlled Pair

3 sec from cmd “UP”*

2

Run-stop-shoot

2

10m Begin at 20m

Controlled Pair

3 sec from cmd “UP”*

2

Straight ahead

2

25m

Controlled Pair

3 sec from cmd “UP”*

2

Walk Laterally to Right

2

7m

Controlled Pair

3 sec from cmd “UP”*

2

Walk Laterally to Left

2

7m

Controlled Pair

3 sec from cmd “UP”*

2

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Reflexive Firing Training Resources/Materials: 1. E-type targets. a. 2”x4”x6’ boards for holding e-type silhouettes. b. E-type silhouettes. c. Nails and hammer. d. E-tool or d-handle shovel. e. Sandbags. 2. Plywood target hangers. a. ½”x 4’x8’ boards for holding targets. b. 4”x4”x6’ poles for holding plywood. c. E-type silhouettes. d. Sandbags. 3. White engineer tape 4. Spray paint (multi colors)

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Reflexive Firing Training Targets:

- 5’ Tall

- 5’ Tall. 8’ Wide

- Legs 24” long

- Legs 36” long.

- E-type nailed or stapled

- E-type slides into the top boards into grooves in the bottom board.

- Staple pie plates, bowling pin target, or painted circles.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Reflexive Firing Training Live Fire Lanes 1m 4m 7m 10m

15m

20m Dry Fire Lanes

25m

Ammo Area

Rest Area

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT CQC Training 92’

72’ 25’

29’

18’

25’

26’

18’ 15’

35’

15’

55’

55’

9’

67’

10’ 30’

25’

20’

5’

18’

18’

15’ 15’

DIRT BIRM

22’

10’

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Advanced Training – stress shoot

7M El Presidente Task: Conduct stress shooting drill

1) Paratrooper starts facing away from targets, with 1 x 6rd mag locked and loaded. On command of start he turns and fires 2 x rds into each target. 2) After 6th rd he takes a knee and changes his mag. 3) Shooter then fires 2 x rds into each target going the opposite direction. 4) Time stops after final rd fired. *5) Paratrooper repeats with mask on. *6) Paratrooper repeats with NODS and or under-gun light

that replicates the conditions a Paratrooper will experience as he enters a room and encounters multiple enemy targets. Particular emphasis on marksmanship (with and w/o P-mask), equipment ergonomics, mag changes, and expedient and accurate transition firing. Condition: Given 7-10m range, 3 x FBI targets, 2 x 6-rd mags, M-4, K-Pot, LCE, P-mask, under-gun light and NODS. (**As an option, shooter can run 100m to start Standard: Scored by total number of hits in the 5-zone position. This should only be done after shooter has mastered basic drill.) divided by time. Final standardsTBD after base-line established

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Advanced Training – stress shoot Note: This is the set-up at Range 25 on Fort Lewis, these are all common range structures but will probably be arrayed differntly on each installation. The bottom line is that the range should have structures to climb up and down from to replicate urban firing positions and the dynamics of urban movement.

1

2

4

5

6 30M

3 2

Urban Assault Drill Task: Conduct stress shooting that replicates the conditions a Paratrooper will experience during urban combat. Particular emphasis on marksmanship, mag changes, equipment ergonomics, use of non-standard firing positions, and physical conditioning. Condition: Given 100m range and obstacles that replicate urban structures and that will stress the Paratrooper both aerobically and anerobically. Also 6 x 10 rd magazines, 6xFBI tgt’s, M-4 with sights, helmut, LCE. Standard: Scored by total number of hits in 5-zone divided by time. Final standards TBD after base-line established

3

1

4

5

6

40M 1) Timer starts at #1, individual has 1 x 10 rd mag locked and loaded. On Command of start he moves 10 ft to line and fires 100m using prone unsupported position. After all rds fired he gets up and moves to #2. 2) Shooter fires 10 x rds from behind the tree, he may use any part of the tree to steady his weapon. Shooter moves to #3. 3) Shooter climbs ladder and moves to top of roof, ensures minimal portions of body is exposed to enemy, fires 10 x rds at tgt. Climbs back down and moves to #4. 4) Shooter climbs up and fires from inside tower, 10 x rds. Climbs back down and moves to #5. 5) Shooter positions himself with minimal exposure to enemy and fires from behind the barrier, 10 x rds, then moves to #6. 6) Shooter climbs onto roof,and positions himself with minimal exposure to enemy. He fires 10 x rds,and climbs back down, clock stops when feet hit the ground.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Advanced Training – stress shoot A

B

(20M between Barriers) (7m)

(Barrier #2)

(10) (8)

(7)

(6) (25m)

(5) Standing (Barrier #1)

(2) Weak -side Kneeling.

(3) Prone

(4) Strong-side Kneeling.

Shoot and Move Drill Task: Conduct stress shooting drill that replicates the conditions a Paratrooper C will experience as he moves from Cover to cover and engages multiple enemy targets while moving. Particular emphasis on shooting while moving (moving forward and laterally), equipment ergonomics, mag changes, and expedient and accurate transition firing. Condition: Given 50m range, 3 x FBI targets, 1 x 30rd mag, 3 x 6 rd mags, M-4, P-mask, K-Pot, LCE, under-gun light and NODS. Standard: Scored by total number of points per hit (Barrier #3) divided by time. Final standards TBD after base-line established (9) 1) Time starts from pos #1, shooter engages tgt’s A,B,C, from the prone, 2 x rds per tgt. 2-5) Shooter moves to barrier #1 and engages tgt’s A,B,C, from positions 2,3,4,5, 2 x rds per tgt. Shooter changes mags behind barrier. 6) Shooter moves from barrier #1 shooting as he moves at tgt’s A,B,C, 2 x rds per tgt. 7) At barrier #2 shooter stops changes mags behind cover. 8) Shooter moves from barrier #2 to barrier #3 shooting as he moves at tgt’s A,B,C, 2 x rds per tgt. 9) At barrier #3 shooter stops changes mags behind cover. (1) Prone 10) Shooter moves from barrier #3 to barrier #2 shooting 50m as he moves at tgt’s A,B,C, 2 x rds per tgt. Time stops when the Ranger returns behind cover. **Conduct w/P-mask, and at night using NODS.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Advanced Training – stress shoot

(2) Standing

(4) Kneeling

(6) Prone

(1)(3) (5) (7) Prone

KD INTERVAL FIRE: TASK: Conduct stress shooting that replicates the conditions a Paratrooper will experience during urban or rural combat. Particular emphasis on position shooting and medium and long-distance marksmanship. Because most Paratrooper combat will be offensive vs defensive, this drill incorporates interval sprints (1400m) to increase stress on the shooter and to replicate the physical demands of offensive combat. Condition: Given KD range, 1 x FBI per shooter, 4 x 10 rd magazines, M-4 with sights, helmut, LCE. Standard: Scored by total number of points per hit on the target divided by time. Final standardsTBD after base-line established.

100m

200m

300m

400m

1-3) Time starts with shooter at position #1, with 10xrd mag locked and loaded. On cmd of start shooter runs to position #2 and fires 10 x rds from standing position. Upon completion he runs back to position #3 and picks up another 10 rd mag and runs to position #4. 4-5) At position #4 shooter fires 10 x rds from kneeling unsupported position. Upon completion he runs back to position #5 and picks up another 10 rd mag and runs to position #6. 6-7) At position #6 shooter fires 10 x rds from prone unsupported position. Upon completion he runs back to position #7 and picks up another 10 rd mag and fires using prone unsupported from that position. Time stops after 10th rd is fired.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT Advanced Training – stress shoot

25 M

4b Low-Crawl

30 M

4a

50 M 55 M

3b High-Crawl 3a

75 M

2b Low-Crawl

80 M

2a

100 M 110 M

1 SP-----SP

GRIZ IMT DRILL: TASK: Conduct stress shooting that replicates the conditions a Paratrooper will experience during urban or rural combat. Particular emphasis on shooting while conducting proper individual movement techniques. Also mag changes while behind low cover, equipment ergonomics, and physical conditioning. Condition: Given 110m range or KD range, 1 x FBI per man, 4 x 5 rd magazines, M-4 with sights, helmut, LCE, and NODS. Standard: Shooter must perform proper IMT, and use the off-set cover to base his movement on. Scored by total number of points from hits on the target, divided by time. Final standards TBD after base-line established. 1) Paratrooper starts with 1 x 5rd mag locked and loaded. On command of start he sprints to position #1 dives behind cover and fires 5 x rds at target. Shooter changes mag behind cover and sprints to position 2A. 2A-2B) Shooter low-crawls from 2A to 2B and fires 5 x rds at target, shooter changes mag behind cover and sprints to position 3A. 3A-3B) Shooter high-crawls from 3A to 3B and fires 5 x rds at target, shooter changes mag behind cover and sprints to position 4A. 4A-4B) Shooter low-crawls from 4A to 4B and fires 5 x rds at target. Clock stops after last round is fired. **Shooter repeats at night using NODS.

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT References: 1. 2. 3. 4.

FM 90-10-1, C1 Ranger Training Circular 350-1-2 AMT Fort Bragg Regulation 350-1 1 AD GUNSOP

CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT