CLASSES EXTRAS T20 v2.8
August 27, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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GACWWDW D_]VCW BÇL LNKGKCKW ]lredbtc 68
Wueãrkl Gacssds Dxtrcs Dxtrcs Bçl Lnkgkcks
Csscsskbl Elbcrgc mcs Wlefrcs........ Wlefrcs..................... ......................... ............83 83 Gcrtlecbtd................... Gcrtlecbtd....... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................87 .........87 Odelecbtd................... Odelecbtd....... ......................... ......................... ......................... .....................8: ........8: Aåmdr md Judrrc....... Judrrc.................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ...............8; ...8; Xujbctlr.......................................................................33 Wceurck.................... Wceurck....... .......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ..............3= ..3= _ceç.......................... _ceç............. ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... .............3> 3>
Glbgdktl Laã, dstlu glepcraocbml cajuecs gacssds oledfrdw qud mdsdbvlavk pcrc `ljcr gle cekjls. ]lredbtc 68 ë sde mðvkmcs ue mls skstdecs m68 qud glbskmdrl ecks glepadtl de rdacêçl c glbstruêçl md pdrslbcjdbs ecs c kecjkbcêçl cs vdzds glrrd slatc. ]dbtdk cl eãxkel mdkxcr cs ocfkakmcmds bl eåbkel dqukpcrcmcs cs `ã dxkstdbt dxkstdbtds ds bl skstdec tcbtl de plmdr qucbtl cl båvda de qud dstçl mksplbåvdks. Dssd glbtdðml ë jrctukml d bçl tde qucaqudr rdacêçl gle c @cefý Dmktlrc. ]lmls sçl akvrds pcrc uakzcrde d elmkffigcrde cl sdu prczdr prczdr.. Cqudads gle cajuec sujdstçl lu mdtdbtlrds mls mkrdktls cutlrcks mcs kecjdbs plmde dbtrcr de glbtctl pdal decka ‑rdjrcsmcgcsc.m68Hjecka.gle― lu pdal mksglrm "M68#67:7".
CWWCWWKBL ELBCVGC MCW WLEFVCW
GCVCG]DVÅW]KGCW MD GACWWD Xlbtls md ^kmc. Te Csscsskbl gledêc gle 36 plbtls md vkmc (+elm. glbstukêçl) d +7 (+elm. glbstukêçl) plr båvda.
Xlbtls md Ecbc. = XE plr båvda.
]CFDAC 3 - L CWWCWWKBL
Båvda
Ocfkakmcmd md Gacssd
3¸
Gcbscêl
6¸
Csscsskbl, Xlmdr md Csscsskbl
7¸
Drjce-sd, Xlmdr md Csscsskbl
=¸
Xlmdr md Csscsskbl
4¸
Xlmdr md Csscsskbl
>¸
Glrcêçl Bdjrl, Xlmdr md Csscsskbl
:¸
Xlmdr md Csscsskbl
?¸
Xlmdr md Csscsskbl
;¸
Ndrkedbtls Jrcvds, Xlmdr md Csscsskbl
38¸
Xlmdr md Csscsskbl
33¸
Xlmdr md Csscsskbl
36¸
Xlmdr md Csscsskbl
37¸
Xlmdr md Csscsskbl
3=¸
Xlmdr md Csscsskbl
34¸
Xlmdr md Csscsskbl
3>¸
Xlmdr md Csscsskbl
3:¸
Xlmdr md Csscsskbl
3?¸
Xlmdr md Csscsskbl
3;¸
Xlmdr md Csscsskbl Vdk mcs Wlefrcs, Xlmdr md Csscsskbl
(Mds) d Vdstdxls (Mds), ecks = c Xdrågkcs. Nurvkmcmd suc dsglaoc dbtrd Cgrlfcgkc (Mds), Ctadsel (Nlr), Gcvcajcr (Mds), Glbodgkedbtl (Kbt), Mkpalecgkc (Gcr), Dbjcbcêçl (Gcr), Kbkgkcvc (Mds), Kbekmcêçl (Gcr), Kbtukêçl (Wcf), Kbvdsjcêçl (Kbt), Autc (Nlr), Lgkl (Kbt), Xdrgdpêçl (Wcf) d Xlbtcrkc (Mds).
Xrlnkgkàbgkcs. Bdbouec
OCFKAKMCMDW MD GACWWD
Gcbscêl. Bde tlmls dstçl prlbtls pcrc suplrtcr l Gcbscêl. plmdr ml Elbcrgc mcs Wlefrcs. Gcmc vdz qud vlgà cvcr uec ocfkakmcmd jcboc 4 plbtls md gcbscêl. Cl godjcr de 48 cmqukrd c glbmkêçl ncjcml, cl godjcr de 388 c glbmkêçl dxcustl. dxcustl. Ls plbtls sçl gueuacvls d pdrecbd pdrecbd-gde, plmdbml rdtlrbcr c 8 bl eledbtl qud mdsgcbscr. ]lmc vdz qud fdfdr qucaqudr plêçl lu sd fdbdffigkcr md ktdbs lu ocfkakmcmds md gurc mkekbuk 68 plbtls md gcbscgcbsc êl. Csscsskbl. C pcrr ml båvda 6, vlgà cuedbtc l mcbl gcuscml plr crecs advds d ãjdks de 48%. Dssd dndktl sd cpakgc cpdbcs cl mcbl mc crec. Xlmdr md Csscsskbl. Bl 6° båvda, d c gcmc båvda sdjukbtd, vlgà dsglaod ue mls plmdrds c sdjukr. sdjukr. md • ctcqud Cgdrtl nurvl ^ktca. Xlmd 6Xe pcrc rdgdfdr c ocfkakmcocfkakmc+3m>jcstcr pdac gdbc. • Cmcjc Cfficmc. ^lgà rdgdfd +6 bc ecrjde md cedcêc d de tdstds md ctcqud gle cmcjcs. 3
68¸
• Cmcjc Wlefrkc. Tec vdz plr turbl vlgà plmd jcstcr 3Xe pcrc kbvlgcr uec cmcjc slefrkc. Dac sled cp÷s l prkedkrl ctcqud d vlgà tde +6 de tdstds md ctcqud d mcbl gle dac. • Ctcquds Eðapals. Sucbml cgdrtcr ue ctcqud gle uec crec advd lu ãjka uscbml cêçl pcmrçl plmd jcstcr 6Xe pcrc rdcakzcr ue ctcqud dxtrc gle c edsec crec. Xrë-rdquksktl0 > båvda md Elbcrgc • Cuedbtl md Ctrkfutl. ^lgà rdgdfd +6 de ue ctrkfutl c sucC dsglaoc. plmd vdz dsglaodr dstd plmdrpcrc vãrkcsl vdzds. pcrr mc^lgà sdjubmc qud dsglaoà-al edsel ctrkfutl, l cuedbtl mkekbuk pcrc +3. • Cutlrkmcmd ml Elbcrgc. ^lgà ncz sdus kbkekjls sd c`ldaocrde pdrcbtd l Elbcrgc. Xlmd jcstcr 4Xe d uec cêçl glepadtc pcrc tlmcs cs grkcturcs de cagcbgd gurtl ffigcrde bc glbmkêçl gcåml. Ls cavls mdvde nczdr ue tdstd md Ctadsel (GM Gcr), sd ncaocr ffigce gcåmls plr 3 rlmcmc. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Eçl ml Jlvdrbcbtd, 36 båvda md Elbcrgc. • Mleåbkl ml Elbcrgc. ^lgà jdrc uec curc slefrkc de cagcbgd gurtl, vlgà plmd kbvlgcr slefrcs de qucaqudr plbtl mdbtrl mdac. Caëe mkssl, kbvlgcêôds mdbtrl mc curc rdgdfde +3 de tdstds md cgdrtl. Xrë-rdquksktl0 7 båvda md Csscsskbl, Gcr 3=.
• Nurvkmcmd. De ãrdcs md dsgurkmçl lu pdbuefrc vlgà plmd jcstcr 6Xe d cêçl pcmrçl pcrc ffigcr kbvksåvda ctë l ffie ml pr÷xkel turbl dbqucbtl cbmcr pdac ãrdc plugl kauekbcmc. Xrë-rdquksktl0 4 båvda md Elbcrgc. • Nðrkc ml Elbcrgc. Xlmd jcstcr 3Xe plr turbl pcrc c curc slefrkc jdrcr l dndktl md Nðrkc de sucs kbvlgcêôds. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Mleåbkl ml Elbcrgc. ^ktca. Gcsl cgdrtd ue ctcqud gle Cgdrtl ^ktca • Jlapd plmd md jcstcr 3Xe pcrc mlfrcr l mcml md mcbl nurvl. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Cgdrtl ^ktca.
• Eçl ml Jlvdrbcbtd. Xlmd uscr uec cêçl md elvkedbtl pcrc puxcr ue lf`dtl md ctë 6ij de cagcbgd gurtl. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Gcr 37. • Xcssls Advds. Wd dsvdr gcrrdjcbml edtcmd mc suc gcrjc eãxkec lu edblr, rdgdfd +7e bl mdsalgcedbtl. Xrë-rdquksktl0 ]rdkbcml de Ctadsel. • Lplrtubksel. ^lgà rdgdfd +6 de tdstds md ctcqud glbtrc kbkekjls qud `ã slnrdrce mcbl gcuscml plr vlgà mdsmd sdu ðael turbl. • Xcssls Advds. Wd dsvdr gcrrdjcbml edtcmd mc suc gcrjc eãxkec lu edblr, rdgdfd +7e bl mdsalgcedbtl. Xrë-rdquksktl0 ]rdkbcml de Ctadsel. • ]åtual. ]lmc vdz qud vlgà ectcr 388 grkcturcs ml edsel pl rdgdfdrã ue tual. Xlr dxdepal, dxdepal, sd ectcr 388 elbstrls rdgdfdrã "Ectcmlr md Elbstrls". Gcsl glbskjc cajue, bl kbågkl md gcmc cvdbturc dsglaoc ue mls tuals, vlgà krã jcbocr fýbus md 48% bls mcbls tltcks glbtrc l pl md grkcturc. Tec vdz sdadgklbcmc, bçl plmdrã trlgcr md tual ctë l ffie mc cvdbturc. Xrë-rdqukskXrë-rdquksktl0 Gcr 3= • ]rlgc md slefrc. Xlmd jcstcr 6Xe d cêçl Glepadtc pcrc trlgcr md aujcr gle uec slefrc de cagcbgd gurtl. 7 båvda md Csscsskbl. • ^dalgkmcmd Acmkbc. Tec vdz plr rlmcmc, vlgà plmd jcstcr 6 XE pcrc rdcakzcr uec cêçl md elvkedbtl cmkgklbca de sdu turbl. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Mds 34, trdkbcml de Drjce-sd. Drjce-sd. Båvda 7, plmd tdbtcr dxtrckr c slefrc md uec grkcturc elrtc gle BM kjucks c edtcmd ml sdu båvda. Xlr dxdepal, ue Elbcrgc båvda 7 glbsdjud dxtrckr slefrcs md grkcturcs gle BM 3. C kbvlgcêçl sck mc suc slefrc, cssuekbml uec nlrec slakmc. Dac ë uec mupakgctc kmàbkmàbgc plmdbml jucrmcr trcêls md suc pdrslbcakmcmd cbjc. Cpdscr ml cspdgtl dac ckbmc sdrã uec grkcturc md sduslefrkl, pl. Kbmdpdbmdbtd mc glbskmdrcmc grkcturc dac tdrã cs sdjukbtds gcrcgtdråsgcs0 Edtcmd mls X^ ml pdrslbcjde d edtcmd mls XE mc grkcturc (gcsl plssuc).
sugdmkml de ue Xcrc dxtrckr c slefrc mdvd sdr fde sugdmkml tdstd md Mkpalecgkc (GM Wcf ml cavl, c GM cuedbtc de +3 pcrc gcmc eàs mdsmd c elrtc mc grkcturc). ^lgà tde tràs tdbtcvcs, sd ncaocr bçl plmdrã tdbtcr blvcedbtd d sd lfvdr sugdssl dac krã aod sdrvkr. Cl dxtrckr uec grkcturc mdvdrã mkekbukr sdus plbtls eãxkels md ecbc de 3Xe. ^lgà plmdrã dxtrckr dxtrckr d uakzcr ue tltca md slefrcs kjucks cl sdu elmkffigcmlr md kbtdakjàbgkc (eåbkel 3). Cs grkctugrkcturcs dsglbmkmcs suc slefrc ctë vlgà kbvlgã-acs. Xcrcffigcrçl kssl mdvd jcstcr bc 38Xe d uec cêçl glepadtc plr kbvlgcêçl. Dacs cpcrdgdrçl cl sdu acml d dbtçl pcsscrçl c cjkr bl sdu pr÷xkel turbl. ^lgà plmd jucrmcr c slefrc gle cêçl md elvkedbtl kbmdpdbmdbtd md lbmd dac dstd`c. Kbvlgcêôds pdrecbdgde ctë l ffie mc gdbc. Gcsl godjude c 8 X^ vlatcrçl pcrc suc slefrc. ^lgà plmdrã gcbgdacr uec slefrc uakzcbml cêçl glepadtc, dac suekrã pcrc sdeprd d vlgà rdgupdrc l bðedrl eãxkel md pe pdrmkml cl dxtrckr dac. *L EDW]VD Ë AK^VD XCVC NCPDV CA]DVCÊÔDW BCW NKGOCW MCW GVKC]TVCW, GLB^DVWDE C NKE MC LXÊÇL ECKW MK^DV]KMC XCVC ]LMLW* Glrcêçl Wlefrkl. Wlefrkl. Båvda > vlgà rdgdfd ue glrcêçl bdjrl. C pcrr mdssd eledbtl c pr÷xkec vdz qud vlgà elrrdr krã rdbcsgdr glel l vdrmcmdkrl elbcrgc. ^lgà krã rdssurjkr cp÷s 6 turbls bl edsel algca cmqukrkbml ue cspdgtl slefrkl. Ndrkedbtls Jrcvds. Jrcvds. Båvda ;, Grkcturcs qud vlgà ctcgc gle crecs advds mdvde nczdr tdstd md Nlrtumd (GM 68) lu krçl gledêcr c scbjrcr. Vdk mcs Wlefr Wlefrcs. cs. Båvda 68, vlgà plmd jcstcr >Xe d cêçl glepadtc pcrc vkc`cr dbtrd cs slefrcs mls lf`dtls lu sdrds vkvls bl gdbãrkl. Glel pcrtd mc dxdguêçl, vlgà dbtrcr de uec slefrc cm`cgdbtd qud sd`c ecklr ml qud vlgà. ^lgà plmd pdrecbdgdr mdbtrl mc slefrc, pdrgdfdbml ls crrdmlrds md nlrec blreca (ecs sde plmdr nczdr cêôds). Xdac gdbc vlgà plmd jcstcr uec cêçl md elvkedbtl pcrc sckr mc edsec slefrc, lu md qucaqudr lutrc mdbtrl md 3ie.
6
GCV]LECB]D
]CFDAC 3 - L GCV]LECB]D
Båvda
GCVCG]DVÅW]KGCW MD GACWWD Xlbtls md ^kmc. Te Gcrtlecbtd gledêc gle 36 plbtls md vkmc (+elm. glbstukêçl) d +7 (+elm. glbstukêçl) plr båvda.
Xlbtls md Ecbc. 4 XE plr båvda. (Kbt) d @ljcbc (Gcr), ecks = c suc Xdrågkcs. Eksgksel dsglaoc dbtrd Cgrlfcgkc (Mds), Ctucêçl (Gcr), Glbodgkedbtl (Kbt), Mkpalecgkc (Gcr), Dbjcbcêçl (Gcr), Nurvkmcmd (Mds), Kbkgkcvc (Mds), (Mds), Kbvdsj Kbvdsjcêçl cêçl (Kbt), Acmkbcjde (Mds), Autc (Nlr), Lgkl (Kbt), Xlbtcrkc (Mds), Xdrgdpêçl (Wcf) d Vdstdxls (Mds).
Xrlnkgkàbgkcs. Bdbouec
OCFKAKMCMDW MD GACWWD
Cumãgkc. Sucbml ncz ue tdstd md pdrågkc, vlgà plmd Cumãgkc. jcstcr 6 XE pcrc rdgdfdr ue fýbus kjuca cl sdu elmkffigcelmkffigcmlr md Gcrksec bl tdstd. ^lgà bçl plmd uscr dstc ocfkakocfkak mcmd de tdstds md ctcqud. Gcrtdcmlr. Vdgdfd +7 de tlmls ls tdstds md @ljcbc gle fcrcaol. Gcrtcs Eãjkgcs. ^lgà ë gcpcz md prlmuzkr gcrtcs eãjkgcs. Xcrc kssl mdvd jcstcr plbtls md ecbc, kbgaukbml cprkelrcedbtls (ckbmc akektcml pdal båvda), de ecjkcs glbodgkmcs, 3 olrc md prdpcrcêçl d ]$3 plr gcrtc.
Ocfkakmcmd md Gacssd
3¸
Cumãgkc, Gcrtdcmlr, Gcrtcs Eãjkgcs, Ecjkcs (3¸ gårgual)
6¸
Xlmdr md Gcrtlecbtd
7¸
]ruqud è Mkstæbgkc, Fcrcaol Dbndkêcml, Xlmdr md Gcrtlecbtd
=¸
Xlmdr md Gcrtlecbtd
4¸
Xlmdr md Gcrtlecbtd
>¸
Ecjkcs (6¸ gårgual), Xlmdr md Gcrtlecbtd
:¸
Xlmdr md Gcrtlecbtd
?¸
Xlmdr md Gcrtlecbtd
;¸
Xlmdr md Gcrtlecbtd
38¸
Ecjkcs (7¸ gårgual), Xlmdr md Gcrtlecbtd
33¸
Xlmdr md Gcrtlecbtd
36¸
Xlmdr md Gcrtlecbtd
37¸
Xlmdr md Gcrtlecbtd
3=¸
Ecjkcs (=¸ gårgual), Xlmdr md Gcrtlecbtd
34¸
Xlmdr md Gcrtlecbtd
3>¸
Xlmdr md Gcrtlecbtd
3:¸
Xlmdr md Gcrtlecbtd
3?¸
Xlmdr md Gcrtlecbtd
3;¸
Xlmdr md Gcrtlecbtd
68¸
Edstrrd mcs Gcrtcs, Xlmdr md Gcrtlecbtd
Ecjkcs. ^lgà plmd acbêcr ecjkcs crgcbcs md 3° 3 ° gårgual ctrcvës md sucs gcrtcs eãjkgcs. È edmkmc qud slfd md båvda, plmd acbêcr ecjkcs md gårguals ecklrds (6° gårgual bl >° båvda, 7° gårgual bl 38° båvda d =° gårgual bl 3=° båvda). ^lgà gledêc gle tràs ecjkcs md 3° gårgual. C gcmc båvda, cprdbmd uec ecjkc md qucaqudr gårgual qud plssc acbêcr. Cs ecjkcs md gcrtlecbtd s÷ plmde sdr acbêcmcs ctrcvës mc ocfkakmcmd md gacssd Gcrtcs Eãjkgcs. Wdu ctrkfutl-gocvd pcrc acbêcr ecjkcs ë Kbtdakjàbgkc d vlgà l fýbus ml cs ctrkfutl-gocvd bl sdu tltca md XE. ^d`c lslec Gcpåtual = pcrc rdjrcs md ecjkc. Xlmdr md Gcrtlecbtd. Bl 6° båvda, d c gcmc båvda sdjukbtd, vlgà dsglaod ue mls plmdrds c sdjukr. • Crgcbl md Fctcaoc. ^lgà slec l fýbus md sdu ctrkfutl gocvd bcs rlacjdbs md mcbl pcrc ecjkcs.
^lgà plmd prdpcrcr ue bðedrl md gcrtcs eãjkgcs kjucks cl sdu elmkffigcmlr md Kbtdakjàbgkc plr vdz. Gcmc vdz qud cagcbêcr ue blvl gårgual eãjkgl cuedbtc l akektd de +3. Cs gcrtcs suekrçl cl tërekbl ml mkc lu cp÷s cvcêçl.
• Cuedbtl md Ctrkfutl. Ctrkfutl. ^lgà rdgdfd +6 de ue ctrkfutl c suc dsglaoc. ^lgà plmd dsglaodr dstd plmdr vãrkcs vdzds. C pcrr mc sdjubmc vdz qud dsglaoà-al pcrc l edsel ctrkfutl, l cuedbtl mkekbuk pcrc +3.
Xcrc cvcr c ecjkc, l glb`urcmlr mdvd sdjurcr c gcrtc uakzcbml pdal edbls uec mcs eçls. ]lmcs ]lmcs cs glbmkêôds mc ecjkc mdvde sdr rdspdktcmcs glel dxdguêçl, dxdguêçl, cagcbgd d dtg.
• Fcrcaol mcs Gcscs eëmkl. Vdgdfd gcrtcs bl sdu fcrcaol ml pl eëmkl. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Fcrcaol Dbndkêcml, 4¸ båvda md Gcrtlecbtd. G crtlecbtd.
7
• Fcrcaol mcs Gcscs ecklr. Vdgdfd gcrtcs bl sdu fcrcaol ml pl ecklr. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Fcrcaol Dbndkêcml eëmkl, ;¸ båvda md Gcrtlecbtd. G crtlecbtd.
• Eçls Vãpkmcs. Xlmd puxcr uec gcrtc dxtrc plr turbl uscbml uec cêçl md elvkedbtl. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Fcrcaol Dbndkêcml.
• Fcrcaol ml Mdsbl eëmkl. Vdgdfd gcrtcs bl sdu fcrcaol ml pl eëmkl. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Fcrcaol Dbndkêcml, :¸ båvda md Gcrtlecbtd. Gc rtlecbtd.
• Lrãgual. Sucbml uscr uec cêçl pcrc puxcr uec gcrtc md ue mls sdus fcrcaols eãjkgls plmd nczdr ue tdstd md eksgksel GM 34 + 4 pcrc gcmc tdstd glbsdguvl fde sugdmkml. Wd pcsscr puxc c gcrtc mdsd`cmc d sd ncaocr ckbmc puxc uec gcrtc cadct÷rkc. C GM rdtlrbc cl kbågkl cp÷s mdsgcbsl. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Fcrcaol Dbndkêcml, ]rdkbc ]rdkbc-ml de Eksgksel.
• Fcrcaol ml Mdsbl ecklr. Vdgdfd gcrtcs bl sdu fcrcaol ml pl ecklr, puxcr gcrtcs mdssd fcrcaol pcssc c gustcr 6Xe. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Fcrcaol Dbndkêcml eëmkl, 3>¸ båvda md Gcrtlecbtd. • Fcrcaol Dbndkêcml. Gcsl tdboc dsglaokml Fcrcaol ml Mdsbl, rdgdfd Fcrcaol mcs gcscs. Gcsl tdboc dsglaokml Fcrcaol mcs gcscs rdgdfd Fcrcaol ml mdsbl. Xrë-rdqukskXrë-rdquksktl0 =¸ båvda md Gcrtlecbtd • Gcrtc Cfficmc. Xlmd slecr sdu elmkffigcmlr md GcrksGcrksec bl mcbl gle `ljcmcs md ctcqud gle fcrcaol. prë-rdprë-rdquksktl0 ]rdkbcml ]rdkbcml de Xlbtcrkc, Fcrcaol mcs Gcscs. • Gcrtc Cekjc. Cl prlmuzkr cs gcrtcs eãjkgcs, plmd nczdr ue tdstd md Eksgksel GM 68 + l gustl de XE mc ecjkc, sd pcsscr cs gcrtcs plmde sdr cvcmcs plr cakcmls c suc dsglaoc. Cakcmls plmde cvcr c gcrtc gle 3Xe d cêçl bdgdssãrkc pcrc cvcr c ecjkc. Xrë-rdquksktl0 ]rdkbc]rdkbcml de Eksgksel. • Gcrtc Crecmkaoc. Cl acbêcr ecjkc plmd jcstcr 3Xe pcrc cuedbtcr sdu GM de +6. • Gcrtc Glrkbjc. Tec vdz cl mkc plmd prdpcrcr uec gcrtc eãjkgc gle ls edsel gustls ecs jcstcbml 7Xe. ^lgà plmdrã acbêcr qucaqudr ecjkc qud glbodêc ctë 6¸ Gårgual d sde cprkelrcedbtls ctrcvës mdssc gcrtc. • Gcrtc bc Ecbjc. Tec vdz cl mkc plmd prdpcrcr uec gcrtc eãjkgc gle ls edsel gustls ecs jcstcbml 7Xe. ^lgà plmdrã prdpcrcr qucaqudr ecjkc md 3¸ Gårgual edsel qud bçl glbodêc sde cprkelrcedbtls. • Gcrtdcml. ^lgà rdgdfd +6 de tdstds md ctcqud gle fcrcaol. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Fcrcaol mcs gcscs. • Glbodgkedbtl Eãjkgl. ^lgà cprdbmd mucs ecjkcs md qucaqudr gårgual qud plssc acbêcr. ^lgà plmd dsglaodr dstd plmdr qucbtcs vdzds quksdr. • Glbtrceãjkgc Cprkelrcmc. Tec vdz plr rlmcmc, vlgà plmd nczdr uec glbtrceãjkgc glel uec rdcêçl cvcbml uec gcrtc eãjkgc qud glbtdboc Mksskpcr ecjkc (vd`c c pãjkbc 3>=). Xrë-rdquksktl0 Mksskpcr Ecjkc. • Eçl Godkc. Cuedbtc l bðedrl eãxkel md gcrtcs plssåvdks bc eçl de +3. Xlmd pdjcr dssd plmdr mkvdrscs vdzds pcrc ecks gcrtcs. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Fcrcaol Dbndkêcml.
• Vduakzcr. Xcrc gcmc 6 gcrtcs uscmcs lu mdsgcrtcmcs rdgupdrc 3Xe. Xrë-rdquksktl0 7 båvda md Gcrtlecbtd. • ^drsãa. Cuedbtc l akektd eãxkel md gcrtcs eãjkgcs qud vlgà plmd prlmuzkr plr mkc de +3. Xlmd pdjcr dssd plmdr mkvdrscs vdzds. mkstæbgkc. Båvda 7, vlgà plmd cvcr sucs gcrtcs ]ruqud è mkstæbgkc. eãjkgcs de cagcbgd gurtl. L cagcbgd mc ecjkc ckbmc ë de rdacêçl c vlgà d bçl c gcrtc. Fcrcaol Dbndktkêcml. Dbndktkêcml. Båvda 7, vlgà rdgdfd ue fcrcaol dbndkêcml. Dsglaoc ue dbtrd Fcrcaol ml Mdsbl d Fcrcaol mcs Gcscs. Vdgdfdrã c vdrsçl edblr ml dsglaokdsglaok ml. Edstrd mcs Gcrtcs Gcrtcs.. Båvda 68, vlgà rdgdfd +38 de tdstds md `ljcbc `ljcbc d eksgksel. eksgksel. Caëe mkssl, prdpcrcr gcrtcs eãjkgcs krã rdmuzkr ls gustls de Xe pdac edtcmd d tlmc vdz qud mdsgcrtcr gcrtcs md ue fcrcaol krã rdgupdrcr 3Xe.
VDJVCW ML FCVCAOL Cl cmqukrkr ue fcrcaol dbndkêcml, plmd puxcr uec gcrtc plr turbl, gle cêçl akvrd pcjcbml 3Xe. KbmdpdbKbmdpdb mdbtd mc qucbmcmd md fcrcaols vlgà s÷ plmd tdr bl eãxkel ctë 7 gcrtcs de eçls bl ffie ml turbl. Gcsl tdboc puxcml uec gcrtc kbmdsd`cmc plmd mdsgcrtcr glel cêçl md elvkedbtl, ecs ckbmc pdrmd l Xe jcstl bdac. Xcrc cs cvcr, qucbml bdgdssãrkl, mdvd sdeprd jcstcr uec cêçl pcmrçl dbqucbtl c sdjurc, ls dndktls murce pdac gdbc d s÷ cgueuace ctë 6 vdzds bl edsel cavl c bçl sdr qud c mdsgrkêçl mkjc l glbtrãrkl. Ls cavls mdvde dstcr de cagcbgd gurtl pcrc nczdr dndktl. ]dstds md rdskstàbgkc tde sdeprd GM Gcr. Gcrtcs mdsgcrtcmcs lu cp÷s sdrde uscmcs qudkece de uec gocec eãjkgc d rdtlrbce pcrc l fcrcaol, qud tde cs edsecs prlprkdmcmds md ue nlgl ml fruxl crgcbkstc. Cl tdrekbl mc gdbc, tlmcs cs gcrtc puxcmcs rdtlrbce pcrc l fcrcaol.
=
Fcrcaol mcs Gcscs.
Fcrcaol ml Mdstkbl
Edblr. L fcrcaol mcs gcscs ë gleplstl plr quctrl jrupls Edblr. L md gcrtcs gle bðedrls md 3 c 38 tltcakzcbml =8 gcrtcs. Dsscs gcrtcs jdrcaedbtd sçl uscmcs glel crecs md ctcqud plr gcrtlecbtds d bçl prdgksce sdr s dr cvcmcs.
Edblr. L fcrcaol ml mdsbl ë gleplstl plr ? gcrtcs md Edblr. L såeflals, qud jdrce mkvdrsls dndktls, uscml plr gcrtlgcrtlecbtds qud qudrde vdrscakmcmd d jlstce md crrksgcr c slrtd. Cs pdbcakmcmds cmqukrkmls plr dssd fcrcaol bçl sd cgueuace. Xcrc puxcr uec gcrtc rlad 3m388.
Vlad ue tdstd md ctcqud c mkstæbgkc glbtrc ue cavl de cagcbgd gurtl, gcsl cgdrtd gcuscrã mcbl glrtcbtd. L mcbl gcuscml mdpdbmdrã ml bðedrl mc gcrtc glel elstrc c tcfdac c sdjukr. Xcrc puxcr uec gcrtc mdssd fcrcaol, rlad 3m38. Cp÷s sdrde puxcmcs cs gcrtcs sçl glbskmdrcmcs crecs md crrdedssl. Bçl sçl scgcvdks d sçl advds mdecks bçl cmkgklbcbml nlrêc bl mcbl. Eëmkl. Wdu fcrcaol rdgdfd = jrupls md 7 gcrtcs glbtdbml Eëmkl. Wdu vcadtd (@), rckboc (S) d rdk (I), tltcakzcbml 46 gcrtcs bl fcrcaol. Caëe mkssl, tlmls cs gcrtcs gle bðedrl 3 sçl sufstuåmcs plr Ãs (C). Dsscs gcrtcs tde dndktl dspdgkca cvcmcs cl cgdrtcr ue kbkekjl. L mcml pcrc puxcr gcrtcs eumc pcrc 3m36.
• MCML MCML.. C slrtd aod slrrkr. Cavl plmd rlacr mlks mcmls d dsglaodr l edaolr rdsuatcml bl pr÷xkel tdstd md pdrågkc. • AT^C AT^C.. ^lgà jcboc +6 de uec pdrågkc c suc dsglaoc • XË . Grkcturc dsglaokmc jcboc 7e md mdsalgcedbtl • DWGTML DWGTML.. Grkcturc dsglaokmc jcboc +6 bc Mdndsc. • XDBC XDBC.. ^lgà ffigc slf dndktl mc ecjkc Sudmc Wucvd • CEXTAOD] • CEXTAOD]C C. Mdkxc kbkekjl adbtl plr 3 turbl. Nlrtumd cbuac. • XDBTEFVC XDBTEFVC.. Mdkxc kbkekjl cfcacml plr 3 turbl. ^lbtcmd cbuac. • LAOL. LAOL. ^lgà ^lgà ffigc slf dndktl mc ecjkc ^ksçl Eåsgc Eëmkl. Wdu fcrcaol rdgdfd : gcrtcs gle dndktls ecks Eëmkl. nlrtds, pcrc ue tltca md 34 gcrtcs.
Gcsl puxd uec gcrtc md adtrc gle rdsuatcml 33-36 rlad 3m= pcrc0
• FCVML FCVML.. Grkcturc dsglaokmc rdgdfd += bl pr÷xkel tdstd md pdrågkc
C (3). C (3). C gcrtc gcusc mcbl eãxkel @ (6). C (6). C gcrtc ctrcvdssc ls cavls gcuscbml mcbl de akboc rdtc ctë ;e c pcrr ml prkedkrl cavl cbjkml. S (7). C (7). C gcrtc sdjud tlmcs cs grkcturcs de cagcbgd gurtl c suc dsglaoc. Glepcrd ue ðbkgl tdstd md ctcqud c mdndsc md gcmc cavl. V (=). Ls (=). Ls sðmktls sdjude l rdk. C gcrtc rdk ë sdjukmc plr tlmcs cs lutrcs gcrtcs pdrtdbgdbtds cl fcrcaol mcs gcscs qud dsvdr de suc eçl. Wd cgdrtcr, cs gcrtcs qud sdjuksdjukrce tcefëe cgdrtce.
• XVDWDB]D . Clmucs cvcr dssccadct÷rkcs, gcrtc pcjud lscpcrdgdrçl gustls de Xe pcrc puxcr ctë gcrtcs dacs bc suc eçl. • ÃV^LVD . ^lgà rdgdfd plbtls md vkmc kjucks cl sdu elmkffigcmlr md gcrksec. • DWXCMC. DWXCMC. Kbvlgc Kbvlgc uec crec glrpl c glrpl skepads c suc dsglaoc. C crec cpcrdgdrã bc suc eçl lu bl algca akvrd ecks pr÷xkel c vlgà. • ELDMC. ELDMC. Cl cvcr, dsglaoc uec gcrtc ml fcrcaol edblr, dac krã cpcrdgdr bc suc eçl qucbml dssc suekr. • GLVVDB]D . Mdkxc ue kbkekjl ke÷vda plr 3m= turbls. Nlrtumd cbuac. • WLEFVC. WLEFVC. Mdkxc Mdkxc ue kbkekjl cpcvlrcml ctë l kbågkl ml sdu pr÷xkel turbl. ^lbtcmd cbuac.
Ecklr. L fcrcaol mdspdrtc l plmdr mls bckpds, sdeprd Ecklr. qud puxcr uec gcrtc rlad 3m=. Glpcs (3)(6) . Gcusc +3m> mcbl mdmd nljl. Dspcmcs . Gcusc +3m> mcbl nrkl.
Xcus (7). Gcusc (7). Gcusc +3m> mcbl md dadtrkgkmcmd. Lurl (=). (=). Gcusc +3m> mcbl md ãgkml.
]CFDAC 6 - Fcrcaol mcs Gcscs
Eëmkl
Edblr
Mcml md mcbl
3- 6
3-6
3m=
7-=
7-=
3m>
4->
4->
3m?
:-?
:-?
3m38
;-38
;-38
3m36
33-36
3m36
Ecklr. Wdu fcrcaol rdgdfd : gcrtcs gle dndktl Ecklr. Wdu dndktlss plmdrlsls, pcrc ue tltca md 66 gcrtcs. • ]CV]CVTJC ]CV]CVTJC.. ^lgà rdgdfd += bc Mdndsc. • CB@L CB@L.. Vdrc uec glbmkêçl ml cavl. • NAÆETAC NAÆETAC.. ^lgà kbvlgc ue glbstrutl md dbdrjkc qud l sdrvkrã glel ue cakcml vdtdrcbl dbtrd C`umcbtd, C`umcbtd, Mdstrukmlr lu Jucrmkçl. • @LIDV @LIDV.. Mdkxc ue kbkekjl glbnusl. ^lbtcmd cbuac. • STKEDVC STKEDVC.. Cavl rdgdfd += de ue ctrkfutl c suc dsglaoc. • DW]VDAC DW]VDAC.. Mdkxc ue kbkekjl ctlrmlcml plr 3m= turbls. ^lbtcmd cbuac. • NLB]D . Cavl rdgupdrc 6m= plbtls md ecbc
4
]CFDAC 6 - Fcrcaol ml Mdstkbl
Ecklr % 3-4
Eëmkl % 3-;
Edblr % 3-3=
Gcrtc Mcml Auvc
>-38
38-3?
34-6?
33-34
3;-64
6;-=8
Xë
3>-68
6>-76
=3-46
Dsguml
63-64
77-7;
47->=
Xdbc
6>-78
=8-=>
>4-:>
Cepuaodtc
73-74
=:-47
::-??
Xdbuefrc
7>-=8
4=->8
?;-388
Laols
=3-=>
>3->:
Fcrml
=:-48
>?-:=
Xrdsdbtd
43-4=
:4-?8
Ãrvlrd
44-4?
?3-?4
Dspcmc
4;->6
?>-;8
Eldmc
>7->>
;3-;4
Glrrdbtd
>:-:8
;>-388
Wlefrc
:3-:?
]crtcrujc
:;-?=
Naæeuac
?4-;8
Cb`l
;3-;=
@lidr
;4-;>
Sukedrc
;:-;?
Dstrdac Nlbtd
;;-388
>
ODELECB]D
]CFDAC 3 - L ODELECB]D
Båvda
GCVCG]DVÅW]KGCW MD GACWWD Xlbtls md ^kmc. Te Odelecbtd gledêc gle ? plbtls md vkmc (+elm. glbstukêçl) d +3 (+elm. glbstukêçl) plr båvda.
Xlbtls md Ecbc. = XE plr båvda. suc Xdrågkcs. Eksgksel (kbt) d Nlrtumd (Glb), ecks 6 c dsglaoc dbtrd Glbodgkedbtl (kbt), Dbjcbcêçl (gcr),
Ocfkakmcmd md Gacssd
3¸
Crec ^cepårkgc, Xcgtl md Wcbjud, Ecjkcs (3¸ gårgual)
6¸
Xlmdr md Odelecbtd
7¸
Odelncjkc, Xlmdr md Odelecbtd
=¸
Xlmdr md Odelecbtd
4¸
Xlmdr md Odelecbtd
>¸
Ecjkcs (6¸ gårgual), Xlmdr md Odelecbtd
:¸
Xlmdr md Odelecbtd
?¸
Xlmdr md Odelecbtd
;¸
Xlmdr md Odelecbtd
38¸
Ecjkcs (7¸ gårgual), Xlmdr md Odelecbtd
33¸
Xlmdr md Odelecbtd
36¸
Xlmdr md Odelecbtd
37¸
Xlmdr md Odelecbtd
3=¸
Ecjkcs (=¸ gårgual), Xlmdr md Odelecbtd
34¸
Xlmdr md Odelecbtd
3>¸
Xlmdr md Odelecbtd
3:¸
Xlmdr md Odelecbtd
3?¸
Xlmdr md Odelecbtd
3;¸
Xlmdr md Odelecbtd
68¸
Vdk Mrãguac, Xlmdr md Odelecbtd
Kbkgkcvc (mds), Kbekmcêçl (gcr), Autc (nlr).
Xrlnkgkàbgkcs. Bdbouec
OCFKAKMCMDW MD GACWWD
Crec ^cepårkgc. ^cepårkgc. ^lgà plmd jcstcr 3 cêçl glepadtc d 7X^ pcrc grkcr cpdbcs uec crec glrpl c glrpl md scbjud grkstcakzcml mdsmd qud sd`c prlffigkdbtd bdac. C crec tdrã cs gcrcgtdråsgcs md uec crec blreca, ecs nlrc md sucs eçls vlatc c sdr scbjud akqukml. Wdeprd qud l mkc cgcfc lu vlgà ffigc kbsglbgkdbtd c crec sd mdsecbgoc. Xcgtll md Wcbjud. Tec vdz qud tdboc pdjcml båvda bdssc Xcgt gacssd, vlgà mdvdrã uakzcr plbtls md vkmc pcrc cvcr sucs ocfkakmcmds. Xlr glbtc glbtc mkssl, sucs ecjkcs md odel odelecbtd tde cspdgtls scbjuåbdls d cqudacs gu`l dndktl gcusd mcbl sdrã glbskmdrcml md Kepcgtl lu Ãgkml mdpdbmdpdbmdbml mc ecjkc. Wled sdus plbtls md ecbc kbkgkcks c suc vkmc tltca, uscr ocfkakmcmds qud gustde XE krçl uakzcr l mlfrl md XE de X^, kbgaukbml cprkelrcedbtls. ^lgà pcsslu plr rktucks qud eumcrce suc bcturdzc d cjlrc ë uec grkcturc ml pl elrtl-vkvl. Vdgdfd vksçl bl dsgurl d keubkmcmd c mldbêcs, scbjrcedbtl, ncmkjc, slbl d vdbdbls. Caëe mkssl, bçl prdgksc rdspkrcr, rdspkrcr, cakedbtcr-sd lu mlrekr. Xlr ffie, ocfkakmcmds eãjkgcs md gurc gcusce mcbl c vlgà d vlgà bçl sd fdbdffigkc md ktdbs kbjdråvdks (glekmcs, plêôds dtg.). Gcsl sd`c ue Lstdlb mcbl md trdvcs rdgupdrce cpdbcs edtcmd ml mcbl gcuscml.
Ecjkcs. ^lgà plmd acbêcr ecjkcs crgcbcs md 3° gårgual qud pdrtdbêce cs dsglacs0 Bdgrlecbgkc, ]rcbseutcêçl ]rcbseutcêçl d Dvlgcêçl. È edmkmc qud slfd md båvda, plmd acbêcr ecjkcs md gårguals ecklrds (6° gårgual bl >° båvda, 7° gårgual bl 38° båvda d =° gårgual bl 3=° båvda). ^lgà gledêc gle mucs ecjkcs md 3° gårgual. C gcmc båvda pcr (6°, =° dtg.), cprdbmd uec ecjkc md qucaqudr gårgual d dsglac qud plssc acbêcr. Wdu ctrkfutl-gocvd pcrc acbêcr ecjkcs ë Glbstukêçl d vlgà slec sdu fýbus md Glbstukêçl bl sdu tltca md XE. ^d`c l Gcpåtual = pcrc cs rdjrcs md ecjkc. Xlmdr md Odelecbtd. Bl 6° båvda, d c gcmc båvda sdjukbtd, vlgà dsglaod ue mls plmdrds c sdjukr. sdjukr. • Ctcqud Wcbjuåbdl. Wcbjuåbdl. Sucbml ctcgc gle gle c crec vcepårkgc plmd uscr Glbstukêçl bl aujcr md Nlrêc bcs `ljcmcs md ctcqud. prë-rdquksktl0 trdkbcml de autc. • Crgcbl Wcbjuåbdl. Sucbml usc ecjkcs qud gcusde mcbl d qud sd`ce mc dsglac md dvlgcêçl vlgà plmd slecr sdu ctrkfutl-gocvd bcs rlacjdbs md mcbl. prë-rdprë-rd quksktl0 trdkbcml de eksgksel. • Crtds Lguatcs. ^lgà cprdbmd uec ecjkc md qucaqudr gårgual qud plssc acbêcr. Dac plmd pdrtdbgdr c qucaqudr dsglac ecs mdvd sdr crgcbc. ^lgà plmd dsglaodr dstd plmdr qucbtcs vdzds quksdr.
:
Dndktls md Vlufl md ^kmc Ocfkakmcmds qud gcusce rlufl md vkmc s÷ nubgklbce de grkcturcs gle scbjud. Vlufls md vkmc sdeprd rdstcurce cpdbcs edtcmd ml mcbl gcuscml c edbls qud c ocfkakmcmd mkjc l glbtrãrkl. Gcsl rlufl md vkmc sd`c cpakgcml de ocfkakmcmds qud gcusde mcbl de ãrdc, dstc s÷ krã rdgupdrcr 3/= ml mcbl gcuscml de gcmc grkcturc. Ocfkakmcmds gle dndktl md rlufl md vkmc sdrçl rdprdsdbtcmls pdal såeflal ‑ ―. Bçl gueuacvl gle dndktls eãjkgls. L eãxkel md vkmc qud plmd rlufcr gle dssc ocfkakmcmd bçl plmd uatrcpcsscr c vkmc eãxkec ml cavl.
• Cuedbtl md Ctrkfutl. Ctrkfutl. ^lgà ^lgà rdgdfd +6 de ue ctrkfutl c suc dsglaoc. ^lgà plmd dsglaodr dstd plmdr vãrkcs vdzds. C pcrr mc sdjubmc vdz qud dsglaoà-al pcrc l edsel ctrkfutl, l cuedbtl mkekbuk pcrc +3. • Jlapd Wcbjuåbdl. Sucbml ctcgc gle c crec vcepårkgc, plmd jcstcr ;X^ pcrc slecr l elm. Glbstukêçl bls mcbls md ctcqud d cuedbtcr l mcbl mc crec de ue pcssl. prë-rdquksktl0 Ctcqud Wcbjuåbdl. • Akjcêçl md Wcbjud. ^lgà ncz ue pcgtl md scbjud gle cbkeca elrtl, l cbkeca glel uec grkcturc pl elrtl-vkvl. ^lgà rdgdfdrdvkvd ue glepcbodkrl cbkeca.ml ^d`c l qucmrl bc pãjkbc >6. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Gcr 33 • ]rcbsnusçl. Sucbml gcusc mcbl md glrtd, plmd jcstcr >X^ pcrc kb`dtcr pcrtd ml sdu scbjud bl cavl. Wdu scbjud de lutrls glrpls ë t÷xkgl gcuscbml 3m36 plbtls md mcbl md ãgkml (Nlrtumd GM Glb rdmuz edtcmd). Bçl plmdrã uscr trcbsnusçl d dndktls md rlufl md vkmc bl edsel turbl. prë-rdquksktl0 Glb 37. • ]rcbsnusçl Dbnrcqudgdmlrc. Glel trcbsnusçl ecs de vdz mkssl gcusc uec glbmkêçl c suc dsglaoc0 Cfcacml, Db`lcml, ^uabdrãvda (Nlrmumd GM Glb cbuac). Tec grkcturc qud pcssd bl tdstd ffigc keubd c dstc ocfkakmcmd plr ue mkc. prë-rdquksktl0 =¸ båvda md Odelecbtd, ]rcbs]rcbsnusçl. • ]rcbsnu ]rcbsnusçl sçl Glbtcjklsc. Glel trcbsnusçl ecs de vdz mkssl gcusc uec mldbêc c suc dsglaoc (Nlrtumd GM Glb cbuac), l tdstd md nlrtumd pcrc rdsksr c dssc ocfkakmcmd, l cavl ckbmc mdvd nczdr ls tdstds md rdskstàbgkc bdgdssã rkls mc mldbêc sdjukbml cs rdjrcs. Tec grkcturc qud pcssd bl tdstd ffigc keubd c dstc ocfkakmcmd plr ue mkc. prë-rdquksktl0 34¸ båvda md Odelecbtd, ]rcbsnusçl. ]rcbsnusçl. • Odelncjkc Cprkelrcmc. Cuedbtc ls mcmls md Odelncjkc pcrc m>. prë-rdquksktl0 Odelncjkc. • Odelncjkc Wupdrklr. Eumc pcrc cêçl glepadtc d l bðedrl md cavls pcrc ctë sdu elm. Glbstukêçl. prë-rdprë-rdquksktl0 38¸ båvda md Odelecbtd, Odelncjkc CprkelrcCprkelrcmc.
• Odelrrcjkc. Sucbml cgdrtc ue ctcqud gle suc crec vcepårkgc gcuscbml mcbl md glrtd lu pdrnurcbtd, mdkxc l cavl scbjrcbml (Nlrtumd GM Glb cbuac). prë-rdquksktl0 Kbt 34, Ctcqud Wcbjuåbdl, ?¸ båvda md Odelecbtd. • Odrcbêc Cbsgdstrca. Wlf c auz mc auc, sucs ocfkakmcmds gle tdstds md rdskstàbgkc jcboce +6 GM. • Xlêc md Wcbjud. Xlmd jcstcr ;X^ d uec cêçl pcmrçl pcrc vkrcr uec plêc md scbjud bl goçl gle ãrdc md 3,4e md rckl (= qucmrcmls), pcrc ecbtdr c plêc mdvd glbbucr jcstcbml ;X^ plr turbl d uscbml cêçl pcmrçl. Dbqucbtl plêc bçl plmd ncacr, ctcgcr, acbêcr ecjkcs ecs jcboc +4 de nurvkmcmd, tde glfdrturc tltca d cpdbcs edtcmd ml sdu mdsalgcedbtl. ^latcr ^latcr cl blreca ë uec cêçl md elvkedbtl. Xlr turbl, qucaqudr grkcturc vkvc qud pksd bc plêc tlec 3m36 plbtls md mcbl md ãgkml. (Nlrtumd GM Glb rdmuz edtcmd). prë-rdquksktl0 Glb 37. • Vdbðbgkc. Wcgrkffigc sdus XE pcrc cuedbtcr sdus X^ c uec rczçl md =Xe pcrc 7Xv. Xlmd dsglaodr dssc ocfkakmcocfkakmcmd vãrkcs vdzds. Xrë-rdquksktl0 = XE. • Wdmd md Wcbjud. Xlmd uscr >X^ pcrc rdvdsr uec crec gle scbjud grkstcakzcml, trcbsnlrecbml-c de uec Crec ^cepårkgc. Cl ffie mc gdbc l scbjud vlatc cl dstcml akqukml d sck mc crec. • Wde Mdspdrmågkl. Sucbml usc dndktl md rlufl md vkmc qud uatrcpcssd c vkmc eãxkec, c vkmc dxgdmdb dxgdmdbtd td sd trcbsnlrec de X^ tdeplrãrkl pdac gdbc, akektcml pdal båvda + elm. Glbstukêçl. • Wde Mdspdrmågkl Cprkelrcml. Glel sde mdspdrmågkl ecs ls X^‛s tdeplrãrkls cmqukrkmls cpdbcs plr dssc ocfkakmcmd ffigce pdal mkc. • ^cepkrksel Eãjkgl. Dsglaoc 3 ecjkc qud gcusd mcbl. Wdeprd qud uscr dssc ecjkc plmd jcstcr 7Xv pcrc gcuscr dndktl md rlufl md vkmc. Xlmd pdjcr dstd plmdr vãrkcs vdzds. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Xrë-rdquksktl0 >¸ båvda md Odelecbtd, Kbt 37 • ^kvl-elrtl. Sucbml godjcr c 8 X^ lu edbls, plmd nczdr ue tdstd md Nlrtumd GM 68, gcsl pcssd pcs sd ecbtëe-sd cglrmcml ctë l ffie mc gdbc ecs bçl plmd uscr ocfkakmcocfkakmc mds qud mkekbuce sdu X^. Wd tdrekbcr c gdbc gle 8 X^ lu edbls gck mdseckcml. prë-rdquksktl0 Glb 37, 4¸ båvda md Odelecbtd. Odelncjkc. Odelncjkc. C pcrr ml båvda 7, gle uec cêçl pcmrçl, plmd sujcr vkmc md uec grkcturc de cagcbgd gurtl qud tdboc slnrkml mcbl md glrtd lu pdrnurcêçl. ^lgà gcusc 6m= + elm. Glb plbtls md mcbl (Nlrtumd GM Glb rdmuz è edtcmd). Tec grkcturc qud pcssd bl tdstd mucs vdzds lu plr 4 lu ecks ffigc keubd c dssc ocfkakmcmd plr 3 mkc. Vdk Mrãguac. Mrãguac. Båvda 68, vlgà mlekbc plr glepadtl cs crtds glbtrlad ml scbjud, ls dndktls md rlufl md gurc rdgupdrce tlml l mcbl gcuscml d ls gustls md X^ gle ocfkakmcmds d ecjkcs sçl rdmuzkmls pdac edtcmd.
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AÅMDV MD JTDVVC
]CFDAC 3 - L AÅMDV MD JTDVVC
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Ocfkakmcmd md Gacssd
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GCVCG]DVÅW]KGCW MD GACWWD
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Xlbtls md ^kmc. Te Aåmdr md Judrrc gledêc gle
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Xlmdr md Aåmdr md Judrrc
suc dsglaoc dbtrd Gcvcajcr (Mds), Glbodgkedbtl (Kbt), Nlrtumd (Glb), Kbkgkcvc (Mds), Kbekmcêçl (Gcr), Kbtukêçl (Wcf), Kbvdsjcêçl (Kbt), Autc (Nlr), Blfrdzc (Kbt), Lgkl (Kbt), Xdrgdpêçl (Wcf), Xlbtcrkc (Mds) d ^lbtcmd (Wcf).
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Bcpladçl, Xlmdr md Aåmdr md Judrrc
Xrlnkgkàbgkcs. Crecmurcs Xdscmcs d Dsgumls.
OCFKAKMCMDW MD GACWWD
Nlrecêçl. ^lgà dstumlu plskgklbcedbtl md judrrc d Nlrecêçl. cprdbmdu mkvdrscs nlrecêôds md glefctd dffigczds. Cakcmls qud dsvdrde cm`cgdbtds c vlgà de glefctd rdgdfde +3 de tdstds md ctcqud. ^lgà plmd jcstcr 6Xe pcrc cuedbtcr l fýbus de +3 pdac gdbc. L bðedrl md cavls cndtcmls ë akektcml pdal sdu elmkffigcmlr md KbtdakKbtdak jàbgkc. ]ãtkgl. Xlmd jcstcr 6Xe pcrc rdgdfdr sdu elmkffigcmlr md Kbtdakjàbgkc de ue tdstd md Judrrc. Xlmdr md Aåmdr md Judrrc. Bl 6° båvda, d c gcmc båvda sdjukbtd, vlgà dsglaod ue mls plmdrds c sdjukr sdjukr.. • Crsdbca. ^lgà sd tlrbc prlffigkdbtd de crecs ecrgkcks d rdgdfd +6 de tdstds md ctcqud gle dacs. • Cuedbtl md Ctrkfutl. Ctrkfutl. ^lgà rdgdfd +6 de ue ctrkfutl c suc dsglaoc. ^lgà plmd dsglaodr dstd plmdr vãrkcs vdzds. C pcrr mc sdjubmc vdz qud dsglaoà-al pcrc l
-rc de vdz md autc lu plbtcrkc pcrc ctcquds glbtrc dad. Bltd qud sd nlr trdkbcml cpdbcs de autc, bçl plmdrã uakzcr dssc ocfkakmcmd gle plbtcrkc d vkgd vdrsc. Xrë-rdXrë-rdquksktl0 ]rdkbcml ]rdkbcml de Autc lu Xlbtcrkc. • Cepcrcr Cepcrcr.. Sucbml vlgà lu ue cakcml cm`cgdbtd ë cavl md ue ctcqud glrpl c glrpl lu c mkstæbgkc, uec vdz plr turbl glel rdcêçl vlgà plmd jcstcr 3Xe pcrc cpcrcr l ctcqud. Vlad ue tdstd md ctcqud glbtrc l ml kbkekjl, pcrc gcmc +4 bl tdstd vlgà kjblrc 3m= ml mcbl gcuscml. cêçl • Fctcaoçl. Sucbml mkrdgklbcr vlgà plmd jcstcrmd elvkedbtl pcrc, cqudadscakcmls qud dsvdrde cm`cgdb cm`cgdbtds d quksdrde, sd elvkedbtcr >e bl sdu turbl pcrc c edsec mkrdêçl. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Dstrctdjkstc. Dstrctdjkstc. • Glecbmcbtd. Sucbml vlgà usc l plmdr dstrctdjkstc dstrctdjkstc plmd pcjcr 6Xe, l pr÷xkel ctcqud mls cakcmls mkrdgklbcmls tde l mcbl mc crec cuedbtcml de ue pcssl. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Dstrctdjks Dstrctdjkstc. tc. • Glefctd ]ãgl. ^lgà plmd slecr l elmkffigcmlr md Kbtdakjàbgkc bc Mdndsc qucbml usc crecmurc pdscmc. Wd ffizdr kssl, bçl plmd slecr l elmkffigcmlr md Mdstrdzc, edsel qud lutrcs ocfkakmcmds lu dndktls pdrektce kssl. Xrë-rdquksktl0 ? båvda md Aåmdr md Judrrc.
edsel ctrkfutl, l cuedbtl mkekbuk pcrc +3. • Cbãaksd md Judrrc. Judrrc. ^lgà scfd cbcakscr fde c sktucêçl dbqucbtl dstã autcbml. ^lgà plmd jcstcr uec cêçl md elvkedbtl d 7Xe pcrc cbcakscr ue kbkekjl de cagcbgd gurtl. Ctë l ffie mc gdbc, vlgà plmd uakzcr c pdrågkc Judr-
• Naæeuac md Glecbml. Wuc stæeuac tlrbc-sd gëadfrd, ue såeflal md kbspkrcêçl pcrc sdus cakcmls. Bl kbågkl md gcmc gdbc, vlgà d tlmls ls cakcmls qud plssce vdr sdu dstcbmcrtd rdgdfde ue bðedrl md X^ tdeplrãrkls kjuca
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cl sdu fýbus md Gcrksec (eåbkel 3). X^ tdeplrãrkls mdscpcrdgde bl ffibca mc gdbc. Xrë-rdquksktl0 ; båvda md Aåmdr md Judrrc. • Dstrctdjkstc. ^lgà plmd mkrdgklbcr cakcmls de cagcbc agcbgd gurtl. Jcstd uec cêçl pcmrçl d 3 XE plr cakcml qud quksdr mkrdgklbcr (akektcml pdal sdu elmkffigcmlr md GcrksGcrksec). Bl pr÷xkel turbl ml cakcml, dad jcboc >e bl mdsalmdsalgcedbtl. C pcrr ml >¸ båvda l fýbus eumc pcrc rdgdfd cêçl md elvkedbtl. Xrë-rdquksktls0 Kbt 37, trdkbcml de Judrrc • Cbãaksd md Judrrc. Judrrc. ^lgà scfd cbcakscr fde c sktucêçl dbqucbtl dstã autcbml. ^lgà plmd jcstcr uec cêçl md elvkedbtl d 7Xe pcrc cbcakscr ue kbkekjl de cagcbgd gurtl. Ctë l ffie mc gdbc, vlgà plmd uakzcr c pdrågkc Judrrc de vdz md autc lu plbtcrkc pcrc ctcquds glbtrc dad. Bltd qud sd nlr trdkbcml cpdbcs de autc, bçl plmdrã uakzcr dssc ocfkakmcmd gle plbtcrkc d vkgd vdrsc. Xrë-rdXrë-rdquksktl0 ]rdkbcml ]rdkbcml de Autc lu Xlbtcrkc. • Nlrecêçl c Mkstæbgkc. Cuedbtc l cagcbgd mc Nlrecêçl pcrc ctë >e. Xrë-rdquksktl0 4 båvda md Aåmdr md Judrrc. • Nlrecêçl de Wkbtlbkc. Xlmd jcstcr 6Xe pcrc l fýbus mc ocfkakmcmd md gacssd Nlrecêçl cuedbtcr de +3 pcrc gcmc mlks cakcmls bl cagcbgd sd fdbdffigkcbml ml fýbus pdac gdbc. Xrë-rdquksktl0 > båvda md Aåmdr md Judrrc. • Nlrecêçl Kepdbdtrãvda. Xlmd jcstcr 7Xe pcrc cakcmls de nlrecêçl d qud dstd`ce cm`cgdbtds jcbocrde ls fýbus bc mdndsc d tdstds md rdskstàbgkc ctë l kbågkl ml pr÷xkel turbl. • Jdbdrca. Sucbml vlgà usc l plmdr Dstrctdjkstc, ls cakcmls mkrdgklbcmls rdgdfde 3m= plbtls md ecbc tdeplrãrkls. Dssds XE murce ctë l ffie ml turbl ml cakcml d bçl plmde sdr s dr uscmls de dndktls qud glbgdmce XE. Xrë-rdquksktls0 Dstrctdjkstc, 36 båvda md Aåmdr md Judrrc. • Jlapd Dbsckcml. Sucbml ctcgc, plmd jcstcr 7Xe. Te cakcml c suc dsglaoc, qud dstd`c cm`cgdbtd c vlgà d c grkcturc ctcgcmc, plmd rdcakzcr ue ctcqud glrpl-c-glrpl bl edsel cavl glel rdcêçl. • Akmdrcr pdal Dxdepal. ^lgà plmd pcjcr 6 XE pcrc sdrvkr md kbspkrcêçl. Ctë l kbågkl md sdu pr÷xkel turbl, sdeprd qud vlgà pcsscr de ue tdstd md pdrågkc, cakcmls de cagcbgd gurtl qud ffizdrde ue tdstd mc edsec pdrågkc plmde uscr l rdsuatcml tltca ml sdu tdstd de vdz md rlacr l mcml. Xrë-rdquksktl0 > båvda md Aåmdr md Judrrc. • Laocr Ecrgkca. ^lgà ë gcpcz md cvcakcr ue lplbdbtd, mdsglfrkbml sdus plbtls nlrtds d nrcgls. Xcrc mdsglfrkr mdtcaods slfrd ue lplbdbtd, ncêc ue tdstd md Judrrc (GM 34 + BM ml lplbdbtd). De gcsl md sugdssl, vlgà mdsglfrd sdu vcalr md Mdndsc, fýbus md ctcqud lu qucbqucbmcmd md plbtls md vkmc ctuca. Blvls tdstds plmde rdvdacr cs kbnlrecêôds cmkgklbcks (ctë qud tlmcs cs tràs sd`ce glbodgkmcs).
• Xcacvrcs Cfficmcs. ^lgà plmd jcstcr uec cêçl pcmrçl d 3 XE pcrc sufedtdr c suc vlbtcmd uec grkcturc kbtdakjdbtd (Kbt 7 lu ecks) de cagcbgd gurtl. Ncêc ue tdstd md Mkpalecgkc lu Kbekmcêçl (c suc dsglaoc) lplstl cl tdstd md ^lbtcmd mc grkcturc. Wd vdbgdr, vlgà gcusc 6m> plbtls md mcbl edbtca bçl adtca è grkcturc. Wd pdrmdr, gcusc edtcmd mdstd mcbl. Xcrc gcmc XE dxtrc qud vlgà jcstcr qucbml cvcr l plmdr, l mcbl cuedbtc de +3m>. Gcsl c grkcturc sd`c rdmuzkmc c 8 lu edbls X^, rdbmd-sd (gcsl vlgà tdboc uscml Mkpalecgkc) lu ffigc cpcvlrcmc (gcsl tdboc uscml Kbekmcêçl), de vdz md gckr kbglbskbglbs gkdbtd. • Xlbtl Nrcgl. Sucbml vlgà usc l plmdr dstrctdjkstc plmd pcjcr 7Xe, l pr÷xkel ctcqud mls cakcmls mkrdgklbcmls slece sdu elmkffigcmlr md Kbtdakjàbgkc bl mcbl. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Dstrctdjks Dstrctdjkstc tc • Vdact÷rkl md Judrrc. Cl ffie md gcmc gdbc md glefctd, plmd nczdr ue rdact÷rkl gle kbnlrecêôds slfrd l kbkekkbkek jl. L rdact÷rkl s÷ tdrã dndktl gcsl l glefctd tdboc ml bl eåbkel 7 turbls. Sucaqudr grkcturc kbtdakjdbtd qud adkc l rdact÷rkl rdgdfd 3m> de uec pdrågkc qucaqudr glbtrc c grkcturc cbcakscmc. L fýbus s÷ plmd sdr uscml uec vdz. L rdact÷rkl tcefëe plmd sdr ndktl rdndràbtd c rcêc de vdz mc grkcturc, bdssd gcsl l glefctd mdvd tdr murcml bl eåbkel turbls. ffibca vlgà mdffibd c pdrågkc qud rdgdfdrã 3m= ?md fýbusClpdrecbdbtd, nubgklbcbml sdeprd qud dsvdrde glbtrc cajuec grkcturc mc rcêc ecs cpdbcs uec vdz plr grkcturc. • ^ktlrklsls. ^lgà d cakcmls, qud dsvdrce pdal edbls ue turbl de nlrecêçl, rdgupdrce X^ d XE kjuca cl sdu s du elmkffigcmlr md Gcrksec sdeprd qud scde vktlrklsls de glefctd. Dssd dndktl s÷ nubgklbc de glefctds gle BM kjuca lu ecklr qud c ml sdu jrupl. Xrë-rdquksktl0 38 båvda md Aåmdr md Judrrc. Xcsscbtd. C pcrr ml 7° båvda, sdeprd qud ue Ëjkmd Xcsscbtd. cakcml de nlrecêçl nlr cavl md ue ctcqud glrpl c glrpl, c mkstæbgkc lu uec ecjkc vlgà plmd, uec vdz plr turbl glel rdcêçl, jcstcr 3Xe pcrc tlecr sdu aujcr d sd tlrbcr cavl ml ctcqud, l cakcml ë depurrcml 3,4e de uec mkrdêçl c suc dsglaoc. L cakcml plmd tdbtcr rdsksr gle ue tdstd md Autc lplstl cl sdu. Cp÷s uscr dssc ocfkakmcocfkakmcmd vlgà pdrmd cêçl md elvkedbtl ml sdu pr÷xkel turbl. Vdnlrêls. Vdnlrêls. Båvda :, dsglaoc dbtrd rdgdfdr ue glbsdaodkrl md judrrc lu mlks pctruaodkrls. Gcsl dsglaoc l prkedkrl, dad sdrã ue cakcml C`umcbtd ^dtdrcbl ^dtdrcbl d ^kjkacbtd KbkgkcbKbkgkcbtd. Gcsl dsglaoc l dxër dxërgktl, gktl, rdgdfdrã mlks cakcmls kbkgkcbkbkgkcbtds mls pls0 glefctdbtd d jucrmkçl. Ls cakcmls lfdmdlfdmd gde ès sucs lrmdbs d sd crrksgc pcrc c`umã-al. Dbtrdtcbtl, Dbtrdtcbtl, sd nlr ecatrctcml, plmd pcrcr md sdjuk-al (md cglrml gle l edstrd). Wd pdrmdr sdu pcrgdkrl, vlgà rdgdfd lutrl bl kbågkl mc pr÷xkec cvdbturc. Bcpladçl. Bcpladçl. Bcpladçl. Båvda 68, tlmls sdus cakcmls sd tlrbce Edstrds. Caëe mkssl, vlgà d cakcmls de Nlrecêçl rdgdfde +38 bc Mdndsc d de tdstds md rdskstàbgkc.
38
XTJBC]LV
]CFDAC 3 - L XTJBC]LV
Båvda
GCVCG]DVÅW]KGCW MD GACWWD Xlbtls md ^kmc. Te Xujbctlr gledêc gle 3> plbtls md vkmc (+elm. glbstukêçl) d = (+elm. glbsglbstukêçl) plr båvda.
Xlbtls md Ecbc. = XE plr båvda. c sucXdrågkcs. ^lbtcmd (Wcf) d Autc (Nlr), ecks = dsglaoc dbtrd Cgrlfcgkc (Mds), Cmdstrcedbtl (Gcr), Ctadsel (Nlr), Dbjcbcêçl (Gcr), Nlrtumd (Glb), Nurvkmcmd (Mds), Kbkgkcvc (Mds), Kbekmcêçl (Gcr), Eksgksel (Kbt), Xdrgdpêçl (Wcf), Xlbtcrkc (Mds) d Vdstdxls (Mds).
Xrlnkgkàbgkcs. Bdbouec
OCFKAKMCMDW MD GACWWD
Frkjc. Wdus ctcquds mdscrecmls gcusce 3m> Frkjc. plbtls md mcbl d plmde gcuscr mcbl adtca lu bçl adtca (sde pdbcakmcmds). L mcbl bc tcfdac ë pcrc grkcturcs Xdqudbcs d Eëmkcs. Grkcturcs Ekbðsguacs mkekbude dssd mcbl de ue pcssl, Jrcbmds d Dblreds cuedbtce de ue pcssl d glalsscks cuedbtce de mlks pcssls. pcssls . Dbdrjkc Gcbcakzcmc. Xujbctlrs sçl ÷els autcmlrds, ecs sçl edaolrds ckbmc de gcbcakzcr suc dbdrjkc. Xlmd jcstcr 7Xe pcrc gcbcakzcr dbdrjkc de nlrec md dsndrc de sdus pubols murcbtd c gdbc d mdsndrkr l jlapds dbdrjkzcmls gcuscbml mcbls md dssàbgkc. C dbdrjkc gcbcakzcmc gledêc gle 3m> d cuedbtc md cglrml gle c tcfdac. Xlmdr md Xujbctlr. Bl 6° båvda, d c gcmc båvda sdjukbtd, vlgà dsglaod ue mls plmdrds c sdjukr. sdjukr. • Cuedbtl md md Ctrkfutl. Ctrkfutl. ^lgà ^lgà rdgdfd +6 de ue ctrkfutl c suc dsglaoc. ^lgà plmd dsglaodr dstd plmdr vãrkcs vdzds. C pcrr mc sdjubmc vdz qud dsglaoà-al pcrc l edsel ctrkfutl, l cuedbtl mkekbuk pcrc +3.
Ocfkakmcmd md Gacssd
3¸
Dbdrjkc Gcbcakzcmc (3m>)
6¸
Xlmdr md Xujbctlr
7¸
Xlmdr md Xujbctlr, Dspårktl Vdskstdbtd
=¸
Xlmdr md Xujbctlr
4¸
Dbdrjkc Gcbcakzcmc (3m?), Xlmdr md Xujbctlr
>¸
Xlmdr md Xujbctlr
:¸
Xlmdr md Xujbctlr, Dspårktl Vdskstdbtd (Wcf+3)
?¸
Xlmdr md Xujbctlr
;¸
Dbdrjkc Gcbcakzcmc (3m38), Xlmdr md Xujbctlr
38¸
Xlmdr md Xujbctlr
33¸
Xlmdr md Xujbctlr, Dspårktl Vdskstdbtd (Wcf+6)
36¸
Xlmdr md Xujbctlr
37¸
Dbdrjkc Gcbcakzcmc (6m>), Xlmdr md Xujbctlr
3=¸
Xlmdr md Xujbctlr
34¸
Xlmdr md Xujbctlr, Dspårktl Vdskstdbtd (Wcf+7)
3>¸
Xlmdr md Xujbctlr
3:¸
Dbdrjkc Gcbcakzcmc (6m?), Xlmdr md Xujbctlr
3?¸
Xlmdr md Xujbctlr
3;¸
Xlmdr md Xujbctlr, Dspårktl Vdskstdbtd (Wcf+=)
68¸
Dbdrjkc Wuprdec (6m38), Xlmdr md Xujbctlr
• Cuedbtcr Dbdrjkc. Dbdrjkc. Jcstc +3pe pcrc cuedbtcr l tcecbol mc dbdrjkc, cuedbtcr sdu cagcbgd pcrc ;e de akboc rdtc lu dxpalsçl >e. Xrë-rdquksktl0 >° bkvda md pujbctlr • Dbdrjkc Cakcmc. Gle uec cêçl md elvkedbtl, plmd mkrdgklbcr uec md sucs dsndrcs pcrc ue cakcml de cagcbcagcb gd gurtl. L cakcml plmd ctcgcr c dsndrc md dbdrjkc bl cr pcrc mkrdgklbcr uec dxpalsçl de akboc rdtc ctë >e, cp÷s kssl dac sled. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Dbdrjkc Wlatc, Dbdrjkc XdrnuXdrnurcbtd. • Dbdrjkc Dadedbtca. Sucbml ls pujbctlrs mlekbce c crtd mc dbdrjkc, glbsdjude ecbkpuacr sdu dadedbtl pcrc vcrkcbtds. Xlmd jcstcr =Xe pcrc eumcr tlmcs flacs pcrc ue pl c sdjukr. Nljl. C dbdrjkc ffigc de gocecs, gcuscbml mcbls Nljl. C md nljl. Cavl mdvd nczdr ue tdstd md Nlrtumd (GM Wcf), gcsl ncaod, ffigc bc glbmkêçl " De Gocecs", tlecbml 3m> md nljl plr turbl murcbtd c gdbc, plmd sdr cpcjcml gle cêçl pcmrçl. Nrkl. C dbdrjkc ffigc gle cspdgtls md ãjuc, vlgà Nrkl. C mdvd dsglaodr dbtrd mcbl pdrnurcbtd, elamcbml c dbdrjkc pdrnurcr, lu glrtcbtd, dbdrjkc pcrc uepcrc ffil md ãjuc glrtcbtd. Cavlselamcbml cbjkmlscplr dssd pl md dbdrjkc mdvde nczdr ue tdstd md Nlrtumd (GM Wcf) lu ffigce adbtls.
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Dsndrcs md Dbdrjkc Dsndrcs md dbdrjkc tde plbtls md vkmc kjucks c edtcmd ml sdu båvda md pujbctlr vdzds sdu elmkffigcmlr md scfdmlrkc. Gcsl ls X^‛s godjude c 8 dxpalmd gcuscbml l mcbl mc dbdrjkc gcbcakzcmc. Vdstdxls (GM Wcf) rdmuz edtcmd.
• Dxpalsçl md dbdrjkc. Sucbml dsvdr gle ls pubols dbdrjkzcmls, plmd jcstcr =pe d cêçl glepadtc, l pujbctlr fctd pcaecs gle dbdrjkc de cndtcbml ue glbd md 7e, qucaqudr grkcturc mdbtrl mc ãrdc mdvd nczdr ue tdstd md nlrumd(GM Wcf), sd ncaocr, caëe md tlecr mcbl md dbdrjkc, ffigc ctlrmlcml ctë sdu pr÷xkel turbl. Xrë-rdqukXrë-rdquksktl0 >¸ båvda md pujbctlr.
Dadtrkgkmcmd. Dadtrkgkmcmd. Xujbctlr qucbml usce dssc dbdrjkc, sd sdbtde ecks advds, pdrekbml-aods mcr jlapds gle ecks rãpkmls d nlrtds. Cavls cgdrtcmls mdvde
• Jlapd Keprumdbtd. Sucbml usc Jlapd Vdaæepcjl, vlgà plmd ctcgcr md nlrec kepuaskvc. Wd ffizdr kssl, vlgà cuedbtc sdu mcbl md dbdrjkc de ecks ue mcml ml edsel pl (plr dxdepal, sd l sdu mcbl ë 6m>, vlgà
nczdr ue tdstd md Nlrtumd (GM Wcf), gcsl ncaode ffigce pcrcakscmls bl sdu pr÷xkel turbl.
gcusc 7m>), ecs slnrd ‗4 de suc Mdndsc, ctë l kbågkl md sdu pr÷xkel turbl. prë-rdquksktl0 Jlapd rdaæepcjl
Ãgkml. C dbdrjkc ffigc lpcgc gle cspdgtl glrrlskÃgkml. C glrrlskvl, tlrbcbml l ctcqud pdscml. Xcrc gcmc flac cbjkmc, gcusc 3m> md mcbl cmkgklbca md ãgkml.
• Jlapd Vdaæepcjl. Sucbml usc c cêçl ctcgcr pcrc nczdr ue ctcqud mdscrecml, vlgà plmd jcstcr 3 XE pcrc rdcakzcr ue ctcqud mdscrecml cmkgklbca.
Xrë-rdquksktl0 38° bkvda md Xujbctlr.
• L Dspårktl qud tuml và. Gle dssd plmdr, plmdr, vlgà bçl ffigc mdsprdvdbkml d bde plmd sdr surprddbmkml. Jcstcbml 7Xe, vlgà plmd dbxdrj dbxdrjcr cr ctrcvës md sdu dspårktl, plmdbml vdr edsel gdjl lu qucaqudr glbmkêçl qud akektd c vksçl
• Dbdrjkc Kbkekjc. Gle uec cêçl md elvkedbtl, plmd mkrdgklbcr uec md sucs dsndrcs pcrc ue kbkekjl de cagcb cagcb-gd gurtl. Gcsl l cavl ctcqud c dsndrc, dstc dxpalmd gcuscbml l mcbl mc dbdrjkc gcbcakzcmc. Te tdstd md Vdstdxls (GM Wcf) rdmuz edtcmd. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Dbdrjkc Wlatc. • Dbdrjkc Wlatc. Wdeprd qud cgdrtc ue kbkekjl gle dbdrjkc gcbcakzcmc, plmd jcstcr 3Xe pcrc kbvlgcr lutrc dsndrc md dbdrjkc, c dsndrc ffigcrã stutucbml c suc vlatc. ^lgà plmd uscr uec cêçl pcmrçl pcrc ctcgcr ue kbkekjl gle c dsndrc de cagcbgd gurtl, c dsndrc gcuscrã l mcbl mc dbdrjkc gcbcakzcmc. Te tdstd md Vdstdxls (GM Wcf) rdmuz edtcmd. ^lgà plmd kbvlgcr ue bðedrl md dsndr dsndrcs cs kjucks cl sdu elmkffigcmlr md scfdmlrkc, akektcml pdal båvda. Cp÷s l ctcqud lu ffie mc gdbc, dacs slede. • Dbdrjkc lnusgcbtd. Sucbml rdcakzc ue ctcqud mdscrecml dbdrjkzcml, plmd jcstcr 3pe pcrc c dbdrjkc lnusgcr l lplbdbtd qucbml cgdrtcr. • Dbdrjkc pdrnurcbtd. Cl cgdrtcr ue ctcqud mdscrecml gle dbdrjkc gcbcakzcmc bcs eçls, plmd jcstcr +3pe pcrc c dbdrjkc pdrnurcr l cavl de uec akboc md ctë >e. • Dbdrjkc ^ktca. Sucbml Gcbcakzc dbdrjkc bcs eçls (lu bl cr), plmd jcstcr +3pe pcrc mkrdgklbcr l mcbl mc dbdrjkc de aujcrds vktcks ml cavl, slecbml sdu flbus md Elm.Wcf bl mcbl mc dbdrjkc.
• Xdrsdjukr. Wdus pubols gcekboce dbtrd dsndrcs.
Xlmd ctcgcr Xrë-rdquksktl0 ue kbkekjl deDbdrjkc cagcbgdKbkekjc. gurtl qud dstd`c gle uec dsndrc. • Xubols mc lplskêçl. Sucbml ctcgc ue kbkekjl, plmd jcstcr 3Xe pcrc uscr c ecblfrc depurrcr glel cêçl akvrd. Xrë-rdquksktl0 trdkbcml de Autc. • Vdfctdr. Sucbml ctcgc ue kbkekjl uakzcbml uec dsndrcc md dbdrjkc slatc, plmd jcstcr 7Xe pcrc dac rdfctdr dsndr cbjkbml tlmls ls cavls de cagcbgd gurtl. Xrë-rdquksktl0 4¸ båvda md pujbctlr pujbctlr,, Dbdrjkc slatc. • ]rlgcêçl. Sucbml vlgà gledêc c fctdr, bçl pcrc ecks. Cl cgdrtcr ue ctcqud mdscrecml, plmd nczdr lutrl ctcqud mdscrecml glbtrc l edsel cavl, pcjcbml uec qucbmcmd md XE kjuca è qucbmcmd md ctcquds `ã rdcakzcmls bl turbl. Lu sd`c, plmd nczdr l prkedkrl ctcqud dxtrc jcstcbml 3 XE, ue sdjubml ctcqud dxtrc jcstcbml ecks 6 XE d csske plr mkcbtd, ctë drrcr ue ctcqud lu bçl tdr ecks plbtls md ecbc. Xrë-rdquksktl0 >° båvda md pujbctlr.
• Dspkrktl Wcrcml. ^lgà slec sdu fýbus md Wcfdmlrkc bl sdu tltca md plbtls md vkmc d de tdstds md Nlrtumd. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Wcf 3:.
• ]rlgcêçl ]ueuatulsc. Sucbml usc c cêçl ctcgcr pcrc nczdr ue ctcqud mdscrecml, vlgà plmd jcstcr 6 XE pcrc cbjkr tlmcs cs grkcturcs cm`cgdbtds ” kbgaukbml cakcmls! ^lgà mdvd uscr dstd plmdr cbtds md rlacr l ctcqud d glepcrc l rdsuatcml md sdu tdstd glbtrc c Mdndsc md gcmc grkcturc. Xrë-rdquksktls0 ]rlgcêçl, ?° båvda md pujbctlr.
• Dspårktl ]rkbgcml. Dsguapkml è dxcustçl, suc caec sd tlrblu uec eãqukbc. ^lgà slec sdu elmkffigcmlr md Wcfdmlrkc de ecblfrcs md ctcqud. Xrë-rdquksktls0 Wcf 3:, Wcrcml, 38° båvda md Xujbctlr. Xujbctlr.
• ]lmls plr ue. Xujbctlr dsglaod ue cavl, l quca vck glbgdbtrcr tlmc suc dbdrjkc, dsglaodbml dsndrcs slatcs pcrc nlgcrde bl dsglaokml. Tscbml +=pe d cêçl glepadglepadtc, tlmcs cs dsndrcs dsglaokmcs cbjde skeuatcbdcedbtd l cavl. 36° bkvda md pujbctlr, pujbctlr, Dbdrjkc Wlatc.
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Dspårktl Vdskstdbtd. Bl 7° båvda, vlgà slec sdu fýbus md Wcfdmlrkc bc Mdndsc, akektcml pdal sdu båvda d cpdbcs sd bçl dsvdr uscbml crecmurc pdscmc. Caëe mkssl, bl :° båvda, d c gcmc quctrl båvdks, vlgà rdgdfd +3 bc Mdndsc. Jlapd Dspkrktuca. Bl 4° båvda, vlgà Jlapdkc gle suc caec. ^lgà cmkgklbc elm. Wcf de suc `ljcmc md ctcqud jcstcbml 3Xe. Dspårktl Cjrdsskvl. Bl ;° båvda, vlgà fctd gle euktc nlrêc. ^lgà cmkgklbc Elm.Wcf de sdu mcbl jcstcbml 3Xe. Dbdrjkc Wuprdec. Wuprdec. Bl 68° båvda, sdu mcbl md dbdrjkc cuedbtc pcrc 6m38. Caëe mkssl, qucbml usc c cêçl ctcgcr pcrc nczdr ue ctcqud mdscrecml, plmd gcbcakzcr c dbdrjkc de uec nlrec dspdgtrca lu edaolr mkzdbml, mdspdrtcbml sdu "Wtcbm", pdrekbml mcr 6 jlapds md dbdrjkc pcrc gcmc ctcqud mdscrecml.
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WCETVCK
]CFDAC 3 - L WCETVCK
Båvda
Ocfkakmcmd md Gacssd
3¸
Crec Cbgdstrca, Gaç md Wceurcks
6¸
Jrktl md Ikck +6, Xlmdr md Wceurck
7¸
Laocr Cssustcmlr, Xlmdr md Wceurck
=¸
Xlmdr md Wceurck
4¸
Xlmdr md Wceurck
>¸
Xlmdr md Wceurck
:¸
Jrktl md Ikck +=, Xlmdr md Wceurck
?¸
Xlmdr md Wceurck
;¸
Xlmdr md Wceurck
38¸
Xlmdr md Wceurck
33¸
Xlmdr md Wceurck
36¸
Jrktl md Ikck +>, Xlmdr md Wceurck
37¸
Xlmdr md Wceurck
3=¸
Xlmdr md Wceurck
Xlbtls md ^kmc. Te sceurck gledêc gle 68
34¸
Xlmdr md Wceurck
plbtls md vkmc (+elm. glbstukêçl) d 4 X^ (+elm. Glb) plr båvda.
3>¸
Xlmdr md Wceurck
3:¸
Jrktl md Ikck +?, Xlmdr md Wceurck
Xlbtls md Ecbc. 7 XE plr båvda. Xdrågkcs. Autc (Nlr) lu Xlbtcrkc (Mds) d ^lbtcmd (Wcf)
3?¸
Xlmdr md Wceurck
3;¸
Xlmdr md Wceurck
ecks 6 c suc dsglaoc dbtrd Cmdstrcedbtl (Gcr), Ctadsel (Nlr), Gcvcajcr (Mds), Gurc (Wcf), Mkpalecgkc (Gcr), Nlrtumd (Glb), Judrrc (Kbt), Kbkgkcvc (Mds), Kbtukêçl (Wcf), Blfrdzc (Kbt), Xdrgdpêçl (Wcf) d Vdakjkçl (Wcf).
68¸
Csgdbsçl ml Glrpl d Edbtd, Xlmdr md Wceurck
GCVCG]DVÅW]KGCW MD GACWWD
Xrlnkgkàbgkcs. Crecs Ecrgkcks, Crec dx÷gc (ictcbc d wcikzcsok), crecmurcs pdscmcs d dsgumls.
OCFKAKMCMDW MD GACWWD
Crec Cbgdstrca. Cbgdstrca. ^lgà dsglaod dbtrd rdgdfdr ue crgl d wcikzcsok lu ue glb`ubtl mcksol (ictcbc d wcikzcsok*). C crec lu glb`ubtl dsglaokml ë glbskmdrcml ktde supdrklr d rdgdfd uec elmkffigcêçl è suc dsglaoc. C gcmc quctrl båvdks elmkffigc êçl. uec mcs crecs dsglaokmcs rdgdfd lutrc elmkffigcBcs eçls md qucaqudr lutrc pdsslc, cs crecs sd gleplrtce glel ktdbs gleubs. Wd qucaqudr uec mcs crecs nlr pdrmkmc lu mdstruåmc, vlgà slnrd pdbcakmcmd md -3 de tlmcs cs `ljcmcs d tdstds ctë rdgupdrã-acs lu gleprcr lutrcs. *Zcikzc *Zcikzcsok. sok. ]$:4, 3m>, 3;, 3ij, Glrtd, Ãjka. Gaçs md Wceurcks. Xlr vãrkcs jdrcêôds ls sceurcks prlspdrcrce prlspdrcr ce de gaçs, gcmc quca mdsdbvlavdbml ocfkakmcocfkakmcmds pr÷prkcs pcrc slfrdvkvdr. Dsglaoc uec mcs lpêôds c sdjukr.. Tec vdz ndktc, dssc dsglaoc bçl plmd sdr eumcmc. sdjukr • Gaç ml Mdsdrtl. Mdsdrtl. Cmqukrd rdskstàbgkc rdskstàbgkc c nljl > d c ocfkakocfkakmcmd Wla Dsgcamcbtd0 Xlmd Dsgcamcbtd0 Xlmd jcstcr 3Xe pcrc mdkxcr crecs cbgdstrcks c suc dsglaoc de gocecs pdac gdbc rdgdfdbml +3m> bl mcbl.
• Gaç mc Elbtcboc. Elbtcboc. Cmqukrd +6 de tdstds md ctadsel pcrc dsgcacr d c ocfkakmcmd Vlgoc Wlakmc0 Xlmd jcstcr 3Xe pcrc rdgdfdr rdmuêçl md mcbl 6 pdac gdbc. • Gaç mls Vkls. Vkls. Cmqukrd +6 de tdstds tdstds md ctadsel pcrc bcmcr d c ocfkakmcmd Xurkffigcêçl0 Xlmd jcstcr 3Xe pcrc vlgà rdgupdrcr 6m= X^. Xcrc gcmc 6Xe dxtrcs, rdstcurc +3m=. • Gaç mc Buvde. Cmqukrd c ocfkakmcmd ocfkakmcmd ^dbtl Cfficml0 Xlmd jcstcr 3Xe pcrc rdgdfdr +6 bc ecrjde md cedcêc pdac gdbc. • Gaç mcs Caecs. Caecs. Cmqukrd c ocfkakmcmd Glrtd Dspkrktuca0 Xlmd jcstcr 3Xe d uscr uec cêçl pcmrçl pcrc akfdrcr uec lbmc md dbdrjkc de uec ãrdc md glbd ctë =,4e lu akboc rdtc ctë >e. Grkcturcs bc ãrdc ã rdc slnrde 6m> plbtls md mcbl md dssàbgkc. Te tdstd md Vdstdxls ( GM Wcf) rdmuz edtcmd. Jrktl md Ikck. C pcrr ml båvda 6, sdeprd qud ctcgc plmd jcstcr 3 XE pcrc rdgdfdr +6 bls tdstds md ctcqud d mcbl. C gcmc gkbgl båvdks plmd jcstcr +3Xe pcrc +6 bls fýbus. Laocr Cssustcmlr. C pcrr ml båvda 7, vlgà plmd jcstcr 3Xe pcrc cssustcr uec grkcturc de cagcbgd gurtl. ^d`c c pdrågkc Kbekmcêçl pcrc cs rdjrcs md cssustcr. Wd ncaocr, c grkcturc ffigc keubd c dstc ocfkakmcmd plr ue mkc.
3=
Xlmdr md Wceurck. Bl 6° båvda, d c gcmc båvda sdjukbtd, vlgà dsglaod ue mls plmdrds c sdjukr.
• Dsal Elbtcml. ^lgà rdgdfd +6 de gcvcajcr d `ljcmcs md ctcqud elbtcml. Xrë-rdquksktl0 ]rdkbcml de gcvcajcr.
• Cefkmdstrkc. Wd dsvdr uscbml mucs crecs (d pdal edbls uec mdacs nlr advd) d ffizdr c cêçl ctcgcr, vlgà plmd nczdr mlks ctcquds, ue gle gcmc crec. Wd ffizdr kssl, slnrd ‗6 de tlmls tlmls ls tdstds tdstds md ctcqud ctë ctë l sdu pr÷xkel pr÷xkel turbl. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Mds 34.
• Nauxl ml Vkl. ^lgà rdgdfd ue fýbus md += de tdstds md rdskstàbgkc d mdndsc sdeprd qud uscr uec cêçl md elvkedbtl pcrc sd mdsalgcr de glefctd. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Gaç ml rkl båvda 4.
• Crmlr ml Wla. Sucbml cgdrtc ue ctcqud d gcusc mcbl md nljl, mdkxc l cavl de gocecs. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Gaç ml mdsdrtl båvda 4. • Crecmurc de Frcsc. Wd dsvdr uscbml crecmurc pdscmc, qucbml usc Wla Dsgcamcbtd, suc crecmurc tcefëe ffigc de gocecs pdac gdbc. Wd l usuãrkl cjcrrcr lu nlr cjcrrcml plr uec grkcturc, gcusc 3m> mcbl md nljl. Te pdrslbcjde mkrdtcedbtd dxplstl c gocecs mdvd nczdr ue tdstd md Vdstdxls (GM 34). Wd ncaocr, ffigc de gocecs, slnrdbml 3m> plbtls md mcbl md nljl bl kbågkl md sdus turbls. Ls mcbls md nljl d de gocecs bçl sçl gueuacvls pcrc ue eãxkel md 3m>. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Gaç ml mdsdrtl båvda 7. • Crecmurc Kbtukvc. Kbtukvc. Sucbml dsvdr uscbml crecmucrecmurc pdscmc, plmd slecr sdu elm. md scfdmlrkc. Xrë-rdquksktls0 Wcf 34, Gaç mc elbtcboc båvda 36. • Crqudkrl. Wd dsvdr uscbml uec crec md ctcqud è mkstæbgkc, vlgà slec sdu fýbus md Wcfdmlrkc de rlacjdbs md mcbl (akektcml pdal sdu båvda). Xrë-rdquksktl0 Xrë-rdquksktl0 Wcf 37. • Ctcqud Wlakml. Wlakml. Sucbml cgdrtc ue ctcqud glrpl c glrpl plmd jcstcr 3Xe pcrc slecr elm. Wcf bl mcbl. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Wcf 36. • Cuedbtl md Ctrkfutl. Ctrkfutl. ^lgà ^lgà rdgdfd +6 de ue ctrkfutl c suc dsglaoc. ^lgà plmd dsglaodr dstd plmdr vãrkcs vdzds. C pcrr mc sdjubmc vdz qud dsglaoà-al pcrc l edsel ctrkfutl, l cuedbtl mkekbuk pcrc +3. • Fctdr d Glrrdr. Sucbml ncz uec kbvdsmc, vlgà plmd glbbucr sd elvdbml cp÷s l ctcqud, ctë l akektd md sdu mdsalgcedbtl. Wd jcstcr 6XE, plmd nczdr uec kbvdsmc slfrd tdrrdbl mkgka d sde slnrdr c pdbcakmcmd md Mdndsc. • Falqudkl cefkmdstrl. Sucbml cefkmdstrl. Sucbml dsvdr uscbml mucs crecs lu uec crec mupac, vlgà rdgdfd +6 bc mdndsc. • Mdstrukmlr. Sucbml gcusc mcbl gle uec crec glrpl c glrpl md mucs eçls, vlgà plmd rlacr blvcedbtd qucaqudr rdsuatcml 3 lu 6 mcs rlacjdbs md mcbl mc crec. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Nlr 37. • Mkspcrl ^dalz. Wd dsvdr uscbml uec crec md ctcqud è mkstæbgkc d jcstcr uec cêçl glepadtc pcrc ctcgcr, vlgà plmd nczdr ue ctcqud cmkgklbca gle dac (sd pumdr rdgcrrdgcrrdjã-ac glel cêçl akvrd). Wd ffizdr kssl, slnrd ‗6 de tlmls ls tdstds md ctcqud ctë l sdu pr÷xkel turbl. Wd plssukr Mkspcrl Vãpkml bçl slnrd dssc pdbcakmcmd. Xrë-rdquksktls0 Xrë-rdquksktls0 Mds 37, Dsal md Mkspcrl, Gaç mc buvde.
• Kck`utsu. C crtd md mdsdefckbocr c dspcmc. De sdu turbl, qucbml scgc uec crec glrpl c glrpl d ctcgc aljl de sdjukmc, plmd rdcakzcr ue ctcqud dxtrc. L ctcqud dxtrc slec l elmkffigcmlr md Mdstrdz Mdstrdzcc de vdz md Nlrêc bl mcbl. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Mds 34. • Kbvdsmc sceurck. Sucbml usc Kbvdsmc plmd jcstcr 7Xe pcrc jcbocr +3m? bl mcbl pcrc gcmc 7e pdrglrrkmls murcbtd c kbvdsmc ctë l cgdrtl ml ctcqud. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Wceurck Båvda =. • Vdmdbêçl mcs caecs. Wdeprd qud uec grkcturc de cagcbgd gurtl elrrd, pcrtd mc caec vck pcrc vlgà. L sceurck mcs caecs plmd dsglaodr dbtrd scavcr lu pubkr, sd dsglaodr c prkedkrc lpêçl sdu glrtd dspkrktuca pcssc c akfdrcr dbdrjkc plskvc gurcbml grkcturcs vkvcs d gcuscbgcuscbml mcbl de grkcturcs elrtcs c suc dsglaoc bc ãrdc, sd dsglaodr c sdjubmc lpêçl pcssc c akfdrcr dbdrjkc bdjcvc gurcbml elrtls-vkvls d gcuscbml mcbl de grkcturcs vkvcs c suc dsglaoc bc ãrdc. C gcmc 68 caecs gladtcmcs jcboc ue fýbus md +3 de mcbls md ctcqud d glrtd dspkrktuca (eãxkel 388). Xrë-rdquksktl0 Gaç mcs caecs. • Vdskstàbgkc mc Elbtcboc. Sucbml advc mcbl plmd jcstcr 6XE pcrc rdgdfdr sdu elm. Nlr glel rdmuêçl md mcbl ctë l kbågkl md sdu pr÷xkel turbl. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Gaç mc elbtcboc. • Vdspkbjls bl Acjl. L sceurck mls Vkls bçl sd cfcac gle cs stdgocs md sdus kbkekjls. Wd vlgà dsvdr uscbml mucs crecs, plmd tdbtcr dvktcr ue ctcqud skgl è mkstæb gkc glel rdcêçl jcstcbml 3XE. Ncêc uec `ljcmc md ctcqud glbtrc l rdsuatcml ml ctcqud è mkstæbgkc qud mdsd`c dvktcrc, gle dvktcr, l elmkffigcmlr plr uscr mucs crecs. Wd vlgà vdbgdr mksputc, cpcrc l prl`ëa lu crec, dvktcbml l ctcqud. Xrë-rdquksktls0 Dsal md mucs crecs lu CefkCefk mdstrkc, Gaç mls rkls. • Vdvktcakzcmlr. Sucbml gcusc mcbl plmd jcstcr 3XE pcrc vlgà rdstcurcr X^ kjuca = + fýbus md caecs gladtcmcs. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Vdmdbêçl mcs caecs, Gaç mcs caecs båvda 4. • ^dbtl Glrtcbtd. Wdeprd qud ctcgc gle crgl d stdgoc, plmd jcstcr 3Xe pcrc jcbocr +6 bl tdstd md ctcqud d bc ecrjde md cedcêc pcrc pcrc dssd ctcqud. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Xrë-rdquksktl0 Gaç mc buvde båvda 4. Csgdbsçl ml glrpl d edbtd. Båvda 68 suc edbtd d glrpl godjce cl ãpkgd md sdu cprkelrcedbtl, vlgà plmd jcstcr 4Xe pcrc rdgdfdr +38 de tdstds md rdskstàbgkc d Mdndsc pdac gdbc.
34
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]CFDAC 3 - L _CEÇ
Båvda
GCVCG]DVÅW]KGCW MD GACWWD Xlbtls md ^kmc. Te _ceç gledêc gle 3> plbtls md vkmc (+elm. glbstukêçl) d += (+elm. glbstukêçl) plr båvda.
Xlbtls md Ecbc. = XE plr båvda. Xdrgdpêçl çl (Wcf) d ^lbt ^lbtcmd cmd (Wcf), ecks = c suc Xdrågkcs. Xdrgdpê dsglaoc dbtrd Cmdstrcedbtl (Gcr), Glbodgkedbtl (Kbt), Gurc (Wcf), Nlrtumd (Glb), Kbkgkcvc (Mds), Kbtukêçl (Wcf), Autc (Nlr), Eksgksel (Kbt), Lgkl (Kbt), Vdakjkçl (Wcf) d Wlfrdvkvàbgkc (Wcf).
Xrlnkgkàbgkcs. Bdbouec
OCFKAKMCMDW MD GACWWD Kbtuktkvl. Sucbml ncz ue tdstd md pdrågkc, vlgà Kbtuktkvl. Sucbml plmd jcstcr 6 XE pcrc rdgdfdr ue fýbus kjuca cl sdu elmkffigcmlr md Wcfdmlrkc bl tdstd. ^lgà bçl plmd uscr dstc ocfkakmcmd de tdstds md ctcqud. Wled sdu elmkffigcmlr md Wcfdmlrkc cl tltca md plbtls md ecbc. ]ltde Dadedbt Dadedbtca. ca. ^lgà ecbkndstc ls dadedbtls mc bcturdzc ctrcvës md tltdbs xceæbkgls. Eå stkgl.
Xlmdr md _ceç. Bl 6° båvda, d c gcmc båvda sdjukbtd, vlgà dsglaod ue mls plmdrds c sdjukr. • Cbkeca md Xlmdr Xlmdr.. ^lgà rdgdfd ue glepcbodkrl cbkeca ml eubml dspkrktuca. Dad sdrvd glel ue cakcml kbkgkcbtd c suc dsglaoc dbtrd C`umcbtd, Glefctdbtd, Nlrtçl, Jucrmkçl, Eëmkgl lu Xdrsdjukmlr. Dad bçl kbtdrcjd gle l eubml skgl, cpdbcs vlgà d lutrls xceçs dbxdrjce sdu cbkeca md plmdr d plmde sd fdbdffigkcr mdad. Bls båvdks : d 34 dad eumc pcrc vdtdrcbl d edstrd rdspdgvcedbtd.. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Gcr 37 rdspdgvcedbtd 37
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• Cspdgtls mcs Ndrcs Dadedbtcks. Wdeprd qud usc l plmdr Ndrc Dspkrktuca, plmd dsglaodr ue mls dadedbtls mksplbåvdks d rdgdfdr sdus fdbdgkls. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Ndrc Dadedbtca, ? båvda md _ceç. • Cuedbtl md Ctrkfutl. Ctrkfutl. ^lgà ^lgà rdgdfd +6 de ue ctrkfutl c suc dsglaoc. ^lgà plmd dsglaodr dstd plmdr vãrkcs vdzds. C pcrr mc sdjubmc vdz qud dsglaoà-al pcrc l edsel ctrkfutl, l cuedbtl mkekbuk pcrc +3. • Fdbêçl mc Bcturdzc. ^lgà cprdbmd d plmd acbêcr uec ecjkc mkvkbc md 3° gårgual c suc dsglaoc. Wdu ctrkfutlctrkfutl-gocvd pcrc dstc ecjkc ë Wcfdmlrkc. ^lgà plmd dsglaodr dstd plmdr qucbtcs vdzds quksdr. • Dspårktl ml Kbvdrbl. ^lgà rdgdfd rdskstàbgkc rdskstàbgkc c nrkl 4 d sdus tltdbs qud gcusce mcbl md nrkl rdgdfde +3 mcml md mcbl ml edsel pl. Murcbtd l kbvdrbl, sucs ocfkakmcmds d ecjkcs md _ceç gustce ∖3 XE. • Dspårktl ml Lutlbl. ^ lgà lgà plmd jcstcr 3Xe pcrc eumcr l dadedbtca md ue tltde pcrc trdvcs. Ls rckls gcusce dbdrjkc bdjcvc d dad rdgdfd c sdjukbtd ocfkakmcmd0 ^lgà plmd jcstcr 3 XE pcrc keplr uec pdbcakmcmd md ‗6 bls tdstds md rdskstàbgkc md tlmls ls kbkekjls de cagcbgd gurtl ctë l kbågkl ml sdu pr÷xkel turbl. Murcbtd l lutlbl, sucs ocfkakmcmds d ecjkcs md _ceç gustce ∖3 XE.
3>
• Dspårktl mc Xrkecvdrc. ^lgà rdgdfd +6 de tdstd md Gurc. Wdus tltdbs gle ocfkakmcmd md gurc slece sdu elmkffigcmlr md scfdmlrkc. Murcbtd c prkecvdrc, sucs ocfkakmcmds d ecjkcs md _ceç gustce ∖3 XE. • Dspårktl ml ^drçl. ^lgà rdgdfd +6 de Kbkgkcvc d sdus tltdbs qud gcusce mcbl md nljl rdgdfde +3 mcml md mcbl ml edsel pl. Murcbtd l vdrçl, sucs ocfkakmcmds d ecjkcs md _ceç gustce ∖3 XE. • Ndrc Dspkrktuca. ^lgà rdgdfd de sdu glrpl ls cspdgtls md uec ndrc prkelrmkca, plmdbml uakzcr cajubs md sucs ocfkakmcmds. Xlmd pdjcr dssd plmdr ecks vdzds pcrc lutrcs ndrcs. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Wcf 34. • Nlrêc mc Bcturdzc. Sucbml acbêc uec ecjkc, plmd jcstcr += XE pcrc ecxkekzcr ls dndktls bueërkgls vcrkãvcrkãvdks mdac. Xlr dxdepal, uec ecjkc Gurcr Ndrkedbtls cprkelrcmc pcrc gurcr 4m?+4 X^ krã gurcr cutlecgccutlecgc edbtd =4 X^, sde c bdgdsskmcmd md rlacr mcmls. Tec ecjkc sde dndktls vcrkãvdks bçl plmd sdr cndtcmc plr dstd plmdr. Xrë-rdquksktl0 Fdbêçl mc Bcturdzc. • Kbtukêçl Mkvkbc. Wd bçl dsvdr uscbml crecmurc pdscmc, plmd slecr sdu elmkffigcmlr md scfdmlrkc bc mdndsc. Xrë-rdquksktl0 ]rdkbcml ]rdkbcml de Kbtukêçl. • Krc mc Bcturdzc. Sucbml ffizdr ue ctcqud mdscrecml dbqucbtl dsvdr gle cajuec Ndrc Dspkrktuca, plmd jcstcr 6Xe pcrc slecr sdu elmkffigcmlr md Wcfdmlrkc bl mcbl. • ]ltde Cprkelrcml. Ls rckls md tltde pcssce c gcuscr 3m? plbtls md mcbl. Caëe mkssl plmd kbvlgcr cs vdrsôds cprkelrcmcs mls tltdbs. Xrë-rdquksktl0 ]ltde Dadedbtca, > båvda md _ceç. • ]ltde Vdskstdbtd. Wdus tltdbs rdgdfde rdmuêçl md mcbl kjuca sdu elmkffigcmlr md Wcfdmlrkc. ]lrrds bçl slece VM. Xrë-rdquksktl0 ]ltde Dadedbtca, ? båvda md _ceç. • ]ltde md Fctcaoc. Xlmd slecr sdu elmkffigcmlr md Wcfdmlrkc bls mcbls md rckl mls tltdbs. • ]ltde Wupdrklr. Ls rckls md tltde pcssce c gcuscr 3m38 plbtls md mcbl. Caëe mkssl plmd kbvlgcr cs vdrsôds supdrklrds mls tltdbs. Xrë-rdquksktl0 ]ltde Cprkelrcml, 36 båvda md _ceç. • ]lrrd ]ltde. ^lgà plmd kbvlgcr tltdbs ue de gkec ml lutrl ctë ue akektd md mlks tltdbs. Cl nczdr kssl ls mlks tltdbs sd ubde nlrecbml uec tlrrd, vlgà plmd jcstcr uec cêçl pcmrçl pcrc cvcr uec ocfkakmcmd md gcmc tltde. Caëe mkssl, l tltde glbtc glel ue s÷, sled ls plbtls md vkmc md gcmc pcrc ue tltca, sd ls pv's godjcgodjcrde c 8, c tlrrd kbtdkrc ë mdstrukmc. Xrë-rdquksktl0 4 båvda md _ceç. • ]lrrd ]ltde Ecklr. Xlmd kbvlgcr ctë quctrl tltdbs depkaocmls. Xrë-rdquksktl0 ]lrrd ]ltde, 37 båvda md _ceç.
• ]lrrd ]ltde Glepadtc. Xlmd kbvlgcr ctë gkbgl tltdbs depkaocmls. Xrë-rdquksktl0 ]lrrd ]ltde Ecklr, 3: båvda md _ceç. Vktuca _ceæbkgl _ceæbkgl.. C pcrr ml båvda 7, vlgà glbsdjud rdcakzcr rktucks qud purkffigce c caec. L rktuca murc uec olrc, cqudads qud dsvdrde prdsdbtds murcbtd tlml l tdepl rdgupdrce l mlfrl md ecbc bl pr÷xkel mdsgcbsl. Dssc ocfkakmcmd cndtc ue bðedrl md grkcturcs kjucks c 3 + elmkffigcmlr md Wcfdmlrkc.
Cbmcrkaol Dspkrktuca. Dspkrktuca. C pcrr ml båvda 4, vlgà glbsdjud
vksktcr l pacbl dtërdl. Gle uec cêçl glepadtc d 7Xe, ecbkndstc suc caec bc nlrec md ue cbkeca dspdgtrca. Dbqucbtl dsvdr bl eubml dspkrktuca sdu glrpl ffigc kbglbsgkdbtd d vlgà bçl plmd uscr plmdrds lu ocfkakmcocfkakmc mds md rcêc d gacssd ecs glbsdjud dbtdbmdr ls cbkecks. Caëe mkssl vlgà plmd sd gleubkgcr gle dspårktls qud dstd`ce bl algca. L cbkeca dspdgtrca ë uec grkcturc kbglrp÷rdc, tde 36e md mdsalgcedbtl d mucs crecs bcturcks gcuscbml 3m> md mcbl md dssàbgkc gcmc. Xlmd ctcgcr gle cefcs slnrdbml pdbcakmcmd md -6 bls tdstds md ctcqud. Cl sdr cbjkml plr ue ctcqud, qud plssc td cbjkr, vlgà bçl pdrmd plbtls md vkmc ecscbkeca suc nlrec dspdgtrca cutlecgcedbtd. Dbqucbtl dspdgtrca bçl sled mdvd uatrcpcsscr cagcbgd eëmkl de rdacêçl cl sdu glrpl lu suekrã. ^lgà plmd vlatcr glel cêçl akvrd. Cvctcr. Båvda 68, Vdgdfd rdskstàbgkc 34 c nljl, nrkl, Cvctcr. dadtrkgkmcmd d ãgkml. Caëe mkssl jcstcr 4Xe pcrc vkc`cr cl pacbl cstrca. Wdu glrpl ffigc kbglrp÷rdl d vlgà plmd uakzcr ocfkakmcmds md gacssd blrecaedbtd.
]L]DE DADEDB]CA ^lgà plmd uscr suc cêçl md elvkedbtl d 3Xe pcrc kbvlgcr ue tltde md ue mls quctrl dadedbtls mc bcturdzcc de qucaqudr dspcêl akvrd c cagcbgd gurtl. bcturdz W÷ plmd tdr ue tltde kbvlgcml cl edsel tdepl plr gdbc d uec vdz kbvlgcml bçl plmd sdr elvkedbtcml. L tltde ë keubd c ecjkcs ecs qucaqudr ctcqud skgl glbtrc l tltde ë cgdrtl cutleãgl, dad tde ue tltca md plbtls md vkmc kjucks cl sdu elmkffigcmlr md scfdmlrkc vdzds edtcmd ml båvda md xceç (eåbkel 3). Bls båvdks 4, ;, 37 d 3: plmd kbvlgcr ctë 6, 7, = d 4 tltdbs cl edsel tdepl plr gdbc rdspdgvcedbtd rdspdgvcedbtd.. Bl cagcbgd, vlgà plmd jcstcr uec cêçl pcmrçl pcrc cvcr uec mcs ocfkakmcmds mksplbåvdks bc akstc ml tltde. ]lmcs cs ocfkakmcmds tde glel ãrdc md dndktl cagcbgd gurtl d cavl grkcturc bc ãrdc. ]dstds ]dstds rdskstàbgkc tde GM (Wcf). ]ltdbs murce pdacmdgdbc lu ctësdeprd sdrde mdstruåmls, vlgà tcefëe plmd ls rcr gle cêçl md elvkedbtl. Gcsl sd`c mdstruåml, tlmls ls dndktls vkbmls ml tltde pcrce kedmkctcedbtd.
3:
]ltde ml Nljl. • Mkspcrc ue rckl md dssàbgkc gcuscbml 3m> plbtls plbtls md mcbl. Te tdstd md Vdstdxls rdmuz edtcmd. Xlmd jcstcr 3Xe pcrc eumcr pcrc rckl md nljl. • Xlmd jcstcr 3 Xe pcrc mdkxcr mdkxcr crecs md cakcmls de gocecs plr uec rlmcmc. Cprkelrcml. Cprkelrcml. • Xlmd jcstcr jcstcr 7Xe pcrc acbêcr c ecjkc Flac md Nljl sde cprkelrcedbtls. Wupdrklr. Wupdrklr. • Xlmd jcstcr jcstcr >Xe pcrc acbêcr c ecjkc Glaubc md gocecs sde cprkelrcedbtls.
]ltde mc Ãjuc. • Mkspcrc ue rckl rckl md dssàbgkc gcuscbml gcuscbml 3m> plbtls md mcbl. Te tdstd md Vdstdxls rdmuz edtcmd. Xlmd jcstcr 3Xe pcrc eumcr pcrc rckl md jdal. • Xlmd jcstcr jcstcr 3Xe pcrc gurcr gurcr grkcturcs 3m= plbtls plbtls md vkmc. Xcrc gcmc +6Xe cuedbtc de 3m= Cprkelrcml. • Xlmd jcstcr jcstcr 3Xe pcrc gurcr gurcr grkcturcs 6m= plbtls plbtls md vkmc. Xcrc gcmc +6Xe cuedbtc de 3m= • Xlmd jcstcr jcstcr 7Xe pcrc cuedbtcr c Mdndsc md cakcmls cakcmls c suc dsglaoc de +7 pdac gdbc Wupdrklr. Wupdrklr. • Xlmd jcstcr jcstcr 3Xe pcrc gurcr gurcr grkcturcs 7m= plbtls plbtls md vkmc. Xcrc gcmc +6Xe cuedbtc de 3m= • Xlmd jcstcr >Xe pcrc pcrc glbjdacr l goçl bc ãrdc. GrkctuGrkcturcs mdvde pcsscr de ue tdstd md Vdstdxl Vdstdxl pcrgkca lu ffigce gcåmcs. Wd pcsscrde bl tdstd ckbmc ffigce adbtcs. Caëe mkssl, mdvde nczdr tdstd md Nlrtumd, gcsl ncaode tlece 6m> plbtls md mcbl md nrkl plr turbl.
Cprkelrcml. Cprkelrcml. • Xlmd jcstcr jcstcr 7Xe pcrc akfdrcr akfdrcr uec bëvlc dsvdrmdcmc dsvdrmdcmc bc ãrdc qud murc pdac gdbc. C bëvlc bçl ë mdbsc d bçl lfsgurdgd c vksçl ecs bl kbågkl md sdus turbls, grkcturcs mdbtrl slnrde 7m= plbtls md mcbl md ãgkml. Te tdstd fde sugdmkml md Nlrtumd rdmuz edtcmd. Wupdrklr. Wupdrklr. • Xlmd jcstcr >Xe pcrc pcrc kbvlgcr ue glbstrutl dadedbtca dadedbtca mc ]drrc. Dad tde Nlr 6=, Mds 3=, :4 X^, mdsalgcedbtl 36e d sdu ctcqud gcusc 7m>+: plbtls md mcbl md kepcgtl gle 7e md cagcbgd. Bçl tde ue vcalr md Mdndsc (ctcquds ndktls glbtrc dad cgdrtce cu-tlecgcedbtd) d usc l sdu fýbus pcrc tdstd md Vdstdxls. Dad ë keubd c dndktls qud pdmde ue tdstd md Nlrtumd lu ^lbtcmd. Dad sd elvd d ctcgc bl sdu turbl cpdbcs mdbtrl ml cagcbgd ml tltde.
NDVC DWXKVK]TCA ^lgà plmd jcstcr 7Xe pcrc ecbkndstcr de sdu glrpl ls plmdrds md uec ndrc prkelrmkca ml eubml dspkrktuca (ue cbkeca c suc dsglaoc), pdac gdbc. Dbqucbtl dstã gle l dspårktl sdus ctcquds mdscrecmls sçl glbskmdrcmls crecs bcturcks gcusce 3m> plbtls md mcbl. Caëe mkssl, Caëe sdus tdstdsqud md ctcqud mdscrecml pcssce c uscr Wcfdmlrkc de vdz md Nlrêc. C pcrr ml > båvda md xceç plmd uscr c vdrsçl cprkelrcmc mcs ndrcs gle gustl md >Xe.
Ndrc Vlfustc.
]ltde ml Cr.
Vdgdfd += de Nlrêc d Wcfdmlrkc. • Cprkelrcml. Vdgdfd +? de Nlrêc d Wcfdmlrkc, +7 mdsalgcedbtl.
• Mkspcrc ue rckl md dssàbgkc gcuscbml 3m> plbtls plbtls md mcbl. Te tdstd md Vdstdxls rdmuz edtcmd. Xlmd jcstcr 3Xe pcrc eumcr pcrc rckl md dadtrkgkmcmd.
Ndrc Ãjka.
• Xlmd jcstcr jcstcr 3Xe pcrc mdkxcr mdkxcr kbkekjls lnusgcmls ctë ctë l kbågkl ml sdu pr÷xkel turbl. Cprkelrcml. • Xlmd jcstcr 3Xe pcrc depurrcr grkcturcs, grkcturcs, ctë ctë tcecbol jrcbmd, 7e de mkrdêçl lplstc cl tltde. Ctadsel cbuac. Wupdrklr. Wupdrklr. • Xlmd jcstcr >Xe pcrc acbêcr acbêcr c ecjkc ]caol Kbvksåvda Kbvksåvda md Dmcurls sde cprkelrcedbtls.
Vdgdfd += de Mdstrdzc d Wcfdmlrkc. Xlmd rdcakzcr mlks ctcquds ecs slnrd ‗6 de tlmls ls tdstds md ctcqud ctë l sdu pr÷xkel turbl. • Cprkelrcml. Vdgdfd +? de Mdstrdzc d Wcfdmlrkc, +>e mdsalgcedbtl lu mdsalgcedbtl md vll >e. Xlmd rdcakzcr mlks ctcquds ecs slnrd ‗6 de tlmls ls tdstds md ctcqud ctë l sdu pr÷xkel turbl.
]ltde mc ]drrc.
Vdgdfd += bc Mdndsc d Wcfdmlrkc. • Cprkelrcml. Vdgdfd +? bc Mdndsc d Wcfdmlrkc d rdmuêçl md mcbl =.
• Mkspcrc ue rckl rckl md dssàbgkc gcuscbml 3m> plbtls md mcbl. Te tdstd md Vdstdxls rdmuz edtcmd. Xlmd jcstcr 3Xe pcrc eumcr pcrc rckl md ãgkml. • Xlmd jcstcr jcstcr 3Xe pcrc acbêcr c ecjkc Glbtrlacr Xacbtcs Xacbtcs sde cprkelrcedbtls.
Ndrc Vdskstdbtd.
3?
Cspdgtls mcs Ndr drcs cs Dadedbtcks Dadedbtcks.. • Nljl. Nljl. Wdus Wdus ctcquds mdscrecmls gcusce 6m> plbtls md mcbl md nljl cmkgklbcks. Bl kbågkl md sdu turbl, gcalr c suc vlatc gcusc 3m> plbtls md mcbl de grkcturcs cm`cgdbtds. • Ãjuc. Sucbml cgdrtc ue ctcqud mdscrecml de ue kbkekjl, mdkxc vuabdrãvda plr uec rlmcmc. • Cr Cr.. Wdus ctcquds mdscrecmls gcusce 6m> plbtls md mcbl md dadtrkgkmcmd cmkgklbcks. Ls rckls sd dspcaoce gcuscbml 3m> de grkcturcs c suc dsglaoc de cagcbgd gurtl. • ]drrc. ]drrc. Wdeprd qud cgdrtc ue ctcqud mdscrecml rdgdfd plbtls md vkmc tdeplrãrkls kjucks cl sdu elmkffielmkffi gcmlr md scfdmlrkc bçl plmdbml uatrcpcsscr l vcalr ml elmkffigcmlr.
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