Class 2 Motor Question Bank 2010 to 2014

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MEO CLASS-II QUESTION BANK

MARINE ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE (MOTOR)

Instructions: Answer SIX questions only All Questions carry equal marks Neatness in handwriting and clarity in expression carries weightage Illustration of an Answer with clear sketches /diagram carries weightage All unused pages of the answer script must be cancelled out by two lines (X) across the page

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Contents JUNE 2015 ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 APRIL 2015 ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 MARCH 2015..................................................................................................................................................... 6 FEBRUARY 2015 .............................................................................................................................................. 7 JANUARY 2015 ................................................................................................................................................. 8 DECEMBER 2014 ........................................................................................................................................... 10 NOVEMBER 2014 ........................................................................................................................................... 11 OCTOBER 2014 .............................................................................................................................................. 12 SEPTEMBER 2014.......................................................................................................................................... 13 AUGUST 2014 ................................................................................................................................................. 14 JULY 2014 ....................................................................................................................................................... 15 JUNE 2014 ...................................................................................................................................................... 16 APRIL 2014 ..................................................................................................................................................... 17 MARCH 2014................................................................................................................................................... 18 FEBRUARY 2014 ............................................................................................................................................ 19 JANUARY 2014 ............................................................................................................................................... 21 DECEMBER 2013 ........................................................................................................................................... 22 NOVEMBER 2013 ........................................................................................................................................... 23 OCTOBER 2013 .............................................................................................................................................. 24 SEPTEMBER 2013.......................................................................................................................................... 25 AUGUST 2013 ................................................................................................................................................. 26 JULY 2013 ....................................................................................................................................................... 27 JUNE 2013 ...................................................................................................................................................... 28 APRIL 2013 ..................................................................................................................................................... 29 MARCH 2013................................................................................................................................................... 30 FEBRUARY 2013 ............................................................................................................................................ 31 JANUARY 2013 .............................................................................................................................................. 31 DECEMBER 2012 ........................................................................................................................................... 33 NOVEMBER 2012 ........................................................................................................................................... 33 WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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SEPTEMBER 2012 ......................................................................................................................................... 34 AUGUST 2012 ................................................................................................................................................. 35 JULY 2012 ....................................................................................................................................................... 36 JUNE 2012 ...................................................................................................................................................... 38 APRIL 2012 ..................................................................................................................................................... 39 MARCH 2012 .................................................................................................................................................. 39 FEBRUARY 2012 ............................................................................................................................................ 41 JANUARY 2012 ............................................................................................................................................... 42 DECEMBER 2011 ........................................................................................................................................... 43 NOVEMBER 2011 ........................................................................................................................................... 44 OCTOBER 2011 .............................................................................................................................................. 45 SEPTEMBER 2011 ......................................................................................................................................... 46 AUGUST 2011 ................................................................................................................................................. 47 JULY 2011 ....................................................................................................................................................... 47 JUNE 2011 ...................................................................................................................................................... 48 APRIL 2011 ..................................................................................................................................................... 49 MARCH 2011 .................................................................................................................................................. 50 FEBRUARY 2011 ............................................................................................................................................ 52 JANUARY 2011 ............................................................................................................................................... 53 DECEMBER 2010 ........................................................................................................................................... 54 NOVEMBER 2010 ........................................................................................................................................... 55 OCTOBER 2010 .............................................................................................................................................. 56 SEPTEMBER 2010 ......................................................................................................................................... 57 AUGUST 2010 ................................................................................................................................................. 58 JULY 2010 ....................................................................................................................................................... 59 JUNE 2010 ...................................................................................................................................................... 59 APRIL 2010 ..................................................................................................................................................... 60 MARCH 2010 .................................................................................................................................................. 61 FEBRUARY 2010 ............................................................................................................................................ 61 JANUARY 2010 ............................................................................................................................................... 62

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JUNE 2015 Q1. With reference to torsional vibrations in a main propulsion installation based on medium speed

engines, gearbox and controllable pitch propeller: Explain how the vibrations may be caused; State the possible effects and damage that could result; Discuss the methods employed to minimise the

potential problems associate with torsional vibration; Describe how the natural vibration frequency of the system could be modified.

Q2. Explain each of the following: A. Why wear down in main bearings is critical to the condition of the crankshaft and propeller shaft system.

B. Why total reliance is placed on frictional grip in conventional built up crankshaft C. Why hole oils are given large fillets in crankpin and journals.

Q3. During the past 4 months since you have joined the ship as second engineer a number of main engine exhaust valves have suffered cracking and corrosion at the seating faces. Write a report to the superintendent covering the following points;

A. An explanation detailing how the problem became evident. B. Your action upon recognising the extent and seriousness of the problem C. Your reasoned views regarding the positive causes of the problem D. Your recommendations to avoid future incidents.

Q4. Sketch and describe a common rail fuel system as fitted to a diesel engine. How is delivery of the fuel controlled? Q5. A. Draw an “out of phase” diagram for a large 2-stroke slow speed cycle engine. Describe in detail the part of the cycle showing the diagram. Using the diagram explain the effects of burning liable and low grade fuels (when fuel injection timing is not altered). Explain how good ignition and combustion can be obtained when using low grade fuel. Q6. A. Sketch and describe a flywheel that would be fitted to a large marine diesel engine; B. Show in the sketches how it is fitted and secured. ; C. What is the purpose of the flywheel? Recently some engine makers have considerably reduced the size of the flywheel. Explain how this can be done.

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Q7.Explain why the residual fuels for the operation of large slow speed or of medium speed engines may be responsible for the following problems with T/C nozzles, shrouds and blades and how in each , the problem may be minimized – A. Build-up of deposits; B. Hot corrosion; C. Erosion.

Q8. A. Describe the method of setting the safety valves of an exhaust gas boiler at sea. State the limits in terms of %age above maximum design working pressure for setting safety valves. B. State the formality necessary when Chief engineer sets the safety valves. Q9. Describe in detail the causes and conditions that;

A. Create an explosive atmosphere in a crankcase; B. Initiate a primary explosion. C.

Propagate a secondary explosion; State how hazardous conditions can be avoided.

APRIL 2015 Q1. Fatigue is one of the main causes of crankshaft failure. A. Indicate on a sketch the most likely location of a fatigue crack; B. Explain how a fatigue failure

is identified; C. Describe how a fatigue crack may be initiated; D. Describe, with the aid of sketches, the methods used to inhibit fatigue cracks. Q2. A. Outline the problems associated with effective lubrication of the liner and piston assemble of a large slow speed engine; B. Describe the appearance and state the causes of each of the following: i. Clover leafing; ii. Micro-seizure C. Describe the composition of a cylinder oil suitable for an engine operating on residual fuel Q3. With reference to bridge control of a large slow propulsion engine A. Explain how starting and reversal achieved B. Describe the investigation and remedial action required action required if the engine i. fails to turn on air; ii. turns on air but fails to fire on fuel; iii. fails to reverse Q4. A. Explain the possible reasons T/C vibration while operating at a steady speed B. State how the incidence of turbo charger vibration might be minimized C. Explain the action to be taken in order to maintain 2 stroke – engine operation in the vent of turbo charger having to be taken out of service; D. Indicate the effect this action will have on engine operation Q5. Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain. Describe the repair procedure following fracture of one chain link during operation of the engine. Give possible reasons for the failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension. WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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Q6. With reference to piston rings; - A. State with reasons the causes of breakage; B. State how

maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage; C. Explain the possible consequences

with respect to performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings. Q7. With respect to main boiler super heater arrangements: - A. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of contra flow with parallel flow design; B. Describe how the element tube banks are supported yet allow for expansion. C. Describe how boiler carryover affects super heater effectiveness and condition Q8: Describe with reference to mechanical/hydraulic governors explain: A. Why fly weights are driven at a higher rotational speed than the engine. B. How dead band effects are reduced. C. How hunting is reduced. D. How the output torque is increased. Q9. With reference to medium speed engine cylinder lines: A. Explain the cause and effects of Polishing or glazing; B. Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring and explain how it is fitted in the liner; C. Explain the action of anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine.

MARCH 2015 Q1. You have been appointed as Second Engineer to a new vessel that experiences severe aft end vibration. The problem is thought to emanate from the propeller. Describe the cause of vibration and suggest possible remedies including the selection of a new propeller with a different number of blades. Q2. With reference to medium speed engine cylinder lines: A. Explain the cause and effects of Polishing or glazing; B. Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring and explain how it is fitted in the liner; C. Explain the action of anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine Q3. Discuss critically the following alternative types of main propelling machinery for installation in a proposed new ship - A. 2 stroke single acting cross head type slow speed engine; B. 4 stroke single–acting with reverses / reduction gear. Q4. Describe the cause and effect of thermal stressing in cylinder Heads, liners and pistons. Explain why thermal stressing is aggravated with increased cylinder bore. Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational practices Q5. A. Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil.

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B. Bacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship aboard which you are serving as 2ndeng. Write a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intent to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidents

Q6. A set of indicator diagrams including draw cards has been taken for a main diesel engine.

Examine critically the following if the compression curve is normal – i. The maximum pressure is lower ; ii. The maximum pressure is higher ; iii. The expansion curve is lower; iv. The expansion curve is higher; B. Describe how the faults as mentioned above can be rectified Q7. With reference to auxiliary diesel engines, suggest probable causes that would create EACH of

the following conditions and state how they would be rectified: A. Knocking; B. Loss of power; C, Loss of lubricating oil pressure

Q8. With reference to large starting air receivers: A. Explain where corrosion is likely to occur and state why it occurs in these regions: B. State the how the incidence of corrosion in air receivers might be minimized; C. If serious corrosion is detected in a starting air receiver and that receiver must be used explain

how you, as Second Engineer, would determine the maximum pressure to which the receiver should be subjected; D. State the further action a Chief engineer must take upon discovering such air receiver corrosion. Q9. With reference to diesel engines fitted on board ships, discuss A. Sludge formation in lubricating oil systems, B. Role of additives in lubricating oils, C. Steps taken to ensure that treated oils are maintained in their optimum condition, D. Adverse effects on bearing metal due to incompatibility of lubricating oil.

FEBRUARY 2015 Q1. Explain the reason why the modern camshaft-less engines are known as intelligent engines. Describe briefly. The advantages and reliability of such an engine in comparison with the conventional marine diesels engines Q2. Explain each of the following: A. Why wear down in main bearings is critical to the condition of the crankshaft and propeller shaft system. B. Why total reliance is placed on frictional grip in conventional built up crankshaft C. Why hole oils are given large fillets in crankpin and journals

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Q3. A. Outline the problems associated with effective lubrication of the liner and piston assemble of a large slow speed engine

B. Describe the appearance and state the causes of each of the following: i. Clover leafing; ii. Microseziure C. Describe the composition of a cylinder oil suitable for an engine operating on residual fuel Q4.A. State, with reasons, THREE properties required of crankcase oil which is to be used for a

trunk piston main engine; B. Explain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained

from a trunk piston engine. C. Briefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil charge cannot immediately be replaced and analysis shows – (i) Water is present; (ii) Alkalinity has fallen; (iii) Viscosity has changed appreciably; (iv) Carbon content has increased. Q5. A.

Difficulty has been experienced in maintaining engine speed at the set value State THREE

possible causes. State how each of these causes may be detected.

B. Describe the action to be taken in order to ensure safe operation of the main engine plant in the event of complete failure of the remote control and sensing equipment. Q6. With respect to diesel engine control and safety, answer the following A. How is governor different from an over speed trip; B. Explain with a sketch “speed droop” in a governor; C. Explain how load is transferred to an incoming generator explaining your actions with relation to the governor’s “droop line”. Q7. A. Describe with aid of sketches the following types of bedplates as used for a large I.C. engine - i. Bedplate cast in section; ii. Fabricated steel Bedplate B. State the stresses to which these bedplates are subjected and explain how bedplates are secured to the hull of the ship.

Q8. A. Discuss the principal forces a large diesel engine crankshaft must withstand while in service and how the stresses resulting from these forces are kept within acceptable limits by good design and operation criteria; B. Discuss the manner in which the crankshaft may be overstressed and the consequences arising there from. Q9. Misalignment of the main shafting between engine and propeller causes bearing overloads and shaft stress; A. State the difficulties associated with checking shaft alignment and the reasons why results are unreliable due to external factors; B. Explain with a simple sketch how a bearing load is assessed. C. Explain how uneven loading could be rectified.

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Q1. With reference to medium speed engine cylinder lines: A. Explain the cause and effects of

Polishing or glazing; B. Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring and explain how it is fitted in the liner; C. Explain the action of anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine. Q2. A. Sketch a Main Engine air starting system and describe how it operates. B. List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in such a system and state the purpose of each.

Q3. Describe the cause and effect of thermal stressing in cylinder Heads, liners and pistons. Explain why thermal stressing is aggravated with increased cylinder bore. Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational practices

Q4. A. Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil. B. Bacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship

aboard which you are serving as 2ndeng. Write a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intent to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidents.

Q5. Misalignment of the main shafting between engine and propeller causes bearing overloads and shaft stress; A. State the difficulties associated with checking shaft alignment and the reasons why results are unreliable due to external factors; B. Explain with a simple sketch how a bearing load is assessed. C. Explain how uneven loading could be rectified.

Q6. A set of indicator diagrams including draw cards has been taken for a main diesel engine. Examine critically the following if the compression curve is normal - i. The maximum pressure is lower ; ii. The maximum pressure is higher; iii. The expansion curve is lower; iv. The expansion curve is higher; B. Describe how the faults as mentioned above can be rectified Q7. With respect to Diesel Engines, describe the cause of - i. Piston rings that is too tight in the piston grooves; ii. Corrosion of piston rings; iii. Piston grooves that are worn; iv. Piston rings that is too slack with piston grooves.

B. Describe the effect of each of the faults listed above and the remedial action for each. Q8. With reference to turbochargers - A. Explain how corrosion can occur on the gas side of a turbocharger casing; B. Describe the process and safeguards necessary when water washing the air side; C. Explain the possible disadvantage of water washing the gas side. Q9. A. Describe with aid of sketches the following types of bedplates as used for a large I.C. engine - i. Bedplate cast in section; ii. Fabricated steel Bedplate B. State the stresses to which these bedplates are subjected and explain how bedplates are secured to the hull of the Ship.

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DECEMBER 2014 Q1. Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain. Describe the repair procedure following fracture of one chain link during operation of the engine. Give possible reasons for the failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension. Q2: Describe with reference to mechanical/hydraulic governors explain: A. Why fly weights are driven at a higher rotational speed than the engine. B. How dead band effects are reduced. C. How hunting Reduced. D. How the output torque is increased.

Q3. A. Define the essential conditions, which must be satisfied by the air, supply for a pneumatic

control system; B. Sketch a control air supply arrangement and give a reasoned explanation for positioning of dryers and filters. Q4. Give a list of the properties or tests by which distillate and blended fuels may be specified or decisions be made on their fitness for use. Name the properties or constituents that may be found

in a blended fuel having a high viscosity and high carbon content. Explain how they may cause problems in engine operation. Q5. A. Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil. B. Bacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship

aboard which you are serving as 2ndeng. Write a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intent to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidents. Q6. A. Describe four different methods for reducing Nox emissions from diesel engines; B. Distinguish between primary and secondary methods. Q7. A. A number of main engine cylinder covers have been subjected to cracking during the preceding four months – i. Explain possible reasons for this cracking; ii. State with reasons the

action you, as Second Engineer, would take in order to reduce the possibility of future cylinder cover cracking. B. Cylinder liner wear has increased appreciably during the past six months. Write a brief report to the engineering superintendent concerning this matter explaining the possible causes the immediate action taken to deal with the problem and the action you, as Second Engineer, intend to take in order to reduce the risk of future incidents. Q8. A.

Difficulty has been experienced in maintaining engine speed at the set value State THREE

possible causes. State how each of these causes may be detected. B. Describe the action to be taken in order to ensure safe operation of the main engine plant in the event of complete failure of the remote control and sensing equipment.

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Q9: A. What are the most influential physical characteristics required of the principle bearings for

high speed, medium speed, and slow speed diesel engines? ; B. Write short notes on following i. thin bearing shells; ii. Surface finish;

iii. Fluid film lubrication; iv. Alignment.

NOVEMBER 2014 Q1. A. Discuss the principal forces a large diesel engine crankshaft must withstand while in service and how the stresses resulting from these forces are kept within acceptable limits by good design

and operation criteria; B. Discuss the manner in which the crankshaft may be overstressed and the consequences arising there from. Q2. Sketch and describe a common rail fuel system as fitted to a diesel engine. How is delivery of the fuel controlled? Q3. A. Draw an “out of phase” diagram for a large 2-stroke slow speed cycle engine. Describe in detail the part of the cycle showing the diagram. Using the diagram explain the effects of burning

liable and low grade fuels (when fuel injection timing is not altered). Explain how good ignition and combustion can be obtained when using low grade fuel. Q4. A. Sketch and describe a flywheel that would be fitted to a large marine diesel engine; B. Show in the sketches how it is fitted and secured. ; C. What is the purpose of the flywheel? Recently some engine makers have considerably reduced the size of the flywheel. Explain how this can be done. Q5. With reference to medium speed engine cylinder lines: A. Explain the cause and effects of Polishing or glazing; B. Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring and explain how it is fitted in the liner; C. Explain the action of anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine. Q6. Discuss critically the following alternative types of main propelling machinery for installation in a proposed new ship - A. 2 stroke single acting cross head type slow speed engine; B. 4 stroke single acting with reverses / reduction gear. Q7. A. Sketch a Main Engine air starting system and describe how it operates. B. List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in such a system and state the purpose of each. ALREADY DONE 2014/SR9 Q8. Describe the cause and effect of thermal stressing in cylinder Heads, liners and pistons. Explain why thermal stressing is aggravated with increased cylinder bore. Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational practices WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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Q9. Describe how large slow speed two cycle engines are structured to withstand the following: A. Forces due to combustion loads; B. Guide forces; C. Inertia forces

OCTOBER 2014 Q1. You have been appointed as Second Engineer to a new vessel that experiences severe aft end vibration. The problem is thought to emanate from the propeller. Describe the cause of vibration and suggest possible remedies including the selection of a new propeller with a different number of blades.

Q2. A. State with reasons the main causes of normal cylinder liner wear; B. State TWO forms of

abnormal liner wear, explaining how EACH may be caused; C. Explain how cylinder liner wear may be kept within acceptable limit. Q3. Describe with aid of sketches, a turbocharger bearing lubrication system, stating the type of bearing employed and explaining the advantages and disadvantages of the lubricating system described. Q4. A. Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil; B. Bacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship

aboard which you are serving as 2ndeng. Write a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intent to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidents. Q5. Misalignment of the main shafting between engine and propeller causes bearing overloads and shaft stress; A. State the difficulties associated with checking shaft alignment and the reasons why results are unreliable due to external factors; B. Explain with a simple sketch how a bearing load is assessed. C. Explain how uneven loading could be rectified. Q6. Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain. Describe the repair procedure following fracture of one chain link during operation of the engine. Give possible reasons for the failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension. Q7. With reference to piston rings; A. State with reasons the causes of breakage; B. State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage; C. Explain the possible consequences with respect to performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings. Q8. With respect to main boiler super heater arrangements: A. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of contra flow with parallel flow design; B. Describe how the element tube banks are supported yet allow for expansion; C. Describe how boiler carryover affects super heater effectiveness and condition. WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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Q9. If a main engine piston seizes in its liner at sea and it is not possible to replace the unit, explain, in detail, what provisions are made in the engine, to enable the ship to reach port?

SEPTEMBER 2014 Q1.With reference to medium speed engine cylinder lines: A. Explain the cause and effects of Polishing or glazing; B. Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring and explain how it is fitted in the liner; C. Explain the action of anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine.

Q2. A. Sketch a Main Engine air starting system and describe how it operates. B. List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in such a system and state the purpose of each.

Q3.Describe the cause and effect of thermal stressing in cylinder Heads, liners and pistons. Explain why thermal stressing is aggravated with increased cylinder bore. Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational practices Q4. A set of indicator diagrams including draw cards has been taken for a main diesel engine. Examine critically the following if the compression curve is normal - i. The maximum pressure is lower ; ii. The maximum pressure is higher; iii. The expansion curve is lower; iv. The expansion curve is higher B. Describe how the faults as mentioned above can be rectified Q5. With respect to Diesel Engines, describe the cause of - I. Piston rings that is too tight in the piston grooves; ii. Corrosion of piston rings; iii. Piston grooves that are worn; iv. Piston rings that is too slack with piston grooves. B. Describe the effect of each of the faults listed above and the remedial action for each. Q6. A. Describe the precaution necessary during the initial running-in of an Auxiliary Engine run on which is newly installed or has a major overhaul; B. Explain the possible causes of oxidation of lubricating oil; C. State the frequency with which oil samples should be taken for analysis. Q7. With reference to turbochargers - A. Explain how corrosion can occur on the gas side of a turbocharger casing; B. Describe the process and safeguards necessary when water washing the air side; C. Explain the possible disadvantage of water washing the gas side. Q8: A. What are the most influential physical characteristics required of the principle bearings for high speed, medium speed, and slow speed diesel engines? B. Write short notes on following - i. thin bearing shells; ii. Surface finish; iv. Alignment.

iii. Fluid film lubrication;

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Q9. A. Describe with aid of sketches the following types of bedplates as used for a large I.C.

engine - i. Bedplate cast in section; ii. Fabricated steel Bedplate ; B. State the stresses to which these bedplates are subjected and explain how bedplates are secured to the hull of the ship.

AUGUST 2014 Q1. Explain with sketches the various fitments/methods by which the crankcase of large marine diesel engine is protected

Q2. Explain why the residual fuels for the operation of large slow speed or of medium speed engines may be responsible for the following problems with T/C nozzles, shrouds and blades and

how in each , the problem may be minimized - A. Build-up of deposits; B. Hot corrosion; C. Erosion.

Q3.Discuss the precautions which can be taken to minimized the possibility of a diesel engine crank

ease explosion and the transmission of dangerous flame into the machinery space - i. By design and equipment; ii. By operating personnel Q4. Enumerate the causes of vibration in diesel machinery and shafting. Describe procedures by which it may be reduced by operating personnel, suitable design and devices. State the possible effects of vibration on machinery and crewmembers. Q5. Name the factors an engine designer considers in the selection of the compression ratio for a compression ignition engine. Give some examples of compression ratio values. Q6. A. State the various types of indicator diagrams that are used to assess engine performance; B. Specify the additional data needed in conjunction with these diagrams; C. Explain, how some abnormalities in indicator diagrams can be traced to the indicator; D. Describe the precautions necessary to avoid indicator malfunctions. Q7.A. State, with reasons, THREE properties required of crankcase oil which is to be used for a trunk piston main engine; B. Explain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained from a trunk piston engine. C. Briefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil charge cannot immediately be replaced and analysis shows - (i) Water is present; (ii) Alkalinity has fallen; (iii) Viscosity has changed appreciably; (iv) Carbon content has increased. Q8. A. A number of main engine cylinder covers have been subjected to cracking during the preceding four months - i. Explain possible reasons for this cracking; ii. State with reasons the action you, as Second Engineer, would take in order to reduce the possibility of future cylinder cover cracking. WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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B. Cylinder liner wear has increased appreciably during the past six months. Write a brief report to the engineering superintendent concerning this matter explaining the possible causes the immediate action taken to deal with the problem and the action you, as Second Engineer, intend to take in order to reduce the risk of future incidents. Q9. A.

Difficulty has been experienced in maintaining engine speed at the set value State THREE

possible causes. State how each of these causes may be detected; B. Describe the action to be taken in order to ensure safe operation of the main engine plant in the event of complete failure of the remote control and sensing equipment.

JULY 2014 Q1. A. Describe the procedure to be adopted for the inspection of a safety valve fitted to an

exhaust gas boiler stating, with reasons, which parts should receive particularly close attention; B. Describe the procedure for the setting of safety valves of exhaust gas operated auxiliary boilers; C. Explain the action a Chief Engineer should take after the setting of safety valves as in (B) Q2: An auxiliary engine exhibits a tendency to hunt to such an extent that the engine speed

variation prohibits the connection of the machine to the switchboard. (a) Discuss the possible causes of hunting. (b) Explain how the problem of hunting can be rectified. Q3. A. Describe an automatic self sludging centrifuge suitable for dealing with fuel of density up to 1010 kg/m3 at 150C; B. Explain how the centrifuge described in Q1 (a) is able to remove water

from a fuel which has a density that is higher than that of water and state factors that may assist the operation.

C. As Second Engineer, write down the start-up procedure for the centrifuge described in Q1 (a)

for the benefit of your staff; D. State how the problem of catalytic fines in fuel oil may be dealt with. Q4. With reference to hydraulic steering gears, sketch and describe each of the following: A. Single failure concept; B. 100 percent redundancy. Q5. A. State why fixed pitch propellers have a poor efficiency when going astern. B. With reference to controllable pitch propellers state - i. Why is it preferable that the main servomotor be housed in the propeller hub rather than in the shafting forward of the propeller shaft? ii. What regular maintenance and checks should be carried out to ensure maximum reliability of the gear at all times?

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Q6. Sketch and describe a boiler water level controller of the float operated type. State the reasons for having this mechanism on the boiler and using this controller and boiler for analogy. Explain the following terms:

A. Detecting element; B. Servo motor; C. Desired Value Q7. Discuss the causes of corrosion and means by which corrosion of the following may be limited by manufacturers and ship’s personnel respectively:

A. Internal and External surfaces of auxiliary steam lines; B. External surfaces of auxiliary boilers; C. Water boxes of sea water coolers and condensers; D. Main sea water inlet pipes.

Q8. A. State, with reasons, the causes of fatigue cracking of engineering components; B, State, with reasons how material and design defects can influence fatigue life. C. With reference to engine bed plate transverse girders explain how the incidence of fatigue cracking can be minimized. Q9. With reference to reciprocating air compressors explain why; A. Clearance volume is critical to efficiency; B. Spring-loaded plate valves are invariably used; C. Compression is accomplished in apparently unequal stages; D. Inter cooling is used between stages.

JUNE 2014 Q1. Describe the main engine shaft engine generator arrangement with an electronic system for frequency correction. Describe he operation of the generator arrangement so sketched. Q2. A. If an auxiliary diesel generator over-speeds and runs away while off the load, explain: i. How it can be stopped; ii. What is likely to be the reasons for the failure? B. Give-details of what cheeks are made after the machine has been stopped: (i) Mechanically, (ii) Electrically. Q3. The analysis of oil may be used as a method of monitoring the condition of the equipment that it lubricates A. Explain briefly how shore analysts might test the oil; B. State the type of information that would be expected; C. Give possible reasons for an excess of: - i. Iron, ii. Copper, iii. Antimony Iv. Tin, v. Silica Q4. During a routine crankcase inspection a main engine top end bearing is found to be wiped and subsequent inspection shows that the pin is badly scored.

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A. Explain in detail the action which should be taken to enable the engine to be safety operated so that the vessel may reach a port where effective repair facilities are available.

B. State with reasons the factors which influence the speed at which the engine may be safely operated. Q5. A diesel generator when fitted in a machinery space which is periodically unmanned may be equipped with monitoring alarms of the exhaust temperatures. Discuss the relative merits of

A. Individual cylinder maximum temperature alarms; B. Individual cylinder maximum and minimum temperature alarms;

C. Individual cylinder maximum temperature alarm and an alarm for any two cylinders exhaust temperatures deviating more than 35°C. Explain how arrangement C can be provided for. Q6. With reference to behaviour of fabricated bed plates and frames in services: A.I dentify various forces imposed simultaneously upon them; B. Explain how engine structure withstands these forces; C. State how these forces are transferred to ship’s structure Q7. Describe the process of inspecting the running gear of a main diesel engine. What is the purpose of such an inspection and what defects may be found? Q8. Explain the term ‘cascade control’ and sketch such a sytsem suitable for use with a main engine jacket cooling water system. Show the variation of pressure and temperature at major points of the system. Q9. Draw a line diagram of a complete feed water system for an auxiliary boiler labelling all the principal items and showing the direction of flow in all lines. B. Explain how the feed supply to the boiler is regulated; C. State what means are provided to prevent oil contamination of the feed water.

APRIL 2014 Q1. As second engineer you have been requested to obtain a set of indicator card (diagram) from the large slow speed engine of a recently purchased second hand ship A. Describe your initial checks and preparations; B. State with reason the types of card you would consider necessary and explain the procedure for obtaining these; C. State in order of importance the additional information required with the card ; D. State your procedure for analysis of the cards and obtaining cylinder powers.

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Q2. A. How is the cylinder lubricators fitted in a large marine diesel engine that has a water

jacket? B. Where is the location of the lubricator outlet in relation to the piston rings on the piston? C. Why is this position necessary?

Q3. A. Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil. B. Bacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship aboard which you are serving as 2ndeng. Write a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intent to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidents. Q4: With reference to Turbo-Chargers; A. Explain why when surging occurs, the speed off the turbocharger is seen to change slightly; B. Give examples of defects likely to result in surging; C. Explain in simple terms what occurs in a

turbocharger and the diesel engine as the speed / power increases. Based on the explanation what is meant by matching of T/C with an engine? D. State the advantage of fitting uncooled turbochargers. Q5. A. Describe briefly the operation of an electrical or hydraulic main engine governor B.

For the type described indicate how failure can occur and the action to be taken if immediate

correction cannot be achieved and the engine must be operated.

Q6. With reference to a particular make of main propulsion unit, describe how the engine is reverse manually and discuss the problems involved and the safety precautions which would be required if the control were operated remote from the machinery space. Q7. With respect to Diesel Engines, describe the cause of -

i. Piston rings that is too tight in

the piston grooves; ii. Corrosion of piston rings; iii. Piston grooves that are worn; iv. Piston rings that is too slack with piston grooves. B. Describe the effect of each of the faults listed above and the remedial action for each. Q8. A. Describe the precaution necessary during the initial running-in of an Auxiliary Engine run on which is newly installed or has a major overhaul; B. Explain the possible causes of oxidation of lubricating oil; C. State the frequency with which oil samples should be taken for analysis. Q9. With reference to main engine tie rod explain. A. Effect on main engine in case slack; B. Identifying slackness; C. Material; D. Tightening procedure.

MARCH 2014 Q1. With reference to torsional vibrations in a main propulsion installation based on medium speed engines, gearbox and controllable pitch propeller: Explain how the vibrations may be caused; State the possible effects and damage that could result; Discuss the methods employed to minimise the WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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potential problems associate with torsional vibration; Describe how the natural vibration frequency of the system could be modified.

Q2. Explain why the use if residual fuels following problems occur in turbocharger nozzles shrouds and blades, their effects on turbocharger operation and remedies - A. Deposits; B. Hot corrosion; C. Erosion.

Q3: A. Sketch and describe a pneumatic control system for controlling temperature of main engine lubricating oil outlet of the cooler ; B. Explain why air supplied to the pneumatic control system must be free from dust and water;

C. Describe how above impurities are removed; State the consequences if the air supplied is contaminated

Q4. A. Describe the method of setting the safety valves of an exhaust gas boiler at sea. State

the limits in terms of %age above maximum design working pressure for setting safety valves; B. State the formality necessary when Chief engineer sets the safety valves. Q5. A. As 2nd Engineer describe the procedure involved in the complete inspection of a cylinder

liner and piston assembly, indicating areas of significant interest; B. Explain with reasons possible faults which might be found; C. Suggest how such faults might be avoided.

Q6. Describe in detail the causes and conditions that - A. Create an explosive atmosphere in a crankcase; B. Initiate a primary explosion; C. Propagate a secondary explosion; State how hazardous conditions can be avoided.

Q7. Same as Q1. Q8. With reference to large starting air receivers: A. Explain where corrosion is likely to occur and state why it occurs in these regions; B. State the how the incidence of corrosion in air receivers might be minimized; C. If serious corrosion is detected in a starting air receiver and that receiver must be used explain how you, as Second Engineer, would determine the maximum pressure to which the receiver should be subjected; D. State the further action a Chief engineer must take upon discovering such air receiver Q9: In the case of main propulsion engine explain the indications and possible effects which might to expect from- A. Insufficient bearing clearances; B. Excessive bearing clearances; C. Crankshaft misalignment

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Q1. Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain. Describe the repair

procedure following fracture of one chain link during operation of the engine. Give possible reasons for the failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension. Q2: Describe with reference to mechanical/hydraulic governors explain: A. Why fly weights are driven at a higher rotational speed than the engine. B. How dead band effects are reduced. C. How hunting Reduced. D. How the output torque is increased. Q3. With reference to medium speed engine cylinder lines: A. Explain the cause and effects of Polishing or glazing; B. Describe, with the aid of sketches, an

anti-polishing ring and explain how it is fitted in the liner; C. Explain the action of anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine. Q4. A. Define the essential conditions, which must be satisfied by the air supply for a pneumatic control system; B. Sketch a control air supply arrangement and give a reasoned explanation for positioning of dryers and filters.

Q5. Give a list of the properties or tests by which distillate and blended fuels may be specified or decisions be made on their fitness for use. Name the properties or constituents that may be found in a blended fuel having a high viscosity and high carbon content. Explain how they may cause problems in engine operation. Q6. A. Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil. B. Bacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship

aboard which you are serving as 2ndeng. Write a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intent to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidents. Q7. Misalignment of the main shafting between engine and propeller causes bearing overloads and shaft stress. A. State the difficulties associated with checking shaft alignment and the reasons why results are unreliable due to external factors; B. Explain with a simple sketch how a bearing load is assessed; C. Explain how uneven loading could be rectified. Q8. Describe the cause and effect of thermal stressing in cylinder Heads, liners and pistons. Explain why thermal stressing is aggravated with increased cylinder bore. Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational practices Q9. A. With the aid of a block diagram describe the operation of an electronic governor fitted to an auxiliary diesel engine. B. An engine fitted with an electronic governor during load changes. Explain the possible causes.

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JANUARY 2014 Q1. A. State with reasons the main causes of normal cylinder liner wear; B. State TWO forms of abnormal liner wear, explaining how EACH may be caused; C. Explain how cylinder liner wear may be kept within acceptable limit Q2. Describe with aid of sketches, a turbocharger bearing lubrication system, stating the type of

bearing employed and explaining the advantages and disadvantages of the lubricating system described. One of the turbochargers of the main engine on the vessel aboard which you are serving as second engineer has suffered a sudden and unexpected failure. Write a letter to the ship

owner/operator concerning the incident and stating the action taken in bringing the turbocharger back into service.

Q3. A. Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil. B. Bacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship aboard which you are serving as 2ndeng. Write a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intent to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidents. Q4. Misalignment of the main shafting between engine and propeller causes bearing overloads and shaft stress.

A. State the difficulties associated with checking shaft alignment and the reasons why results are unreliable due to external factors; B. Explain with a simple sketch how a bearing load is assessed; C. Explain how uneven loading could be rectified. Q5. A. Sketch a Main Engine air starting system and describe how it operates. B. List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in such a system and state the purpose of each. Q6. Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain. Describe the repair procedure following fracture of one chain link during operation of the engine. Give possible reasons for the failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension. Q7. With reference to piston rings - A. State with reasons the causes of breakage; B. State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage; C. Explain the possible consequences with respect to performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings. Q8. With respect to main boiler super heater arrangements - A. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of contra flow with parallel flow design; B. Describe how the element tube banks are supported yet allow for expansion; C. Describe how boiler carryover affects super heater effectiveness and condition.

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Q9. If a main engine piston seizes in its liner at sea and it is not possible to replace the unit, explain, in detail, what provisions are made in the engine, to enable the ship to reach port?

DECEMBER 2013 Q1. A. Explain the term Variable Injection Timing (VIT) when applied to fuel pumps and state why

a change in timing of fuel injection may be required.; B. Describe, with the aid of sketches a VIT fuel pump and explain how the change in trimming is achieved whilst the pump is in operation; C. Explain how it may be determined that individual fuel pumps are injecting the correct quantity of fuel with the correct timing at a particular pump setting. Q2. A report on the analysis of the main crosshead engine crankcase lubricating oil indicates the

following contaminants or property changes. In EACH of the following cases give reasons for the

possible causes of the contamination or property change, explaining how the actual cause would be detected;

The presence of fresh water;

Reduced anti oxidation reserve.

White metal fragments;

Reduced alkalinity reserve;

Q3. Discuss the effect on main engine operation of the use of low grade fuel and in particular refer to causes and prevent of liner wear. Crankshaft corrosion of exhaust space; Corrosion of exhaust space. Q4. With respect to medium speed auxiliary power generating 4 stroke medium speed diesel engines: A. Explain how the cylinder liners are effectively lubricated; B. Explain how the standby engine is maintained in a condition ready to be started immediately; C. Describe how the engine is changed from HFO operation to DO operation when running. Q5. Describe with reference to mechanical/hydraulic governors explain: A. Why fly weights are driven at a higher rotational speed than the engine. B. How dead band effects are reduced. C. How hunting Reduced. D. How the output torque is increased. Q6. During a routine crankcase inspection, a main engine top end bearing is found to be wiped and subsequent inspection shows that the pin is badly scored. B. A. Explain in detail the action, which should be taken to enable the engine to be safety operated so that the vessel may reach a port where effective repair facilities are available; B. State with reasons the factors, which influence the speed at which the engine may be safely operated. Q7. With reference to main engine starting and reversing: Define the function of air distributors; Give reasons why air distributors are not fitted to some large direct reversing engines. Q8. A. Describe how to 'blow down’ and 'open up' an boiler for inspection; B. Identify with reasons those parts which normally require especially close examination during internal inspection. WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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Q9. With reference to UMS engine remote control and monitoring system, A. In the event of complete failure of such monitoring and; control systems state, with reasons, how you; as Second

Engineer, would organize the engine room Staff to ensure safe operation of the engine during Normal deep sea conditions, Manoeuvring; State, with reasons, SIX important engine parameters which should be manually; monitored following failure of the UMS system; Explain how the cause of failure of the UMS system may be traced

NOVEMBER 2013 Q1. You have been appointed as Second Engineer to a new vessel that experiences severe aft end vibration. The problem is thought to emanate from the propeller. Describe the cause of vibration and suggest possible remedies including the selection of a new propeller with a different number of blades. Q2. With reference to medium speed engine cylinder lines -

A. Explain the cause and effects of

Polishing or glazing; B. Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring and explain how it is fitted in the liner; C. Explain the action of anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine. Q3. Discuss critically the following alternative types of main propelling machinery for installation in a proposed new ship - A. 2 stroke single acting cross head type slow speed engine; B. 4 stroke single acting with reverses / reduction gear. Q4. A. Sketch a Main Engine air starting system and describe how it operates; B. List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in such a system and state the purpose of each. Q5. Describe the cause and effect of thermal stressing in cylinder Heads, liners and pistons. Explain why thermal stressing is aggravated with increased cylinder bore. Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational practices

Q6. A. Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil; B. Bacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship

aboard which you are serving as 2ndeng. Write a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intent to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidents. Q7. Misalignment of the main shafting between engine and propeller causes bearing overloads and shaft stress. A. State the difficulties associated with checking shaft alignment and the reasons why results are unreliable due to external factors; B. Explain with a simple sketch how a bearing load is assessed; C. Explain how uneven loading could be rectified. Q8 – SAME AS Q4 WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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Q9. A. A number of main engine cylinder covers have been subjected to cracking during the

preceding four months - i. Explain possible reasons for this cracking; ii. State with reasons the

action you, as Second Engineer, would take in order to reduce the possibility of future cylinder cover cracking; B. Cylinder liner wear has increased appreciably during the past six months. Write a brief report to the engineering superintendent concerning this matter explaining the possible causes the immediate action taken to deal with the problem and the action you, as Second Engineer, intend to take in order to reduce the risk of future incidents.

OCTOBER 2013 Q1. A. Discuss the principal forces a large diesel engine crankshaft must withstand while in service and how the stresses resulting from these forces are kept within acceptable limits by good design

and operation criteria; B. Discuss the manner in which the crankshaft may be overstressed and the consequences arising there from. Q2. Sketch and describe a common rail fuel system as fitted to a diesel engine. How is delivery of the fuel controlled? Q3. A. Draw an “out of phase” diagram for a large 2-stroke slow speed cycle engine. Describe in detail the part of the cycle showing 011 tiles diagram. Using the diagram explains the effects of burning liable and low grade fuels (when fuel injection timing is not altered). Explain how good ignition and combustion can be obtained when using low grade fuel.

Q4. A. Sketch and describe a flywheel that would be fitted to a large marine diesel engine; B. Show in the sketches how it is fitted and secured. ; C. What is the purpose of the flywheel?

Recently some engine makers have considerably reduced the size of the flywheel. Explain how this can be done. Q5. With reference to medium speed engine cylinder lines - A. Explain the cause and effects of Polishing or glazing; B. Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring and explain how it is fitted in the liner; C. Explain the action of anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine. Q6. Discuss critically the following alternative types of main propelling machinery for installation in a proposed new ship - A. 2 stroke single acting cross head type slow speed engine; B. 4 stroke single acting with reverses / reduction gear. Q7. A. Sketch a Main Engine air starting system and describe how it operates. B. List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in such a system and state the purpose of each.

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Q8. Describe the cause and effect of thermal stressing in cylinder Heads, liners and pistons. Explain why thermal stressing is aggravated with increased cylinder bore. Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational practices

Q9. Describe how large slow speed two cycle engines are structured to withstand the following: A. Forces due to combustion loads; B. Guide forces; C. Inertia forces

SEPTEMBER 2013 Q1. Describe with the aid of sketches an arrangement for operating the fuel valve of a heavy oil engine. Explain how the timing is affected and the supply of fuel regulated to suit varying load. Q2: What is the difference between “pulse”, and “constant pressure” turbo-charging as applied to a compression ignition engine?

Sketch and describe one of these systems. What additional air

charging arrangements may be provided for use when the main engine is being started at low speeds? Q3. A. Compare the advantages of forged and built-up crankshafts with special reference to the magnitude of the stresses in the cranks; B. How would you check the deflections by means of a

dial gauge through one revolution of the shaft? C. How are the readings obtained interpreted? D. How wear is down measured? Q4. A. How is the cylinder lubricators fitted in a large marine diesel engine that has a water jacket? B. Where is the location of the lubricator outlet in relation to the piston rings on the piston? C. Why is this position necessary? Q5. A. What limits the power in a cylinder of a given size? B. State the results if an attempt to raise the power by injecting more fuel into the cylinder is made

Q6: Describe with reference to mechanical/hydraulic governors explain: A. Why fly weights are driven at a higher rotational speed than the engine. B. How dead band effects are reduced. C. How hunting Reduced. D. How the output torque is increased. Q7. With reference to medium speed engine cylinder lines - A. Explain the cause and effects of Polishing or glazing; B. Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring and explain how it is fitted in The liner; C. Explain the action of anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine. Q8. A. Define the essential conditions, which must be satisfied by the air supply for a pneumatic control system; B. Sketch a control air supply arrangement and give a reasoned explanation for positioning of dryers and filters. WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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Q9. Give a list of the properties or tests by which distillate and blended fuels may be specified or decisions be made on their fitness for use. Name the properties or constituents that may be found in a blended fuel having a high viscosity and high carbon content. Explain how they may cause problems in engine operation.

AUGUST 2013 Q1. With respect to diesel engine control and safety, answer the following A. How is governor different from an over speed trip; B. Explain with a sketch “speed droop” in a governor; C. Explain how load is transferred to an incoming generator explaining your actions with relation to the governor’s “droop line”. Q2. Explain why the following problems occur in turbocharger nozzles shrouds and blades, their effects on turbocharger operation and remedies - Deposits; B. Hot corrosion; C. Erosion. Q3. Discuss the precautions which can be taken to minimized the possibility of a diesel engine crank ease explosion and the transmission of dangerous flame into the machinery space – A. By design and equipment; B. By operating personnel

Q4. Enumerate the causes of vibration in diesel machinery and shafting. Describe procedures by which it may be reduced by operating personnel, suitable design and devices. State the possible effects of vibration on machinery and crewmembers. Q5. Name the factors an engine designer considers in the selection of the compression ratio for a compression migration engine. Give some examples of compression ratio values. Q6.A. State the various type of indicator diagrams that are used to assess engine performance; B. Specify the additional data needed in conjunction with these diagrams; C. explain how some

abnormalities in indicator diagrams can be traced to the indicator; D. Describe the precautions necessary to avoid indicator malfunctions. Q7. A. State, with reasons, THREE properties required of crankcase oil which is to be used for a trunk piston main engine; B. Explain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained from a trunk piston engine; C. Briefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil charge cannot immediately be replaced and analysis shows - (i) Water is present; (ii) Alkalinity has fallen; (iii) Viscosity has changed appreciably;

(iv) Carbon content has increased.

Q8. A. A number of main engine cylinder covers have been subjected to cracking during the preceding four months. Explain possible reasons for this cracking. (ii) State with reasons the action you, as Second Engineer, would take in order to reduce the possibility of future cylinder cover cracking; B. Cylinder liner wear WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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has increased appreciably during the past six months. Write a brief report to the engineering

superintendent concerning this matter explaining the possible causes the immediate action taken to deal with the problem and the action you, as Second Engineer, intend to take in order to reduce the risk of future incidents. Q9. A. Difficulty has been experienced in maintaining engine speed at the set value State THREE possible causes. State how each of these causes may be detected; B. Describe the action to be taken in order to ensure safe operation of the main engine plant in the event of complete failure of the remote control and sensing equipment.

JULY 2013 Q1. Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain. Describe the repair procedure following fracture of one chain link during operation of the engine. Give possible reasons for the failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension. Q2. With reference to piston rings - A. State with reasons the causes of breakage; B. State how

maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage; C. Explain the possible consequences with respect to performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings.

Q3. With respect to main boiler super heater arrangements - Compare the advantages and disadvantages of contra flow with parallel flow design Describe how the element tube banks are supported yet allow for expansion Describe how boiler carryover affects super heater effectiveness and condition. Q4. If a main engine piston seizes in its liner at sea and it is not possible to replace the unit, explain, in detail, what provisions are made in the engine, to enable the ship to reach port? Q5. Describe, with the aid of sketches, an arrangement for operating the fuel

pump of a heavy

oil engine, explaining how the timing is effected and the supply of fuel regulated to suit varying loads. Q6. With reference to mechanical/hydraulic governors explain: A. Why flyweights are driven at a higher rotational speed than the engine; B. How dead band effects are reduced; C. How hunting is reduced ; D. How the output torque is increased. Q7. With reference to medium speed engine cylinder lines: Explain the cause and effects of Polishing or glazing; A. Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring and explain how it is fitted in The liner; B. Explain the action of anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine.

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Q8. A. Define the essential conditions, which must be satisfied by the air supply for a pneumatic

control system; B. Sketch a control air supply arrangement and give a reasoned explanation for positioning of dryers and filters.

Q9. Give a list of the properties or tests by which distillate and blended fuels may be specified or decisions be made on their fitness for use. Name the properties or constituents that may be found in a blended fuel having a high viscosity and high carbon content. Explain how they may cause problems in engine operation.

JUNE 2013 Q1. A. Describe clearly how you would deal with a fire in the scavenge space of a marine diesel

engine; . Explain the cause of such fires and state the measures which can be taken to limit their occurrence?

Q2: Describe with the aid of sketches a turbocharger lubrication system; stating the type of bearing Q3. State with reasons the main causes of normal cylinder liner wear; State TWO forms of abnormal liner wear, explaining how EACH may be caused; Explain how cylinder liner wear may be kept within acceptable limit Q4.Give reasoned opinion as to the validity of the following - Hydraulic operation of fuel injectors is to be referred to mechanical operation; Combustion conditions within the cylinder are a good indication of injector condition; Inadequate fuel filtration is the principle cause of injector malfunction. Q5. Assume you are instructed to submit to superintendent engineer a complete set of indicator cards together with relevant data. Give full account of your work in taking the cards and preparing them for submission; Tabulate the data you forward, both that extracted from the cards and otherwise obtained. Giving typical figures from a large 2 stroke slow speed main propulsion unit. Q6. Recent experience has shown persistence damage occurring on seating faces of main engine exhaust valve, which is not confined to any particular unit; State with reason the possible causes; State the short term action to be taken in order to minimize engine operational problem; State with reason how future incident of this nature could be minimized Q7. Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil. Bacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship aboard which

you are serving as 2ndeng. Write a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intent to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidents. Q8. Misalignment of the main shafting between engine and propeller causes bearing overloads and shaft stress; State the difficulties associated with checking shaft alignment and the reasons why WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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results are unreliable due to external factors; Explain with a simple sketch how a bearing load is assessed; Explain how uneven loading could be rectified.

Q9. A. Sketch a Main Engine air starting system and describe how it operates; B. List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in such a system and state the purpose of each.

APRIL 2013 Q1. You have been appointed as Second Engineer to a new vessel that experiences severe aft

end vibration. The problem is thought to emanate from the propeller. Describe the cause of vibration and suggest possible remedies including the selection of a new propeller with a different number of blades. Q2. With reference to medium speed engine cylinder lines: Explain the cause and effects of Polishing or glazing; A. Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring and explain how it is fitted in The liner; B. Explain the action of anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine. Q3. A. Sketch a Main Engine air starting system and describe how it operates; B. List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in such a system and state the purpose of eache.

Q4. Define the cause and effect of thermal stresses in cylinder heads, liners and pistons; Explain why thermal stresses are aggravated with increase in cylinder bore. Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational Practices.

Q5. A. A set of indicator diagram including draw cards has been taken for a main diesel engine; examine critically, the following if the compression curve is normal - The maximum pressure is lower; The maximum pressure is higher; The expansion curve is lower; The expansion curve is higher; B. Describe how the faults as mentioned above can be rectified. Q6. With reference to auxiliary diesel engines, suggest probable causes that would create EACH of the following conditions and state how they would be rectified - Knocking; Loss of power; Loss of lubricating oil pressure Q7. With reference to large starting air receivers: Explain where corrosion is likely to occur and state why it occurs in these regions; State the how the incidence of corrosion in air receivers might be minimized; If serious corrosion is detected in a starting air receiver and that receiver must be used explain how you, as Second Engineer, would determine the maximum pressure to which the receiver should be subjected.

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Q8. With reference to diesel engines fitted on board ships, discuss – Sludge formation in lubricating oil systems, Role of additives in lubricating oils,Steps taken to ensure that treated oils are maintained

in their optimum condition, Adverse effects on bearing metal due to incompatibility of lubricating oil. Q9. Discuss the consequences of failure to maintain correct clearances in the case of main diesel engine crankshaft and bottom end bearings.

Sketch a bottom end bearing paying particular attention

to the arrangement of ensuring uninterrupted flow of oil to the top end bearing.

MARCH 2013 Q1.Describe with aid of sketches the following types of bedplates as used for a large I.C. engine; Bedplate cast in section; Fabricated steel Bedplate State the stresses to which these bedplates are subjected and explain how bedplates are secured to the hull of the ship.

Q2. Discuss the principal forces a large diesel engine crankshaft must withstand while in service and how the stresses resulting from these forces are kept within acceptable limits by good design and operation criteria. Q3. Sketch and describe a common rail fuel system as fitted to a diesel engine. How is delivery of the fuel controlled? Q4. Draw an “out of phase” diagram for a large 2-stroke slow speed cycle engine. Describe in detail the part of the cycle showing 011 tiles diagram; Using the diagram explains the effects of burning liable and low grade fuels (when fuel injection timing is not altere D. Explain how good ignition and combustion can be obtained when using low grade fuel. Q5. Sketch and describe the flywheel for a large diesel engine; State its purpose and indicate how it is fitted; State why a Flywheel can be made lighter on a large diesel engine. Q6: Explain why the use of residual fuels for the operation of large slow speed or of medium speed engines, may be responsible for the following problems with turbocharger nozzles, shrouds and blades and how in corrosion; C. Erosion

each, the problem may be minimized : - A. Build-up of deposits; B. Hot

Q7: Describe the method of setting the safety valves of an exhaust gas boiler at sea.State the limits in terms of %age above maximum design working pressure for setting safety valves. State the formality necessary when Chief engineer sets the safety valves. Q8. A. As 2nd Engineer describe the procedure involved in the complete inspection of a cylinder liner and piston assembly, indicating areas of significant interest. B. Explain with reasons possible faults which might be found. C. Suggest how such faults might be avoided.

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Q9. Describe in detail the causes and conditions that; A. Create an explosive atmosphere in a

crankcase. B. Initiate a primary explosion. C. Propagate a secondary explosion; State how hazardous conditions can be avoided.

FEBRUARY 2013 Q1 A. State FOUR operational conditions that may lead to vibration of the main transmission

shafting; B. Suggest methods to reduce the vibration levels that may occur in the main transmission shafting.

Q2. What limits the power in a cylinder of a given size? State the results if an attempt to raise the power by injecting more fuel into the cylinder is made Q3. With reference to mechanical/hydraulic governors explain: A. Why flyweights are driven at a higher rotational speed than the engine; B. How dead band effects are reduced; C. How hunting is reduced; D. How the output torque is increased. Q4. Describe clearly how you would deal with a fire in the scavenge space of a marine diesel engine; Explain the cause of such fires and state the measures which can be taken to limit their occurrence?

Q5: Describe with the aid of sketches a turbocharger lubrication system; stating the type of bearing Q6. State with reasons the main causes of normal cylinder liner wear; State TWO forms of abnormal liner wear, explaining how EACH may be caused; Explain how cylinder liner wear may be kept within acceptable limit Q7.Give reasoned opinion as to the validity of the following; Hydraulic operation of fuel injectors is to be referred to mechanical operation; Combustion conditions within the cylinder are a good indication of injector condition; Inadequate fuel filtration is the principle cause of injector malfunction. Q8. Explain in detail the main engine problem that may arise due to fuel catalytic fines and the best ship board practice that may be adopted to combat the problem.

JANUARY 2013

Q1. A, Describe four different methods for reducing Nox emissions from diesel engines; B. Distinguish between primary and secondary methods.

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Q2: A. State, with reasons, THREE properties required of crankcase oil which is to be used for a trunk piston main engine; B. Explain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained

from a trunk piston engine; C. Briefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil charge cannot immediately be replaced and analysis shows - (i) Water is present; (ii) Alkalinity has fallen; (iii) Viscosity has changed appreciably;

(iv) Carbon content has increased.

Q3. A. A number of main engine cylinder covers have been subjected to cracking during the preceding four months. (i) Explain possible reasons for this cracking.; (ii) State with reasons the action you, as Second

Engineer, would take in order to reduce the possibility of future cylinder cover cracking; B. Cylinder liner wear has increased appreciably during the past six months.

Write a brief report to the

engineering superintendent concerning this matter explaining the possible causes the immediate action taken to deal with the problem and the action you, as Second Engineer, intend to take in order to reduce the risk of future incidents.

Q4. A. Difficulty has been experienced in maintaining engine speed at the set value State THREE

possible causes. State how each of these causes may be detected; B. Describe the action to be taken in order to ensure safe operation of the main engine plant in the event of complete failure of the remote control and sensing equipment. Q5. With respect to diesel engine control and safety, answer the following A. How is governor different from an over speed trip; B. Explain with a sketch "speed droop" in a governor; C. Explain how load is transferred to an incoming generator explaining your actions with relation to the governor's "droop line". Q6:”What are the most influential physical characteristics required of the principle beatings for high speed, medium speed, and slow speed diesel engines? Write short notes on following - Tiling beating shells; Surface finish; Fluid film lubrication; Alignment. Q7. Describe with aid of sketches the following types of bedplates as used for a large I.C. engine: Bedplate cast in section; Fabricated steel Bedplate State the stresses to which these bedplates are subjected and explain how bedplates are secured to the hull of the ship. Q8. Discuss the principal forces a large diesel engine crankshaft must withstand while in service and how the stresses resulting from these forces are kept within acceptable limits by good design and operation criteria. Q9. Explain the modern methods of turbo charging available such as A. Pulse converter system; B. Sequential turbo charging; C. Two stage turbo charging; D. Variable geometry turbochargers.

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DECEMBER 2012

Q1. Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain. procedure following fracture of one chain link during operation of the engine.

Describe the repair

Give possible reasons

for the failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension. Q2. With reference to piston rings; A. State with reasons the causes of breakage; B. State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage; C. Explain the possible consequences with respect to performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings; D. Name a few recent developments with respect to their design & positioning Q3: Explain why the use of residual fuels for the operation of large slow speed or of medium speed engines, may be responsible for the following problems with turbocharger nozzles, shrouds and blades and how in corrosion; C. Erosion Q4.

each, the problem may be minimized : A. Build-up of deposits; B. Hot

Discuss the precautions which can be taken to minimized the possibility of a diesel engine

crank ease explosion and the transmission of dangerous flame into the machinery space – A. By design and equipment; B. By operating personnel Q5.Sketch and describe a system of control for maneuvering a main diesel engine from the bridge and show local control may be affected in case of breakdown of the system. Q6. Enumerate the causes of vibration in diesel machinery and shafting. Describe procedures by which it may be reduced by operating personnel, suitable design and devices. State the possible effects of vibration on machinery and crewmembers. Q7. Name the factors an engine designer considers in the selection of the compression ratio for a compression migration engine. Give some examples of compression ratio values. Q8.A. State the various type of indicator diagrams that are used to assess engine performance; B. Specify the additional data needed in conjunction with these diagrams; C. explain how some abnormalities in indicator diagrams can be traced to the indicator; D. Describe the precautions necessary to avoid indicator malfunctions. Q9. Define the cause and effect of thermal stresses in cylinder heads, liners and pistons. Explain why thermal stresses are aggravated with increase in cylinder bore. Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational Practices.

NOVEMBER 2012

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Q1: Explain why the use of residual fuels for the operation of large slow speed or of medium speed engines, may be responsible for the following problems with turbocharger nozzles, shrouds and blades and how in corrosion; C. Erosion.

each, the problem may be minimized : A. Build-up of deposits; B. Hot

Q2: Sketch and describe a pneumatic control system for controlling temperature of main engine lubricating oil outlet of the cooler and Explain why air supplied to the pneumatic control system

must be free from dust and water; Describe how above impurities are removed; State the consequences if the air supplied is contaminated

Q3: Describe the method of setting the safety valves of an exhaust gas boiler at sea.State the limits in terms of %age above maximum design working pressure for setting safety valves. State the formality necessary when Chief engineer sets the safety valves. Q4: A. As 2nd Engineer describe the procedure involved in the complete inspection of a cylinder liner and piston assembly, indicating areas of significant interest. B. Explain with reasons possible faults which might be found. C. Suggest how such faults might be avoided. Q5: Describe in detail the causes and conditions that; A. Create an explosive atmosphere in a crankcase. B. Initiate a primary explosion. C. Propagate a secondary explosion;State how hazardous conditions can be avoided. Q6.

A.

If an auxiliary diesel generator over-speeds and runs away while off the load, explain:

- How it can be stopped and what is likely to be the reasons for the failure? B.

Give-details

of what cheeks are made after the machine has been stopped: (i) Mechanically, (ii) Electrically.

Q7. During a routine crankcase inspection, a main engine top end bearing is found to be wiped and subsequent inspection shows that the pin is badly scored.

Q8. A. Sketch a Main Engine air starting system and describe how it operates; B. List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in such a system and state the purpose of each. Q9. Define the cause and effect of thermal stresses in cylinder heads, liners and pistons.

Explain

why thermal stresses are aggravated with increase in cylinder bore. Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational Practices.

SEPTEMBER 2012 Q1: Describe with reference to mechanical/hydraulic governors explain: A. Why fly weights are driven at a higher rotational speed than the engine; B. How dead band effects are reduced; C. How hunting Reduced; D. How the output torque is increased. WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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Q2. With reference to medium speed engine cylinder lines: Explain the cause and effects of Polishing or glazing;

A. Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring and explain how it is fitted in The liner; B. Explain the action of anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine. Q3. Discuss critically the following alternative types of main propelling machinery for installation in

a proposed new ship - 2 stroke single acting cross head type slow speed engine; 4 stroke single acting with reverses / reduction gear. Q4: A. Define the essential conditions, which must be satisfied by the air supply for a pneumatic control system. Sketch a control air supply arrangement and give a reasoned explanation for positioning of dryers and filters.

Q5. Give a list of the properties or tests by which distillate and blended fuels may be specified or decisions be made on their fitness for use. Name the properties or constituents that may be found in a blended fuel having a high viscosity and high carbon content. Explain how they may cause problems in engine operation. Q6: Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil. Bacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship aboard which

you are serving as 2ndeng. Write a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intent to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidents. Q7. Misalignment of the main shafting between engine and propeller causes bearing overloads and shaft stress. State the difficulties associated with checking shaft alignment and the reasons why results are unreliable due to external factors; Explain with a simple sketch how a bearing load is assessed.; Explain how uneven loading could be rectified.

Q8. Define the cause and effect of thermal stresses in cylinder heads, liners and pistons. Explain why thermal stresses are aggravated with increase in cylinder bore. Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational Practices. Q9. A. A set of indicator diagram including draw cards has been taken for a main diesel engine; examine critically, the following if the compression curve is normal - The maximum pressure is lower; The maximum pressure is higher; The expansion curve is lower; The expansion curve is higher; B. Describe how the faults as mentioned above can be rectified.

AUGUST 2012

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Q1. Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain. procedure following fracture of one chain link during operation of the engine.

Describe the repair

Give possible reasons

for the failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension. Q2. With reference to piston rings;

State with reasons the causes of breakage; State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage; Explain the possible consequences with respect to performance and safety of

operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings; Name a few recent developments with respect to their design & positioning

Q3. With respect to main boiler super heater arrangements: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of contra flow with parallel flow design Describe how

the element tube banks are supported yet allow for expansion Describe how boiler carryover affects super heater effectiveness and condition.

Q4. It is noted in engines burning heavy fuel that the top of the piston crown may waste and gradually burn away.

What is done to rectify this condition?

Q5. If a main engine piston seizes in its liner at sea and it is not possible to replace the unit, explain, in detail, what provisions are made in the engine, to enable the ship to reach port? Q6. Describe, with the aid of sketches, an arrangement for operating the fuel valve of a heavy oil engine, explaining how the timing is effected and the supply of fuel regulated to suit varying loads. Q7. What is the difference between “pulse”, and “constant pressure” turbo-charging as applied to a compression ignition engine?

Sketch and describe one of these systems.

What additional air

charging arrangements may be provided for use when the main engine is being started at low speeds? Q8. With the aid of a block diagram describe the operation of an electronic governor for an internal combustion engine; State THREE problems to which such a governor is prone and explain how EACH becomes evident;

In the event of the governor on a direct drive engine becoming inoperative

state the action you, as Second Engineer, would take in order to ensure safe operation of the engine. Q9. Sketch and describe the motor of a turbe-charge ashowing the gloands arilized to ensure air and gas tightness. Discuss the consideration may break down in seawage

leating of suitable motor bearings, how the bearings

JULY 2012 Q1. Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil. WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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Bacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship

aboard which you are serving as 2ndeng. Write a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intent to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidents.

Q2. Misalignment of the main shafting between engine and propeller causes bearing overloads and

shaft stress. State the difficulties associated with checking shaft alignment and the reasons why results are unreliable due to external factors; Explain with a simple sketch how a bearing load is assessed; Explain how uneven loading could be rectified. Q3. A. Sketch a Main Engine air starting system and describe how it operates; B. List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in such a system and state the purpose of each.

Q4. Define the cause and effect of thermal stresses in cylinder heads, liners and pistons; Explain why thermal stresses are aggravated with increase in cylinder bore. Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational Practices. Q5. A. A set of indicator diagram including draw cards has been taken for a main diesel engine; examine critically, the following if the compression curve is normal - The maximum pressure is lower; The maximum pressure is higher; The expansion curve is lower; The expansion curve is higher; B. Describe how the faults as mentioned above can be rectified.

Q6. A. A number of main engine cylinder covers have been subjected to cracking during the preceding four months. Explain possible reasons for this cracking; State with reasons the action you, as Second Engineer, would take in order to reduce the possibility of future cylinder cover cracking; Cylinder liner wear has increased appreciably during the past six months.

Write a brief report to the engineering

superintendent concerning this matter explaining the possible causes the immediate action taken to deal with the problem and the action you, as Second Engineer, intend to take in order to reduce the risk of future incidents. Q7. A. Difficulty has been experienced in maintaining engine speed at the set value State THREE possible causes. State how each of these causes may be detected. B. Describe the action to be taken in order to ensure safe operation of the main engine plant in the event of complete failure of the remote control and sensing equipment. Q8.

A.

If an auxiliary diesel generator over-speeds and runs away while off the load, explain:

- How it can be stopped.; What is likely to be the reasons for the failure? B. Give-details of what cheeks are made after the machine has been stopped: (i) Mechanically, (ii) Electrically. Q9. With reference to main engine stalling and reversing: Define the function of air distributors; Give reasons why air distributors are not fitted to some large direct reversing engines.

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JUNE 2012 Q1. With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed four stroke engines: Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating conditions; Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure; Describe, as Second Engineer, your strategy for preventing bolt failure. Q2. With reference to crankcase diaphragm glands Explain why effectiveness deteriorates in service Describe the procedure for renewal of parts so that efficiency is restored; Describe how effectiveness is restored if spares are unavailable; Explain the functions of the upper, and lower sections.

Q3. Whilst operating in heavy weather the main engine loses power and misfires. Investigation shows considerable quantities of water in the fuel. A. State, with reasons, the immediate action you as Second Engineer would take to ensure the safe operation of the main engine; B. State, with reasons, the possible place where water could enter the fuel system; C. State, with reasons, the standing instructions you as Second Engineer

would issue with respect to the operation of the fuel system in order to prevent major problems due to water in the fuel.

Q4. With reference to piston rings; State with reasons the causes of breakage; State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage; Explain the possible consequences with respect to performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings; Name a few recent developments with respect to their design & positioning Q5. With respect to main boiler super heater arrangements: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of contra flow with parallel flow design Describe how the element tube banks are supported yet allow for expansion Describe how boiler carryover affects super heater effectiveness and condition. Q6. It is noted in engines burning heavy fuel that the top of the piston crown may waste and gradually burn away.

What is done to rectify this condition?

Q7. If a main engine piston seizes in its liner at sea and it is not possible to replace the unit, explain, in detail, what provisions are made in the engine, to enable the ship to reach port? Q8. A. If ail auxiliary diesel generator over-speeds and runs away while off the load, explain: - How it can be stopped; What is likely to be the reasons for the failure?; B. Give-details of what cheeks are made after the machine has been stopped: (i) Mechanically, (ii) Electrically. Q9. With reference to main engine stalling and reversing: Define the function of air distributors. Give reasons why air distributors are not fitted to some large direct reversing engines. WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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APRIL 2012 Q1. You have been appointed as Second Engineer to a new vessel that experiences severe aft

end vibration. The problem is thought to emanate from the propeller. Describe the cause of vibration and suggest possible remedies including the selection of a new propeller with a different number of blades.

Q2. With reference to medium speed engine cylinder lines: Explain the cause and effects of Polishing or glazing;

A. Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring and explain how it is fitted in The liner; B. Explain the action of anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine. Q3. Discuss critically the following alternative types of main propelling machinery for installation in a proposed new ship - 2 stroke single acting cross head type slow speed engine; 4 stroke single acting with reverses / reduction gear.

Q4. A. Sketch a Main Engine air starting system and describe how it operates; B. List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in such a system and state the purpose of each.

Q5. Define the cause and effect of thermal stresses in cylinder heads, liners and pistons. Explain why thermal stresses are aggravated with increase in cylinder bore. Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational Practices. Q6. A. Describe with sketches a scroll type fuel pump; B. Explain how the quantity of fuel is metered and how the governor cut out functions; C. State how this type of pump is set after overhaul; D. State the reasons that necessitate pump overhaul Q7. Describe how large slow speed two cycle engines are structured to withstand the following Forces due to combustion loads; Guide forces; Inertia forces Q8.Describe three ways in which each of the following defects would reveal itself during full power operation of an engine - Cracked liner, Defective fuel valve. Overheated bottom end bearing, Inefficient turbocharger Q9. It is discovered that delivery of air from a turbocharger has fallen even though engine fuel control has not been changed. State with reasons - The causes of such reduced delivery; The effects of this reduced air supply on the engine; The immediate action to be taken; How future incidents might be minimized.

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Q1. Give that ignition quality of fuels bunkered at different may way State how variation of fuel quality may be deter during dieting engine operation; Describe a fuel pump arrangement, which will adjustment to compensate for variation of fuel quality; Explain the possible consequence of using fuel with good ignition quality without compensation. Q2. Explain with the aid of sketches, the cycle of operation of either a free pistons or an open

cycle gas turbine installation. Discuss is advantages and limitations as the main means of propulsion on a ship as compared to conventional marine machinery. Q3. With the aid of a black diagram describe the operation of an electronic governor fitted to an auxiliary diesel engine; An engine fitted with an electronic governor during load changes. Explain the possible causes.

Q4. Make a diagrammatic sketch of one unit of sulzer engine of the cross head type showing the arrangement of the cylinder ports. Describe briefly the arrangement and explain how scavenging is affected Q5. Sketch and describe the motor of a turbe-charge ashowing the gloands realized to ensure air

and gas tightness. Discuss the considernating may break down in sewr Q6.

leating of suitable motor bearings, how the bearings

Discuss the importance of correct cylinder lubrication in a large diesel engine, explaining the

possible consequences of both over and under lubrication.

Describe the qualities required in a

cylinder lubricant for use in an engine burning high viscosity (heavy) fuel oil.

Comment on the

timing of the injection of the lubricant in relation to the working cycle of the engine. Changes, if

any, in the quality of the cylinder lubricating oil used for a large arrange diesel engine, with the imposition of Annex IV of MARPOL

Q7. With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed four stroke engines - Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating conditions; Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure; Describe, as Second Engineer, your strategy for preventing bolt failure. Q8. Define the term fatigue as applied to engineering components. Explain how fatigue failure is influenced by the presence of slag in welds; Define the term residual stress and explain how this can influence the fatigue life of a component; During a crankcase inspection a crack has been discovered in the lower section of a bed plate transverse girder. Explain the action you, as Chief Engineer, would take to ensure safe operation the engine if facilities to repair the damage were not immediately available. Q9. A. A number of main engine cylinder covers have been subjected to cracking during the preceding four months.

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Explain possible reasons for this cracking; State with reasons the action you, as Second Engineer,

would take in order to reduce the possibility of future cylinder cover cracking; Cylinder liner wear has increased appreciably during the past six months.

Write a brief report to the engineering

superintendent concerning this matter explaining the possible causes the immediate action taken to deal with the problem and the action you, as Second Engineer, intend to take in order to reduce the risk of future incidents.

FEBRUARY 2012 Q1. Describe how each of the following procedure may be accomplished by bridge control equipment for a direct reversing 2 stroke diesel engine - Setting the direction of rotation; Starting; Controlling speed

Q2. With reference to auxiliary diesel engines, suggest probable causes that would create EACH of the following conditions and state how they would be rectified - Knocking; Loss of power; Loss of lubricating oil pressure Q3. With reference to large starting air receivers: Explain where corrosion is likely to occur and state why it occurs in these regions; State the how the incidence of corrosion in air receivers might be minimized; If serious corrosion is detected in a starting air receiver and that receiver must be used explain how you, as Second Engineer, would determine the maximum pressure to which the receiver should be subjected. Q4. With reference to diesel engines fitted on board ships, discuss – Sludge formation in lubricating oil systems, Role of additives in lubricating oils, Steps taken to ensure that treated oils are maintained in their optimum condition, Adverse effects on bearing metal due to incompatibility of lubricating oil.

Q5. Give a reasoned explanation why some marine diesel engines might continue to run ahead on the astern cams following a reversal of the controls. Sketch and describe an arrangement designed to prevent this happening. Q6. Discuss the consequences of failure to maintain correct clearances in the case of main diesel engine crankshaft and bottom end bearings.

Sketch a bottom end bearing paying particular attention

to the arrangement of ensuring uninterrupted flow of oil to the top end bearing. Q7. Severe engine vibration has recently become evident when the main engine for which you are responsible operates within a certain speed range - State, with reasons, the possible causes of such vibration; State the consequences of operating the engine under such vibratory conditions; Describe the procedure you. As Second Engineer, would implement in order to investigate and rectify the problem. WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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Q8.Sketch the profiles of cams for each of the following duties, stating the type of engine concerned

and giving reasons in each case for the particular profile shown - Jerk type fuel pump; Exhaust valve; Mechanically operated fuel valve; Starting air valve.

JANUARY 2012 Q1. You have been appointed as Second Engineer to a new vessel that experiences severe aft

end vibration. The problem is thought to emanate from the propeller. Describe the cause of vibration and suggest possible remedies including the selection of a new propeller with a different number of blades. Q2. With reference to medium speed engine cylinder lines: Explain the cause and effects of Polishing or glazing;

A. Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring and explain how it is fitted in the liner; B. Explain the action of anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine.

Q3. Discuss critically the following alternative types of main propelling machinery for installation in a proposed new ship. 2stroke single acting cross head type slow speed engine. 4stroke single acting with reverses / reduction gear. Q4. A. Sketch a Main Engine air starting system and describe how it operates; B. List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in such a system and state the purpose of cache. Q5. Define the cause and effect of thermal stresses in cylinder heads, liners and pistons; Explain why thermal stresses are aggravated with increase in cylinder bore. Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational Practices. Q6. A. A set of indicator diagram including draw cards has been taken for a main diesel engine, examine critically, the following if the compression curve is normal - The maximum pressure is lower; The maximum pressure is higher; The expansion curve is lower; The expansion curve is higher; Describe how the faults as mentioned above can be rectified. Q7. A. With respect to Diesel Engines, describe the cause of Piston rings that is too tight in the piston grooves; Corrosion of piston rings; Piston grooves that are worn; Piston rings that is too slack with piston grooves; Describe the effect of each of the faults listed above and the remedial action for each. Q8. A. Describe the precaution necessary during the initial running-in of an Auxiliary Engine run on which is newly installed or has a major overhaul. B. Explain the possible causes of oxidation of lubricating oil.C. State the frequency with which oil samples should be taken for analysis. Q9. With reference to turbochargers. WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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Explain how corrosion can occur on the gas side of a turbocharger casing; Describe the process

and safeguards necessary when water washing the air side; Explain the possible disadvantage of water washing the gas side.

DECEMBER 2011 Q1. Many modern turbochargers use sleeve type bearings for rotor support. Explain the reasons for their preference over the rolling contact bearings; With a sketch describe

the lubricating system provided for this type; In a turbocharger with integral type of bearings, describe the procedure for renewing the bearings.

Q2. Main engine fuel injection system required a lot of attention to ensure optimum performance. As the Chief engineer of a 15 year old vessel which has receatly been bought by your company you have found that the main engine fuel system had been poorly maintained. Explain the steps

you will take to ensure good standards are brought back. Your answer should be comprehensive, starting from ordering of bunkers. Q3. With reference to U.M.S. operation: State with reasons the essential requirements for unattended machinery spaces; As Chief Engineer, describe how you would respond to the irretrievable failure of the machinery space fire alarm system whilst the ship is on voyage. Q4. With reference to piston rings; State with reasons the causes of breakage; State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage; Explain the possible consequences with respect to performance and safety of

operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings; Name a few recent developments with respect to their design & positioning Q5. With respect to main boiler super heater arrangements: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of contra flow with parallel flow design Describe how the element tube banks are supported yet allow for expansion Describe how boiler carryover affects super heater effectiveness and condition. Q6. It is noted in engines burning heavy fuel that the top of the piston crown may waste and gradually burn away.

What is done to rectify this condition?

Q7. A. Explain how static and dynamic imbalance of crankshafts can be overcome. B. Discuss the methods employed to obtain primary, reciprocating balance in an engine and plain why they are not completely successful. C. Describe engine additions which may be fitted to overcome problems resulting from primary or secondary imbalance. WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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Q8. A. State, with reasons FOUR possible causes of an engine failing to turn over engine control is moved to the start position.

B. Explain how the cause of an engine failing to turn over on air

may be traced. C. Explain how local manual is achieved in the event of failure of the remote

control system fitted to a marine diesel engine. D. State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine. Q9. Discuss the importance of correct cylinder lubrication in a large diesel engine, explaining the possible consequences of both over and under lubrication.

Describe the qualities required in a

cylinder lubricant for use in an engine burning high viscosity (heavy) fuel oil.

Comment on the

timing of the injection of the lubricant in relation to the working cycle of the engine.

Changes, if any, in the quality of the cylinder lubricating oil used for a large arrange desel engine, with the imposition of Annex IV of MARPOL.

NOVEMBER 2011 Q1. Describe the procedure in lining up an engine bedplate, main bearings, gear box, thrust block, propeller shafting and tail-end shaft, assuming this to be a new ship.

Q2. Sketch and describe a fuel injector for a diesel engine; State four parameter that indicate fuel injectors require immediate overhaul. Q3. It has been found necessary to completely replenish all of the oil in the lubricating system of a large motor ship. (Or steam turbine ship). As chief engineer write a detailed report to the Superintendent Engineer justifying this heavy expenditure, the expediencies required to prevent further trouble during the voyage, and suggestions for permanent measures to avoid recurrence of the initial problem. Q4. Compare the advantages of forged and built-up crankshafts with special reference to the magnitude of the stresses in the cranks; How would you check the deflections by means of a dial gauge through one revolution of the shaft? How are the readings obtained interpreted? How wear is down measured? Q5. Why are fuel pump near injectors. If lines are unequal how do you balance? Q6. How is the cylinder lubricators fitted in a large marine diesel engine that has a water jacket?;Where is the location of the lubricator outlet in relation to the piston rings on the piston?; Why is this position necessary? Q7. What limits the power in a cylinder of a given size? State the results if an attempt to raise the power by injecting more fuel into the cylinder is made WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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Q8. Sketch and describe a reversing system suitable for a set of H.F.O Engines (slow speeD. Q9. Sketch and describe a flywheel that would be fitted to a large marine diesel engine. Show in the sketches how it is fitted and secured. What is the purpose of the flywheel? Recently some engine makers have considerably reduced the size of the flywheel. Explain how this can be done.

OCTOBER 2011 Q1. Explain why the following problems occur in turbocharger nozzles shrouds and blades, their effects on turbocharger operation and remedies - Deposits; B. Hot corrosion; C. Erosion.

Q2. The fuel consumption of your ship suddenly increases for no apparent reason, Describe how you would investigate the problem and deal with it.

Q3. It has been found that during recent periods of manoeuvring a number of air start value bursting discs or cones have failed - Explain the possible reasons for this; Indolent how the actual cause might be; Detected; Q4.

Rectified

Discuss the precautions which can be taken to minimized the possibility of a diesel engine

crank ease explosion and the transmission of dangerous flame into the machinery space – A. By design and equipment; B. By operating personnel

Q5. Sketch and describe a system of control for manoeuvring a main diesel engine from the bridge and show how local control may be effected in case of breakdown of the system. Q6. Enumerate the causes of vibration in diesel machinery and shafting. Describe procedures by which it may be reduced by operating

personnel, suitable design and devices. State the possible

effects of vibration on machinery and crewmembers. Q7. Name the factors an engine designer considers in the selection of the compression ratio for a compression migration engine. Give some examples of compression ratio values. Q8. A. same the various type f indicator diagrams that are used to assess engine performance; B. Specify the additional data needed in conjunction with these diagrams; C. explain how some abnormalities in indicator diagrams can be traced to the indicator; D. Describe the precautions necessary to avoid indicator malfunctions. Q9. Give a reasoned opinion as to the accuracy of the following assertions: Absence of oil grooves in the liner wall between

the oil supply points results in increased wear

of liner and rings. Timed lubrication has little merit

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The most suitable position of the oil supply point is immediately below the bottom piston ring with the piston at top dead centre.

SEPTEMBER 2011 Q1. Give a list of the properties or tests by which distillate and blended fuels may be specified or decisions be made on their fitness for use. Name the properties or constituents that may be found in a blended fuel having a high viscosity and high carbon content. Explain how they may cause problems in engine operation.

Q2. A. Outline the possible events leading to an explosion in the crankcase of a diesel engine; B. Describe, with the aid of a sketch, the operation of a mist detector. C. State how overheating might be indicated other than by a mist detector; D. Explain how the severity of a crankcase explosion

is limited; E. State the standing orders you as Chief Engineer would issue in the event of the mist detector alarm actuating. Q3. A. State how a cylinder liner is checked for wear?

B. What types of wear takes place in a cylinder liner? place& why?

How these measurements are recorded?; Where does the maximum wear take

Q4. A. Sketch the profiles of ahead and astern cams for a main engine fuel injector; B. Show, using a simple sketch, how the cams are mounted on the shaft? Q5. As second engineer you have been requested to obtain a set of indicator card Diagram) from the large slow speed engine of a recently purchased second hand ship Describe your initial checks and preparations. State with reason the types of card you would consider necessary and explain the procedure for obtaining these. State in order of importance the additional information required

with the card State your procedure for analysis of the cards and obtaining cylinder power State the procedure for Power calculation and Fault diagnosis Q6. W.R.T. Turbo Charging system of an engine State the parameter that you would check while taking over watch; Give specimen figures for the above from the lasts motor ship on which you have severed ; Action to be taken in the event of T\C vibrating abnormally Q7. Sketch and describe a fuel injector for a diesel engine. State four parameter that indicate fuel injectors require immediate overhaul. Q8. Describe the process of replacing the cylinder liner in an auxiliary engine. How is water tightness ensured and what precautions are taken before commissioning the engine?

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Q9. What are the causes for engine-room fires and what action can be taken by the watch keeper when a vessel is in port Both before commencing a voyage and following ‘finished with engines’),

to minimize their occurrence? Describe with the aid of sketches, any devices provided to limit the spread of such fire.

AUGUST 2011 Q1. Describe the procedure in lining up an engine bedplate, main bearings, gear box, thrust block, propeller shafting and tail-end shaft, assuming this to be a new ship.

Q2.Sketch and describe a fuel meter used with high viscosity fuel. Explain how it operates. Explain the value of the readings obtained and how they are used. Q3. It has been found necessary to completely replenish all of the oil in the lubricating system of a large motor ship. (Or steam turbine ship). As chief engineer write a detailed report to the

Superintendent Engineer justifying this heavy expenditure, the expediencies required to prevent further trouble during the voyage, and suggestions for permanent measures to avoid recurrence of the initial problem.

Q4. Compare the advantages of forged and built-up crankshafts with special reference to the magnitude of the stresses in the cranks. How would you check the deflections by means of a dial gauge through one revolution of the shaft? How are the readings obtained interpreted? How wear is down measured? Q5. Why are fuel pump near injectors. If lines are unequal how do you balance? Q6. How is the cylinder lubricators fitted in a large marine diesel engine that has a water

jacket? Where is the location of the lubricator outlet in relation to the piston rings on the piston? Why is this position necessary? Q7. What limits the power in a cylinder of a given size? State the results if an attempt to raise the power by injecting more fuel into the cylinder is made Q8. Sketch and describe a reversing system suitable for a set of H.F.O Engines (slow speeD. Q9. Sketch and describe a flywheel that would be fitted to a large marine diesel engine. Show in the sketches how it is fitted and secured. What is the purpose of the flywheel? Recently some engine makers have considerably reduced the size of the flywheel. Explain how this can be done.

JULY 2011

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Q1: During a river passage the propeller of a light ship is rotating at dead show revolutions ahead when it strikes a large floating object causing a momentary drop in engine revolutions.

As the

Second Engineer of the vessel describe in report format, the inspection of the vessel’s propulsion and transmission system that you would supervise to ensure that is safe for the vessel to continue in voyage.

Assume that the vessel is anchored and that no outside assistance is available.

Q2:With reference to piston rings - State with reasons the causes of breakage; State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage; Explain the possible consequences with respect to performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings.

Q3.With respect to main boiler super heater arrangements - Compare the advantages and disadvantages of contra flow with parallel flow design Describe how the element tube banks are

supported yet allow for expansion Describe how boiler carryover affects super heater effectiveness and condition. Q4: It is noted in engines burning heavy fuel that the top of the piston crown may waste and gradually burn away.

What is done to rectify this condition?

Q5: If a main engine piston seizes in its liner at sea and it is not possible to replace the unit, explain, in detail, what provisions are made in the engine, to enable the ship to reach port?

Q6: Describe with the aid of sketches an arrangement for operating the fuel valve of a heavy oil engine.Explain how the timing is affected and the supply of fuel regulated to suit varying load. Q7: What is the difference between “pulse”, and “constant pressure” turbo-charging as applied to a compression ignition engine?

Sketch and describe one of these systems.

What additional air

charging arrangements may be provided for use when the main engine is being started at low speeds?

Q8:An Auxiliary engine exhibits a tendency to hum to such an extent that the engine speed variation prohibits the connection of the machine to the switch board. A. Discuss the possible causes of hunting; B. Explain how the problem of hunting can be rectified. Q9: Sketch and describe the arrangement of a main engine camshaft chain. procedure following fracture of one chain link during operation of the engine.

Describe the repair Give possible reasons

for the failure and explain how the chain is set initially at the correct degree of tension.

JUNE 2011 Q1: Explain why the use of residual fuels for the operation of large slow speed or of medium speed engines, may be responsible for the following problems with turbocharger nozzles, shrouds and blades and how in

each, the problem may be minimized

- A. Build up of deposits; B. Hot

corrosion; C. Erosion. WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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Q2: Sketch and describe a pneumatic control system for controlling temperature of main engine lubricating oil outlet of the cooler and Explain why air supplied to the pneumatic control system

must be free from dust and water; Describe how above impurities are removed; State the consequences if the air supplied is contaminated Q3: Describe the method of setting the safety valves of an exhaust gas boiler at sea.State the limits in terms of %age above maximum design working pressure for setting safety valves. State the formality necessary when Chief engineer sets the safety valves. Q4: A. As 2nd Engineer describe the procedure involved in the complete inspection of a cylinder liner and piston assembly, indicating areas of significant interest. B. Explain with reasons possible faults which might be found. C. Suggest how such faults might be avoided.

Q5: Describe in detail the causes and conditions that; A. Create an explosive atmosphere in a crankcase. B. Initiate a primary explosion. C. Propagate a secondary explosion; State how hazardous conditions can be avoided. Q6: With reference to tensional vibrations in a main propulsion installation based on medium speed engines, gearbox and controllable pitch propeller: Explain how the vibrations may be caused; State

the possible effects and damage that could result; Discuss the methods employed to minims the potential problems associate with tensional vibration; Describe how the nature vibration frequency of the system could be modified. Q7: In the case of main propulsion engine explain the indications and possible effects which might to expected from- A. Insufficient bearing clearances; B. Excessive bearing clearances; C.Crankshaft misalignment Q8: Consideration has been given to running diesel machinery UMS at night. Describe the modification and additional apparatus which would be necessary before this could be achieved with reasonable safety. Q9: With reference to large starting air receivers - Explain where corrosion is likely to occur and state why it occurs in these regions; State the how the incidence of corrosion in air receivers might be minimized; If serious corrosion is detected in a starting air receiver and that receiver must be used explain how you, as Second Engineer, would determine the maximum pressure to which the receiver should be subjected.

APRIL 2011 Q1. As second engineer you have been requested to obtain a set of indicator card Diagram) from the large slow speed engine of a recently purchased second hand ship Describe your initial checks and preparations WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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State with reason the types of card you would consider necessary and explain the procedure for obtaining these. State in order of importance the additional information required with the card State

your procedure for analysis of the cards and obtaining cylinder power State the procedure for Power calculation and Fault diagnosis Q2: Write a report to your company’s Superintendent Engineer outlining the breakdown of a diesel generator engine and suggest remedial measures to prevent a recurrence of similar trouble. Q3: Describe the causes and effects of bacterial attack on diesel engine lubricating oil. Bacterial activity has been detected in the lubricating oil of the main engine fitted in the ship aboard which

you are serving as 2ndeng. Write a letter to the owner operator of the ship indicating the action you intent to take and offer suggestion to the avoidance of future incidents.

Q4: Explain why when surging occurs the speed off the turbocharger is seen to change slightly; Give examples of defects likely to result in surging; Explain in simple terms what occurs in a turbocharger and the diesel engine us speed / power increases, and base on this an explanation of what matching turbocharger with an engine implies; State the advantage of fitting uncoiled turbochargers.

Q5: A. Describe briefly the operation of an electrical or hydraulic main engine governor; B. For the type described indicate how failure can occur and the action to be taken if immediate correction cannot be achieved and the engine must be operated. Q6. With reverse

reference to a particular make of main propulsion unit, describe how the engine is manually and discuss the problems involved and the safety precautions which would be

required if the control were operated remote from the machinery space. Q7: A. Describe the precaution necessary during the initial running-in of an Auxiliary Engine run on which is newly installed or has a major overhaul. B. Explain the possible causes of oxidation of lubricating oil.C. State the frequency with which oil samples should be taken for analysis. Q8: With reference to main engine tie rod explain; Function; Effect on main engine in case slack; Identifying slackness; Material; Tightening procedure. Q9. A. With respect to Diesel Engines, describe the cause of; Piston rings that is too tight in the piston grooves; Corrosion of piston rings; Piston grooves that are worn; Piston rings that is too slack with piston grooves. B. Describe the effect of each of the faults listed above and the remedial action for each.

MARCH 2011 Q1. A. Describe with aid of sketches, a turbocharger bearing lubrication system, stating the type of bearing employed and explaining the advantages and disadvantages of the lubricating system WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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described. B. One of the turbochargers of the main engine on the vessel aboard which you are

serving as second engineer has suffered a sudden and unexpected failure. Write a letter to the ship owner/operator concerning the incident and stating the action taken in bringing the turbocharger back into service. Q2. You have been appointed as the Second Engineer of an eight years old vessel, recently purchased by your shipping company.

Give details of the inspection you will carry out of the main

propulsion machinery to ensure its trouble free operation. Q3. Express your reactions and state the subsequent investigation you would make if a laboratory

report on a used diesel engine oil sample indicated the presence of appreciable amounts of:- A. Iron; B. Copper, antimony and tin; C. Silicon.

Q4. As second engineer you have been requested to obtain a set of indicator card Diagram) from the large slow speed engine of a recently purchased second hand ship Describe your initial checks and preparations State with reason the types of card you would consider necessary and explain the procedure for obtaining these. State in order of importance the additional information required with the card State your procedure for analysis of the cards and obtaining cylinder power State the procedure for Power calculation and Fault diagnosis Q5. List the principal main engine spares you would require for an ocean going motor-ship fitted with a six-cylinder two-stroke engine burning heavy oil and explain the reasons for your stipulations. Q6. Sketch and describe a system of control for manoeuvring a main diesel engine from the bridge and show how local control may be effected in case of breakdown of the system.

Q7. A. Explain the term Variable Injection Timing (VIT) when applied to fuel pumps and state why

a change in timing of fuel injection may be required.; B. Describe, with the aid of sketches a VIT fuel pump and explain how the change in trimming is achieved whilst the pump is in operation; C. Explain how it may be determined that individual fuel pumps are injecting the correct quantity of fuel with the correct timing at a particular pump setting. Q8. A diesel generator when fitted in a machinery space which is periodically unmanned may be equipped with monitoring alarms of the exhaust temperatures. Discuss the relative merits of; Individual cylinder maximum temperature alarms; Individual cylinder maximum and minimum temperature alarms; Individual cylinder maximum temperature alarm and an alarm for any two cylinder exhaust temperatures deviating more than 35°C. Explain how arrangement can be provided for. Q9. With reference to crankshafts, explain EACH of the following - The cause and effects of torsional vibration; The term critical speed indicating why it can be a problem; The term fatigue cracking and state, with reasons, TWI factors of crankshaft operation which have greatest influence

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on the likelihood of fatigue cracking; How a torsional vibration damper can reduce the effects of torsional vibration.

FEBRUARY 2011

Q1. A. State, with reasons, FOUR possible causes of a propulsion engine failing to start when operating on bridge control; B.

Explain how the causes stated in A. may be determined; C. Explain

the procedure for changing over to local control in the event of failure of the remote control system of a marine diesel propulsion engine.D. State the procedure involved in achieving manual reversal of a marine diesel engine. Q2: A. Define the essential conditions, which must be satisfied by the air supply for a pneumatic control system; Sketch a control air supply arrangement and give a reasoned explanation for positioning of dryers and filters.

Q3: Give a list of the properties or tests by which distillate and blended fuels may be specified or decisions be made on their fitness for use. Name the properties or constituents that may be found

in a blended fuel having a high viscosity and high carbon content. Explain how they may cause problems in engine operation. Q4: Discuss the consequences of failure to maintain correct clearances in the case of main diesel engine crankshaft and bottom end bearings.

Sketch a bottom end bearing paying particular attention

to the arrangement of ensuring uninterrupted flow of oil to the top end bearing. Q5:

With reference to recent ratification of MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI, ships with be required to

burn low sulphur (4.5%) fuel oil.

Discuss the properties of cylinder liner lubricant for compatibility

with this type of fuel and the on board management of operating the engines with two different types of fuel for main engine. Q6. With reference to fouling on the gas side of turbochargers, state: What are the common causes and nature of the deposits? B. How it effects engine operation? C. How it is reduced in practice? D. How heavy fouling can be avoided? Q7. A. Describe with the aid of a sketch, the arrangement of valves and passages for a four stroke engine cylinder head, listing materials used. With reference to [a] indicate where cracking might be expected stating the likely cause. Explain the different factors that tend to cause distortion of 4stroke cylinder head. Explain how the effects described in [c] are minimized. Q8. With reference to tensional vibrations in a main propulsion installation based on medium speed engines, gearbox and controllable pitch propeller: WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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Explain how the vibrations may be caused; State the possible effects and damage that could result; Discuss the methods employed to minims the potential problems associate with tensional vibration; Describe how the nature vibration frequency of the system could be modified.

Q9.As second engineer you have been requested to obtain a set of indicator card Diagram) from

the large slow speed engine of a recently purchased second hand ship Describe your initial checks and preparations State with reason the types of card you would consider necessary and explain the procedure for

obtaining these. State in order of importance the additional information required with the card State

your procedure for analysis of the cards and obtaining cylinder power State the procedure for Power calculation and Fault diagnosis

JANUARY 2011 Q1: With reference to medium speed engine cylinder lines: Explain the cause and effects of Polishing or glazing; A. Describe, with the aid of sketches, an anti-polishing ring and explain how it is fitted in The liner; B. Explain the action of anti-polishing ring during the operation of the engine. Q2: A. Sketch a Main Engine air starting system and describe how it operates; B. List the safety devices and interlocks incorporated in such a system and state the purpose of catch. Q3: A. A set of indicator diagram including draw cards has been taken for a main diesel engine, examine critically, the following if the compression curve is normal.

The maximum pressure is lower; The maximum pressure is higher; The expansion curve is lower; The expansion curve is higher; B. Describe how the faults as mentioned above can be rectified. Q4. You have been appointed as Second Engineer to a new vessel that experiences severe aft end vibration. The problem is thought to emanate from the propeller. Describe the cause of vibration and suggest possible remedies including the selection of a new propeller with a different number of blades. Q5. Discuss critically the following alternative types of main propelling machinery for installation in a proposed new ship. 2stroke single acting cross head type slow speed engine. 4stroke single acting with reverses / reduction gear. Q6. Describe the cause and effect of thermal stressing in cylinder Heads, liners and pistons. Explain why thermal stressing is aggravated with increased cylinder bore; Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational practices

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Q7: A. Describe the precaution necessary during the initial running-in of an Auxiliary Engine run on which is newly installed or has a major overhaul. B. Explain the possible causes of oxidation of lubricating oil. C. State the frequency with which oil samples should be taken for analysis. Q8: With reference to turbochargers. Explain how corrosion can occur on the gas side of a turbocharger casing; Describe the process and safeguards necessary when water washing the air side; Explain the possible disadvantage of water washing the gas side. Q9.A. With respect to Diesel Engines, describe the cause of - Piston rings that is too tight in the piston grooves; Corrosion of piston rings; Piston grooves that are worn; Piston rings that is too slack with piston grooves; B. Describe the effect of each of the faults listed above and the remedial action for each.

DECEMBER 2010 Q1: Discuss the importance of correct cylinder lubrication in a large diesel engine, explaining the possible consequences of both over and under lubrication.

Describe the qualities required in a

cylinder lubricant for use in an engine burning high viscosity (heavy) fuel oil.

Comment on the

timing of the injection of the lubricant in relation to the working cycle of the engine. Q2. Give a considered and reasoned account for the types of failure to main engine turbo chargers listed below. (i) fractured turbine casing.(ii)The rapid development of a severe problem of

vibration.(iii)The abrupt stopping of the turbo charger during normal operation accompanied by a great deal of noise. Q3: What are the most influential physical characteristics required of the principle beatings for high speed, medium speed, and slow speed diesel engines? Write short notes on following? Tiling beating shells; Surface finish; Fluid film lubrication; Alignment. Q4: Describe the action of any type of oil separator to which you are familiar. What is the difference in operation between a separator and a clarifier? Why is it desirable to preheat the oil? What is the purpose of fresh water priming of the separator? Q5. Discuss the principal forces a large diesel engine crankshaft must withstand while in service and how the stresses resulting from these forces are kept within acceptable limits by good design and operation criteria. Q6. Sketch and describe a common rail fuel system as fitted to a diesel engine. How is delivery of the fuel controlled? Q7.Describe with aid of sketches the following types of bedplates as used for a large I.C. engine: WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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Bedplate cast in section; Fabricated steel bedplate State the stresses to which these bedplates are subjected and explain how bedplates are secured to the hull of the ship.

Q8. Draw an “out of phase” diagram for a large 2-stroke slow speed cycle engine. Describe in detail the part of the cycle showing 011 tiles diagram; Using the diagram explains the effects of

burning liable and low grade fuels (when fuel injection timing is not altered. D. Explain how good ignition and combustion can be obtained when using low grade fuel.

NOVEMBER 2010 Q1: During a river passage the propeller of a light ship is rotating at dead show revolutions ahead when it strikes a large floating object causing a momentary drop in engine revolutions.

As the

Second Engineer of the vessel describe in report format, the inspection of the vessel’s propulsion

and transmission system that you would supervise to ensure that is safe for the vessel to continue in voyage.

Assume that the vessel is anchored and that no outside assistance is available.

Q2.With respect to main boiler super heater arrangements: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of contra flow with parallel flow design Describe how

the element tube banks are supported yet allow for expansion Describe how boiler carryover affects super heater effectiveness and condition. Q3: It is noted in engines burning heavy fuel that the top of the piston crown may waste and gradually

burn away.

What is done to rectify this condition?

Q4: If a main engine piston seizes in its liner at sea and it is not possible to replace the unit, explain, in detail, what provisions are made in the engine, to enable the ship to reach port? Q5:With reference to piston rings - State with reasons the causes of breakage; State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage; Explain the possible consequences with respect to performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings. Q6: What is the difference between “pulse”, and “constant pressure” turbo-charging as applied to a compression ignition engine? Sketch and describe one of these systems.

What additional air

charging arrangements may be provided for use when the main engine is being started at low speeds? Q7: An Auxiliary engine exhibits a tendency to hum to such an extent that the engine speed variation prohibits the connection of the machine to the switch board; Discuss the possible causes of hunting; B. Explain how the problem of hunting can be rectified. Q8: Describe with the aid of sketches an arrangement for operating the fuel valve of a heavy oil engine. Explain how the timing is affected and the supply of fuel regulated to suit varying load. WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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Q9: Discuss the effect on main engine operation of the use of low grade fuel and in particular

refer to causes and prevent of liner wear. Crankshaft corrosion of exhaust space; Corrosion of exhaust space.

OCTOBER 2010

Q1: It is reported to you that the vessel you are about to join as Second Engineer has recently suffered a number of top end bearing failures - State, with reasons, the information and documents you would require in order to enable you to assess the cause of such failures; State, with reasons,

possible causes of top end bearing failures; State, with reasons, the procedures you would institute in order to minimize the risk of future failure.

Q2. During a routine crankcase inspection, a main engine top end bearing is found to be wiped and subsequent inspection shows that the pin is badly scored. Q3. With reference to a vessel on a five year time charter: After 4 weeks the chief engineer officer has received complaints that the vessel is not maintaining charter speed, explain how CEO would investigate and attempt to remedy the situation, b- The charterer has requested the use of a lower quality fuel as his cost for bunkers are excessive. Outline the advice the CEO would offer to the owners on this request.

Q4. Sketch an engine starting air system; Describe how the engine air system sketched operates; State, with reasons, TWO safety features which are incorporated in the Air system sketched Q5. Describe the cause and effect of thermal stressing in cylinder Heads, liners and pistons. Explain why thermal stressing is aggravated with increased cylinder bore; Explain how stress concentration and its effects are relieved by maintenance and operational practices Q6. With reference to diesel engines fitted on board ships, discuss – Sludge formation in lubricating oil systems, Role of additives in lubricating oils,Steps taken to ensure that treated oils are maintained in their optimum condition, Adverse effects on bearing metal due to incompatibility of lubricating oil. Q7: Describe in detail the causes and conditions that; A. Create an explosive atmosphere in a crankcase. B. Initiate a primary explosion. C. Propagate a secondary explosion; State how hazardous conditions can be avoided. Q8: Write a report to your company’s Superintendent Engineer outlining the breakdown of a diesel generator engine and suggest remedial measures to prevent a recurrence of similar trouble. WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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SEPTEMBER 2010 Q1. With reference to the scavenge spaces of main engines, give reasons for the following faults: Lubricating oil accumulation; Scavenge fires; Water accumulation; High air temperature. Q2: Write a report to your company’s Superintendent Engineer outlining the breakdown of a diesel generator engine and suggest remedial measures to prevent a recurrence of similar trouble.

Q3: 1. Sketch a cylinder relief valve suitable for a large slow speed engine; 2. Describe its salient design features; 3. State the purpose of fitting such a device; 4. State the possible circumstances

when the relief valve may lift and indicate the action to be taken to prevent damage to the engine. Q4: Describe in detail the causes and conditions that; A. Create an explosive atmosphere in a crankcase. B. Initiate a primary explosion. C. Propagate a secondary explosion; State how hazardous conditions can be avoided.

Q5: With reference to timing chains: Explain the causes of increasing chain slackness in service, using sketches to illustrate your answer; Q6: With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed four stroke engines: Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating conditions; Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure; Describe, as Second Engineer, your strategy for preventing bolt failure. Q7: With reference to the cylinder lubrication of a large slow speed engine. Explain with the aid of a sketch, the operation of a cylinder lubrication indicating caring how quantity adjustments may be contact; State the advantage of the relative vertical positions of cylinder lubricating quills used by different engine manufactures; Describe TWO features that assist the spread of the oil. Describe how you, as second Engineer would asses liner and decide when renewal is necessary; State the effect of low sulphur fuels on cylinder lubrication. Q8: With the aid of a block diagram describe the operation of an electronic governor for an internal combustion engine; State THREE problems to which such a governor is prone and explain how EACH becomes evident;

In the event of the governor on a direct drive engine becoming inoperative

state the action you, as Second Engineer, would take in order to ensure safe operation of the engine. Q9: With reference to the scavenge spaces of main engines, give reasons for the following faults - A. Lubricating oil accumulation; B. Scavenge fires; C. Water accumulation; D. High air temperature; E. Lubricating oil accumulation. WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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AUGUST 2010 Q1: Due to wiping. Main Engine Main Bearing needs emergency repairs. Describe: A. How the repair to the bearing may be carried out; B.

Explain how the repaired bearing would be fitted.

Q2: In a turbo charger, explain the effects of following - A. Deposits on Impeller; B. Deposits on Turbine nozzles; C. Damaged Labyrinth Seals

Q3: Boiler automatic combustion control has failed during operation of boiler. Explain - A. Procedures to operate boiler in emergency; B. Action plan to investigate, rectify and bring system to normal BOILER EMERGENCY OPERATION. Q4: What are the effects on following on the sluggishness of steering gear operation? Air entrapped in hydraulic oil; Worn pins and weak spring in hunting gear; Shock valves leaking Q5:Your ship is due for Drydocking. Prepare repair specifications for the following: A. Main Engine cooling sea water Overboard valve; B. Aft winch hydraulic oil pressure line, holed at deck penetration in Steeling Compartment; C. Deck seal of a IG system used in an oil tanker Repair specification – dry dock

Q6: Explain reasons and remedial actions for “fall off in heat exchanger performance, if this is A. Gradually; B Suddenly

Q7: Briefly describe your action plan on the following Leaky economiser tube while at sea; Leaky intercooler of main air compressor while manoeuvring.

Q8:The failure of one tie rod has occurred in a 2 stroke marine diesel engine. Explain - A. How could this failure be detected? B. Effects of running engine with a broken tie rod & what preventive measures can be taken? Q9: Fuel injector needle valves are found to be seizing frequently. Explain - How could such seizures be detected, and preventive measures and remedial actions that can be taken Power developed will be reduced. Q10: Main engine #2 unit decarburization was carried out. On piston inspection, following faults were observed. A. Cracking and burning of upper part of crown; B. Cracking in piston ring grooves; C. Explain the causes and how it can be minimized in future.

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JULY 2010 Q1.A. Identify the principal factors responsible for fouling of the gas side of turbo chargers? B. What are the effects of running engines with fouled turbo chargers & how are these identified?

Q2: A. Sketch the profiles of ahead and astern cams for a main engine fuel injector; B. Show, using a simple sketch, how the cams are mounted on the shaft? Q3: Briefly describe any one of the manufacturing process involved in semi built or welded construction of crankshaft of large marine engine; Give a composition of material used; Draw a stress diagram for stress in web of a crankshaft.

Q4: With reference to a large diesel engine piston: What stresses act on a piston during operation? Q5:What are the design aspect of the following component to improve injection atomization and penetration of fuel in marine diesel engine - Injector nozzle; Piston crown; Cylinder head.

Q6 : As compared to other bearing in a large marine diesel engine give reason why top end

bearing are more prone to failure. Have greater clearance in proportion to pin diameter. Have larger diameter in proportion to length. Q7: Write short note on Air stalling line explosion. Q8:Describe briefly the defects of main bearing and their causes; Give typical composition of bearing metal and importance of each component

JUNE 2010 Q1:Describe how each of the following procedure may be accomplished by bridge control equipment for a direct reversing 2 stroke diesel engine; Setting the direction of rotation; Starting; Controlling speed Q2. With reference to auxiliary diesel engines, suggest probable causes that would create EACH of the following conditions and state how they would be rectified - Knocking; Loss of power; Loss of lubricating oil pressure Q3: Discuss the consequences of failure to maintain correct clearances in the case of main diesel engine crankshaft and bottom end bearings.

Sketch a bottom end bearing paying particular attention

to the arrangement of ensuring uninterrupted flow of oil to the top end bearing.

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Q4. Give a reasoned explanation why some marine diesel engines might continue to run ahead on

the astern cams following a reversal of the controls. Sketch and describe an arrangement designed to prevent this happening.

Q5:Describe, with reasons, the profile for each of the following types of cams - Jerk type fuel pumps; Exhaust valves; Air starts distributors

Q6. With reference to diesel engines fitted on board ships, discuss – Sludge formation in lubricating oil systems, Role of additives in lubricating oils,Steps taken to ensure that treated oils are maintained

in their optimum condition, Adverse effects on bearing metal due to incompatibility of lubricating oil. Q7: With reference to large starting air receivers: Explain where corrosion is likely to occur and state why it occurs in these regions; State the how

the incidence of corrosion in air receivers might be minimized; If serious corrosion is detected in a starting air receiver and that receiver must be used explain how you, as Second Engineer, would determine the maximum pressure to which the receiver should be subjected. Q8: Describe how each of the following procedure may be accomplished by bridge control equipment for a direct reversing 2 stroke diesel engine Setting the direction of rotation; Starting; Controlling speed

Q9: Suggest probable causes for Knocking in Engine: Low oil pressure Loss of power Knocking in Engine: Q10: Severe engine vibration has recently become evident when the main engine for which you are responsible operates within a certain speed range. State, with reasons, the possible causes of such vibration; State the consequences of operating the engine under such vibratory conditions; Describe the procedure you. As Second Engineer, would implement in order to investigate and rectify the problem.

APRIL 2010 Q1: With reference to bottom end bolts for medium speed four stroke engines: Explain why bottom end bolts will ultimately fail under normal operating conditions; Identify the features incorporated into bolt design to inhibit failure; Describe, as Second Engineer, your strategy for preventing bolt failure. Q2: With reference to crankcase diaphragm glands Explain why effectiveness deteriorates in service Describe the procedure for renewal of parts so that efficiency is restored; Describe how effectiveness is restored if spares are unavailable; Explain the functions of the upper, and lower sections. WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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Q3: Whilst operating in heavy weather the main engine loses power and misfires. Investigation

shows considerable quantities of water in the fuel - A. State, with reasons, the immediate action you as Second Engineer would take to ensure the safe operation of the main engine; B. State,

with reasons, the possible place where water could enter the fuel system; C. State, with reasons, the standing instructions you as Second Engineer would issue with respect to the operation of the fuel system in order to prevent major problems due to water in the fuel.

Q4. With reference to UMS engine remote control and monitoring system A. In the event of complete

failure of such monitoring and; control systems state, with reasons, how you; as Second Engineer,

would organize the engine room Staff to ensure safe operation of the engine during - Normal deep sea conditions, Manoeuvring; State, with reasons, SIX important engine parameters which should be manually;

monitored following failure of the UMS system; Explain how the cause of failure of the

UMS system may be traced Q5. A. Define the following conditions relating to lubricating oil (i) Oxidation (ii) Emulsification (iii)

Acidity Explain how each of the conditions in A. is controlled by maintenance Suggest possible consequences if the conditions in A. change and no corrective action is taken. Q6: It is noted in engines burning heavy fuel that the top of the piston crown may waste and gradually burn away.

What is done to rectify this condition?

Q7: If a main engine piston seizes in its liner at sea and it is not possible to replace the unit, explain, in detail, what provisions are made in the engine, to enable the ship to reach port? Q8: Describe how crankshaft alignment is checked; Identify with-reasons the causes of crankshaft misalignment; State how the measurements are recorded. Q9. Describe with the aid of sketches an arrangement for operating the fuel valve of a heavy oil engine. Explain how the timing is affected and the supply of fuel regulated to suit varying load.

MARCH 2010 -

SAME AS APRIL 2010 -

FEBRUARY 2010 Q1: A. A number of main engine cylinder covers have been subjected to cracking during the preceding four months. Explain possible reasons for this cracking; State with reasons the action you, as Second Engineer, would take in order to reduce the possibility of future cylinder cover cracking; B. Cylinder liner wear WWW.DIESELSHIP.COM

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has increased appreciably during the past six months.

Write a brief report to the engineering

superintendent concerning this matter explaining the possible causes the immediate action taken to deal with the problem and the action you, as Second Engineer, intend to take in order to reduce the risk of future incidents. Q2:

A. Difficulty has been experienced in maintaining engine speed at the set value State THREE

possible causes. State how each of these causes may be detected; B. Describe the action to be taken in order to ensure safe operation of the main engine plant in the event of complete failure of the remote control and sensing equipment.

Q3:With reference to piston rings; - State with reasons the causes of breakage; State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage; Explain the possible consequences with respect to performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings. Q4.A. Identify the principal factors responsible for fouling of the gas side of turbo chargers? B. What are the effects of running engines with fouled turbo chargers & how are these identified? Q5: A. State, with reasons, THREE properties required of crankcase oil which is to be used for a trunk piston main engine; B. Explain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained

from a trunk piston engine; C. Briefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil charge cannot immediately be replaced and analysis shows - (i) Water is present;(ii) Alkalinity has fallen; (iii) Viscosity has changed appreciably; (iv) Carbon content has increased. Q6: A. As 2nd Engineer describe the procedure involved in the complete inspection of a cylinder liner and piston assembly, indicating areas of significant interest. B. Explain with reasons possible faults which might be found.

C. Suggest how such faults might be avoided.

Q. A. If ail auxiliary diesel generator over-speeds and runs away while off the load, explain: (i) How it can be stopped; (ii) What is likely to be the reasons for the failure. B. Give-details of what cheeks are made after the machine has been stopped: (i) Mechanically, (ii) Electrically. Q8: With reference to piston rings; State with reasons the causes of breakage. State how maintenance and engine operation can minimize breakage. Explain the possible consequences with respect to performance and safety of operating the engine with broken or severely worn rings. Q9: With reference to main engine stalling and reversing: Define the function of air distributors; Give reasons why air distributors are not fitted to some large direct reversing engines.

JANUARY 2010 Q1. Explain why the use of residual fuels for the operation of large slow speed or of medium speed engines, may be responsible for the following problems with turbocharger nozzles, shrouds

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and blades and how in corrosion; C. Erosion.

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each, the problem may be minimized

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- A. Build up of deposits; B. Hot

Q2. Electrical power is provided from alternators driven by auxiliary diesel engines - A. Using a sketch to illustrate your answer, describe a suitable governor; B. give an account of the governor

action to increase the power delivered by the engine in response to a large electrical load increase while also restoring and maintaining the correct frequency; C. Explain each of the following: (i) the necessity for droop; (ii) How droop is effected. Q3: With reference to fouling on the gas side of turbochargers, state - A. What are the common causes and nature of the deposits? B. How it effects engine operation? C. How it is reduced in practice? D. How heavy fouling can be avoided?

Q4. A. Explain the term ignition quality as applied to marine fuel oils; B. State, with reasons, the properties of the fuel which can influence ignition quality; C. State how an unexpected change in ignition quality would manifest itself in an operating engine; D. Explain in detail how an engine would be adjusted in order to burn a fuel having a different ignition quality.

Q5: With reference to turbo-chargers: - A. State how the performance may be assessed; B. State

how the optimum performance may be maintained; C. Explain how two-stroke cycle engine operation may be safely maintained and further damage to the machinery avoided if a serious crack is discovered in the turbine end casing such that the turbo-charged may no longer be operated. Electrical power is provided from alternators driven by auxiliary diesel engines. Q6: The emergency generator for a 300 passenger ship has to be completely renewed. The company contracted for work has no previous experience of marine installation You as the 2n(l engineer have

been requested to write the specification for the type and installation of the generator Outline your proposal for the type of engine. State the necessary requirement for approval and certification needed. Q7. A. Describe with the aid of a sketch, the arrangement of valves and passages for a four stroke engine cylinder head, listing materials used. With reference to [a] indicate where cracking might be expected stating the likely cause. Explain the different factors that tend to cause distortion of 4stroke cylinder head. Explain how the effects described in [c] are minimized. Q8. A. State, with reasons, THREE properties required of crankcase oil which is to be used for a trunk piston main engine; B. Explain how a representative sample of crankcase oil would be obtained from a trunk piston engine; C. Briefly describe the action to be taken if the crankcase oil charge cannot immediately be replaced and analysis shows - (i) Water is present; (ii) Alkalinity has fallen; (iii) Viscosity has changed appreciably; (iv) Carbon content has increased. Q9. State how EACH of the following defects becomes apparent, describe its effect on engine operation or safety and indicate the corrective action required to restore normal engine

condition;

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Leaking air inlet and exhaust valves; Leaking air start valve; Cracked cylinder liner; Broken piston rings

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