Class - X CBSE Social Science

Social Science Concept Maps Class X • Popular struggles and movements

• Power Sharing

• Agriculture

• Forest and Wildlife Resources

• Manufacturing Industries

• Gender, Religion and Caste

• Minerals and Energy Resources

• Federalism

• Lifeline of National Economy

• India as a federal country

• Consumer Rights

• Political Parties

• Mobilisation & Organisation

• Democracy and Diversity

Popular struggles and movements Stories Mobillsation & Organisation Nepal

Bolivia Ruled by king Birendra under constitutional monarchy Killed in a mass acre (2001) King Ganendra became the king, did not accept the constitution People started a movement (2006) three demands (i) restoration of parliament (ii) Power to all party govt. (iii) New constituent assembly.

World Bank pressurising the govt to give up control on water supply in cochabamba city. Rights sold to an MNC Hike in water price by MNC people were in burden Movement started by people under (FEDECOR) Jan 2000 The govt tried to supprem it by applying Martial law

Joined by SPA, Maoist, Students, etc.

Turned into a bigger movement

Succeded on April 2006 Nepal's second movement for Democracy

The MNC fleed The prices stored to govt. rater The Bolivion water war.

With the help of political parties, pressure groups & movement groups Political parties Contest elections, form govt. and make changes

Pressure groups (Do not directly participate in the govt.

Movement Groups (groups who raise voice for their demonds) Issue specific movements

Keep contact with pressure & movement groups for support

Sectional interest group (FEDECOR)

Can be influenced by pressure groups.

Promotional interest group (BAMLEF)

Generic or general movements (comprised of many different movements)

Agriculture Types of farming practical depends on two factors Physical

Coropping pattern Rabi

Kharif

Zaicl

Major crops

Human Relief

Cultural back ground

Climate

Aawailabity of irrigation

Location

Agricultural practices

Technological and inst. reforms Types of farming

Faster means of comunication

Consolidation of small & holdings

Irrigation, spinklers

Providing knowledge weather bulletions

Fertilizers, HYV

Crop Insurance

Primitive Subsistence

MSP

Intensive Subsistence

KCC, PAIS

Commercial farming Plantation AGRICULTURE (Geographical and Physical Condition) Rice

Wheat

Millets (coarse)

Maize

Cotton

Jute (Golden Fiber)

Pulses

Sugarcane

Coffee

Tea

Temperature

24-27ºC

Moderate

High to Moderate

Moderate

High

High

High

21–27°C

High

High

Rainfall

250cm

75 Cm

Low

150-200

Light

Heavy

75 Cm

75–100 cm

Heavy

Heavy

Soil

Alluvial

Loamy Soil

Less fertile Sandy

Well-drained fertile soils

black, Alluvial

Alluvial

Semi-arid, Loamy Soil

Alluvial

Loamy

Loamy

Climate

Tropical

Temperate

Tropical

Tropical

Tropical

Humid

Dry

Hot & Humid

Warm / wet

Humid

Type

Subsistence

Subsistence

Subsistence

Commercial

Commercial

Commercial

Commercial

Commercial

Commercial

Commercial

Labour

Cheap

—

–

–

–

Cheap

–

Cheap

Cheap

Cheap

Pattern

Kharif

Rabi

Kharif

Kharif

Kharif

–

Both

–

–

–

----

100

–

–

210

–

–

–

–

–

Maharashtra, Punjab, Karnataka

West Bengal

Maharashtra MP, UP, Karnataka, Raj., Karnatak AP, Punjab

Karnataka, Tamilnadu

Assam, Sikkim, HP, Tamilnadu

Frostfree days

Area

S.E.Asia, South Asia

Punjab, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Haryana. Haryana, Rajasthan U.P.,H.P.

Manufacturing Industries Importance Modernisin Agriculture

Industrial Location Raw material

Eradication of poverty & unemployment

Labour (Skilled/unskilled)

Brings foreign exchange Increasing industries leab to prosparity

Labour Power Market Transportation Enterpreneur Capital

Classification on the basis of

Raw materials used

Agro based

Their main Role

Mineral based

Basic/key

Tertile

Iron & steel

Cotton

Aluminium smelting

Jute

Chemical Industries

Sugar

Fertiliser India

Contribution 27% of GDP 9%–10% GR/annum Formation of NMCC

Cement

Cpital Investment

Ownership

Small scale

Public sector

Large scale

Private sector

Consumer industries Joint sector Cooperation

Sources of Raw material Light Heavy

Minerals and Energy Resources (Homogenous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure)

Mode of acarrence of minerals Isneoys & metamorphic veins, lodes

Sectmen to bed or layers by evaporation

Placer deposite

?

Ocean water

Classification Metallic Ferrous

Energy Minerals

Non-metallic Non-Ferrous

Mica

Lime stone

Conventional

Electricity

Coal Containing

Iron

Copper

Natural Gas

Conservation Minerals

Thermal

Bauxite Petroleum

Energy Resources

Non Conventional

Anthracite

Hydro

bituminous

Nuclear

Solar Wind mills

Bio-gas

Lignite Geo thermal Peat

Type Importance

Distribution

Basic minerals Back bone

• Orissa Jharkhand Delt • Durg- Bastar - Chandrapur belt • bellary - Chitradurga- Chikmaglur – Tumkur • Maharastra Goa

Used in manufacturing of steel, Ferrmanganings bleaching powder, insectisides, points Orissa – 33% M.P. – 22% Karnataka – 15% Others – 30%

Tidal

Iron-ore Type

Manganase

Mica

Lime stone

Magnetite Hematite

Importance

Basic minerals Backbone of economy

Distribution

• Orissa - Jharkhand • Durg - BastarChardrapur

Used in manufacturing of steel, ferro-manganise alloy. bleaching powder, insecticides, paints

• Orissa - 33% • MP - 22% • Karnatak – 15% • Thers - 30%

Coal Type

Copper

• malleable • ducsile • good conductor of electricity

• Balaghat mines (M.P.) 52% (Roj. – 42%) MP – 58%)

Petroleum

– excellent di-electric strength – Insulating properties – resistance to high voltage – used in electric & electronic industries.

– Raw material for cement industries – essential for smelting iron-ore

– Chota Nagpur plateau – Koderma - Gay a - Hazari bagh belt – Ajmer, Nellore

– A.P. – 16% – MP – 15% – Raj – 15% – Guj – 11% – Tamil Nadu – 9% – Others – 34%

Natural Gas

– Anthracite – Bituminous – Lignite – Peat

Importance

– nation's energy needs – Power generation – used for power generation

Provides fuel for heat & lighting. Lubricants for machinery and raw materials for a no. of industries.

– Clean energy resource – Now material in the petrochemichal industry.

Distribution

Gondwana Coal Damodar Vally, Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro, and Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and wardha valleys Tertiary Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Nagaland

Mumbai High - 63% Gujrat - 18% Assam – 16%

– Krisha-Godavari Basin – Mumbai high – Gulf of Cambay – Andaman Nicobar Islands – HVJ, 1700 km loy gas pipeline.

Lifeline of National Economy Land Roadways

Railways

Pipelines Liqued (Petroleum)

Golden Quadrilateral Super High wasys

Goods

Passengers

National Highways

Gas HVJ

Narrow Gauge (0.762 to 0.610)

State Highways

Assam to Kanpur

Metro Gauge (1.00)

District Roads

Broad Gauge (1.676)

Other Roads Border Roads

Road Density

Water Inland

Overjeas N. W. No. 1 (1620 km)

Major Ports

N.W. No. 2 (891 km) Kandla

The wash

Mumbai

Marmagoa

New Manglore

Kochi

Tuticorin

Chennai

Vishakhapatnam

Paradeep

Haldia

Kolkata

Portblain

Air International

Donestic

Public under taking

Private Airlines

Raja Sansi (Amritsar)

Chhatrpati Shivaji (Mumbai)

ING (Delhi)

Netaji Subbash Chandra Bose

Hyderabad

Meehan Dakkam (Chennai)

Nedimbacherry (Tiruvanantpuram)

Communication Indian postal network

Telicom Network

World Largest

Mass communication

Longestion Asia

International Trade Export

Imports

Tourism a Trade Eco Tourism

Medical Tourism

Culture & Heritage Tourism

Adventure Tourism

Business Tourism

Consumer Rights Meaning Consumer

Consumers Rights

Consumer Exploitation

Consumer in the market place Forms of consumer exploitation

Consumer Movements

Factors causing exploitation of consumers

Under measurement

Limited Information

Sub-standard good

Limited supply

High Prices

Limited compitition

Adultration & Impurity

Low Literacy

False Claims Hoarding & black Marketing Unsatisfactory after sale service Rough Behavior & Undue conditions

Consumers Rights Right to safety

Right to Information

Denial of Choice

Right to seek Redressal

Right to Represent

Steps taken by the government for protection of consumers Legislative steps Copra, 1986

Administrative steps PDS

District level court (Up to 20 lakhs) State level court (20 – 1 crore) National level Court (More than 1 crore)

Learning to become well - Informed consumers Duties of the consumer.

Taking the consumer movement forward

BIS/ISI Agmark

Three tier quasi-judicial system Sperate Dept. for consumer welfare both in central and state govt.

Technical steps

RPO

Mobilisation & Organisation (With the help of political parties, pressure groups, & movement groups)

Nepal Ruled by king Birendra under constitutional monarchy Killed in a massacre (2001) King Ganendra became the king, did not accept the constitution People started a movement (2006) three demands (i) restoration of parliament (ii) Power to all party govt. Joined by SPA, Maolst, students, etc. (iii) New constituent assambly Succeded on April 2006 Nepal's second movement for democracy

Bolivia World bank pressurising the govt. to give up control on water supply in cochabanba city. Rights sold to an MNC

Political Parties Lontest electrions, form govt. and make changes.

Hike in water prices by MNC & people were in burden

Keep contact with pressure & movement groups for support Movement started by people under (FEDECOR) Jan 2000 Can be influenced by pressure groups

Press are groups (Do not directly participate in the govt.)

The govt. tried to suppress it by applying martial law Turned into a bigger movement

Sectional Interest group (Fedecor) Promotional Inteest group (Bamcef)

The MNC fleed The prices restored to govt. rater

Movement Groups (Groups who araise voice for their demands)

The bolivian water war. Issue specific movements Generic or general movements (Comprised of many different movements)

Power Sharing Belgium

Ethnic composition

Desirable for Intro. of the New Model Pnedential Reason

Moral Reason

Forms

59% Flenish - Dpeak Dutch

40% Wallonia - Speak French

Backward weak

Rich/powerful In Bruses

Horizontal Distribution of power

Dutch speakers

French speakers

Vertical Distribution of power Among different social groups Political partia, pressure groups, movement.

Sri Lanka

Ethric composition

Accomodation Amendments in the constitution 1970 – 1993 Intro. of the New Model

Srhala speaters 74% Buddhist

Tamil Christia speaters 7% 18% Hindu/Muslims

Equal no. of ministers from dutch & Freach community Sharing of powerb/w state & centre.

Sri lankan Tamils

Indian Tamils

Bnessels – equal representation

Majoritarianism Act 1956 Sinhala as afficial chgerm favour to sinhala speater in jobs Promotion of Buddhism Discrimination in opportunities & interest Result Struggles, distrust civil war

Community Govt.

1% German speak

Forest and Wildlife Resources Classification Vulnerable species Endargered species

Causes of Depletion of flora and faunea Hunting and over exploitation

Normal species

Agricultural expansion

Pare species

Environmental Pollution

Endemic species

Increased grazing and fuel wood collection

Extinct species

Colovonial forest policies Industrial growth and expanding urbanisation Over population Large scale development projects (mines, dams etc.)

Conservation in India Forest Classification

Community participation

Wildlife

(i) Reserved

(i) Villagers in Alwar district

(i) The Indian wildlife Protection Act – 1972

(ii) Protected

(ii) Chipko movement

(ii) Project Tiger – 1973

(iii) Unclassed

(iii) Beej Bachao Andolan

(iii) Wildlife Act 1980 – 86 notification for protection of insects – 1991 - plants were added.

(iv) Navdanya (v) JFM

Gender, Religion and Caste Gender Stereotyping Senual division of Labour

Where is discrimination withessed Literacy Rate

Feminist movements

Low paid & unpaid work Low political representation Sex Ratio Domestic Violence Gender

Religion Communalism

Religion & politics in Gandhiji's View

Religion & polities in Humanist view

How communalism can lead to seclusion of ore section of the society from the rest if merged with dirts politics To combat this india believes in Secularism

Caste Earlier system of caste Present Situation Results

On the basis of occupation with the liberty of changing it.

Rigid and cruel system based on birth not qualities.

Used for social discrimination, dirty game of politics played leading to further divisions and seclusion in the society.

Actual Results Still casteism is a great threat

Not always defined by politics, people look at their work & performances, New generation not very much concerned with caste system but economic upgradation. Untouchability is abolished, equal rights to all, reservation for the under previliged

Federalism Promotes & protects unity and accomodates diversity Cach tier has its our jurisdiction The existence and authority of each tier is constitutionally gauranted Coming Together Federations U.S.A., switzerland Courts act as an unpire Sources of revenue are different and specified Holding Together Federation, India, Spain Change can not be done unilaterally 2 or more levels of govt.

India as a federal country Union list State list Concurrent list Residuary list Formation of linguistic state Language policy wid no thrust on any state Union state Relation Decentralisation of power. Introduction of third tier in 1992 as Local govt.

Political Parties Functions Group of people wid similar views and programmes and wish to promote it

Political Party Systems

Partisanship

Single party system (China)

Contest elections

Bi-Party system (U.S.A.)

Challenges to political parties Lack of internal democrcy

Policies & programs are framed

Multiple party system (India)

Making laws

Dynastic succession

Work as opposition

Money & muscle power

Shaping public opinion

No. meaningful choices

Comprised of leaders active members followers

Reformation of political parties Law against defection

Filing of affidavit

Holding of internal elections

Suggestion of reservation & State fanding for Pol partion

National political parties (6% voles in L.S. elections or L.A elections in 4 states) + 4 seats in L.S.

INC

BJP

NCP

CPI-M

BSP

CPI

State political parties (6% votes in L.A. elections +2 seats in L.A.)

Samajwadi Party

Samata Party

Rarttriya Janata Dal

Sikkim Democratic Front

DMK

Telugu Desam

Forward Bloc

Shivsena

Democracy and Diversity Social divisions and social inequalities Based on the accident of Birth Cross-cutting (One hype of social difference weakens the other) Overlapping (One type of social difference strengthens the other) Resons Birth Choice

Politics of social Divisions

Use of social divisions for political motives (consequence) Religion Dangerous & Explosive (N. Ireland) Economic states Accomodation (Belgium)

What can be done People see their identify as complementary to the national identity How the political leaders raise the point How the govt deals with these issues