Clasificacion de Reactores

 

GNKAPNGH XQÊJNGH ^ @NWAØE @A _AHGPE_AW @NWAØE @A _AHGPE_AW XQÊJNGEW Nktre`uggn÷k hc @nsaøe `a _ahgteras

 

V_EGAWE XQÊJNGE @nvn`n`e ak ukh sarna `a eparhgnekas uknthrnhs gekagth`hs aktra sê. Asths eparhgnekas pua`ak sar lêsnghs y/e quêjnghs.

 

NKDAKNA_NH @A CH _AHGGN×K XQÊJNGH E GNAKGNH @A CEW _AHGPE_AW @a hguar`e h ch `alnkngn÷k ak ac Gekdrase `a Hjstar`hj `a 8>14, tnaka per eomate ac

@nsaøe y Gektrec `a rahgteras quêjnges phrh pre`uggnekas nk`ustrnhcas.

Aste njpcngh ac hkècnsns `a rahgteras, thkte ac `nsaøe geje ch eparhgn÷k `a ces jnsjes

 

_AHGPE_ rahgter as guhcqunar M. \NCCA_JHQR, pergn÷k `ac asphgne`alnka `ek`auk ch rahgter jhtarnh =–uk gnrguch, sa nktarghjonh y sa trhkslerjh‚ .   Hsê jnsje, sa pua`a geksn`arhr hc rahgter geje ukh ukn`h` `ek`a tnakak cudhr chs rahggnekas gek uk eomatnve prnkgnphcjakta `a pre`uggn÷k nk`ustrnhc. As ch phrta luk`hjakthc `a ukh pchkth quêjngh yh qua as `÷k`a sa pre`uga ac ghjone quêjnge `a rahgtnve h pre`ugte.

 

NJVCAJAKPHGN×K NJVCAJAKP HGN×K ^ @NWAØE @AC _AHGPE_ Vhrh njpcajakthr njpcajakthr uk rahgter ak uk pr pregase egase bhy qua= 8. @nsaøhrce ?. Bhgarce gekstrunr  7. Jhktakarce ak eparhgn÷k

Ak ac `nsaøe `ac rahgter n. Wacaggnekhr ac tnpe as `a kagashrne _ahgter  nn. @njaksnekhr  nnn. _ahcnzhr ac `nsaøe e nkdaknarêh `a `athcca

 

GEKWN@A_HGNEKAW XQA WA @AOA PAKA_ AK GQAKPH VH_H AC @NWAØE @A QK _AHGPE_  Pnpe

y thjhøe `ac aqunpe kagashrne phrh cedrhr ac drh`e `a gekvarsn÷k `a ch rahggn÷k.

 Gek`ngnekas

`a eparhgn÷k qua sa raqunarak `a hguar`e h chs ghrhgtarêstnghs `a ch rahggn÷k9 `ek`a chs rahggnekas quêjnghs vhrêhk sadýk ac kýjare `a chs lhsas prasaktas, ac jaghknsje `a rahggn÷k, ch axnstakgnh `a aquncnornes, ces alagtes tîrjnges y ch

saksnoncn`h` h chs gek`ngnekas lêsnghs (prasn÷k, tajparhturh, hdnthgn÷k,...).thcas geje tajparhturh, prasn÷k, vacegn`h` `a lcume. 

@nspesntnves hcra`a`eras. kagashrnes phrh nktarghjonhr ch akardêh gek ces

 

 Gestes

`a `nsaøe, taknak`e thjonîk ak guakth, ces jhtarnhcas `a gekstruggn÷k, gerresn÷k, raquarnjnaktes `a hduh y `a akardêh, y jhktaknjnakte

 Pakar

ak guakth thjonîk ch nkstrujakthgn÷k y ces jîte`es `a gektrec (qua pua`ak sar `as`a uk snstajh jhkuhc bhsth ukh gejputh`erh `a gnrgunte garrh`e), taknak`e ak guakth prasarvhr ch sadurn`h` y ac

ja`ne hjonakta  Hsnjnsje,

ac `nsaøe `apak`a nk`nragthjakta `a chs astnjhgnekas

`a chs gek`ngnekas `a jargh`e, thcas geje chs rachgnekas pragnevecujak `a ces rahgthkta y `a ces pre`ugtes= `h`e qua, sa `aoa eptnjnzhr ac rak`njnakte y ces gestas

 

_AHGGNEKAW XQÊJNGHW= GH_HGPA_ÊWPNGHW ^ @NLNGQCPH@AW XQA NJVEKAK H CEW _AHGPE_AW

 

LQKGNEKAW @A QK _AHGPE_ 8. Hsad Hsadur urhr hr ac tnpe `a gekthgte  e je`e `a lcunr `a ces rahgthktas ak ac nktarner `ac thkqua, phrh geksadunr ukh jazgch `asah`h gek ces jhtarnhcas rahgthktas.

 

?. Vrepergnekhr ac tnajpe sulngnakta `a rasn`akgnh,  as ac tnajpe `a gekthgte aktra chs susthkgnhs y/e ac ghthcnzh`er, geksadunr ch axtaksn÷k `asah`h `aphrh ch rahggn÷k.

 

7. Varjntnr gek`ngnekas  `a Vrasn÷k, Pajparhturh y Gejpesngn÷k, ac `a je`e qua ch rahggn÷k takdh cudhr ak ac drh`e y h ch vacegn`h` `asah`h, htak`nak`e h ces hspagtes tarje`nkèjnges y gnkîtnges `a ch rahggn÷k

 

@NJAKWNEKHJNAKPE @AC _AHGPE_ • Vua`ak axnstnr jugbhs gejonkhgnekas `a thjhøe y gek`ngnekas `a eparhgn÷k phrh uk tnpe aspagêlnge `a rahgter qua shtnslhdh chs gek`ngnekas `a `nsaøe. • Ac `nsaøe ÷ptnje `as`a ac pukte `a vnsth `a chs utncn`h`as   `apak`a `a chs jhtarnhs prnjhs, `a ces gestes lnkhkgnarhs `a nkvarsn÷k y `a eparhgn÷k y `ac vhcer `a ces pre`ugtes lnkhcas ak ac jargh`e. • Vrnjare as kagashrne ac jîte`e `a gècguce ac lukgnekhjnakte `acasthocagar rahgter   phrh `aspuîs hpcnghr phrh ukh tîgkngh `a eptnjnzhgn÷k qua `atarjnka ac `nsaøe jès prevagbese.

 

GCHWNLNGHGNEK @A _AHGPE_AW

 

NKP_E@QGGNEK H _AHGPE_AW 8.-KQJA_E @A LHWAW V_AWAKPAW

DAEJAP_NH •

• •

BEJEDAKAH (8 LHWA) BAPA_EDAKAH (? E JHW LHWAW)

•

PHKXQAW HDNPH@EW _AHGPE_AW PQOQCH_AW

@NKHJNGH @A LCQME (JE@E @A

A\ECQGNEK AK AC PNAJVE

PNVE @A _AHGGNEK _AHGGNEK _ADNJAK PA_JNGE XQNJNGH

EVA_HGN×K)

•

•

• • •

@NWGEKPNKQEW GEKPNKQEW WAJNGEKPNKQEW

GEKPHPGE @A CHW LHWAW

•

_ADNJAK AWPHGNEKH_NE _ADNJAK KE AWPHGNEKH_NE

• • •

GHPHCNPNGH ONEXQNJNGH AWPA_NLNGHGNEK

• •

NWEPA_JNGE H@NHOHPNGE

• •

GE-GE__NAKPA GEKP_H GE__NAKPA GE__NAKPAW G_Q]H@HW

 

8. KQJA_E @A LHWAW V_AWAKPAW •

BEJEDAKAHW

• • •

•

BAPA_EDAKAHW

•

•

•

Qkh sech lhsa, C ÷ D \hrnhocas= P, V, x ÷ y Vua`ak sar ghthcnzh`hs e ke

Amajpce Nk`ustrnhc= lrhggnekhjnakte `a ukh jazgch patrecêlarh (D) Wa raqunara jès `a ukh lhsa phrh qua ch rahggn÷k takdh cudhr cudhr,, D-W, C-W, D-C, D-C-W \hrnhocas= P, V, x, y, PJ, PG (Gekvagve, Gek`ugve) Gejpcamn`h` ak ces ohchkgas `a jhtarnh y akardêh

Amajpce Nk`ustrnhc= Wnktasês `a hjekêhge (DW), Kntrhgn÷k `a hrejèges.

 

= radn÷k lêsnghs uknlerja ak uk ysnstajh. Aste sndknlngh Lhsa prepna`h`as uknlerjas gejpesngn÷k quêjngh uknlerja.

Wnstajh bejedîkae= hquac qua prasakth ukh sech lhsa y per thkte su gejpesngn÷k as n`îktngh ak guhcqunar phrta `ac snstajh.

Wnstajh bataredîkae= guhk`e sa raqunara ch prasakgnh `a jès `a ukh lhsa phrh qua ch rahggn÷k sa ccava h ghoe.

 

BEJEDAKAHW KE GHPHCNPNGHW= Ch jhyerêh `a rahggnekas

BAPA_EDAKAHW KE Xuajh`e

GHPHCNPNGHW= `ac

ghro÷k,

sa `h ak lhsa dhsaesh, rahggnekas rèpn`hs geje ch gejoustn÷k `a ukh cchjh

testhgn÷k `a jakh, hthqua `a s÷cn`es per ègn`es, hosergn÷k dhscnqun`e gek rahggn÷k.

GHPHCNPNGHW=

GHPHCNPNGHW=

rahggnekas jngreonhkhs.akznjètnghs y

Exn`hgn÷k `a hjeknhge h ègn`e kêtrnge, grhquae `a patr÷cae gru`e, exn`hgn÷k `a WE? h WE7

Ch jhyerêh `a rahggnekas sa `h ak lhsa cnqun`h,

 

WADÝK CHW LHWAW XQA NKPA_\NAKAK •_ahgteras bejedîkaes. Qkh sech lhsa. Kerjhcjakta rahggnekas aktra dhsas (ak rahgteras tuouchras) e aktra cêqun`es jnsgnocas (ak rahgteras tnpe thkqua).

•_ahgteras bataredîkaes. Nktarvnakak vhrnhs lhsas ak ac pregase. Bhontuhcjakta per ac use `a uk ghthcnzh`er s÷cn`e. Wadýk ac kýjare `a lhsas y su khturhcazh=

 

_ahgteras Onlèsnges W÷cn`e-Lcun`e, W-D e W-C

 

_ahgteras Onlèsnges un`e-un`e, D-C e C-C

Perra `a Vucvarnzhgnek

Phkqua `a Oeroetae

 

?. Daejatrêh= _ahgteras tuouchras e lcume pnst÷k

• As uk rahgter `a use gejýk ak ch nk`ustrnh, qua geksnsta ak uk tuoe gncêk`rnge y kerjhcjakta sa eparh ak asth`e asthgnekhrne. • Ak ac rahgter tuouchr, ces rahgtnves sa geksujak gektnkuhjakta h ja`n`h qua lcuya h ce chrde `ac rahgter.

 

GH_HGPA_ÊWPNGHW • Ces rahgthktas hc lcunr h ce chrde `ac rahgter vh pre`ugnak`e ch rahggn÷k quêjngh, per ce thkte ch gekvarsn÷k hujakth h ce chrde `a ch pesngn÷k hxnhc • Ces acajaktes `ac lcun`e astèk hc jnsje tnajpe ak ac nktarner y chs prepna`h`as sek geksthktas ak gh`h saggn÷k trhksvarshc, pare ke cekdntu`nkhc.

 

\AKPHMHW • Wa eotnakak hcths gekvarsnekas y acavh`es pases jecaguchras. • Vesaak ohmes gestas agek÷jnges.

 

_AHGPE_ @A PHKXQA HDN HDNP PH@E _agnpnaktas `ek`a parjhkaga ch jhsh `ac un`e rahggnekhkta, parlagthjakta hdnth`es, phrh lhveragar ukh ouakh jazgch9 parjntak eparhr `a lerjh gekkuh e `nsgekkuh ak uk hjpcne rhkde `a ghu`hcas, tajparhturhs y prasnekas

 

GH_HGPA_ÊWPNGHW • Asth`e asthgnekhrne • _ahgtnves y pre`ugtes aktrhk y shcak geksthktajakta

 

GCHWNLNGHGN×K @A CEW _AHGPE_AW. Grntarne= Je`ace `a lcume n`ahc

 

 _AHGPE_AW

WADÝK GEKPNKQN@H@

gektnkues, `nsgektnkues, Je`e `a eparhgn÷k= sajngektnkues. pua`a `alnknrsa geje uk _ahgter ragnpnakta@nsgektnkue= `ac qua ke aktrh kn shca jhtarnh `urhkta ch rahggn÷k. Ak ac rahgter sa nktre`uga ukh ghrdh y`aprasn÷k rahgthktas, sa ccavh ch tajparhturh h`aguh`hs y sa h`amh rahggnekhr per uk tnajpe `atarjnkh`e hktas `a `asghrdhr ces pre`ugtes `a rahggn÷k.

 

_AHGPE_ @NWGEKPNKQE

 

_ahgter gekkue= as hquac ak ac qua `urhkta ch rahggn÷k sa hcnjakthk geksthktajakta ces rahgthktas y `ac qua sa rarh nknktarrujpn`hjakta ukh gerrnakta `a pre`ugtes.

 

_ahgter sajngektnkue=  nkngnhcjakta sa ghrdh `a jhtarnhc te`e ac rahgter, y h ja`n`h qua tnaka cudhr ch rahggn÷k, sa vh ratnrhk`e pre`ugtes y thjonîk nkgerperhk`e jès jhtarnhc `a jhkarh ghsn gektnkuh.

 

WADÝK CH DAEJAP_ÊH Wadýk ch Daejatrêh= tuouchr tuouch r, thkqua (gekkue (gekkuess y `nsgekkues)

Puouchr Phkqua

 

WADÝK AC PNVE @A LCQME Kerjhcjakta sa geksn`arhk `es pes `a ume (n`ahc) _ahgteras `a ume n`ahc= Ac ume ak ac rahgter raspek`a h uke `a ces `es axtrajes n`ahcas= Lcume

`a

jazgch parlagth= jazgch nksthktèkah y ak te`e ac rahgter, ce qua supeka ukh prepna`h`as  

bejedakan`h`

`a

(gejpesngn÷k, tajparhturh, atg.) ak te`e ac vecujak `ac jnsje.

 

7. @NKÈJNGH @A LCQME (JE@E @A EVA_HGN×K) _AHGPE_AW GEKPNKQEW Ak ac lukgnekhjnakte gektnkue, per ce gektrhrne, aktrh y shca uk lcume `a jhtarnh `a lerjh gektnkuh `urhkta te`e ac parne`e `a eparhgn÷k

 

_AHGPE_ @NWGEKPNKQE @NWGEKPNKQE E OHPGB OHPGB Geksnsta ak h`ngnekhr ces rahgtnves `a ukh vaz ak ac nktarner `ac rahgter, asparhr ac tnajpe kagashrne phrh qua sa `î ch rahggn÷k y vhgnhr ac gektakn`e. Ver ce thkte `urhkta ac tnajpe `a eparhgn÷k, prepnhjakta `ngbe, ke aktrh kn shca knkdýk lcume `a jhtarnh `ac rahgter, y per ce thkte ch jhsh tethc `a ch jazgch `a rahggn÷k sa jhktnaka geksthkta.

 

\AKPHMHW • Geste `a nksthchgn÷k ohme • Lcaxnoncn`h` `a lukgnekhjnakte

@AW\AKPHMHW • Acavh`e gesta `a lukgnekhjnakte y jhke `a eorh • Pnajpe nkvartn`e phrh ch ghrdh, `asghrdh y cnjpnazh as geksn`arhocajakta drhk`a.

 

_AHGPE_ WAJNGEKPNKQE E WAJN OHPGB As hquac ak ac guhc nkngnhcjakta sa ghrdh `a jhtarnhc, y h ja`n`h qua tnaka cudhr ch rahggn÷k, sa vh ratnrhk`e pre`ugtes y thjonîk nkgerperhk`e jès jhtarnhc `a jhkarh ghsn gektnkuh

 

\AKPHMHW • Wa pua`a takar uk ouak gektrec `a ch tajparhturh. • Ch gekgaktrhgn÷k `a uke `a ces rahgthktas sa pua`a jhktakar ohmh.

@AW\AKPHMHW • Vre`uggn÷k paquaøh. •  Hcte geste `a eparhgn÷k.

 

GCHWNLNGHGN×K @A CEW _AHGPE_AW. Grntarne= Avecugn÷k ak ac tnajpe

 

0. A\ECQGN×K AK AC PNAJVE •

rasucth`e lnkhc `a uk pregase `nkèjnge ak ac guhc chs vacegn`h`as `a ghjone bhk hcghkzh`e uk vhcer gare.

_. AWPHGNEKH_NE •

_. KE AWPHGNEKH_NE

Wa pua`a geksn`arhr geje ac

•

Amajpce= Jhrgbh gektnkuh `a ces rahgteras honartes.

Wa pua`a geksn`arhr geje ac rasucth`e gektnkue `a uk pregase `nkèjnge ak ac guhc chs vacegn`h`as `a ghjone bhk hcghkzh`e uk vhcer `nlarakta `a gare.

•

Amajpce= Ep.`nsgektnkuhs, puasths ak jhrgbh.

 

1. PNVE @A _AHGGN×K XQÊJNGH •

GHPHCNPNGH

Ces rahgteras ghthcêtnges tnakak ch lukgn÷k `a parjntnr chch rahggn÷k aktra e jès rahgtnves ja`nhkta prasakgnh `a `es uk ghthcnzh`er phrh `hr ac pre`ugte e pre`ugtes `asah`es ohme ukhs gek`ngnekas `a eparhgn÷k aspagêlnghs `a tajparhturh, prasn÷k, lcumes, atg •

ONEXQNJNGH

Qk rahgter onequêjngh tnaka geje luk`hjakte ac use `a jngreerdhknsjes geje per amajpce ch larjakthgn÷k ak `ek`a as lhveragn`h ghthcêtnghjakta per ch akgnjh •

AWPA_NLNGHGNE

Wa pre`ugak rahggnekas `nlêgnc `a saphrhr per ce qua sa ush ch tagkecedêh `a chs jajorhkhs puaste qua ke as thk akardêgh geje ces pregases `a saphrhgn÷k gekvakgnekhcas y h`ajès parjnta vakgar

K

chs ohrrarhs tarje`nkèjnghs `a aquncnorne quêjnge y `a lhsas