Clase de Derechos Humanos y Derechos Fundamentales.

 

Id`sgs hg Hgrgifms Imkstbtuibmk`dgs y Hgrgifms Fuo`kms B

Mrbjgk hg dms HH. FF Xgmrï`s qug gxpdbi`k gd mrbjgk hg dms HH. FF Xgmrï` Jgkgr`d hg dms Hgrgifms Fuo`kms3 Qrgobs Qrg obs`3 `3 dms hgrgifms hgrgifms fuo` fuo`kms kms sg gktg gktgkhgk khgk hgshg uk` prgobs` imoók, imom o`rim gùrbim kms

pgro pgrob bgg gkg gkgkh khgr gr qu qugg f` f`yy hg hgrg rgif ifms ms fu fuo` o`km kmss m lu lukh kh`o `ogk gk` `dgs dgs oà oàss `ddà `ddà hg d`s d`s lr lrmk mkg gr` r`ss g bkhgpgkhbgkgs hg dms mrhgk`obgkms curïhbims hg dms d ms gs`hms. ½Iuàd gs gd imkigpm hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs m hgrgifms fuo`kms= @onms tgkgk prmndgoàti`s ` d` fmr` hg jgkgr`r su hgkbibùk, gk iu`km ` dms bkhbvbhums smk tud`rgs hg ibgrms hgrgifms. I`rnmkgdd hgkg dms hgrgifms fuo`kms imom `qugddms hgrgifms qug kms `yuh`k ` ddgv`r ` i`nm kugsrm pd`k hg vbh` `d imom kmsmrms qubsbâr`oms, qug kms vugdvgk sgrgs omr`dogkg `uùkmoms. Lgrr`cmdb f`nd` hg uk ifmqug gkrg dms hgrgifms fuo`kms y hgomir`ib`, y h` pmr gcgopdm gd i`sm hg Rujmsd`vb`, gk gsg i`sm h` pmr fgifm qug dms hgrgifms fuo`kms f`k qugh`hm qugh`hm smdm gk gd p`pgd. I`rnmkgdd mobg d` gxpdbi`ibùk hg iùom sg hgngk prmgjgr gsms hgrgifms m d` lmro` gk qug sg hgngk rgid`o`r gk d` pd`km bkgrk`ibmk`d m imom sg hgngk f`igr glgitvms. Gd hbsiursm pd`kg`hm pmr gd Kgmimkstuibmk`dbsom, kms mndbj` ` prgjuk`rkms qug smk dms hgrgifms fuo`kms y hbif` iugstùk tgkg ouifm qug vgr imk d` gsruiur` hg d`s Imkstuibmkgs. tgmrï` bktgroghb` hg dms hgrgifms fuo`kms `puk` ` ibgrms irbgrbms qug imop`rgk dm ogcmr hg D` `on`s vbsbmkgs, `km hg d` d ` busk`ur`dbs` imom hg d` buspmsbtvbs` buspmsbtvbs`.. rg`dbsom bsom curïhbim curïhbim hg dms hgrgifms fuo`kms, imom hgd sbsgo` kmrg`ogrbi`km m hgd D` gmrï gmrï`` hg hgdd rg`d gsi`khbk`vm qug sg dg h` prgpmkhgr`kib` ` d` bo`jgk hgd prgsbhgkg imom gkg m pgrsmk` qug prmgjg dms hgrgifms fuo`kms. XGM^B@Y BWYK@XW^@DBYX@Y3 m

XGMDMJBI@Y3 Dms hgrgifms fuo`kms tgkgk su mrbjgk gk Hbms. Gk gsg sgkthm smk supgrbmrgs `d

gs`hm. m

^@IBMK@D3 dms hgrgifms fuo`kms imrrgspmkhgk `d sgr r`ibmk`d y ` d`s gsgkib` hg d` pgrsmk`. Gk

gsg sgkthm gd gs`hm smdm imks`` qug gxbsgk hgrgifms prggxbsgkgs, gd sgr fuo`km tgkg uk s`us supgrbmr `d gs`hm qug y` km hgrbv` hg Hbms, sbkm qug hg su k`ur`dgz` r`ibmk`d.

 

XGM^B@Y BWYQMYBXB\BYX@Y M QMYBXB\BYOM CW^BHBIM3 m

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Km k`igoms imk hgrgifms, gk dms prmigsms hg imkqubs` f`y qug duif`r pmr gddms, gxbsgk dms hgrgifms fuo`kms pmrqug f`y kmro`s curïhbi`s qug dms f`k gs`ndgibhm imom `dgs. Gd sgr fuo`km rgspmkhg ` r`vâs hg gs` sbu`ibùk hg gxigpibmk`dbh`h qug sg jgkgr` pmr sbu`ibmkgs hg sulrbobgkm m hg s`irbibm o`sbvm hg d` hbjkbh`h fuo`k`. Gsm Gs m f` sbh sbhm m `sï `sï,, pmr pmrqug qug hmi hmiuog uogkm kms, s, i` i`r` r`ss bk bkgrk grk`ib `ibmk` mk`dgs dgs dm f`k `o `opdb` pdb`hm hm ` kug kugv`s v`s i`gjmrï`s hg hgrgifms, `sï sg r`` hg `pdbi`r d` r`zùk curïhbi` lrgkg ` d` dgy hgd oàs lugrg. I`rn I`rnmk mkgd gddd f` f`nd nd`` hg d` du duif if`` p` p`r` r` pm pmsb sbtv tvbz bz`r `r gs gsms ms hg hgrg rgif ifms ms y su imks imks`j `jr` r`ib ibùk ùk gk d`s d`s Imkstuibmkgs. Q`rgg hg d` dùjbi Q`r dùjbi`` hg gs` gmrï` gs km igrr`r igrr`r gd i`à i`àdmjm dmjm hg dms hgrgif hgrgifms ms fuo`km fuo`kms, s, d` bhg` hg rgsrbkjbrdms gs uk` bkgrrmj`kg qug pd`kg` gd buspmsbtvbsom. Q`r` qug sg` uk hgrgifm sg` imksbhgr`hm imom lukh`ogk`d hgng gs`r imks`jr`hm gk d` Imkst Imk stuib uibùk ùk y p`r p`r`` qug sg` imk imksbh sbhgr` gr`hm hm imo imom m fuo fuo`km `km hgn hgngg gs`r gs`r imks` imks`jr` jr`hm hm gk uk` hgid`r`ibùk bkgrk`ibmk`d.

D` Hg Hgid id`r `r`i `ibù bùk k Wk Wkbvg bvgrs rs`d `d hg Hg Hgrg rgif ifms ms Fu Fuo` o`km kmss gk su `ri `riud udm m pr prbo bogr grm m `hsi `hsirb rbng ng ` d` g gmr mrï` ï` busk`ur`dbs` r`ibmk`dbs` y` qug sgð`d` qug dms sgrgs fuo`kms y` tgkgk hgrgifms fuo`kms. D` Imkstuibùk Ifbdgk` `hsirbng gk su `riudm 02 ` d` gmrï` buspmsbtvbs` pugs smdm j`r`ktz` hgrgifms `riudm m prbogrm prbogrm  ` d` gsbs qug smk prg prggx gxbs bsgk gkgs, gs, sbk pgr pgrcub cubibm ibm hg qug `hsi `hsirbn rbn`` `sb `sbobs obsom om gk gd `riud busk`ur`dbs` r`ibmk`dbs`. Dms hgrgifms fuo`kms gsàk unbi`hms gk gd pd`km bkgrk`ibmk`d y dms lukh`ogk`dgs gk gd pd`km pmsbtvm bkgrkm. Qmr mrm d`hm pmr rgobsbùk hgd `rtiudm qubkm bkibsm hms hg d` I`r` Lukh`ogk`d, dms hgrgifms fuo`kms p`s`k ` bkgjr`r gd imkgkbhm o`grb`d hg d` Imkstuibùk Imkstuibùk Qmdïti`. Gvmduibùk hg dms Hgrgifms Fuo`kms 3 m m

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Dms hgrgifms fuo`kms surjgk imom kmro`s gs`ndgibh`s ` k`dgs hgd sbjdm V\BBB Gk d` Imkstuibùk Kmrg`ogrbi`k` hg 06::, imom gk d` Hgid`r`ibùk hg dms hgrgifms hgd Fmonrg y hgd Ibuh`h`km gk 0:62 gk Lr`kib` sg gopbgz` ` pd`so`r dms hgrgifms fuo`kms. @d prbk prbkibpbm ibpbm sg gkgk gkgkhï` hï` qug dms hgrgifm hgrgifmss fuo` fuo`kms kms gr`k gk sï obsoms dbngr`h dbngr`hgs, gs, gs hgibr hgibr,, gslgr`s hg bkoukbh`h qug gkï`k d`s pgrsmk`s p`r` qug gd Gs`hm km sg gkrmogtgr`. Dms hgrgifms imks`jr`hms gk d`s prbogr`s I`r`s mrbjbk`rb`s gr`k pmr gcgopdm, dms hgrgifms hg dbngr`h -  Dbngr`h rgdbjbms` -  Dbngr`h hg gxprgsbùk Qmsgrbmrogkg sg v`k bkimrpmr`khm kugvms hgrgifms hg bju`dh`h3 - Bju`dh`h ^`ib`d - Bju`dh`h hg jgkgrm - Bju`dh`h gkrg pgrsmk`s imk mrbgk`ibùk sgxu`d hblgrgkg -

Bju`dh`h gkrg ibuh`h`kms y gxr`kcgrms

 

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@sbobsom sg v`k bkimrpmr`khm hgrgifms hg p`rtibp`ibùk pmdïti` - Yulr`jbm ukbvgrs`d - Hgrgifm hg p`rtibp`ibùk pmdïti` p`r` mh`s d`s pgrsmk`s

Gk gd sbjdm VBV dms hgrgifms hg p`rtibp`ibùk pmdïti` gs`n`k dbob`hms smdm ` dms fmonrgs qug pmhï`k vm`r, ` dms qug supbgr`k dggr y gsirbnbr y `qugddms qug gkï`k m pmsgï`k rbqugz`s m udms hg kmndgz`. m

Qmr ódtom, sg bkimr bkimrpmr` pmr`k k dms hgrgifms smib`d smib`dgs, gs, gs hgibr sg rgimk rgimkmigk migk hgrgifm hgrgifmss qug jgkgr`k mndbj`ibmkgs hg f`igr ` i`rjm hg d`s `umrbh`hgs. - Hgrgifm ` d` Ghui`ibùk - Hgrgifm ` d` s`duh - Hgrgifm ` d` vbvbgkh`

Hgrgifms ibvbdgs y pmdïtbims3 hgrgifms hg prbogr  jgkgr`ibùk3 Hgrgifms ibvbdgs3 tgkgk pmr mncgm hglgkhgr `d bkhbvbhum lrgkg ` d` bkgrvgkibùk bkcusti`h bkcusti`h`` hgd Gs`hm Hgrgifms pmdïims3 Xbgkgk imom prmpùsbm `sgjur`r d` p`rtibp`ibùk pmdïti` hgd bkhbvbhum

D`s 8 hgid`r`ibmkgs hg hgrgifms smk hgid`r`ibmkgs qug imktgkgk ókbi`ogkg m gk su o`ymrï` hgrgifms hg prbogr` jgkgr`ibùk. ½Gxbs` uk` hblgrgkib` gktrg fmonrgs y ibuh`h`kms=

D` rgvmduibùk lr`kigs` p`rg `ro`khm qug gd imkigpm hg ibuh`h`km gs pmdïtim y qug `hgoàs bhgkti` ` mhms dms obgonrms hg d` imoukbh`h qug pugh`k gcgrigr hgrgifms pmdïtims. Gk Lr`kib` `kgs hg d` rgvmdu rgv mduibù ibùk k gk gd `kt `ktjum jum râj râjbog bogk k f`n f`nï` ï` r` r``o `obgk bgkms ms hblgr hblgrgki gkib`h b`hms5 ms5 `d rgy sg dg r` r``n `n`` hg Ybr Ybrg (`d` o`cgs`h) y gd imkigpm hg ibuh`h`km vbgkg ` `nmdbr gsms mhms gsms r`ms y ` ukblmro`r ` mhms dms o`ymrgs hg gh`h " mhms dms o`ymrgs hg gh`h smoms ibuh`h`kms hg i`pbàk ` p`cg (hgd rgy f`ib` `n`cm). Hg fgifm iu`khm gd rgy Dubs V\B lug gkcubib`hm gk d` `s`ondg` k`ibmk`d sg dg dd`o` "ibuh`h`km i`pgm" pmrqug su `pgddbhm gr` Jmrjmk9, `d rgy km sg dg r`ù imom su o`cgs`h pmrqug gr` uk ibuh`h`km `d bju`d qug dms hgoàs. Yg nusi`n` gs`ndgigr uk` bju`dh`h hg r`m gkrg d`s pgrsmk`s, pgrm… ½Qmrqug hgiboms hgd fmonrg y hgd ibuh`h`km=

^. Qmrqug gs uk` rgd`ibùk hg gspgibg, dms fmonrgs m d` fuo`kbh`h gsà imopugs` pmr jgkg qug lmro` p`rg hgd iugrpm pmdïtim y mrms qug km, pmr gcgopdm dms ogkmrgs hg gh`h km lmro`k p`rg hgd iugrpm pmdïtim pgrm lmro`k p`rg hg dms fmonrgs. Gsm f`ig uk` hblgrgkib` gkrg d` p`rtibp`ibùk pmdïti` y d` l`d` hg p`rtibp`ibùk pmdïti`. - Gd tmhm3 dms fmonrgs - Ibuh`h`km3 Q`rtibp`k pmdïti`ogkg Gs` hbstkibùk sg prmhuig pmrqug `km dms fmonrgs imom dms ibuh`h`kms pughgk gcgrigr hgrgifms ibvbdgs, pgrm dms hgrgifms pmdïtims smdm dms v`k ` gcgrigr dms ibuh`h`kms.

 

Gs bopmr`kg rgimrh`r `onbâk qug d` oucgr `ktju`ogkg km gkï` `iigsm ` gsms hgrgifms hgd —fmonrg‟ y ibuh`h`km. Qmsgrbmrogkg f`nrà uk` bopmr`kg duif` hg d`s sulr`jbs`s p`r` imksgjubr gd hgrgifm ` sulr`jbm gk hbstk`s p`rgs hgd oukhm. Gk `djukms duj`rgs bkidusm gk d`s prbogr`s gdgiibmkgs v`k vm`r oàs oucgrgs qug fmonrgs y gsm hgomsr`rà gd imoprmobsm iïvbim hg d`s oucgrgs gk gs` duif`. Gxbs`k `rjuogkms hg mhm tpm p`r` gvb`r gsg dmjrm5 qug d` oucgrgs `d km rgibnbr ghui`ibùk suibgkg km pmhï`k vm`r pmrqug dm f`ràk hg lmro` hgsbklmro`h` m qug d`s oucgrgs vm`rï`k gk n`sg ` irbgrbms oàs gspbrbu`dgs qug imkirgms, qug km f`nï`k sbhm fbsùrbi`ogkg prgp`r`h`s p`r` gd gcgribibm hg dms hgrgifms pmdïtims y pmr gs` r`zùk suo`rd`s `d iugrpm pmdïtim bn` ` sgr oàs h`ðm qug ngkgibmsm. ½N`cm quâ tgmrï` gstms hmiuogktms fbstùrbims sustgkt`k d` prmid`o`ibùk hg hgrgifms=

^. D` gmrï` busk`ur`dbs` pmrqug p`rgk hg d` prgobs` hg qug gsms hgrgifms sg tgkgk hgshg sbgoprg y qug su prmid`o`ibùk gs uk` j`r`k` p`r` dmjr`r su rgspgm. Ybk gon`rjm, pmr mrm d`hm `onbâk pmhrï`oms hgibr qug sï gsms hgrgifms gxbsgk hgshg sbgoprg km gr` kgigs`rbm pmkgrdms pmr gsirbm, oàs nbgk p`rgig sgr qug gsms hgrgifms surjbgrmk dugjm hg uk` duif` pmdïti` m hg uk prmigsm pmdïtim fbsùrbim hggrobk`hm dm qug `i`nm gk uk` prmid`o`ibùk gsirb`, pgrm gd lukh`ogkm gùrbim hg gs`s prmid`o`ibmkgs gs ` mh`s duigs busk`ur`dbs`. D` pr`xbs hg prmid`o`r dms hgrgifms hg uk hggrobk`hm prmigsm fbsùrbim gs oàs nbgk dbj`h` `d pmsbtvbsom. Xgkgoms ` d` rgvmduibùk lr`kigs` imom ódtom fbm ` hgs`i`r gk gd prmigsm qug prggkhg rgo`ri`r d` bopmr`kib` hg dms hgrgifms hg gs` prbogr` jgkgr`ibùk hg hgrgifms.

Hgrgifms smib`dgs3 hgrgifms hg sgjukh` jgkgr`ibùk D`s rgvmduibmkgs hg D`tkm`oârbi` nusi`ràk d` bkhgpgkhgkib` pgrsbjubgkhm gd prmpùsbm hg rglmrz`r dms hgrgifms y hg dbob`r gd pmhgr hg gs`hm. Km mns`kg, `km gk D`tkm`oârbi` imom gk Gurmp` sg v` ` prmhuibr uk prmigsm hg bkhusrb`dbz`ibùk qug `hgoàs prmhuim hg d`s rgvmduibmkgs dbngr`dgs gkhrà m imk`rà imk gd `sigksm hg uk kugvm sgimr smib`d5 d` nurjugsï` y kms gkimkr`rgoms imk uk Gs`hm qug j`r`ktz` uk` sgrbg hg hgrgifms y qug sg hghbi` ` vbjbd`r d` imkhui` hg dms ibuh`h`kms `pdbi`kh `pdbi`khm m s`kibmkgs y j`r j`r`k `ktz` tz`kh khm m d` gsl gslgr` gr` hg `u `umk mkmoï moï`. `. Ybk gon gon`rj `rjm, m, dms i`o i`onbm nbmss gim gimkùo kùobim bimss y smi smib`d b`dgs gs qug sgr sgràk àk imksgiugkib` hg d` rgvmduibùk bkhusrb`d prmhuigk uk bkirgogkm hg d` obsgrb`. Mrbjbk`dogkg p`rgiï` suibgkg qug gd Gs`hm km vbmd`r` dms hgrgifms hg d`s pgrsmk`s, pgrm dugjm sgrà kgigs`rbm qug gd Gs`hm iuopd` uk kugvm rmd mmrj`khm prgs`ibmkgs oïkbo`s qug f`j`k pmsbndg uk` vbh` oàs hbjk` p`r` dms bkhbvbhums. Qmr gs` r`zùk d`s i`s`s pmpud`rgs gopbgz`k ` prgsbmk`r p`r` qug gd Gs`hm bkgrvgkj` `sï qug sg prmhuig uk` imopdg` r`kslmro`ibùk gk d` dùjbi` hgd prmigsm gs``d, y sg dg v` ` gxbjbr `d gs`hm qug gopbgig ` f`igr `djm pmr d`s pgrsmk`s. Gsms kugvms hgrgifms sg v`k ` imkmigr imk gd kmonrg hg Hgrgifms Ymib`dgs8 bk`ujur`khm d` sgjukh` Jgkgr`ibùk hg hgrgifms.

 

Gsms hgrgifms hg Ygjukh` Jgkgr`ibùk sg i`r`igrbz`k pmr uk i`onbm gk d` imkigpibùk gkmrkm ` dms hgrgifms y gd gs`hm gkhrà qug f`igr `djm pmr d` vbh` hg d`s pgrsmk`s p`r` pmhgr gkgkhgr qug gsà `iu`khm dgjïto`ogkg. D`s prbogr`s imkstuibmkgs hgd oukhm gk prmid`o`r gsms Hgrgifm Ymib`dgs lugrmk3 0. Imkstuibùk Ogxbi`k` Pugrâ`rm 020:, y >. Imkstuibùk @dgo`k` hg Zgbo`r 0202 Dms Hgrgifms Ymib`dgs sgràk d` p`rg oghud`r hg gs` jgkgr`ibùk hg hgrgifms pmrqug smk dms qug r`gk imksbjm gsg i`onbm m gs` kugv` lmro` hg pgks`r d` gsruiur` hgd Gs`hm qug gkhrà qug prmvggr hggrobk`h`s prgs`ibmkgs. Qmr gsm kmro`dogkg sg hbig qug dms hgrgifms smib`dgs tgkgk uk imkgkbhm prgs`ibmk`d gs hgibr qug gd gs`hm ` r`vâs hg âd sg tgkg qug imoprmoggr ` hggrobk`h`s prgs`ibmkgs. Dugjm vmdvgr Dugjm vmdvgrgom gomss smnrg smnrg d` hbsiu hbsiusbù sbùk k gk tmrkm tmrkm ` sï dms hgrgi hgrgifms fms smib` smib`dgs dgs smk hg vgr vgrh`h h`h hgrgi hgrgifms fms  lukh`ogkt`dgs  lukh`ogkt`d gs m km.

Xmhms dms hgrgifms qug sg v`k ` prmid`o`r f`s` gd sbjdm VV lugrmk prmid`o`hms imk d` dùjbi` hg qug smk rgimkmibhms ` mh`s d`s pgrsmk`s, pgrm smk hgrgifms kgurms gk su imkgkbhm pmrqug km tgkgk uk hgstk``rbm gspgiïim sbkm qug gsg hgstk``rbm gs jgkârbim. Ybk gon`rjm, s`ngoms qug km mhms dms bkhbvbhums pughgkhbslrug f`igr v`dgr gsms hgrgifms d` pràiti`, uk sgjogkm hg d`tgopm smibgh`h qugsgimrgs gsuvm lugr` hgd glgitvm hg gsms hgrgifms gk imom dm lug d`f`y oucgr hur`kg d`rjm m dms gxidubhms gk `djukms p`ïsgs pmr uk irbgrbm r`ib`d. Gk gd p`pgd gs`n`k prmid`o`hms p`r` mhms, pgrm gk d` pràiti` pmhï`k sgr hbslru`hms smdm pmr uk hggrobk`hm sgjogkm smib`d. @hgoàs, gsms hgrgifms sbgoprg gsuvbgrmk pgks`hms gk d` dùjbi` hg uk` pgrsmk` Ibsjâkgrm y gk pgrsmk`s fggrmsgxu`dgs y km lugrmk pgks`hms gk pgrsmk`s pgrgkgibgkgs ` kbkjuk` obkmrï` sgxu`d. Gk hgkbtv`, sï v`oms hgspgc`khm qubgkgs puhbgrmk hbslru`r fbsùrbi`ogkg hg gsms hgrgifms ddgj`oms ` d` imkidusbùk hg qug gd hgstk``rbm glgitvm hg gsms hgrgifms lug3 gd fmonrg, hg r`z` nd`ki`, hgd Kmrg jdmn`d, y gk jgkgr`d, imk uk ibgrm kbvgd ghui`tvm, fggrmsgxu`d y ibsjâkgrm. Gk mr`s p`d`nr`s, gsms hgrgifms qug sg rgbvbkhbi`n`k imom hgrgifms ukbvgrs`dgs, ókbi`ogkg uvbgrmk uk dbob`hm `di`kig gk d` pràiti` Gs` sbu`ibùk kms ddgvù f`s` gd omogkm `iu`d hg d` gvmduibùk hg dms Hgrgifms Fuo`kms qug gs gd dddd`o `o`h `hm m omvbobgktm hg gspgibi`ibùk hg dms hgrgifms . @iu`dogkg d` prgmiup`ibùk prbkibp`d hg d` imoukbh`h bkgrk`ibmk`d g bkidusm `djukms mrhgk`obgkms bkgrkms gs d` hg prmid`o`r hgrgifms gk l`vmr hg hggrobk`hms jrupms y sgjogkms smib`dgs gspgib`dogkg vudkgr`ndgs m fbsùrbi`ogkg vudkgr`hms, y `sï kms gkimkr`oms imk qug ` kbvgd bkgrk`ibmk bkgrk`ibmk`d `d gxbsg3 - D` Imkvgkibùk p`r` d` Gdbobk`ibùk hg mh` lmro` hg Hbsirbobk`ibùk gk imkr` hg d` Oucgr —IGH@Z‟ - Imkvgkibùk hg dms Hgrgifms hgd Kbðm - Imkvgkibùk qug sg prgmiup` hg dms Xr`n`c`hmrgs Bkobjr`kgs - Imkvgkibùk qug prggkhg prmgjgr ` d`s pgrsmk`s imk Hbsi`p`ibh`h

 

Kms h`om Kms h`omss iugk iugk` ` qu qugg d` pr prgm gmiu iup` p`ib ibùk ùk hgd hgd mr mrhg hgk` k`ob obgk gkm m bkg bkgrk rkm m im imom om hg dms dms mr mrhg hgk` k`ob obgk gkm mss bkgrk`ibmk`dgs y` km gs prmid`o`r hgrgifms jgkârbims, sbkm oàs nbgk gopgz`r ` r`n`c`r gk jrupms hg hgrgifms gspgiïims p`r` hggrobk`hms sgimrgs vudkgr`ndgs fbsùrbi`ogkg. fbsùrbi`ogkg. Yb mrhgk`oms d` gvmduibùk hg dms hgrgifms `km lukh`ogk`dgs imom fuo`kms kms gkimkr`rgoms imk qug3 0. F`y uk` prbogr` g`p` gk qug dms hgrgifms smk oàs nbgk prgrrmj`tv`s hg hggrobk`hms jrupms m sgimrgs smib`dgs >. Dugjm gsms hgrgifms v`k ` imkgkgr uk` prmid`o`ibùk, uk` tud`rbh`h ukbvgrs`d y mh`s d`s pgrsmk`s v`k ` sgr tud`rgs hg gsms hgrgifms, ` dm ogkms gk gd p`pgd 9. \`oms ` p`s`r gsms hgrgifms hg Qrbogr` Jgkgr`ibùk ` Hgrgifms hg Ygjukh` Jgkgr`ibùk gk gd qug gd gs`hm p`s` hg sgr uk `jgkg `nsgkibmkbs` ` sgr uk `jgkg bkgrvgkmr, 8. Dugjm hg d` sgjukh` jugrr` oukhb`d p`s`oms hgd àonbm hg dms hgrgifms bkgrkms (dm qug i`h` hgrgifm bk bkg grk rkm m pr prm mgj gjg) g) ` uk uk`` iu iud dur ur`` hg d` ukbv ukbvgr grs` s`dbdbz` z`ib ibùk ùk hg dms dms hg hgrg rgif ifms ms , gs hg hgib ibr, r, qug qug m mhm hmss dms dms mrhgk` mrh gk`ob obgk gkms ms v`k ` gop gopgz` gz`rr ` prm prmgj gjgr gr dms hgrgi hgrgifms fms hgr hgrbv bv`hm `hmss hg d` hbj hbjkbh kbh`h `h Fuo Fuo`k `k`` gk sus Imkstuibmkgs y hg lmro` sbobd`r. 7. Yurjbrà uk omvbobgkm hg bkgrk`ibmk`dbz`ibùk hg dms hgrgifms, d` prmgiibùk hg dms hgrgifms y` km v` ` hgpgkhgr ókbi`ogkg hg dms mrhgk`obgkms bkgrkms sbkm qug d` imoukbh`h bkgrk`ibmk`d m ` dm ogkms ` dms gs`hms qug imklmro`k gs` `jrup`ibùk hg Gs`hms gk gd mrhgk bkgrk`ibmk`d bkgrk`ibmk`d,, v`k ` hgibhbr `prmn`r uk` sgrbg hg r``hms hg hgrgifms bkgrk`ibmk`dgs gkhbgkgs ` prmgjgr d` hbjkbh`h fuo`k` . Pug uk hgrgifm KM gsgkib`d gsâ prmid`o`hm. Qmr gcgopdm, gsm miurrg imk d` gkobgkh` sgjukh` hg d` Imkstuibùk hg GGWW qug `sgjur` gd hgrgifm ` dms kmrg`ogrbi`kms ` pmr`r y pmsggr `ro`s, km gs uk` hbogksbùk gsrgif`ogkg dbj`h` ` d` hbjkbh`h fuo`k` y uk `ro` km gs kgigs`rb` p`r` qug uk bkhbvbhum pugh` smnrgvbvbr, pgrm `uk `sï d` imkstuibùk prmid`o` imom lukh`ogk`d uk hgrgifm qug hgshg gd pukm hg vbs` hg su gsgkib`dbh`h km dm gs. D` Imkstuibùk hg Gs`hms Wkbhms, sgjók v`rbms gsuhbmsms, mrbjbk`dogkg km pd`kg`n` uk hgrgifm bkhbvbhu`d ` pmr`r y pmsggr `ro`s sbkm qug gs` kmro` gkï` uk mrbjgk fbsùrbim gkmrkm ` qug GGWW gkï` hgrgif hgr gifm m ` lmr lmro`r o`r uk gcâ gcârib ribm m pr prmpb mpbm m hbs hbstk tkm m hgd gcâr gcârib ibm m bkj bkjdâs dâs.. Ybk gon gon`rj `rjm, m, dms fmo fmonrg nrgss nd`ki nd`kims ms pgrgkgib pgrg kgibgkgs gkgs ` d` `smib`ibùk hgd rbg 7, prgsbmk`rmk ` d` imrg Yuprgo` p`r` qug gs` gkgkhbgr` ` d` sgjukh` gkobgkh` imom uk hgrgifm bkhbvbhu`d ` pmr`r y pmsggr `ro`s y km imom uk hgrgifm imdgitvm ` lmro`r uk gcâribm. Gs bopmr`kg ogkibmk`r `hgoàs qug gs` `smib`ibùk gs n`s`kg r`ibs`5 - Gsà lmro`h` pmr fmonrgs hg r`z` nd`ki` (i`sb km f`y oucgrgs), - Gsà ouy gop`rgk`h` imk gd eu edux ed`k - Xbgkgk uk` bhg` hg suprgo`ibsom nd`kim y qug gk hgkbtv` d`s `ro`s smk p`r` rgpgdgr gd ``qug hg dms bkhgsg`ndgs3 Kgjrms g bkobjr`kgs. D`ogk`ndgogkg gs`s pgrsmk`s tgkgk uk gkmrog pmhgr pmdïtim gk GGWW `d pukm hg ddgj`r ` d` imrg suprgo`. Dms kmrg`ogrbi`kms sbgoprg f`k gkbhm obghm y gsg obghm dms f` ddgv`hm ` hbsp`r`rdg ` mhms dms qug smk hbstkms ` gddms5 dms imdmkbz`hmrgs dg hbsp`r`rmk ` dms bkhïjgk`s, gk d` rgvmduibùk dg hbsp`r`rmk ` dms bkjdgsgs, y iu`khm gr`k bkhgpgkhbgkgs dg hbsp`r`n`k ` dms kgjrms. X`onbâk gxbsgk lmro`s mlgksbv`s gk GGWW hg

 

dd`o`r ` dms nd`kims sbk ghui`ibùk, sg dgs hbig n`sur` nd`ki`, hg fgifm ` prbkibpbms hgd bkgrkg iu`khm sg nusi`n` —Zfbtg tr`sf‟ gk jmmjdg `p`rgiï` d` lmm hg Nrbkgy Ypg`rs pugs ` pgs`r hg sgr d` hbv` hgd pmp, d` jgkg ghui`h` y imk hbkgrm d` r``n` hg n`sur` nd`ki` pmrqug gdd` vgkï` hg uk gs`hm pmnrg, gr` uk` ifbi` hgd i`opm. Gk Gs`hms Wkbhms d` Hbsirbobk`ibùk r`ib`d lug dgj`d, prbogrm lug imkstuibmk`d y dugjm dgj`d, f`y uk l`ddm hg d` imrg suprgo` hg GGWW qug hgid`r` imkstuibmk`d d` gsid`vbuh. Yb p`rtoms hg d` n`sg hg qug gk `djók omogkm gd sbsgo` dgj`d rgsp`dhm d` hbstkibùk hg pgrsmk`s pmr su r`z`, `ukqug gs` dgy y` km gxbs` d` sgks`ibùk hg bklgrbmrbh`h pgro`kgig gk gs`s pgrsmk`s y pmr gsm f`y qug r`n`c`r gk gddm. Dms gs`hms oàs prmjrg (I`dblmrkb`, Kugv` Rmre) km uvbgrmk prmndgo`, d`s ims`s sg smduibmk`rmk prmkm gk gsms duj`rgs. Bkidusm `ukqug hg l`im f`y` grobk`hm rgimrhgoms qug iu`khm uk pmdbiï` dg hbsp`rù ` uk ifbim hg r`z` kgjr` pmr d` gsp`dh` gd jr`k cur`hm (imopugsm pmr jgkg hg r`z` nd`ki`) hgid`rù qug km f`nï` i`us` dgj`d p`r` bkbib`r uk prmigsm dgj`d gk su imkr` pmrqug f`nï` `iu`hm gk dgjïto` hglgks`. Q`r` pmhgr rgsmdvgr gsg imkbim kgigsb`oms gs`ndgigr hgshg iuàkhm v`oms ` gkgkhgr qug uk hgrgifm gs lukh`ogk`d, lukh`ogk`d, p`r` gddm kms v`oms ` `hfg `hfgrbr rbr ` uk` gsbs qug gs bkgrogh bkgroghb` b` gk `on` `on`ss vbsb vbsbmkgs, mkgs, gs hgibr uk` tgsbs hu`d.

Q`r` pmhgr imksbhgr`r qug uk hgrgifm gs lukh`ogk`d v`oms ` gxbjbr qug gsg hgrgifm gsâ gsrgif`ogkg vbkiud`hm ` d` Hbjkbh`h Fuo`k`, hg omhm `d qug sbk gsg hgrgifm km gs pmsbndg d` sunsbsgkib` hgd bkhbvbhum, su hgsgkvmdvbobgkm hgsgkvmdvbobgkm gk d` smibgh`h kb gd iuopdbogkm hg su pd`k hg vbh`. X`onbâk v`oms ` gxbjbr qug gsg hgrgifm gsâ prmid`o`hm imkstuibmk`dogkg. Qmr dm `km, p`r` kmsmrms uk hgrgifm sgrà lukh`ogk`d3 0. Hgshg gd pukm hg vbs` hg su gsgkib`dbh`h pmrqug sbk âd km sgrï`oms dbnrgs hbig O`kugd @r`jùk y >. Qmrqug gsà prmid`o`hm gk d` Imkstuibùk

 

Km dg v`oms ` dd`o`r Lukh`ogk`dgs ` hgrgifms qug km gsàk prmid`o`hms gxprgs`ogkg, pmr gcgopdm d` vbvbgkh` p`r` gd hgrgifm ifbdgkm km gs uk hgrgifm lukh`ogk`d pmrqug lmro`dogkg km gsà prmid`o`hm gk d` Imkstuibùk imom `d, `ukqug sg` gxbsgkib`d hgshg gd pukm hg vbs` hg su sus`kib`dbh`h m o`grb`dbh`h. Bopmr`kg5 dms hgrgifms prmid`o`hms gk d` Imkstuibùk qug km gkj`k rgd`ibùk imk d` hbjkbh`h fuo`k` gk d`s hbogksbmkgs qug sg f`k ogkibmk`hm `opmim smk Lukh`ogk`dgs, p`r` pmhgr sgrdm tgkgk qug iuopdbr imk `onms rgqubsbms. F`ig pmim sg prmhucm uk` hbsiusbùk smnrg uk go` qug gs suo`ogkg bopmr`kg `igri` hg dms Hgrgifms Ymib`dgs. Gs` hbsiusbùk sg n`s` gk qug dms Hgrgifms Ymib`dgs rgprgsgk`k uk` prmndgoàti` ` d` fmr` hg gkgkhgrdms, rgimrhgoms qug d` imoukbh`h bkgrk`ibmk`d ddgjù ` d` imkvbiibùk hg qug gr` kgigs`rbm r`sp`s`r gsà hgid`r`ibùk hg dms hgrgifms fuo`kms ` r``hms pmrqug d` hgid`r`ibùk gs uk hmiuogkm prmjr`oàtim y gs kgigs`rbm p`s`rdm ` uk gxm kmro`tvm. Hur`kg gd iursm hg Hgrgifm Bkgrk`ibmk`d f`nd`oms smnrg uk` hbsiusbùk prmlukh` gkmrkm ` jgkgr`r uk Xr``hm hg hgrgifms fuo`kms `d `dgrm hgd sbsgo` hg d`s k`ibmkgs ukbh`s5 funm r`zmkgs bhgmdùjbi`s gk vbruh hg d`s iu`dgs sg qubsm `jrgj`r hgrgifms ` gsg i`àdmjm y pmr d`s qug sg qubsm qub`r hgrgifms hg gsg i`àdmjm. Gd jr`k ogmddm hgd `sukm gr`k dms hgrgifms smib`dgs pmrqug mhm gd ndmqug smvbâtim bksbs` pmr su bkimrpmr`ibùk gk gs` hgid`r`ibùk hg HHFF obgkr`s qug mhm gd ndmqug dbngr`d i`pb`dbs` duif`n` pmr gdbobk`rdms hgd gxm gsirbm. Lbk`dogkg dm qug miurrbù gs qug sg `prmn`rmk hms r``hms gk p`r`dgdm3 0. Gd p`im bkgrk`ibmk`d hg hgrgifm ibvbdgs y pmdïtims hg dms hgrgifms hg prbogr` jgkgr`ibùk y >. Gd p`im bkgrk`ibmk`d hg dms hgrgifms gimkùobims smib`dgs y iudur`dgs hg sgjukh` jgkgr`ibùk @djm sbobd`r v` ` miurrbr gk dms mrhgk`obgkms bkgrkms pugs hgpgkhbgkhm hg su `hsirbpibùk ` `djuk` hg gs`s vbsbmkgs `igp`rmk m rgif`z`rmk d` bkimrpmr`ibùk hg Hgrgifms Ymib`dgs gk sus prmpbms mrhgk`obgkms. Qmr gcgopdm5 GGWW km prmgjg kb prmid`o` kbkjók hgrgifm smib`d gk su imkstuibùk, gs hgibr qug km prmid`o` gd hgrgifm ` d` s`duh, ghui`ibùk, vbvbgkh`, gi. y p`r` gsg p`ïs, `d bju`d qug ouifms hg dms p`ïsgs dbngr`dgs, dms hgrgifms smib`dgs km smk hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs sbkm qug smk `spbr`ibmkgs pmdïti`s m hgid`r`ibmkgs prmjr`oàti`s, gs hgibr sgrà rgspmks`nbdbh`h hg d`s `umrbh`hgs hgs`rrmdd`r hg `iugrhm ` su pmkhgr`ibùk pmdïti` 1gsms hgrgifms ` r`vâs hg pmdïti`s póndbi`s, obgkr`s qug p`r` mrms gs`hms, dms hgrgifms smib`dgs smk hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs y pmr `km smk gxbjbndgs `km hg d`s `umrbh`hgs qug gd`nmr`k pmdïti`s póndbi`s, smib`dgs y `onbâk smk gxbjbndgs cuhbib`dogkg gs hgibr qug pughm rgiurrbr ` dms rbnuk`dgs y rgid`o`r gd `iigsm ` gsms hgrgifms.

Irbtbi`s Gxbsgk `djukms prmndgo`s m irïti`s qug sg prgsgk`k gk imkr` hg `igp`r qug dms hgrgifms smib`dgs smk vgrh`hgrms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs. B. Gk prbogr duj`r uk` irïti` qug sg lmroud` gs qug dms hgrgifms smib`dgs, hgshg gd pukm hg vbs` fbsùrbim, rmopgk imk d` dùjbi` hg qug gd gs`hm hgng rgsju`rh`r d` `umkmoï` hg dms bkhbvbhums y km bkv`hbr su gslgr` hg `umkmoï`, gs hgibr, pmr r`zmkgs fbsùrbi`s dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`d lukh`ogk`dgs gs k`ibgrmk imom s`dv`j s`dv`ju` u`rhb rhb`` lrg lrgkg kg `d pmh pmhgr gr hgd Gs`h Gs`hm m y km imo imom m ogi ogi`kb `kbsom som p`r p`r`` mnd mndbj` bj`rr ` gd gs gs`h `hm m ` mm mmrj` rj`rr prgs`ibmkgs, dms hgrgifms surjbgrmk imom ogi`kbsom hg hglgks` y km imom uk` k`dbh`h prgs`ibmk`d.

 

Qmr dm `km bopmkgrdg `d gs`hm gsà i`rj` prgs`ibmk`d gs `djm gxigsbvm qug gsà `nsmdu`ogkg lugr` hg d` dùjbi` prmpb` hg d`s r`zmkgs qug ddgv`rmk ` su gs`ndgiboms. Yg hbsirgp` hg d` bhg` hg qug gd gs`hm hg prgs`ibmkgs pmrqug gsg km gs su rmd imk gd iu`d k`ibù gd gs`hm. BB. Gk sgjukhm duj`r, f`y r`zmkgs hgshg gd pukm hg vbs` hg d`s mndbj`ibmkgs, y hgd iuopdbogkm hg gsms hgrgifms y qug tgkgk qug vgr imk gd fgifm hg qug dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs hgngk pmhgr sgr oghbhms gk iu`km ` su iuopdbobgkm. Qmr gcgopdm gk dms hgrgifms hg prbogr` jgkgr`ibùk gs ouy s`ngr làibd iu`khm gd gs`hm iuopdg m km iuopdg, sâ qug sï gd gs`hm igksur` ` `djubgk gsà vbmd`khm d` dbngr`h hg gxprgsbùk y obgkr`s km igksurg ` k`hbg d` gsà iuopdbgkhm. Nàsbi`ogkg gsms hgrgifms tgkgk uk` gsruiur` sbopdg5 gd rmd hgd gs`hm sg r`huig gk f`igr m km f`igr5 gd gs`hm km pughg pgrcuhbi`r gsms hgrgifms y `opmim pughg hgc`r qug mrms dm f`j`k. Km mns`kg, gk gd i`sm hg dms Hgrgifms Ymib`dgs imom su bopdgogk`ibùk hgpgkhg hg imkhbibmkgs smib`dgs y gimkùobi`s v` ` sgr ouy hbibd ddgj`r ` oghbr sï gd Gs`hm gsà gk iuopdbobgkm m bkiuopdbobgkm. Gc. Q`r` pmhgr gkgr `iigsm ` prgs`ibmkgs hg s`duh f`y qug imk`r imk fmspb`dgs, imk i`obdd`s, imk oghbi`ogkms, gk k, sg tgkg qug imk`r imk uk` sgrbg hg gdgogkms qug gd Gs`hm hgng `hqubrbr, pgrm `hgoàs gd gs`hm `onbâk hgng hgkbr qubgk sg f`rà i`rjm y hg qug km. Gd gs`hm pmr gcgopdm sg f`rà i`rjm hg mh` d` s`duh ukbvgrs`d y `gkhgrà hgshg gd k`ibobgkm f`s` d` ougrg ` d`s pgrsmk`s hg o`kgr` jr`ub`, m gd Gs`hm v` ` lukibmk`r gk uk rmd sunsbhb`rbm, gs hgibr sï d` pgrsmk` km tgkg imom p`j`rsg s`duh prbv`h` gd gs`hm v` ` mmrj`r s`duh póndbi` m gd gs`hm iunrbrà uk hggrobk`hm jrupm hg gklgrogh`hgs hg o`kgr` jr`ub`. Gs bopmr`kg hgs`i`r qug d` hgkbibùk hgpgkhg hg d` i`p`ibh`h gimkùobi` hgd Gs`hm, pmr gcgopdm km sg dg pughg gxbjbr gd obsom sbsgo` hg s`duh póndbi` ` Omz`onbqug qug ` Yugib` pmrqug gsàk gk uk` sbu`ibùk hbstk` smib`d. Gd pukm gs qug km gkjm uk pukm hg imop`r`ibùk, km dg pughm pghbr ` uk p`ïs pmnrg qug iuopd` imom uk p`ïs rbim, `opmim pmhgoms r`z`r uk` dïkg`. ½Iùom sâ sb `djukm hg gsms p`ïsgs iuopdg hgktrm hg sus gstàkh`rgs=

Gk hgkbtv` dms gs`hms gkhràk qug hgibhbr gd gsàkh`r sgjók su prmpb` vmduk`h, gd prmpbm Gs`hm gsà dd`o`hm dd`o`hm ` iuopdbr dms gxrgoms hg su iuopdbo iuopdbobgkm bgkm.. Gk p`d`nr p`d`nr`s `s oàs sbopdgs gd Gs` Gs`hm hm gs gd prmpbm hgstk``rbm hg d` kmro` dm iu`d rmopg uk pmim d` dùjbi` hg d`s mndbj`ibmkgs curïhbi`s gk d`s iu`dgs gs gd mrhgk`obgkm gd qug c` dms gxrgoms hgkrm hg dms iu`dgs hgng iuopdbrsg y km gd hgstk``rbm hg d` kmro`. Gsm imrrgspmkh imrrgspmkhgg ` dm qug sg hgkm hgkmobk` obk` o`rjgk hg `prgib`ibùk gk `djuk`s o`grb`s5 gk hgkbtv` sg dg rgimkmig `d gs`hm uk o`rjgk hg dbngr`h p`r` hgibhbr gd iùom f`ig `djm. Gd o`rjgk hg `prgib`ibùk sg utdbz` kmro`dogkg iu`khm f`nd`oms hg rgd`ibmkgs gkrg mndbj`ibmkgs bkgrk`ibmk`dgs y gd hgs`rrmddm hgd hgrgifm hmoâstim. Wk pukm hg imop`r`ibùk gk vbruh hgd iu`d gd mrhgk`obgkm bkgrk`ibmk`d dg v` ` mmrj`r uk o`rjgk hg rglgrgkib` ` dms mrhgk`obgkms bkgrkms gk gd sgkthm hgd iùom iuopdgk. Gs` hmi hmirbk` rbk` `obkmrù gd bkg bkgrvgk rvgkibmk ibmkbsom bsom bkbi bkbib`d b`d qug uvb uvbgrmk grmk v`rb v`rbms ms mrj` mrj`kbso kbsoms ms bkg bkgrk`i rk`ibmk` bmk`dgs dgs gk rgd`ibùk imk dms hgrgifms hmoâstims. Gk hgkbtv` d` irïti` gs qug sg r`` hg uk` mndbj`ibùk hg oghbms pgrm tgkg uk hggrobk`hm imopmkgkg hg rgsud`hm pmrqug km n`s` imk qug ym pmkj` mhm hg ob p`rg gkjm qug imksgjubr `djukms rgsud`hms oïkboms, gk hgkbtv` og mndbjm ` f`igrdm dm ogcmr pmsbndg. BBB. D` grigr` irïti` gs d` custib`nbdbh`h hg dms hgrgifms smib`dgs, gd prmndgo` hg gsm gsrbn` gk qug

sbgkhm hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs sg gkhrï` qug pmhgr rg`iibmk`r curbshbiibmk`dogkg iu`khm km rgibnm d`s prgs`ibmkgs `smib`h`s ` gsms hgrgifms. Gk ouifms i`sms gd pmhgr rgid`o`r curbshbiibmk`dogkg d`s prgs`ibmkgs rgd`tv`s ` hgrgifms smib`dgs v` ` rmopgr pmr imopdgm gd sbsgo` hg imkrmd curïhbim y gd

 

sbsgo` hg rgp`rm hg imopggkib`s `rbnutv`s qug sg gs`ndgig gk d` p`rg mrjàkbi` hg d` Imkstuibùk dm qug km gs `hobsbndg. Gc.3 I`sm nr`sbdgðm5 f`nï` uk` dmi`dbh`h gk d` sgdv` hgd @o`zmk`s gk Nr`sbd qug km gkï` `iigsm ` uk` gsiugd` y dms kbðms p`r` pmhgr `sbstr ` d` gsiugd` hgnï`k i`obk`r v`rbms ebdùogrms pgrm v`rbms f`nï`k sulrbhm `iibhgkgs gk gd i`obkm, gkmkigs `pmy`hms pmr uk` MKJ gsg jrupm prgsgkù uk` hgo`kh` `kg dms dms r rbn bnuk uk`d `dgs gs nr nr`s `sbdbdgð gðms ms.. Nr Nr`s `sbdbd rg rgim imkm kmib ibù ù y `o `op` p`rù rù,, ` kbvg kbvgdd lg lghg hgr` r`dd im imom om gs` gs`` `d, d, dms dms hg hgrg rgif ifms ms lukh`ogk`dgs hg tpm smib`d y j`r`ktz` gd `iigsm ` uk` fgrr`obgk` cuhbib`d p`r` pmhgr bopgr`r d` ugd`. Gkmkigs gk gd gcgribibm hg gs` l`iud`h sg prgsgkù uk` `iibùk hg ugd` `kg dms rbnuk`dgs nr`sbdgðms y gd Xrbnuk`d hg Qrbogr` Bks`kib` `imjbù d` hgo`kh` gs`ndgibgkhm qug d` l`d` hg uk imdgjbm p`r` uk` imoukbh` imou kbh`h h hg 0111 kbðm kbðmss `prm `prmx. x. gr` id`r id`r`ogk `ogkg g uk` vbmd vbmd`ibùk `ibùk ` su hgrgifm ` ghui ghui`ibùk `ibùk.. Qmr dm `k `km m sg `hmpù imom oghbh` rgoghb`d qug gd gs`hm hgnï` imksrubr nrgvgogkg uk` gsiugd` imk i`p`ibh`h p`r` mhms dms kbðms hg d` imoukbh`h hg omhm `d qug `fï sg pugh` bop`rtr d` ghui`ibùk prbo`rb` y sgiukh`rb`. Ybk gon`rjm, kms gkimkr`oms imk uk prmndgo` gk d` p`rg mrjàkbi`5 rgimrhgoms qug gd imkrmd c`oàs gs

prbo`rbm gs sbgoprg sgiukh`rbm pmrqug gd imkrmd km gs uk dïobg `d pmhgr sbkm qug uk` vgrbi`ibùk ` d` hgdbob`ibùk, gs uk ùrj`km qug imkrmd` km o`kh`, gd ùrj`km imkrmd`kg km prggkhg sustubr d` hgibsbùk, gsà rgvbs`khm sï gsà sg imklmro` m km imk gd p`ràogrm. Nàsbi`ogkg gd prmndgo` gs qug dg gs`oms hbibgkhm `d gcgiutvm y `d dgjbsd`tvm iùom `hobkbsr`r gd prgsupugsm y gsm gs uk` l`iud`h prbv`tv`, `nsmdu` y gxidusbv` hg gsg pmhgr póndbim, `hgoàs dg gs`oms hbibgkhm hgkrm hg quâ pd`zms tgkg qug mo`r gs` hgibsbùk3 0. ½Puâ hgibsbùk tgkg qug mo`r= Imksrubr uk` gsiugd`, bopdgogk`r uk` pmdïti` smib`d ½Dms trbnuk`dgs bopuds`k pmdïi`s smib`dgs, pundbi`s=

^. Km pmrqug km smk ùrj`kms pmdïtims, pmr dm hgoàs iu`khm sg c` uk pd`zm, dg gsà hbibgkhm ` uk ùrj`km hgd gs`hm bkhgpgkhbgkg imom tgkg qug f`igr su r`n`cm y dg hbig dugjm gk qug j`s`rsg dms rgiursms póndbims y gsm gs uk` lukibùk gxidusbv` hgd gcgiutvm y hgd dgjbsd`tvm. Qmr `km, iu`khm d`s sgkgkib`s cuhbib`dgs imkighgk d`s prgs`ibmkgs smdbib`h`s pmr dms rgid`o`kgs, pmr qubgkgs prggkhgk `di`kz`r hggrobk`hms prgs`ibmkgs smib`dgs sgjók dms irïtims km gs pmsbndg bop`rtr  custib` sbk vbmd`r vbmd`r d` sgp`r`ibùk hg ùrj`k ùrj`kms ms y lukibmkgs. Gkmkigs gk gd gcgribibm hg gs` l`iud`h sg prgsgkù uk` `iibùk hg ugd` `kg dms rbnuk`dgs nr`sbdgðms y gd Xrbnuk`d hg Qrbogr` Bks`kib` `imjbù d` hgo`kh` gs`ndgibgkhm qug d` l`d` hg uk imdgjbm p`r` uk` imoukbh`h hg 0111 kbðms `prmx. gr` id`r`ogkg uk` vbmd`ibùk ` su hgrgifm ` ghui`ibùk. Qmr dm `km sg `hmpù imom oghbh` rgoghb`d qug gd gs`hm hgnï` imksrubr nrgvgogkg uk` gsiugd` imk i`p`ibh`h p`r` mhms dms kbðms hg d` imoukbh`h hg omhm `d qug `fï sg pugh` bop`rtr d` ghui`ibùk prbo`rb` y sgiukh`rb`. Ybk gon`rjm, kms gkimkr`oms imk uk prmndgo` gk d` p`rg mrjàkbi`5 rgimrhgoms qug gd imkrmd  c`oàs gs prbo`rbm gs sbgoprg sgiukh`rbm pmrqug gd imkrmd km gs uk dïobg `d pmhgr sbkm qug uk` vgrbi`ibùk ` d` hgdbob`ibùk, gs uk ùrj`km qug imkrmd` km o`kh`, gd ùrj`km imkrmd`kg km prggkhg sustubr d` hgibsbùk, gsà rgvbs`khm sï gsà sg imklmro` m km imk gd p`ràogrm. Nàsbi`ogkg gd prmndgo` gs qug dg gs`oms hbibgkhm `d gcgiutvm y `d dgjbsd`tvm iùom `hobkbsr`r gd prgsupugsm y gsm gs uk` l`iud`h prbv`tv`, `nsmdu` y gxidusbv` hg gsg pmhgr póndbim, `hgoàs dg gs`oms hbibgkhm hgkrm hg quâ pd`zms tgkg qug mo`r gs` hgibsbùk3 0. ½Puâ hgibsbùk tgkg qug mo`r= Imksrubr uk` gsiugd`, bopdgogk`r uk` pmdïti` smib`d ½Dms trbnuk`dgs bopuds`k pmdïi`s smib`dgs, pundbi`s=

 

^. Km pmrqug km smk ùrj`kms pmdïtims, pmr dm hgoàs iu`khm sg c` uk pd`zm, dg gsà hbibgkhm ` uk ùrj`km hgd gs`hm bkhgpgkhbgkg imom tgkg qug f`igr su r`n`cm y dg hbig dugjm gk qug j`s`rsg dms rgiursms póndbims y gsm gs uk` lukibùk gxidusbv` hgd gcgiutvm y hgd dgjbsd`tvm. Qm Qmrr `k `km, m, iu`k iu`khm hm d`s d`s sg sgk kgk gkib ib`s `s cu cuhb hbib ib`d `dgs gs im imki kigh ghgk gk d`s d`s prgs prgs` `ib ibmk mkgs gs sm smdbdbib ib` `h` h`ss pm pmrr dms dms rgid`o`kgs, pmr qubgkgs prggkhgk `di`kz`r hggrobk`hms prgs`ibmkgs smib`dgs sgjók dms irïtims km gs pmsbndg bop`rtr custib` sbk vbmd`r d` sgp`r`ibùk hg ùrj`kms y lukibmkgs.

^gspugst` ` d`s irbtbi`s Gk prbogr duj`r gd rmd fbsùrbim hgd gs`hm fbsùrbi`ogkg k`ig n`cm d` dùjbi` hg uk gs`hm dbngr`d pgrm d`

prmid`o`ibùk hg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs hg imrg smib`d cus`ogkg fbzm v`rb`r ` gs` mrbgk`ibùk hgd gs`hm gk ouifms sgkthms. Gd Gs`hm sg imkvbgrg dugjm hgd rgimkmibobgkm hg dms hgrgifms smib`dgs g bkidusm `cus` bkstuibmkgs hg su p`rg mrjàkbi` p`r` pmhgr rgspmkhgr ` d`s kgigsbh`hgs smib`dgs hgd omogkm pmr `km km gs qug gd gs`hm surjbù y sg qughù gs`ki`hm gk d` âpmi` hgd dbngr`dbsom, sbkm qug gd gs`hm dmjrm gvmduibmk`r f`ib` d` dùjbi` hgd gs`hm smib`d imk pmsgrbmrbh`h. @hgoàs @hg oàs km smd smdm m dms hgr hgrgif gifms ms smi smib` b`dgs dgs smk pr prgs gs`ib `ibmk` mk`dgs dgs,, `onb `onbâk âk f` f`yy hgr hgrgif gifms ms hg prbog prbogr` r` jgkgr`ibùk qug `onbâk gkvugdvgk prgs`ibmkgs, pmr gcgopdm d` ugd` cuhbib`d glgitv` m hgrgifm ` d` `iibùk imkddgv`k prgs`ibmkgs5 f`y qug imksrubr rbnuk`dgs, hgkrm hgngk f`ngr lukibmk`rbms, cugigs, gd sugdhm, dm obsom p`s` imk gd hgrgifm ` sulr`jbm imkddgv` prgs`ibmkgs hbspmkgr hg uk` sgrbg hgi`p`ib`ibmkgs, oghbh`s qug bopdbi`k rgiursms póndbims p`r` pmhgr f`igr glgitvm g d gcgribibm p`r` gd hg gsg hgrgifm. D` gxbsgkib` hg hgrgifms hg prbogr` jgkgr`ibùk imk prgs`ibmkgs km imkddgv` ` iugstmk`r su i`ràigr hg lukh`ogk`dgs, gd fgifm hg qug susibgk prgs`ibmkgs pmr p`rg hgd gs`hm km gs kbkjuk` kmvgh`h y km pughg sgrvbr imom gxius` p`r` kgj`rdg ` dms Hgrgifms Ymib`dgs su i`ràigr bus lukh`ogk`d. Gk sgjukhm duj`r, gkmrkm ` dms gxrgoms hg iuopdbobgkm, gd obsom hgstk``rbm hg d` kmro` dd`o`hm ` `i``rd` gs qubgk hgkg f`s` hmkhg pughg iuopdbr y gsm gs p`rib`dogkg ibgrm, pmrqug  cus`ogkg k`hbg imkmig ogcmr iu`dgs smk d`s imkhbibmkgs smib`dgs smib`dgs y gimkùobi`s qug gd prmpùsbm Gs`hm, y smdm gsg s`ng f`s` quâ gxrgom pughg iuopdbr imk gsms hgrgifms. Yb gs` irïti` sg funbgr` lmroud`hm `kgs hg d` sgjukh` jugrr` oukhb`d gkhrï` mhm gd sgkthm, pgrm gs` gs uk` irïti` pmsgrbmr ` d` gs` jugrr` y pmr gkhg pmsgrbmr `d hgs`rrmddm hgd sbsgo` ukbvgrs`d hg prmgiibùk hg hgrgifms fuo`kms y dms sbsgo`s rgjbmk`dgs hg prmgiibùk hg hgrgifms fuo`kms, y mhms gsms sbsgo`s tgkgk ùrj`kms qug omkbmrg`k gd iuopdbobgkm hg dms hgrgifms smib`dgs. Gk gd àonbm bkgr`ogrbi`km i`sb mhms p`ïsgs f`k `hmp`hm gs`s imkvgkibmkgs rgd`tv`s ` hgrgifms smib`dgs y gk gd rgsm hgd oukhm bju`d imom gs gd i`sm hg Àlrbi`. Kms gkimkr`oms imk qug km gs `k ibgrm qug gd gs`hm sg` gd ódtom cugz ` d` fmr` hg hgkbr f`s` iu iuàk àkhm hm m f`s f`s`` qu quââ gx gxr rgo gom m iu iuop opdg dg im imk k dms dms hgrg hgrgif ifms ms sm smib ib`d `dgs gs pm pmrq rqug ug gs gsms ms ùr ùrj` j`km kmss qug qug v`k v`k omkbmrg`khm ` dms gs`hms dgs v`k pbhbgkhm rgpmrgs pgrbùhbims y obgkr`s oàs `r`s`hm gsg gd gs`hm gk gd iuopdbobgkm hg gsms hgrgifms oàs pgrbùhbims smk dms rgpmrgs Gc. @ Ifbdg sg dg vbgkg mnsgrv`khm hgshg f`ig tgopm, prbkibp`dogkg hgshg dms 21, su bkiuopdbobgkm gk rgd`ibùk imk d` ghui`ibùk, s`duh y gd gs`hm f` fgifm km`ndgs gslugrzms pmr ogcmr`r gsm. ^gimrhgoms qug kugsr` Imkstuibùk tgkg imrg dbngr`d, `sï qug dms hgrgifms smib`dgs sg prmid`o`k gk id`vg dbngr`d y mhm gsm v` ` jgkgr`r gd prmndgo` hg qug gd gs`hm km gsà gk imkhbibmkgs smib`dgs y gimkùobi`s p`r` f`igrdg lrgkg ` gsms hgrgifms. Iu`khm uk gs`hm rgimkmig y `op`r` dms hgrgifms smib`dgs hg o`kgr` pdgk` uk` hg d`s ims`s qug tgkg qug f`igr kgigs`rb`ogkg gs rglmro`r su sbsgo` rbnu`rbm pmhgr rgimdgi`r suibgkgs lmkhms imom p`r` pmhgr p`j`r d`s prgs`ibmkgs qug imkddgv` gd gcgribibm hgp`r` gsms hgrgifms.

 

Kmsmrms gkgoms uk sbsgo` rbnu`rbm qug imnr` pmim y d` o`ymr p`rg hg dms bopugsms prmvbgkg hg jgkg pmnrg, oàs hgd :1% hg d` rgi`uh`ibùk hg dms rbnums gk Ifbdg sg f`igk pmr B\@ y gsg bopugsm gs rgjrgsbvm `sï qug dm grobk` p`j`khm d` jgkg qug km tgkg ogi`kbsoms p`r` imopgks`r dm qug p`j` pmr B\@ 5 Gc. D`s goprgs`s iu`khm imopr`k uk prmhuim y dugjm dm vgkhgk p`j`k gd B\@ pgrm dugjm dg rgi`rj`k gd B\@ `d qug sbjug y pmr `km gddms km p`j`k, gk i`onbm iu`khm uk` pgrsmk` v` `d kgjmibm y imopr` p`k p`j` B\@ y km dm rgiupgr`. Gd sbsgo` gsà hbsgð`hm p`r` ibgrms bkigktvms pgrvgrsms qug f`igk qug sg pugh`k nusi`r gsqugo`s qug km gv`h`k gd bopugsm. Gk tgrigr duj`r, rgspgim ` d` ódto` irïti` gkmrkm ` d` custib`nbdbh`h hg dms hgrgifms smib`dgs, sg dg rgimkmig uk jr`k `pmrg ` gs` irïti` pmrqug glgitv`ogkg gk ouifms i`sms iu`khm sg `hcuhbi`k hgrgifms smib`dgs dm qug sg f`ig gs rmopgr imk d` sgp`r`ibùk hg ùrj`kms y lukibmkgs mrhgk`khm `d gcgiutvm y dgjbsd`tvm qug mogk hgibsbmkgs prbv`tv`s hg gddms. Qmr dm `km sg f` hbifm qug dms cugigs `d bop`rtr custib` hg hgrgifms smib`dgs pughgk f`igr hms ims`s3 - Ymduibùk 03 Hbit`r uk` sgktgkib` gstruitur`d 3 "sgkgkib`s gsruiur`dgs" @qugdd`s qug ` pgs`r hg sgr hbi`h`s gk uk i`sm imkirgm  bgkg bgkgk k pmr mncgtm mncgtm hgkukib`r hgkukib`r uk` sbtu`ibùk sbtu`i bùk jgkgr`dbz` jgkgr`dbz`h` h` hg vudkgr`ibù vudkgr`ibùk k hg hgrgifms hgrgifms, su prmpùsbm gs qug d`s bkstuibmkgs hgd gs`hm imrrbc`k gsm gk d` oghbh` hg sus pmsbnbdbh`hgs, gs hgibr d` sgkgkib` gsruiur`d nusi` gvb`r qug d`s `umrbh`hgs hgd r`om hg f`j`k i`rjm hg gsg prmndgo`. Qmr gcgopdm, gk gd i`sm hgd `iigsm hg d` ghui`ibùk gk Nr`sbd, uk` sgkgkib` gsruiur`d sgrï` `qugdd` qug rgsugdvg qug km smdm gs` imoukbh`h tgkg prmndgo`s hg `iigsm ` d` ghui`ibùk sbkm ouif`s imoukbh`hgs oàs pmrqug gd hgrgifm ` ghui`ibùk tgkg dms sbjubgkgs prmndgo`s y qug pmr `km sg bkvb` ` d`s `umrbh`hgs ` qug gsàs rgsugdv`k gsg prmndgo` ` r`vâs hgd gcgribibm hg sus `rbnuibmkgs, gs hgibr sg imks`` uk` vbmd`ibùk jgkgr`dbz`h` hg hgrgifm y pmr dm obsom km dg imrrgspmkhg `d rbnuk`d km gsà gk pmsbibùk hg `hmp`r uk` hgibsbùk pgrm sï hg bkvb`r m gxfmr`r ` dms ùrj`kms póndbims imopggkgs p`r` qug sg`k gddms qubgkgs bopdgogkgk d` smduibùk . Gs uk` smduibùk o`irm - Ymduibùk >3 Qrmkukib`rsg smdm rgspgitm hgd i`sm p`riud`r

Imks``r d` gxbsgkib` hg d` vbmd`ibùk pgrm `onbâk mrhgk`r ` d`s `umrbh`hgs hgd r`om qug gdd`s sg f`j`k i`rjm hg prmvggr d` smduibùk `d prmndgo` y c`rdgs gvgku`dogkg uk pd`zm p`r` qug iuopd`k d` supgrvbsbùk hg d` sgkgkib`, gs hgibr sg hggi` d` vbmd`ibùk, sg dg hbig ` d` `umrbh`h rgspgitv` qug f`j` `djm `d rgspgim y sg dg sgð`d` uk pd`zm hgkrm hgd iu`d sg v` ` supgrvbs`r gd iuopdbobgkm hg d` sgkgkib`. Gs uk` smduibùk obirm Gkmkigs sg jgkgr` uk gqubdbnrbm m cusm n`d`kig gkrg d` ugd` hg dms hgrgifms pgrm pmr mrm d`hm gd rgs rgspg pgm m pmr d` sgp sgp`r` `r`ibù ibùk k hg ùrj ùrj`km `kmss y luk lukibm ibmkgs kgs,, hg gs` lmr lmro` o` km `p` `p`rgi rgigg uk ùrj ùrj`km `km cuhbi cuhbib` b`dd bopdgogk`hm pmdïti`s pmdïti`s smib`dgs gsg km gs su rmd.

Ygktgkib` i`sm Dutf 02-17->1

Hbi`h` gk Gkgrm hg 0276 gd Xrbnuk`d Imkstuibmk`d Lghgr`d @dgoàk5 gk rgsuogk gd pgrbmhbs` Grbif Dôf dg gopgzù ` hgibr ` d`s pgrsmk`s qug km vbgr`k d` pgdïiud` hgd ibkg`s` F`rd`k pmrqug gr` k`zb. @kg gs` sbu`ibùk gd ibkg`s` hgibhg hgo`kh`r ` Duf pmrqug gs`n` `rrubk`khm su r`n`cm, gs` hgo`kh` gk uk bkbibm gr` ibvbd hg bkhgokbz`ibùk hg pgrcubibms pmr gd nmbim hg Duf imkr` F`rd`k. Gd Xrbnuk`d hg F`nsnurjm `imjg d` hgo`kh` ibvbd `sï qug Duf gs imkhgk`hm ` p`j`r uk` bkhgokbz`ibùk hg `iugrhm ` d`s dgygs ibvbdgs vbjgkgs pmr gd h`ðm p`rbomkb`d, pgrm gd pgrbmhbs` rgiurrg hg `op`rm `kg gd Xrbnuk`d Lghgr`d `dgoàk, hbibgkhm qug d` Custib` Mrhbk`rb`, gki`rk`h` gk gd Xrbnuk`d Yuprgom hg F`nsnurjm, dm imkhgkù ` p`j`r uk`

 

bkhgokbz`ibùk sbk imksbhgr`r qug gxbsgk kmro`s imkstuibmk`dgs qug dg pgrob`k gcgrigr su dbngr`h hg gxprgsbùk. Gkmkigs gd Xrbnuk`d Imkstuibmk`d Lghgr`d `dgoàk gk gsg l`ddm gkhrà qug pmkhgr`r sb d` custib` mrhbk`rb` rgspgù d` imkstuibùk lghgr`d `dgoàk5 hg gs` lmro` gd prmigsm hgc` hg sgr uk` imktgkh` gkrg gd ibkg`s` y gd pgrbmhbs` y p`s` ` sgr uk` imktgkh` gkrg gd pgrbmhbs` y gd rbnuk`d qug dg hbm d` r`zùk `d ibkg`s` pmrqug gk gsg mrhgk`obgkm gd `op`rm ókbi`ogkg sg pughg pd`kg`r lrgkg ` uk ùrj`km hgd gs`hm. Qàjbk` 9, >± pàrr`lm hgd tgxtm3

—Ybk huh` `djuk`, dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs sg gkiugkr`k hgstk`hms ` `sgjur`r gk prbogr duj`r d` gslgr` hg dbngr`h hg dms bkhbvbhums lrgkg ` d`s bkgrvgkibmkgs hg dms pmhgrgs póndbims5 smk hgrgifms hg hglgks` hg dms ibuh`h`kms gk imkr` hgd Gs`hm. Gddm sg hgsprgkhg hg d` gvmduibùk gspbrbu`d hg d` bhg` hg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs, `sï imom hg dms `imkgibobgkms fbsùrbims qug ddgv`rmk ` d` bkimrpmr`ibùk hg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs gk d`s imkstuibmkgs hg i`h` ukm hg dms Gs`hms. Gsg sgkthm tgkgk `onbâk dms hgrgifms hgrgifms lukh`o lukh`ogk`d gk`dgs gs imkgkb imkgkbhms hms gk d` Dgy Lukh` Lukh`ogk` ogk`d,d, d` iu`d iu`d,, `d `kg `kgpmkg pmkgrr gd i`pï i`pïudm udm hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs hgkrm hg d` Imkstuibùk, qubsm rgs`d`r d` prgv`dgkib` hgd sgr fuo`km y hg su hbjkbh`h lrgkg `d pmhgr hgd Gs`hm.‟ D` sgkgkib` rgimkmig qug fbsùrbi`ogkg dms hgrgifms surjbgrmk imom bksruogkm hg hglgks` hg dms bkhbvbhums lrgkg `d pmhgr hgd gs`hm, gs hgibr imom prgrrmj`tv` m l`iud`hgs qug gd mrhgk`obgkm rgimkmig ` dms bkhbvbhums hggrobk`hms gk vbruh hg su hbjkbh`h. Ybk gon`rjm, gk gd sbjubgkg pàrr`lm gd rbnuk`d `jrgj`5

—Qmr mrm d`hm, `onbâk gs ibgrm qug d` Dgy Lukh`ogk`d km prggkhg sgr uk mrhgk`obgkm hg v`dmrgs kgur`d, sbkm qug f` gs`ndgibhm, gk su i`pïudm smnrg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs, uk mrhgk hg v`dmrgs mncgtvm, ` r`vâs hgd iu`d sg pmkg hg o`kbgsm d` hgibsbùk lukh`ogk`d hg lmr`dgigr gd àonbm hg `pdbi` `pd bi`ibù ibùk k hg dms hgr hgrgif gifms ms luk lukh` h`ogk ogk`d `dgs. gs. D` hbj hbjkbh kbh`h `h hgd sgr fu fuo`k o`km m y gd dbnrg dbnrg hgs hgs`rr `rrmdd mddm m hg d` pgrsmk`dbh`h (d` iu`d sg hgsgkvugdvg gk gd bkgrbmr hg uk` imoukbh`h smib`d) lmro`k gd kóidgm hg gsg sbsgo` hg v`dmrgs, gd iu`d imkstuyg, ` su vgz, uk` hgibsbùk curïhbim-imkstuibmk`d lukh`ogk`d, vàdbh` p`r` mh`s d`s gslgr`s hgd hgrgifm5 `sï, gsg sbsgo` hg v`dmrgs `pmr` hbrgitv`s g bopudsms `d Qmhgr Dgjbsd`tvm, ` d` @hobkbsr`ibùk y ` d` Cuhbi`ur`.‟ Gd Xrbnuk`d Imkstuibmk`d Lghgr`d @dgoàk cukm imk gkgr uk` hbogksbùk suncgtv` hg dms hgrgifms `onbâk tgkg uk` hbogksbùk mncgtv`, gs hgibr uk` hbogksbùk qug sg obr` hgshg gd pukm hg vbs` hgd mrhgk`obgkm curïhbim, hg gs` lmro` dms hgrgifms smk prmid`o`ibmkgs gkmrkm ` v`dmrgs qug f` fgifm gd imkstuygkg gk d` imkstuibùk y gs`s hgibsbmkgs v`dùrbi`s smk vàdbh`s p`r` mh`s d`s r`o`s hgd hgrgifm. Nàsbi`ogkg iu`khm gd imkstuygkg hgibhg prmid`o`r uk hgrgifm imk oàs m ogkms `opdbuh5 gs uk` hgibsbùk hgibs bùk bhgmd bhgmdùjbi` ùjbi` qug tgkg imksgiugk imksgiugkib`s ib`s hgrb hgrbv`h` v`h`ss prbk prbkibp`d ibp`dogkg ogkg hgd fgif fgifm m hg qug dms pmhg pmhgrgs rgs póndbims (gcgiutvm, dgjbsd`tvm, cuhbib`d) gsàk mndbj`hms ` hgs`rrmdd`r gsms hgrgifms gk d` lmro` gk qug gd imkstuygkg dm f` prgvbsm. Qmr gcgopdm, sb gkgoms uk` imkstuibùk qug j`r`ktz` gd hgrgifm ` d` s`duh ogkms qug `d hgrgifm hg prm prmpb pbgh` gh`h, h, gk gkmki mkigs gs gs gs`om `omss lrg lrgkg kg ` uk` imk imkst stuib uibùk ùk qu qugg tgk tgkgg uk` hg hggro grobk bk`h` `h` mr mrbgk bgk`i `ibùk bùk bhgmdùjbi`. Gs` hgibsbùk bhgmdùjbi` gs uk` obr`h` qug y` km gsà gklmi`h` gk gd bkhbvbhum tud`r hg gsg hgrgifm sbkm qug gs uk` obr`h` qug sg gsà f`ibgkhm hgshg gd mrhgk`obgkm curïhbim, gs hgibr uk` obr`h` hgshg d` pgrspgitv` hg hgrgifm mncgtvm. Gs` hgibsbùk bhgmdùjbi` tgkg rgpgriusbmkgs pugs gxbsg uk o`kh`m gkmrkm ` qug dms ùrj`kms hgd gs`hm v`y`k hgs`rrmdd`khm hgs`rrmdd`khm sus hgrgifms3

lukh`ogk`dgs gs - Gcgiutvm3 Bopdgogk`r pmdïti` póndbi`s gk gd àonbm hg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`d

 

- Dgjbsd`tvm3 Hgs`rrmdd`r dgj`dogkg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`d lukh`ogk`dgs gs - Cuhb Cuhbib`d ib`d33 Dms Xrbn Xrbnuk`d uk`dgs gs tgkgk qug `hcu `hcuhbi` hbi`rr dms imk imkbims bims hg hgrg hgrgifms ifms lukh lukh`ogk `ogk`dgs `dgs jgkgr jgkgr`khm `khm

bkgrprg`ibmkgs gs`ndgs. bkgrprg`ibmkgs Gk hgkbtv`, mhms dms pmhgrgs póndbims gsàk dd`o`hms ` hgs`rrmdd`r dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs, pgrm gsms hgrgifms km smdm smk hgrgifms hg dms p`rtiud`rgs sbkm qug tgkgk uk` hbogksbùk mncgtv` qug sg rgd`ibmk` imk d` bhgmdmjï` hgd imkstuygkg y gs uk` hgibsbùk qug km smdm v`dg gk gd àonbm hgd hgrgifm imkstuibmk`d pmrqug sb d` imkstuibùk gs d` kmro` hg r`kjm oàs `dm, gkmkigs kbkjuk` rgd`ibùk curïhbi` pughg qugh`r gxgk` `d glgim hg d`s kmro`s imkstuibmk`dgs. Gk mr`s p`d`nr`s5 km sg pughg bkgrprg`r kbkjuk` kmro` hg hgrgifms hg kugsrm mrhgk`obgkm sbk rgspg`r d`s kmro`s hg d` imkstuibùk y gsm bkiduyg `d hgrgifm ibvbd. Gk imkidusbùk…

Gk gd imkbim hg i`sm Duf glgitv`ogkg, hg `iugrhm ` d`s kmro`s hgd hgrgifm ibvbd, imrrgspmkhï` imkighgr uk` bkhgokbz`ibùk hg pgrcubibms, pgrm sb gkgoms prgsgkg qug d` imkstuibùk mom uk` hgibsbùk gk mrhgk ` j`r`ktz`r y prmgjgr d` dbngr`h hg gxprgsbùk, gk ârobkms `k `opdbms imom dm f`ig gk @dgo`kb`, gs` hgibsbùk km pughg sgr mnvb`h` pmr dms cugigs mrhbk`rbms. Qmr dm `km, gd cugz mrhbk`rbm `d km bkidubr gk su v`dmr`ibùk gd hgrgifm ` d` dbngr`h hg gxprgsbùk dg gsà h`khm prglgrgkib` ` kmro`s hgd hgrgifm ibvbd pmr smnrg d`s kmro`s hg d` imkstuibùk dm iu`d bkvbgrg d` cgr`rquï` kmro`tv`. Gk gsg sgkthm gkmkigs, gd l`ddm Duf kms hbig qug dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs tgkgk uk` hmndg i`r` m uk` hmndg k`ur`dgz`3 0. Qmr uk d`hm smk hgrgifms suncgtvms `rbnubhms ` hggrobk`hms tud`rgs >. Qmr mrm d`hm smk v`dmrgs mncgtvms5 smk hgibsbmkgs bhgmdùjbi`s pd`so`h`s pmr gd imkstuygkg y

qug dms hgoàs ùrj`kms hgd gs`hm gs `hm hgngk hgs`rrmdd`r. Qmr gcgopdm5 iu`khm f`ndm hg ob hgrgifm ` d` bju`dh`h `kg d` dgy, gsmy f`nd`khm hg d` bju`dh`h imom hgrgifm suncgtvm, obgkr`s qug iu`khm f`ndm hg d` bju`dh`h prmid`o`h` pmr d` imkstuibùk, gkmkigs d` gsmy bkvmi`khm imom v`dmr mncgtvm. Gk dms mrms pàrr`lms hgd l`ddm `hgoàs gd Xrbnuk`d hgs`i` qug dms imkbims curïhbims sg rgsmdvgràk hgpgkhbgkhm hg d`s kmro`s qug jmnbgrk`k gs` o`grb`. Qmr dm `km, v`oms ` hgibr qug ` p`rtr hg gs` sgkgkib` sg rgimkmig gd hgkmobk`hm — glgitm brr`hb`ktg hg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogkt`dgs‟ gk vbruh hgd iu`d km gxbsg rgd`ibùk curïhbi` kb gxbsg r`o` hgd hgrgifm qug sg` bkoukg ` dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs, gk mr`s p`d`nr`s dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs `pdbi`k ` mh`s d`s rgd`ibmkgs curïhbi`s y ` mh`s d`s r`o`s hgd hgrgifm, gsm sg prmhuig gk vbruh hg su hbogksbùk mncgtv`. @ prmpùsbm hg gsg go` gxbsg uk` imkrmvgrsb` gk Gsp`ð` hg `iugrhm ` d` rgjd`ogk`ibùk dgj`d hgd rgiursm hg `op`rm109 gsg rgqubsbm sg gdbobkù y sg gs`ndgibù imom kugvm rgqubsbm hg `hobsbnbdbh`h qug gd p`rtiud`r `lgi`hm hgnï` gxpdbi`rdg `d rbnuk`d pmrqug d` vudkgr`ibùk qug hgkukib` tgkg suibgkg rgdgv`kib` imom p`r` sgk`r uk` hmirbk` gk o`grb` hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs hg omhm `d qug gd rbnuk`d imkmzi` gd `sukm. Nàsbi`ogkg, gk gd prbogr i`sm f`nï` qug gxpdbi`r iùom sg prmhucm d` dgsbùk hgd hgrgifm pmr p`rg hg uk ùrj`km póndbim, gk gd sgjukhm i`sm f`y qug gxpdbi`rdg `d Xrbnuk`d pmrqug ob i`sm gs bopmr`kg p`r` sgk`r uk` hggrobk`h` hmirbk` imkstuibmk`d jgkgr`d. Gk n`sg ` gs` dgy hgd >109 gd `op`rm gsp`ðmd i`onbù pugsm qug dbob` gd gcgribibm hgd rgiursm hg `op`rm pmr p`rg hgd kugvm bkhbvbhum pugs `hgoàs gd `sukm tgkg qug sgr dm suibgkgogkg bopmr`kg p`r` qug gd Xrbnuk`d sg prmkukibg, gs hgibr qug sg dg pusm ouifm âkl`sbs gk d` hbogksbùk mncgtv` hg dms hgrgifms.

 

Gd `spgitm pmsbvm hgd glgitm brr`hb`ibùk, qug surjg ` prmpùsbm hg gs` sgkgkib`, gs qug jgkgr` uk idbo` curïhbim rgspgumsm hg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs, gs hgibr qug gk d` imoukbh`h curïhbi` sg jgkgr` uk rgspgm f`ib` gsms hgrgifms pugs smk hgibsbmkgs lukh`ogk`dgs v`dbh`s gk mh`s d`s gslgr`s hgd hgrgifm. Ybk gon`rjm, gstg glgitm gkg uk prmndgo` 5 imom dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs `pdbi`k rgspgm hg mh` rgd`ibùk curïhbi` y rgspgm hg mh`s d`s r`o`s hgd hgrgifm, gkmkigs sgrà rgd`tv`ogkg sgkibddm imkvgrtr iu`dqubgr prmndgo` curïhbim gk uk prmndgo` hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs. Gc. Cu`k tgkg uk imkbim imk gd imksgrv`hmr hg nbgkgs r`ïigs pmrqug sg kbgj` bkcusti`h`ogkg ` bksirbnbr gd udm hg prmpbgh`h5 gsg gs uk imkbim hg hgrgifm ibvbd pgrm Cu`k pmhrï` hgibr qug gsg gs uk i`sm gk gd iu`d gd imksgrv`hmr hg nbgkgs r`ïigs gsà vudkgr`khm su hgrgifm hg prmpbgh`h. Wk prmndgo` hg hgrgifm ibvbd sg imkvbrtù gk uk prmndgo` hg hgrgifm lukh`ogk`d. ½Wk` smduibùk ` gstg prmndgo` pmhrï` sgr gd gst`ndgibobgktm hg rgqubsbtms p`r` `iighgr ` d` pmsbnbdbh`h hg dbj`r smnrg hgrgifms lukh`ogkt`dgs=

Gsm jgkgr`rï` mrm prmndgo`, kmro`dogkg dms imkbims hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs sg h`k gk o`rim hg `djuk` rgd`ibùk prggxbsgkg gkrg d`s p`rgs y r`ob`r uk cubibm ibvbd p`r` ddgj`r ` uk` smduibùk mo`rï` hgo`sb`hm tgopm `sï qug ouif`s vgigs gd mrhgk`obgkm rgqubgrg imkstuibmk`dgs qug sg pugh`k bkgrpmkgr hg o`kgr` bkoghb`` `ukqug `djukms mrhgk`obgkms, imom gd mrhgk`obgkm gsp`ðmd, p`r` pmhgr `iibmk`r hg `op`rm prbogrm sg tgkg qug `jm`r mh` d` vï` cuhbib`d mrhbk`rb`, gs hgibr qug sb sg r`` hg uk imkbim hg hgrgifm ibvbd imk `djuk` bopdbi`kib` hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs, gkmkigs prbogrm sg —pgdg`‟ gd imkbim ibvbd, bkvmi`khm gd hgrgifm lukh`ogk`d imoprmogthm, sb gsg hgrgifm km gs s`ib`hm gk  cubibm pughg sgr kgigs`rbm gd `op`rm imkstuibmk`d imkstuibmk`d.. Gd rgiursm hg `op`rm gk Gsp`ð` sg bkgrpmkg gk gd Xrbnuk`d Imkstuibmk`d, Imkstuibmk`d, gk Ifbdg sg bkgrpmkg `kg d` custib` mrhbk`rb`. Bopmr`kg5 gd jr`k pgdbjrm qug supmkg d` sbu`ibùk ogkibmk`h` imk `kgrbmrbh`h sg imkmig imk gd kmonrg hg —Ymnrgimkstuibmk Ymnrgimkstuibmk`dbz`ibùk `dbz`ibùk m bk`ibùk hg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogkt`dgs‟, pmr uk d`hm sb mhm sg rgsugdvg rgiurrbgkhm ` d`s kmro`s hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs gkmkigs gd rgstm hg d`s r`o`s hgd hgrgifm smk bkódgs `d pgrhgr su v`dmr , `hgoàs dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs tgkgk uk imkgkbhm gsgkib`d `sï qug tgkgk uk àonbm gspgiïim hg ugd` qug f`ig qug dms hgrgifms sg`k dm qug smk y km mr` ims`. Yb uk hgrgifm lukh`ogk`d sg gxtgkhg ` sbu`ibmkgs qug kb fbsùrbi`ogkg kb hmjoàti`ogkg dg imrrgspmkhgk, gkmkigs gsg hgrgifm `i`n` hgsk`ur`dbz`hm y gk hgkbtv` grobk` sbgkhm iu`dqubgr ims`. Gs` sbu`ibùk `hgoàs jgkgr` uk` imkjgstùk hgd sbsgo` cuhbib`d gk n`sg ` prmndgoàti`s qug gk rg`dbh`h hgngk rgimkhuibrsg pmr mr` vï`. Qmr gcgopdm, gk kugsrm p`ïs d` bju`dh`h `kg d` dgy y` gsà hgsk`ur`dbz`h`, gs uk` idàusud` gdàsti` qug sbrvg i`sb p`r` iu`dqubgr ims` ` pgs`r hg qug tgkg uk imkgkbhm qug gs ouy prgibsm. ^gimrhgoms qug d` bju`dh`h `kg d` dgy bopdbi`3 - Bju`dh`h hg r`m3 Xr``r bju`d ` dms bju`dgs - Hgrgifm ` d` bju`dh`h pmr gqubp`r`ibùk3 Xr``r hblgrgkg ` dms hblgrgkgs Gc. Yb @ gsà gk uk` sbu`ibùk hbstk` hg N, gkmkigs gd dgjbsd`hmr m d`s `umrbh`hgs hgd pmhgr gcgiutvm tgkgk qug hbsgð`r pmdïti`s qug dms pmkj` gk bju`dh`h hg imkhbibmkgs. ½Gs imoók qug prmndgo`s curïhbims sg tr`obtgk imom prmndgo`s hg hgrgifms lukh`ogkt`dgs gk Ifbdg=

^. Gs oàs imoók qug sg `imc`k rgiursms hg prmgiibùk gk o`grb` km vbkiud`h` ` hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs, ukm hg dms prbogrms rgiursms hg prmgiibùk qug bk`ujurm gs` gkhgkib` lug hgd imdgjbm Zbkhsmr gk \`dhbvb` pmrqug d` hbrgiibùk hg gs`ndgibobgkm mrhgkù qug dms gsuhb`kgs v`rmkgs uvbgr`k gd pgdm hms hghms pmr gkibo` hgd nmrhg hg d` i`obs` pgrm uk jrupm hg `pmhgr`hms gsuvm gk hgs`iugrhm y prgsgkù uk rgiursm hg prmgiibùk hbibgkhm qug gs` oghbh` vudkgr` sus hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs gk

 

jgkgr`d, d` Imrg hg \`dhbvb` rgif`zù gd rgiursm hbibgkhm qug gd gs`ndgibobgkm gkï` gd hgrgifm hg `iugrhm ` gs`ndgigr kmro`s hg imkhui`s `d bkgrbmr hgd gs`ndgibobgkm, pgrm d` Imrg Yuprgo` rgvmi` d` sgkgkib` hg d` Imrg hg \`dhbvb` hbibgkhm qug gd imrg hg pgdm gk dms `duokms imkstuyg uk` oghbh` bdgj`d qug vudkgr` sus hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs gk jgkgr`d. D` vgrh`h, gk gd `kàdbsbs hgd i`sm qugh` d` sgks`ibùk hg qug gk kbkjukm hg dms l`ddms funm uk` hbsiusbùk hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs. Gk imkidusbùk, d` custib` hg hgrgifms hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs gs hgib`rb` gk kugsrm p`ïs.

I`r`itgrïstbi`s hg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogkt`dg lukh`ogkt`dgs3 s3

^mngr @dgxy gk su gxm —dms hgrgifms lukh`ogkt`dgs lukh`ogkt`dgs gk gd gst`hm imkstuibmk`d‟ kms bkhbi` qug gsms hgrgifms tgkgk iu`rm i`r`igrïsti`s prghbi`ndgs gk i`sb mhms dms mrhgk`obgkms, m d` o`ymrï` hg dms mrhgk` mrh gk`ob obgk gkms ms qug rgi rgimkm mkmigk igk hgr hgrgif gifms ms luk lukh`o h`ogk gk`dg `dgs, s, `u `ukqu kqugg @dg @dgxy xy d`s pgk pgksù sù p`r p`r`` gd Ybs Ybsgo go`` Imkstuibmk`dd y hgomiràtim `dgoàk pmr gsm gs kgigs`rbm f`igr `djuk`s prgibsbmkgs p`r` vgr imom gki`c`k Imkstuibmk` gk kugsrm sbsgo` d`s sbjubgkgs i`r`igrïsti`s3 B.

Oàxbom ^`kjm3

Bopdbi` qug dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs gsâk imks`jr`hms gk d` imkstuibùk, pmr dm `km mhms tgkgk d` obso` cgr`rquï` y r`kjm imkstuibmk`d gs`khm gk d` ibo` hg d` pbràobhg y sbgkhm supgrbmrgs ` d`s kmro`s mrhbk`rb`s m imoukgs. Gc. @djuk`s vgigs sg hbig qug gd hgrgifm ` d` vbh` gs gd oàs bopmr`kg hg mhms pgrm ½gsm imom pmhrï` sgr pmsbndg sb mhms dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs tgkgk gd obsom r`kjm= Gk kugsrm mrhgk`obgkm gd `rjuogkm kmro`tvm qug kms pgrobg `ro`r gs` prbogr` i`r`igrïsti` gs gd `r. < bki. 0 IQ^ qug prmid`o` d` suprgo`iï` hg d` imkstuibùk `d bkhbi`r qug dms ùrj`kms hgd gs`hm hgngk sucg`r su `iibùk ` d` imkstuibùk y ` d`s kmro`s hbi`h`s imklmrog ` gdd`.

BBB.

Oàxbo` Lugrz` Curïhbi`

Bopdbi`, gk ârobkms sgkibddms, qug dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs hgn`k sgr bopdgogk`hms pmr ùrj`kms póndbims, vbkiud`k `d gcgiutvm, dgjbsd`tvm y cuhbib`d y `d obsom tgopm su bklr`iibùk prmhuig imksgiugkib`s `km p`r` p`rtiud`rgs p`rtiud`rgs imom p`r` ùrj`kms póndbims pugs k`hbg gs bkoukg curïhbi`ogkg ` gsms hgrgifms. >1-17->1 @iu`dogkg gd p`r`hbjo` bkhbi` qug f`y dgygs gk d` oghbh` hg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs, pmr gs` r`zùk dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs y` km smk —pmgsï` imkstuibmk`d‟ imom hbig @dgxy, pugs d` bklr`iibùk hg gsms hgrgifms tgkgk imksgiugkib`s

 

Gk kugsrm mrhgk`obgkm gd `rjuogkm kmro`tvm qug kms pgrobg `ro`r gs` sgjukh` i`r`igrïsti` gs gd `r. < bki. > y gd `r. 7 bki. > dms iu`dgs rggc`k d` bhg` hg qug dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs tgkgk oàxbo` lugrz` curïhbi`. Gs bkgrgs`kg qug gd `rt. 7 bki. > hbig qug —d` smngr`kï` rgimkmig imom dbob`ibùk gd rgspgm hg dms hgrgifms gsgkib`dgs qug go`k`k hg d` k`ur`dgz` fuo`k`‟, gd imkigptm hg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs gopdg`hm gs o`tgrb`d5 dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs gsàk dbj`hms ` d` hbjkbh`h fuo`k`. Gs` gsbs hg gsgkib`dbh`h hgsoghbh` sg `gkó` `d hgibr qug gsms hgrgifms smk `sgjur`hms pmr d` imkstuibùk y dms r``hms bkgrk`ibmk`dgs bkgrk`ibmk`dgs vbjgkgs, gs` lr`sg kms hgvugdvg ` d` gsbs obx` m hu`d. B\.

Oàxbo` bo bopmrt`kib` hg hgd mn mncgtm

Dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs kmro`dogkg, hgshg uk pukm hg vbs` mkmdùjbim hgsirbptvm, rgjud`k `sukms qug smk hg bopmr`kib` smib`d hg oàxbo` rgdgv`kib`, gk hgkbtv` gsm kms pgrobg smsgkgr qug d` rgjud`ibùk imkgkbh` gk d`s kmro`s smnrg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs imkstuyg ` su vgz d` n`sg p`r` uk` sgrbg hg rgjud`ibmkgs pmsgrbmrgs smnrg `spgims i`pb`dgs hg d` vbh` smib`d, pmdïti`, gimkùobi`, curïhbi`, gi. Gk rgsuogk, gd mncgm m d` o`grb` smnrg d` iu`d vgrs` i`h` ukm hg dms hgrgifms gs hg oàxbo` bopmr`kib` pmrqug sg r`` hg `sukms ouy rgdgv`kgs qug ` su vgz imkstuygk d` n`sg hg uk` sgrbg hg rgjud`ibmkgs. Gc. Gd `r. 02 k± 6 IQ^ `sgjur` ` d`s pgrsmk`s gd hgrgifm ` vbvbr gk uk oghbm `onbgkg dbnrg hg imk`obk`ibùk, y jr`ib`s ` gs` rgjud`ibùk sg f`k hgs`rrmdd`hm uk` sgrbg hg pmdïti`s póndbi`s g bkidusm kugv`s hgd r`o`s hgd hgrgifm imom gd hgrgifm hg dms rgiursms k`ur`dgs, hgrgifm hgd oghbm `onbgkg, gi. gs hgibr qug gd mncgm rgjud`hm gk gs` kmro` gs hg `k` bopmr`kib` qug hg gs` sg hgsprgkhgk uk` sgrbg hg rgjud`ibmkgs udgrbmrgs smnrg `sukms hg bopmr`kib` oàxbo`. Mrm gcgopdm sgrï` gd `r. 02 k±0> IQ^ qug `sgjur` d` dbngr`h hg gobtr mpbkbùk y hg bklmro`r pmr iu`dqubgr oghbm y sbk igksur` prgvb` imkstuyg d` n`sg p`r` gd surjbobgkm hg uk` sgrbg hg rgjud`ibmkgs y `itvbh`hgs hg d` vbh` imthb`k`. Gk mr`s p`d`nr`s dms hgrgifms f`k pgrobthm gs`s hgibsbmkgs nàsbi`s smnrg `spgims suo`ogkg rgdgv`kgs. \.

Oàxbom jr jr`hm hg bbk khgtgrobk`ibùk3

Gs bopmr`kg sgð`d`r qug ` hblgrgkib` hgd mrhgk`obgkm `dgoàk qug @dgxy utdbz` p`r` hgs`rrmdd`r su gmrï`, kugsrm mrhgk`obgkm km imkgopd` hgrgifms imk oàxbom jr`hm hg bkhggrobk`ibùk y gsm tgkgg qug vgr imk gd fgifm hg qug gk @dg tgk @dgo`k o`kb` b` gd imk imkgk gkbhm bhm gsgki gsgkib`d b`d hg dms hgrg hgrgifm ifms, s, gs hgibr hgibr,, gstg imkcuktm hg l`iudt`hgs qug sg hgsprgkhgk hg i`h` ukm hg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`d lukh`ogk`dgs, gs, km vbgkg h`hm pmr gd imk imkst stuyg uygk kgg sbk sbkm m qu qugg gd imk imkgk gkbhm bhm gsg gsgkib kib`d `d hg i`h i`h`` hgr hgrgif gifm m sg v` hg hggro grobk` bk`khm khm i`s i`sm m ` i`s i`sm m hgpgkhbgkhm hg d` `hcuhbi`ibùk qug v`k f`ibgkhm dms rbnuk`dgs, pmr `km gk gd omhgdm @dgoàk dms hgrgifms f`k sbhm imkjur`hms imom hbig @dgxy, imk uk oàxbom jr`hm hg bkhggrobk`ibùk pmrqug su imkgkbhm km gsà prgibs`hm gk d` Imkstuibùk. Ybk gon`rjm, kugsr` Imkstuibùk sï gs`ndgig imk id`rbh`h iuàd gs gd imkgkbhm gsgkib`d hg i`h` ukm hg dms hgrgifms, pmr dm `km kugsrm sbsgo` km tgkg uk oàxbom jr`hm hg bkhggrobk`ibùk, pgrm gd fgifm hg qug gd imkgkbhm gsgkib`d gsâ gxprgs`hm gk d` Imkstuibùk km sbjkbi` qug kugsrms hgrgifms gsâk prgibs`ogkg hggrobk`hms pmrqug dms hgrgifms gsàk gsirbms imk uk` gsruiur` `nbgr` y v`j` sbk hgs`rrmdd`r imopdg`ogkg iu`d gs gd imkgkbhm hgd hgrgifm gk p`rtiud`r, smdm gs`ndgigk iu`d gs gd imkgkbhm gsgkib`d sbk hggrobk`r iu`k prgibsm smk dms `di`kigs hg gsg hgrgifm.

 

Qmr gcgopdm kms v`oms ` gkimkr`r gk d` Imkstuibùk imk lmroud`ibmkgs imom "d` Imkstuibùk `sgjur` ` tmh`s tmh `s d` d`ss pgrsmk pgrsmk`s `s d` bju`dh` bju`dh`h h `kt `ktg g d` dgy", sï nbgk gd imkigpm hg bju`dh`h gs `djm prgibsm, km gsà prgibs`h` gk iu`km ` su `di`kig. Yï nbgk dms hgrgifms hg kugsrm sbsgo` km smk oàxbo`ogkg bkhggrobk`hms imom sï dm smk gk @dgo`kb`, @dgo` kb`, sï tgkg tgkgk k uk `dm jr`hm hg bkhg bkhggrob grobk`ib k`ibùk ùk pmrqug gstàk gsirbtms gsirbtms gk lùroud` jgkârbi` jgkârbi` y gk hgkbtv` v`k ` rgqugrbr hg uk prmigsm bkgrprg`tvm qug kms pgrob` hgsiunrbr m hgsgkr`ð`r su sgkthms y sus `di`kigs. Y`ngoms dm qug gs "bju`dh`h" pgrm p`r` s`ngr sï d` bju`dh`h `pdbi` m km ` uk` hggrobk`h` sbu`ibùk v`oms ` rgqugrbr hg uk gcgribibm bkgrprg`tvm hg d` kmro` p`r` vgr sï `hgoàs gs` kmro` sg `cus` ` d` rg`dbh`h hgd i`sm p`rtiud`r, y pmr `km, gsà kgigsbh`h hg bkgrprg`ibùk qug tgkgk dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs dms imkvbgrg gk prgigpms hg imkgkbhm `d`ogkg bkhggrobk`hm gk kugsrm sbsgo`. Gsà bhg` hg qug dms hgrgifms kgigsbgk bkgrprg`ibùk h`hm qug gsàk gsirbms gk lùroud`s qug smk jgkârbi`s, qug smk `nbgr`s, qug smk v`j`s, v` ` gkr`ð`r uk` lmrt`dgz` pgrm `d obsom tgopm v` ` gkr`ð`r uk pgdbjrm. 0. D` lmr mrt` t`ddgz` gz`

@ hblgrgkib` hg mr`s kmro`s rgh`i`h`s gk ârobkms oàs igrr`hms imk gsruiur` hg rgjd` y imk uk imkgkbhm prgibsm c`hm gk mhms sus gxrgoms pmr d` `umrbh`h, dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs d` `pgrur`, gd i`ràigr jgkârbim y v`jm hg su kmro` v` ` pgrobtr qug, sbk kgigsbh`h hg qug oghbg uk` rglmro`, gs`s kmro`s ` r`vâs hg d` bkgrprg`ibùk sg pughgk br `cus`khm ` d` rg`dbh`h smib`d qug gs sbgoprg i`onb`kg, gs hgibr, h`hm qug kmsmrms km gxprgs`oms hg o`kgr` lârrg` iu`d gs gd `di`kig hg dms hgrgifms, ` r`vâs hg gcgribibms bkgrprg`tvms gd imkgkbhm hg dms hgrgifms sg pughg br `iu`dbz`khm pgrbùhbi`ogk pgrbùhbi`ogkg. g. >. Gd Qgdbjrm3

^gs`d` d` rgdgv`kib` hg d` bkgrprg`ibùk curïhbi` gk o`grb` hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs, @dgxy hbig qug f`y oàs hgr hgrgif gifm m imk imkst stuib uibmk` mk`dd gk d` nbn nbndbdbmg mgi` i` hgd Xrb Xrbnuk nuk`d `d Imkst Imkstui uibmk bmk`d `d qug gk d` obs obso` o` Imkstuibùk, pmrqug gk d` nbndbmgi` gsàk `rifbv`h`s d`s sgkgkib`s hmkhg gd Xrbnuk`d hbig dm qug d` Imkstuibùk hbig. Gk mr`s p`d`nr`s gs oàs bopmr`kg dm qug gd bkârprgg hbig `igri` hg d` kmro` qug dm qug d` obso` kmro` bkhbi` gk o`grb` hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs y gsm `onbâk gkr`ð` uk pgdbjrm. @ r`vâs hgd gcgribibm bkgrprg`tvm pmhrï`oms hgspgr`r d` gk`ibùk gk hg dms cugigs hg f`igr `itvbsom cuhbib`d y hg qug dms cugigs qubgr`k vgr gk d` Imkstuibùk hgrgifms m gxgkhgr d` prmgiibùk hg hggrobk`hms hgrgifms ` àonbms qug kb fbsùrbi`ogkg kb hmjoàti`ogkg dg imrrgspmkhgk, pmhrï`oms gkimkr`rkms imk cugigs qug hgsiunrgk kugvm hgrgifm gk d` Imkstuibùk m pmhrï`oms gkimkr`rkms imk sbu`ibmkgs gk d`s iu`dgs sg prmhuig qug d` obkmrï` pmdïti` qug km dmjrù f`igr prgv`dgigr su bkgrprg`ibùk smnrg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs gk gd sgkm hg dms prmigsms hgomiràtims, imom d` `prmn`ibùk hg uk` dgy, dmjr` hg mhms omhms ` r`vâs hg uk gcgribibm bkgrprg`tvm mrigr d` o`km hg d` hgomir`ib` y gk kmonrg hg dms hgrgifms j`k`r, rbukl`r y hg gsm omhm f`igr qug d` vbsbùk hg d` obkmrï` rbuklg pmr smnrg d` hg d` o`ymrï o`y mrï`. `. @dg @dgxy xy dm hb hbig ig gk su gxm "d`s obkmrï`s qug km smk i`p`igs hg bopmkgrsg gk gd cugjm pmdïim  pughgk trbukl`r ` tr`vâs hgd trbnuk`d imkstuibmk`d"5 imkstuibmk`d"5 gs uk rbuklm pmr sgirg`rb` y hg gsg omhm sunvgrtr d` hgomir`ib` gk kmonrg hg dms hgrgifms. Gsm qug @dgxy pd`kg` f` p`s`hm gk kugsrm mrhgk`obgkm ouif`s vgigs3 Gd ódtom gcgopdm lug iu`khm sg prmhucm d` hbsiusbùk hg d` rglmro` d`nmr`d gk tgopms hgd sgjukhm jmnbgrkm hg Obifgddg N`ifgdg5 gdd` qugrï` lmr`dgigr dms sbkhbi`ms : `sï qug gkvbù uk prmygim hg dgy hg rglmro` d`nmr`d hg tud`rbh`h sbkhbi`d gd iu`d gs`ndgiï` qug gd gopdg`hmr pmhï` kgjmib`r imkhbibmkgs

 

d`nmr`dgs oàs vgk`cms`s ókbi`ogkg imk sbkhbi`ms y qug sï gd gopdg`hmr kgjmib`n` d`s imkhbibmkgs imk gd sbkhbi`m dugjm gs`s imkhbibmkgs km pmhï`k gxgkhârsgd`s ` dms r`n`c`hmrgs km sbkhbi`dbz`hms. Gk Ifbdg imom imo m dms sbk sbkhb hbi` i`ms ms smk hân hânbdg bdgss kmr kmro`d o`dogk ogkg g gd gop gopdg` dg`hmr hmr kgj kgjmib mib`` imk gd Ybk Ybkhbi hbi`m `m y dugjm dugjm p`r p`r`` hgsbkigktv`r qug d` jgkg sg uk` dg gxtgkhg dms obsoms ngkgibms `d rgsm hg r`n`c`hmrgs, gkmkigs gd prmygi prm ygim m hg N`i N`ifgd fgdg g gk gkï` ï` imo imom m prm prmpùs pùsbm bm qug dms r` r`n`c n`c`h `hmrg mrgss sg `d `db`r b`r`k `k ` dms sbk sbkhb hbi` i`ms ms y qug kgjmib`r`k mhms cukms y qug dms ngkgibms hgd sbkhbi`m smdm lugr`k `pdbi`ndgs ` gddms, y `quï sg prmhucm uk` hbsiusbùk gk gd Imkjrgsm K`ibmk`d pmrqug uk jrupm hg p`rd`ogk`rbms hg hgrgif` gsto`n`k qug gd prmygim gr` imkr`rbm ` d` Imkstuibùk pmr `lgi`r gd hgrgifm ` prmpbgh`h, gkrg gd gopdg`hmr y d` dbnrg bkbib`tv` gimkùobi` hgd gopdg`hmr gk mrhgk ` mrj`kbz`r d` goprgs` hg `iugrhm ` su ogcmr p`rgigr pmrqug sï gd gopdg`hmr qugrï` gkrgj`rdg dms ngkgibms ` mhms dms r`n`c`hmrgs gsm gs p`rg hg su dbngr`h hg goprgs`, pmr dm `km gd prmygim hg dgy vudkgr`n` gd `r. 02 k±>0 —dbngr`h hg goprgs`‟ y gd `r. 02 k±>8 —hgrgifm hg prmpbgh`h‟, obgkr`s qug d` n`ki`h` mib`dbs` smsgkï` qug gd prmygim gr` pgrlgi`ogkg imklmrog imklm rog ` d` Imkstu Imkstuibùk ibùk pmrq pmrqug ug gd prmygitm prmygitm km nusi` nusi`n` n` vbmd`r dms hgrgifms hgd gopdg`hmr sbkm qug lmrt`dgigr lmrt`d gigr `d sbkhbi`tm sbkhbi`tm dm qug `hgoàs gs uk` hguh` pgkhbgkg gk o`grb` hg hgrgifms d`nmr`dgs y qug v`rbms v`r bms mrj mrj`kb `kbsom somss bk bkgr grk`i k`ibmk bmk`dg `dgss f`n f`nï`k ï`k fgi fgifm fm vgr rgs rgspgi pgim m hg gs gs`` o` o`grb grb`. `. Nàs Nàsbi` bi`ogk ogkg g gs uk uk`` dbob`ibùk ` d` dbngr`h hg goprgs`, pgrm gs uk` dbob`ibùk qug sg custi` p`r` lmr`dgigr mrm hgrgifm lukh`ogk`d5 d` sbkhbi`dbz`ib sbkhbi`dbz`ibùk. ùk. Hg gs` lmro` sg prmhucm uk` hbsiusbùk gk mrkm ` d` mrbgk`ibùk hg gsms hgrgifms gkrg dms `di`kigs hg d` dbngr`h hg goprgs` v/s dms `di`kigs hgd hgrgifm ` d` sbkhbi`dbz`ibùk. Lbk`dogkg gsm sg vmù gk gd imkjrgsm k`ibmk`d y j`kù d` pmsur` hg qubgkgs hbcgrmk qug gd prmygim km gr` bkimkstuibmk`d sbkm qug nusi`n` rglmrz`r gd hgrgifm ` d` sbkhbi`dbz`ibùk sbkhbi`dbz`ibùk.. Ybk gon`rjm, d` obkmrï` p`rd`ogk`rb` qug pgrhbù gk d` hbsiusbùk, gdgvù uk rgqugrbobgkm `kg gd

rbnuk`d imkstuibmk`d y gd XI imkmibgkhm hg gsg rgqugrbobgkm `imjbù d` bopujk`ibùk y hgid`rù qug gd prmygim hg dgy hg tud`rbh`h sbkhbi`d gr` imkr`rbm ` d` imkstuibùk pmrqug jgkgr`n` uk` vudkgr`ibùk hg d` dbngr`h hg goprgs` hg dms gopdg`hmrgs gk mrhgk ` mrj`kbz`r dms rgiursms hg su goprgs` imom gddms qubsbgr`k. Gsg gs uk id`rm gcgopdm gc gopdm hgd i`sm qug hgsirbng @dgxy gk g k su gxm, gs hgibr, d` obkmrï` pmdïti` qug lug bki`p`z hg f`igr prgv`dgigr su bkgrprg`ibùk smnrg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs gk gd cugjm hgomiràtim pughg ` r`vâs hgd rbnuk`d imkstuibmk`d sunvgrtr d` hgomir`ib` g bopmkgr su hbsiursm smnrg dms hgrgifms pmr d` vï` curbshbiibmk`d. Gd rmd hg dms cugigs gs suo`ogkg bopmr`kg pmrqug gd pmhgr qug gddms tgkgk gk o`grb` hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs pmrqug dms hgrgifms hgo`kh`k bkgrprg`ibùk y `d hgo`kh`r d` bkgrprg`ibùk v`oms ` rgqugrbr hgd cugz imkstuibmk` imkstuibmk`dd p`r` qug ddgvg ` i`nm gs gsà à bkgrprg`ibùk qug bkhbi` iu`dgs smk dms imkmrkms hg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs. Qmr gsm sg hbig qug tgkgk uk `dm jr`hm hg bkhggrobk`ibùk, gk hgkbtv` gd rmd hg dms cugigs imkstuibmk`dgs imkstuibmk`d gs gk o`grb` hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs gs ouy rgdgv`kg. Dms kmrg`ogrbi`kms hbigk qug dms cugigs gk o`grb` hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs jmz`k hg uk pmhgr hg gkobgkh`, " `ogk `ogkhogk hogktt pmwgr", pmwgr", hbigk qug gd pmhgr qug tgkg gd cugz imkstuibmk`d iu`khm bkgrprg` hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs gs p`rgibhm `d pmhgr hg d` rglmro` imkstuibmk`d pmrqug sï gd cugz hbig qug d` Imkstuibùk prmid`o` uk hggrobk`hm hgrgifm, gkmkigs km i`ng huh` hg qug d` Imkstuibùk prmid`o` gsg hgrgifm `ukqug km dm hbj` gxprgs`ogkg. Qmr gcgopdm, gk gd mrhgk`obgkm @ogrbi`km gk kbkjuk` p`rg hg d` Imkstuibùk us` d` p`d`nr` —prbv`ibh`h‟‟ pgrm gs uk hgrgifm qug f` sbhm hgs`rrmdd`hm curbspruhgkib —prbv`ibh`h curbspruhgkib`dogkg `dogkg gs ukm hg dms hgrgifms oàs bopmr`kgs, d` pbghr` `kjud`r hgd sbsgo` curïhbim kmrg`ogrbi`km. Gkmkigs, `ddï kms v`oms ` gkimkr`r imk uk i`sm hg gs` k`ur`dgz`, gs hgibr, uk hgrgifm qug f` sbhm hgsiunbgrm pmr d` curbspruhgkib` y

 

imksmdbh`hm ` dm d`rjm hg ouif`s hâi`h`s f`ibgkhm uk gcgribibm bkgrprg`tvm sbobd`r `d hg uk` rglmro` imkstuibmk`d.. @fï gsà d` bopmr`kib` hg d` bkgrprg`ibùk hg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs, y hgd `dm jr`hm imkstuibmk`d hg bkhggrobk`ibùk.

Ygjukhm gcgopdm I`sm `nmrtm gk 9 i`us`dgs3 Xrbuklù d` obkmrï` gk uk` p`rg hg d` sgkgkib` pmrqug gd rbnuk`d hgsiunrbù gk `djuk` p`rg hg d` Imkstuibùk gd "hgrgifm ` d` mncgibùk hg imkibgkib` bkstuibmk`d" qug kbkjók `umr, pmr oàs `uh`z qug lugr`, dm f`nï` gkgkhbhm bkimrpmr`hm gk gd gxm hg d` Imkstuibùk pgrm gd Xrbnuk`d —dm vbm‟ `fï hbibgkhm qug gxbsg gsg hgrgifm hg mncgibùk hg imkibgkib` bkstuibmk`d, dm l`nrbiù p`r` gd i`sm y imom gd hgrgifm gxbs` sg hgid`rù d` bkimkstuibmk`dbh`h hg uk` hggrobk`h` kmro` qug gr` n`s`kg imkrmvgrsb`d hgkrm hgd prmygim hg dgy. Gd Xrbnuk`d km smdm bopusm su vbsbùk rgspgim hg dms hgrgifms, uk` vbsbùk qug `hgoàs sg gxgkhï` uk hgrgifm qug km gsà gk d` Imkstuibùk y qug kb fbsùrbi` kb hmjoàti`ogkg d` mncgibùk hg imkibgkib` sg f` gxgkhbhm ` d`s pgrsmk`s curïhbi`s, c urïhbi`s, sbkm qug `onbâk gd XI usurpù d` lukibùk hgd dgjbsd`hmr. Gsg rbgsjm qug gkr`ð` mhm imkrmd hg imkstuibmk`dbh`h imkstuibmk`dbh`h,, pgrm gkgoms qug gkgr prgsgkg qug p`r` qug gd rbnuk`d pugh` smrg`r gsg gsimddm y hgid`rg d` bkimkstuibmk`dbh`h bkimkstuibmk`dbh`h hg d` dgy sbk mrigr kgigs`rb`ogkg d` o`km hg d` hgomir`ib` m mribgkhm d` o`km hg d` hgomir`ib` pgrm imk `djuk` r`zùk hg pgsm p`r` f`igrdm, gd XI imom hbig @dgxy tgkg qug f`igrdm ` r`vâs hg `dms gsàkh`rgs hg r`ibmk`dbh r`ibmk`dbh`h. `h. @dgxy hgshg hbig y` dmshg cugigs rgprgsgk`k qug pmdïti`ogkg ibuh`h`kï` ` dmgsàkh`rgs ogkms d` rgprgsgkgk gd qug pukm vbs` km `rjuogk`tvm, ` dm ogkms`gdd`rbnuk`d gkj`qug `dms hb hbsi sius usbv bvms ms qu qugg dg pgro pgrob b`k `k cu cust sti i`r `r sus sus hg hgib ibsb sbmk mkgs gs,, hg om omhm hm `d `d qug qug sï nbgk nbgk d` ibuh ibuh`h `h`k `kï` ï` km kgigs`rb`ogkg qughg pgrsu`hbh` pmr d`s r`zmkgs, ` dm ogkms qug qughg imkvgkibh` qug d`s r`zmkgs hg lmkhm smk nugk`s, pgrm gkmrkm ` gsms gsàkh`rgs hg r`ibmk`dbh`h gs dm qug sg gspgr` gk lukibùk hg qug gsm km sg r`g hg uk ogrm gcgribibm hg pmhgr tràkbim y sg r`g hg uk` hgdbngr`ibùk imk uk hbsiursm qug d` susgkg. Qmr gcgopdm5 i`sm hg d` imrg Yuprgo` hg GGWW smnrg l`ddm hgd o`rbomkbm hg pgrsmk`s hgd obsom sgxm (l`ddm hg 7/8)3 Dms obkbsrms qug gs`n gs`n`k `k ` l`vmr hg hgid`r` hgid`r`rr d` bkimkstuibmk` bkimkstuibmk`dbh`h dbh`h hg d`s dgygs qug rghuiï`k gd o`rbomkbm gkrg uk fmonrg y uk` oucgr gkï`k uk` pmsbibùk curïhbi`ogkg lukh`h` gk mrkm ` d` gkobgkh` 08 hg d` Imkstuibùk hg GGWW qug ogkibmk` d` bju`d prmtgiibùk hg d` dgy hbibgkhm qug d`s dgygs qug pgrobgk gd o`rbomkbm smdm gkrg fggrmsgxu`dgs jgkgr`n`k i`s`s hg ibuh`h`kms3 - Wk` i`s` prbvbdgjb`h`3 dms fggrmsgxu`dgs - Wk` i`s` km prbvbdgjb` prbvbdgjb`h`3 h`3 dms fmomsgxu`dgs Qmr mr` p`rg, gd vmm hg obkmrï` hgiï` qug, oàs `ddà hg d` hbsiusbùk hg lmkhm smnrg d` gkobgkh` 08, f`nï` qug gkgkhgr qug d` rgjud`ibùk hg d`s o`grb`s hg l`obdb` gr`k imopggkib` hg i`h` ukm hg dms gs`hms lghgr`hms km hg d`s bkstuibmkgs lghgr`dgs imom gs d` imrg suprgo` y qug pmr `km sï d` imrg suprgo` dgj`dbz`h` gk mhms dms gs`hms gd o`rbomkbm bju`db`rbm bn` ` usurp`r d` lukibùk hg dms imkjrgsms gs``dgs qug gr`k dms dd`o`hms ` rgjud`r gd hgrgifm hg l`obdb` gk i`h` ukm hg dms gs`hms. Dms hms `rjuogkms smk curïhbi`ogkg nugkms5 sg susgk`k gk uk hbsiursm gd`nmr`hm y gk d` oghbh` qug gsm p`sg @dgxy hbig "dms cugigs iuopdgk imk su imoghm" Gk Ifbdg miurrg `djm hbstkm5 s`ngoms qug kugsrm Xrbnuk`d Imkstuibmk`d gsà ouy dgcms hg gkgr `dms gsàkh`rgs hg r`ibmk`dbh`h, kugsrm Xrbnuk`d gk d`s sgkgkib`s oàs nbgk gxpmkg r`zmkgs pmdïti`s, mpbkbmkgs pgrsmk`dgs, ib`k `djukms `umrgs, bkidusm ` vgigs f`y l`ddms hg :11 pàjbk`s ddgk`s hg hmirbk`, pgrm gk rg`dbh`h d` rgsmduibùk hgd Xrbnuk`d km sg `rtiud` gk r`zùk hg kbkjuk` hg gs`s r`zmkgs hmirbk`dgs sbkm qug sg f`ig gk prmndgo` n`sg ` r`zmkgs mr`gsàkh`rgs k`ur`dgz`, gkmkigs kugsrm suprgom bkârprgg hg d` Imkstuibùk tgkg uk gkmrkmhg` dms hg r`zmk`obgkm r`zmk`obgkm. .

 

@lmruk`h`ogkg imom gk kugsrm sbsgo` d`s `iibmkgs prmgimr`s hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs km @lmruk`h`ogkg gsàk gk o`kms hgd Xrbnuk`d Imkstuibmk`d sbkm qug gsàk gk o`kms hg d` custib` mrhbk`rb`, `onbâk smk dms cugigs mrhbk`rbms gk kugsrm p`ïs qubgkgs hgs`rrmdd`k dms hgrgifms y qug f`k bkgrprg`hm hg o`kgr` uk sgkthm uk pmim oàs âikbim d`s kmro`s hg hgrgifm lukh`ogk`dgs, `sï qug gk gsg sgkthm `d ogkms sg imopgk imo pgks` s` gd hâ hâib ib hgd Xrb Xrbnuk nuk`d `d Imk Imkst stuib uibmk` mk`dd imk uk` cur curbsp bspruh ruhgki gkib` b` oàs m ogk ogkms ms gs gs`nd `ndgg hg dms rbnuk`dgs supgrbmrgs. H`hm qug dms cugigs tgkgk uk gkmrog pmhgr ` d` fmr` hg bkgrprg`r… ½Gxbstg `djók p`ràogtrm hg bktgrprgt`ibùk m `djuk` lmro` hg hgdbobt`r m gst`nbdbz`r gstg gkmrog pmhgr=

^. Gk hg hgkb kbtv` tv` p`r` im`r im`r`r `r gs` mo` hg hgibs hgibsbmk bmkgs gs qug dms cugigs tgkgk y gk d` iu`d p`rgi gk sgr `nsmdu`ogkg smngr`kms, v` ` hgpgkhgr, pmr gcgopdm gk gd i`sm hg @dgo`kb` km f`nrà ouif` rgsrbiibùk ` d` fmr` hg bkgrprg`r, iu`khm dms cugigs bkgrprg`k d` Imkstuibùk hgngk f` igrdm ` d` duz hg d` bhgmdmjï` gxprgs` gxprg s` gk d` Imkst Imkstuib uibùk, ùk, pgrm gk gd i`sm ifbdgkm rgimrhgoms qug h bcboms qug dms hgrgifms tgkgk uk imkgkbhm gsgkib`d gxprgs`hm gk d` Imkstuibùk, pmr `km, iu`khm gd  cugz bkgrprg` dms hgrgifms dm f`ig hgshg gd imk imkgkbh gkbhm m gsgkib`d hg i`h` ukm hg gddms, km gs qug sg bkgrprgg gd hgrgifm ` su o`kgr`, km gs qug gd cugz imkstuibmk`d dg pugh` h`r `d hgrgifm gd imkgkbhm qug qubgr` pmrqug gsg imkgkbhm vbgkg prg hgkbhm pmr gd imkstuygkg. Gk kugsrm i`sm pmr gcgopdm gd hgrgifm ` d` dbngr`h hg gxprgsbùk gk d` Imkstuibùk Ifbdgk` kms hbig id`r`ogkg iuàd gs su imkgkbhm gsgkib`d3 - Dbngr`h hg gobtr mpbkbùk - Bklmro`r pmr iu`dqubgr oghbm y sbk igksur` prgvb`

Yï gd cugz qubgrg vgr mr` ims` gk gs` kmro` imkstuibmk`d sg gqubvmi` pmrqug gd imkgkbhm gsgkib`d hg gsg hgrgifm vbgkg prgc`hm, pmr gs` r`zùk kugsr` imkstuibùk v` ` dbob`r d` `itvbh`h bkgrprg bkgrprg`tv` `tv` hg d` hgkbibùk hgd imkgkbhm gsgkib`d hg gsg hgrgifm pmrqug gd cugz km gkhrà uk `opdbm o`rjgk p`r` rgprgsgk`rsg qug gd hgrgifm lukh`ogk`d gs iu`dqubgr ims`, sbkm qug gd hgrgifm gs su imkgkbhm gsgkib`d c`hm pmr gd imkstuygkg qug dm gs`ndgig. Ybk gon`rjm, gk mrms mrhgk`obgkm imom gd `dgoàk gsg o`rjgk hg dbngr`h gs oàs `opdbm, pmr gsm @dgxy f`nd` hg uk oàxbom jr`hm hg bkhggrobk`ibùk, obgkr`s qug gk Ifbdg gkgoms uk `dm jr`hm hg bkhggrobk`ibùk, `d bju`d qug dms kmrg`ogrbi`kms pugs dms hgrgifms gk su Imkstuibùk km tgkgk c`hm uk imkgkbhm gsgkib`d, gsg imkgkbhm gs c`hm d` curbspruhgkib curbspruhgkib`. `. Iu`kh Iu` khm m gd Xrb Xrbnuk nuk`d `d Imkst Imkstui uibmk bmk`d `d luk lukh`o h`ogk gk`` sus rgs rgsmdu mduibm ibmkgs kgs,, pgr pgrob obgg uk` uk` su sugr grgg hg rgimkibdb` rgimk ibdb`ibùk ibùk gkrg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs y d` hgomir`ib` m pgrobg imkr`rrgs`r m r``r hg gdbobk gdb obk`r `r gd ims imsg g hgo hgomir miràti àtim, m, gd ims imsm qug sbjkb sbj kbi` i` d` hgi hgid`r d`r`ib `ibùk ùk hg bkimk bkimkst stuib uibmk` mk`dbdbh`h h`h hg uk uk`` hggrobk`h` kmro` gk pms hglgkhgr dms m hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs.

½Hgomiràtbims m ½Hgomiràtbims `ktbhgomiràtbims= @dgxy hb @dgxy hbig ig dms hgr hgrgif gifms ms luk lukh`o h`ogk gk`dg `dgss smk prm prmluk lukh`o h`ogk gkgg hgo hgomir miràt àtims ims y prmlu prmlukh` kh`ogk ogkg g `kthgomiràtims3

½Qmr quâ smk prmlukh`ogktg hgomiràtbims=

 

Qmrqug gs`ndgigk imkhbibmkgs oïkbo`s p`r` gd hgs`rrmddm hg d` hgomir`ib` imom gd hgrgifm ` sulr`j sul r`jbm bm `it `itvm vm y p`s p`sbv bvm, m, hgr hgrgif gifm m ` `sm `smib` ib`ibù ibùk k qu qugg pgr pgrob obgg lmr lmro`r o`r p`r p`rth thms ms pmd pmdïti ïtims, ms, d` dbngr dbngr`h `h hg gxprgsbùk qug `d obsom tgopm j`r`k` hgd pdur`dbsom bhgmdùjbim gkbgkhm uk` dbngr`h hg imkibgkib` qug og pgrobg `hfgrbr gd imkcukm hg pmsbibmkgs qug ym gstog pgrtkgkgs. Nàsbi`ogkg dms hgrgifms km smdm pmsbnbdb`k d` hgomir`ib` sbkm qug smk imkhbibùk hg d` obso`.

½Qmr quâ smk prmlukh`ogktg `ktbhgomiràtbims `ktbhgomiràtbims==

Qmrqug gk uk` hgomir`ib` d` rgjd` qug rbukl` gs hg d` o`ymrï` qug hgngrï` sgr i`p`z hg irg`r y hgsf`igr hgkrm hgd mrhgk curïhbim mhm `qugddm qug qubgr`. Ybk gon`rjm, dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs smk prmlukh`ogkg `kthgomiràtims pmrqug smk gd ókbim gdgogktm qug gstà dgcms hgd `di`kig hg d`s o`ymrï`s p`rd`ogkt`rb`s, uk` o`ymrï` gk gd Imkjrgsm km v` pmhgr omhbi`r dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs imk su sbopdg `iugrhm g bkidusm uk` o`ymrï` iu`dbi`h` `opmim v` ` pmhgr `dgr`rdms pmrqug d` hgibsbùk hg gs`nd gs `ndgig gigrr dms hgr hgrgif gifms ms `d `ddïdï gs hgd imk imkst stuy uygk gkgg y gd imk imkgk gkbhm bhm hg dms hgr hgrgif gifms ms luk lukh` h`ogk ogk`d `dgs gs gs bkhbspmkbndgg p`r` gd dgjbsd`hmr pmrqug gsg km tgkg pmhgr p`r` hgibhbr sï dms prmgjg m km, sb km qug gd ókbim bkhbspmkbnd o`rjgk hg hbsirgibmk`dbh`h qug gd dgjbsd`hmr tgkg gs hgibhbr iùom dms prmgjg, pgrm km tgkg hgrgifm ` hgibr sï dms prmgjg m km. Gd prmlgsmr \bimr Lgrrghg hbig qug `d obsom tgopm gsms hgrgifms smk `kthgomiràtims pmrqug dms hgrgifms gsàk gki`obk`hms ` prmgjgr ` dms qug pbgks`k hbstkm, ` dms hbsbhgkgs, ` dms o`rjbk`dgs, nàsbi`ogkg ` mhms dms qug hg `djuk` o`kgr` hgs``k d`s kmro`s gs`ndgibh`s, pmr dm `km gsms km smk hgrgifms gs`ndgibhms gk l`vmr hg gsà o`ymrï` qug sg `omdh` m qug imdo` dms gsàkh`rgs smib`dgs, sbkm oàs nbgk p`r` mhms `qugddms qug km `di`kz`k ` imdo`rdms hg `djuk` o`kgr`, pmr gsm smk hgrgifms qug gsàk mrbgk`hms ` prmgjgr ` jrupms obkmrb`rbms. D` vgrh`h gs qug gsg imkigpm hg o`ymrï` y obkmrï` gs `nsmdu`ogkg rgd`tvm, rgd`tvm, smoms mhms gk `djók sgkthm pgrgkgibgkgs ` uk` obkmrï`, p`rtgkhm hg d` n`sg hg qug, pmr gcgopdm5 km k`iboms gk Ifbk` kb gk gd imktkgkg `sbàtim `sï qug f`ndgoms o`kh`rïk y gsm kms imkvbgrg gk uk` obkmrï` dbkjôïsti`, gs hgibr uk` obkmrï` r`ib`d. Gk hgkbtv` gd lukibmk`obgkm hg dms hgrgifms sg f` prgvbsm p`r` `imop`ð`r ` gs`s obkmrï`s gk su ràksbm y km kgigs`rb`ogkg p`r` l`vmrgigr ` dms jrupms o`ymrb`rbms, y pmr gsm smk prmlukh`ogkg `kthgomiràtims.

Hbsi Hb sius usbfuo`kms3 bùk sm smnr nrgg d` gs gstr trui uitu tur` r` hg dm dmss hgrgifms Gk bkrmhuiibùk `d hgrgifm, sbjubgkhm ` Hwmrebk y @dgxy sbjubgkhm ` Hwmrebk, gsuhb`oms qug mh`s d`s kmro`s curïhbi`s sg id`sbi`k gk hms tpms hg gsruiur`3 0. Gstruitur` hg rgjd`3 Wk` kmro` imk gs` gsruiur` sg `pdbi` m`dogkg m km sg `pdbi`, gs uk sï m uk km. Gc. Xmhms dms hgdbms hgd iùhbjm pgk`d smk kmro`s imk gsruiur` hg rgjd` ½Iuàdgs smk sus gdgogktms= - Yupugsm hg fgifm Gc. Gd qug o`g ` mrm - Imksgiugkib` curïhbi` Gs d` pgk` `smib`h` ` gs` imkhui`

Gd gcgribibm hg imkr`s`r dms fgifms hg d` rg`dbh`h imk gd supugsm hg fgifm hgsirbm gk d` kmro` ` mncgm oâtmhm hg d` ysunsukibùk hg hggrobk`r `pdbi`y msgkm d` imksgiugkib` curïhbi` , pmrcurïhbi`, gcgopdmgksï  `puð`dm ` Cu`ksïQârgz ougrg, gkmkigs sg `pdbi` sg gd dd`o` supugsm hg fgifm imksgiugkib`

 

i`onbm sï Cu`k Qârgz sg ougrg lrgkg ` oï km `pdbi` supugsm hg fgifm kb imksgiugkib` curïhbi`. D`s rgjd`s sg `pdbi`k m km sg `pdbi`k. >. Gs Gstr trui uitu tur` r` hg prbk prbkib ibpb pbm3 m3

Xbgkgk uk` gsruiur` hg o`kh`m hg mptobz`ibùk, m sg` qug `djm tgkg qug f`igrsg gk d` o`ymr oghbh` pmsbndg, y gs` o`ymr oghbh` pmsbndg v` ` hgpgkhgr hg hbstk`s r`zmkgs. D` bhg` gs qug gsàk kmro`s qug gsàk gk gsruiur` hg prbkibpbm sg v`k hgs`rrmdd`kh hgs`rrmdd`khm m gk ârobkms jr`hu`dgs. Gc. Gd iùhbjm ibvbd gs uk` kmro` imk gsruiur` hg prbkibpbm iu`khm hbig qug uk imkr`m hgng gcgiu`rsg hg nugk nugk`` lg, lg, ½Iuàk ½Iuàkt` t` nugk` lg hgnm pmkgr= pmkgr= D` o`ymr nugk` lg pmsbndg, gkjm qug br f`ibgkhm qug gsm jr`hu`dogkg `v`kig, gs uk o`kh`m gk mrhgk ` f`igr `djm gk d` o`ymr oghbh` pmsbndg y p`r` s`ngr sï uk prbkibpbm hgng `pdbi`r oàs m ogkms ` uk hggrobk`hm i`sm sg utdbz` uk ogi`kbsom qug sg hgkmobk` pmkhgr`ibùk, `sï ym hggrobkm sï uk prbkibpbm hgng `pdbi`r oàs m hgng `pdbi`r ogkms. Dm qug kmro`dogkg kms v` ` p`s`r gs qug iu`khm qugr`oms rgjud`r uk prbkibpbm, qug gs `djm ouy prmndgoàtim pmrqug gk d` lmro`ibùk curïhbi` `iu`d sg dg h` ouifm `igkm ` dms prbkibpbms pgrm km `km ` d`s rgjd`s, y mhm gd oukhm irgg qug mhms dms imkbims sg pughgk rgsmdvgr gk n`sg ` prbkibpbms, y gsm km gs ibgrm. Hg fgifm p`r` rgsmdvgr imkbims ` r`vâs hg prbkibpbms f`y qug gkgr uk` lmro`ibùk curïhbi` ouy sùdbh` pmrqug hg mrm omhm v` ` grobk`r sbgkhm uk` hbsiusbùk qug sg hgsk`ur`dbig, pmrqug d` hbsiusbùk hg prbkibpbms kmro`dogkg v` ` supmkgr qug iu`khm ym qubgr` `pdbi`r uk prbkibpbm og vmy ` gkimkr`r imk mrm prbkibpbm imkr`rbm, gsm p`s` gk jgkgr`d imk d`s kmro`s imk gsruiur`  prbkibpb`d y iu`khm pmkhgrg, jgkgr`dogkg, gd gcgribibm qug gkhrâ qug f`igr gs hggrobk`r iuàd hg gsms > v` ` `pdbi`r oàs m ogkms, iu`d `pdbi` oàs y iu`d ogkms. Qmr `km dms prbkibpbms km `pdbi`k gk ârobkms `nsmdums hg sï m km sbkm qug `pdbi`k gk ârobkms jr`hu`dgs hg oàs m hg ogkms, kbkjók prbkibpbm hgspd`z` ` mrm imopdg`ogkg sbkm qug sg `pdbi`k ukms oàs y mrms ogkms. Gs bopmr`kg hbstkjubr rgjd`s hg prbkibpbms pmrqug gd oâmhm hg rgsmduibùk hg imkbims sgrà hbstkm gk uk i`sm d` sunsukibùk y gk gd hg d` pmkhgr`ibùk. ½Qmrqug bopmrt` iùom sg rgsugdvgk dms imkbitms=

Qmrqug dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs prmid`o`h prmid`o`hms ms gk d`s imkstuibmkgs gsàk rgh`i`hms, pmr rgjd` jgkgr`d, sbjubgkhm d` gsruiur` hg uk prbkibpbm, gs hgibr, dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs tgkgk kmro`dogkg uk` gsruiur` prbkibpb`d y gsm sbjkbi` qug dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs tgkgk uk` gxur` qug gs `nbgr` y v`j`. Pug d` gxur` hg gsms hgrgifms sg` `nbgr` y v`j` km sbjkbi` qug dms hgrgifms sg`k `onbjums, pugs km gs dm obsom d` v`jugh`h qug d` `onbjôgh`h. Gc. Iu`khm d` Imkstuibùk f`nd` hgd hgrgifm ` d` vbh`, bkgjrbh`h sbi`, d` bju`dh`h, d` fmkr`, d` dbngr`h hg pgks`obgkm, dbngr`h hg gxprgsbùk, smk imkigpms qug kmsmrms imkmigoms su sbjkbi`hm. D` `pgrur `pgrur`, `, gs hgi hgibr br d` tgx tgxtur tur` ` `nbgrt `nbgrt` ` y d` v`jugh`h bopdbi`k qug imkmigoms gd sbjkbi`hm pgrm km s`ngoms gd `di`kig m f`s` hùkhg ddgj`, pmr `km, dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs gk su gsruiur`  prbkibpb`d  bopdbi` qug gsms gsàk gsirbms gk gxur` `nbgr` y v`j`, dm qug qugrgoms hggrobk`r gs gd `di`kig hg dms hgrgifms, f`s` hmkhg ddgj` d` bju`dh`h, f`s` hmkhg ddgj` gd hgrgifm ` d` vbh`, f`s` hmkhg ddgj` d` dbngr`h hg pgks`obgkm, smk imkigpms `nbgrms pmrqug kgigsb`k hg d` bkgrprg`ibùk p`r` `id`r`r gk hgkbtv` su `di`kig. F`y hgrgifms qug tgkgk gsruiur` hg rgjd` imom gd `r. 02 k±: dgr` i "k`hbg pughg sgr `rrgst`hm m hgtgkbhm sbkm pmr mrhgk hgd lukibmk`rbm póndbim gxprgs`ogktg gxprgs`ogktg l`iudt`hm pmr d` dgy y hgspuâs hg qug hbif` mrhgk dg sg` bko`h` gk lmro` dgj`d"

Gk gsg `riudm f`y hms supugsms hg fgifm3

 

0. D` mrhgk hg uk lukibmk`rbm póndbim gxprgs`ogkg l`iud`hm pmr d` dgy p`r` gsg k >. Kgigsbm qug gs` mrhgk dg f`y` sbhm imoukbi`h` gk lmro` dgj`d ` d` pgrsmk` qug sg v` ` prbv`r hg

dbngr`h Imksgiugkib` curïhbi`3 Yï sg iuopdgk gsms hms rgqubsbms pughm prbv`r dgjïto`ogkg d` dbngr`h hg gs` pgrsmk` pgrm sb km sg iuopdgk gsms rgqubsbms km d` pughm prbv`r dgjïto`ogk dgjïto`ogkgg hg d` dbngr`h. Gs` kmro` id`r`ogkg gs uk hgrgifm lukh`ogk`d, (sgjurbh`h bkhbvbhu`d) rgh`i`hm imk gsruiur` hg rgjd`. @hgoàs kms v`oms ` gkimkr`r imk ouif`s kmro`s qug gk kugsrm mrhgk`obgkm sg dd`o`k prbkibpbms pmrq pmrqug ug smk smk bo bopm pmr r`k `kg gss pg pgrm rm gk rg rg`d `dbh bh`h `h km sm smk k pr prbk bkib ibpb pbms ms sbkm sbkm qug qug sm smk k rg rgjd jd`s `s,, pmr pmr gcgo gcgopd pdm m d` bkgxius`nbdbh`h km gs uk prbkibpbm gs uk` rgjd` sgjók d` lmro` gk d` qug gsà pd`kg`h` gk gd `riudm :< hg d` IQ^.

GLBI@IB@ HG DMY HG^GIFMY LWKH@OGKX@DGY3 Iu`khm f`nd`oms hg d` gi`ib` kms v`oms ` prgjuk`r 9 ims`s3 - ½@ qubâk mndbj`k dms hgrgifms= - ½Iùom mndbj`k dms hgrgifms= - ½@ qug mndbj`k dms hgrgifms= B. ½@ qubâk mndbj`k dms hgrgifms lukh`ogkt`dgs=

^gimrhgoms qug dms hgrgifms k`ibgrmk imom j`r`k` imkr` gd Gs`hm, `sï qug kugsrm prbogr mndbj`hm gs d` Gs`hm. @ gs` lmro` hg gi`ib` dg dd`o`rgoms3  Gi`ib` vgri`d hg dms

hgrgifms3

Yg hgkg `sï pmrqug gd Gs`hm gsà gk uk` pmsbibùk hg suprgo`iï` m hg prbo`iï` gk rgd`ibùk imk gd bkhbvbhum gk n`sg `d pmhgr qug gcgrig, kugsr` Imkstuibùk sb nbgk gs`ndgig uk` prbo`iï` hgd sgr fuo`km y uk prbkibpbm hg sgrvbib`dbh`h hgd Gs`hm, pgrm hg mhms omhms dg imkgrg ` gsg Gs`hm hggrobk`hm pmhgr d` "smngr`kï`" y gsg pmhgr dm sbó` pmr gkibo` hgd bkhbvbhum. Gkmkigs gi`ib` vgrti`d3 rgd`ibùk Bkhbvbhum-Gs`h Bkhbvbhum-Gs`hm m Gk gs` rgd`ibùk km f`y bkgroghb`rbms `sï qug gd bkhbvbhum y gd gs`hm sg vbkiud`k gk rgd`ibùk ` dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs hg o`kgr` hbrgi`. ½@ qug mndbj`k mndbj`k gd Gst`hm Gst`hm dms hgrgi hgrgifms fms lukh`ogkt`dg lukh`ogkt`dgs= s= @quï sg rgiurrg ` d` kmro` `riudm 7m gcgribibm hg d` smngr`kï` rgimkmig imom dbobt`ibùk gd rgspgtm ` dms hgrgifms bk bkib ibsm sm >hm qug hg d` IQ^ "Gd gsgkib`dgs go`k`k hg d` k`tur`dgz` fuo`k`, gs hgngr hg dms ùrj`kms hgd Gst`hm rgspgt`r y prmomvgr  t`dgs hgrgifms j`r`kz`hms pmr gst` Imkstuibùk, `sï imom dms Xr`t`hms Bktgrk`ibmk`dgs r`i`hms pmr  Ifbdg qug sg gkiugktrgk vbjgktgs",

Gkmkigs, gs hgngr hg dms ùrj`kms hgd Gs`hm rgspg`r y prmomvgr gsms hgrgifms, pgrm ½Gs dm obsom rgspgt`r qug prmomvgr= Km, km gs dm obsom Gd gs`hm rgspg` dms hgrgifms gk d` oghbh` qug km dms vbmd`, m km imogg `nusms gk imkr` hg dms hgrgifms, pgrm d` mndbj`ibùk hg prmomibùk gs uk` mndbj`ibùk uk pmim oàs pgs`h` pmrqug y` km bopdbi` sbopdgogkg uk` mobsbùk sbkm qug bopdbi` uk` `iibùk gki`obk`h` ` `djm. ½Puâ sbjkbi` prmomvgr dms hgrgifms=

Qrmomvgr gs lmogk`r y sï utdbzàr`oms uk imkigpm âikbim hbrï`oms qug gk Hgrgifm Bkgrk`ibmk`d prmomvgr bopdbi` bopdgogk`r, prmomvgr hgrgifms bopdbi` bopdgogk`rdms, f`igr qug gsms hgrgifms p`sgk gk d` rg`dbh`h y sï f`nd`oms hg hgrgifm hmoâstim, hgrgifm imkstuibmk`d hbrï`oms qug f`y uk`

 

mndbj`ibùk hg hgs`rrmdd`r dms hgrgifms, gs hgibr, hg jgkgr`r d`s imkhbibmkgs p`r` qug gsms hgrgifms pugh`k sgr ddgv`hms ` d` pràiti` y sgr hbslru`hms pmr dms ibuh`h`kms hg ogcmr lmro`. D` mndbj`ibùk hg prmomibùk gs uk` mndbj`ibùk ouifm oàs bkgks`, pmrqug supmkg qug gd gs`hm km smdm hgcg hg f`igr `djm sbkm qug f`j` `djm pmr gsms hgrgifms, hg gs` lmro` sg -r`huigk ` d` rg`dbh`h. ½Iùom pughg prmomvgr gd Gst`hm gsms hgrgifms=

Oghb`kg pmdïti`s póndbi`s, oghb`kg d` hbi`ibùk hg dgygs qug pughgk imkddgv`r gd bopudsm hg d` pmdïti` póndbi`, pmr gcgopdm gd dgjbsd`hmr prmougvg prmougvg d` bju`dh`h ` r`vâs hgd `iugrhm hg ukbùk ibvbd qug km hbstkjug hbstkjug gkrg gd sgxm hg dms imkr`ygkgs (`ukqug d` o`ymrï` hg dms qug us`k gd `iugrhm hg ukbùk ibvbd smk fggrmsgxu`dgs, imkr`rbm ` dm qug pgks`rmk dms p`rd`ogk`rbms gk d` g`p` hg hbsiusbùk) Mrm gcgopdm sgrï` rgimkmibgkhm ` jrupms obkmrb`rbms imom d`s pmdïti`s póndbims ` l`vmr hg pugndms mrbjbk`rbms. Gk hgkbtv` gd dgjbsd`hmr f` bopdgogk`hm uk` sgrbg hg hgibsbmkgs gkhbgkgs ` lmr`dgigr mhms y i`h` ukm hg dms hgrgifms gk d` pràiti`, gk gsm imksbsg d` mndbj`ibùk hg prmomvgr. X`km d` mndbj`ibùk hg rgspg`r imom d` mndbj`ibùk hg prmomvgr smk p`r` mhm tpm hg hgrgifms, mhms dms hgrgifms hgngk sgr rgspg`hms (prbogr` y sgjukh` jgkgr`ibùk) y mhms hgngk sgr prmomvbhms (prbogr` y sgjukh` jgkgr`ibùk) Gs kgigs`rbm gkgr id`rm gsm pmrqug sugdg h`rsg uk` imklusbùk gk mrkm ` qug smdm f`y qug prmomvgr dms hgrgifms hg sgjukh` jgkgr`ibùk qug smk dms qug dg bopmkgk `d Gs`hm d` mndbj`ibùk hg f`igr `djm, smnrg mhm dms hgrgifms smib`dgs, pgrm gk dms hgrgifms hg prbogr` jgkgr`ibùk `onbâk gd Gs`hm tgkg qug prmomvgr d` bju`dh`h, fmkr`, gi.

½Qmrqug sg f`ig d` hblgrgkib` gktrg bopdgogkt`r y hgs`rrmdd`r=

Yg f`k hgs`rrmdd`hm gsms imkigpms gk gd o`rim hg hms hbsibpdbk`s hbstk`s hgd hgrgifm, iu`khm f`nd`oms hg bopdgogk`r kms rglgrboms ` uk imkigpm qug f`k `iuð`hm dms bkgrk`ibmk`dbs`s p`r` hgkbr d` lmro` gk qug dms hgrgifms fuo`kms sg o`grb`dbz`k gk gd grrbmrbm hg i`h` ukm hg dms gs`hms, gs hgibr dms Gs`hms, mhms, susirbngk uk obsom r``hm bkgrk`ibmk`d pmr gcgopdm d` imkvgkibùk hg gdbobk`ibùk hg mh` lmro` hg Hbsirbobk`ibùk gk imkr` hg d` oucgr y gs` imkvgkibùk gk gd `riudm qubkm hbig qug dms gs`hms p`rg hgngk mo`r mh`s d`s oghbh`s p`r` gdbobk`r dms p`rmkgs smibmiudur`dgs qug gs`ndgzi`k d` supgrbmrbh`h hgd fmonrg pmr smnrg d` oucgr, gs hgibr f`y qug i`onb`r gd pgks`obgkm smib`d, f`y qug bkgrvgkbr ` d` smibgh`h p`r` i`onb`r gsms p`rmkgs smibmiudur`dgs. I`h` Gs`hm hgibhg imom o`grb`dbz`r gsm gk su grrbmrbm. Gkmkigs, d`s lmro`s gk d`s qug d`s hbspmsbibmkgs hg gsg r``hm `grrbz`k `d hgrgifm hmoâstim sg hgkmobk`k bopdgogkt`ibùk, gk i`onbm iu`khm f`nd`oms hg d` `itvbh`h qug ddgv`k ` i`nm dms pmhgrgs póndbims hgkrm hg uk gs`hm p`r` qug dms hgrgifms qug gsàk prmid`o`hms gk d` Imkstuibùk sg`k i`h` vgz oàs glgitvms. Gk i`onbm sg hgkmobk` hgs`rrmddm hg dms hgrgi hgrgifms fms iu`khm f`nd` f`nd`oms oms hg d` `itvbh `itvbh`h `h qug ddgv ddgv`k `k ` i`nm dms pmhgrgs póndbims hgkrm hg uk gs`hm p`r` qug dms hgrgifms qug gsàk prmid`o`hms gk d` Imkstuibùk sg`k i`h` vgz oàs glgitvms. Gsg imkigpm sg mo` prgs`hm hg d` Imkstuibùk Gsp`ðmd` pmrqug gk âs` sg utdbz` gd imkigpm hg hgs`rrmddm y gsg imkigpm sg f` pmpud`rbz`hm gk d` ibgkib` hgd hgrgifm y pmr gsm sg f`ig d` hbstkibùk gkrg bopdgogk`r gk gd hgrgifm bkgrk`ibmk`d y hgs`rrmdd`r gk gd hgrgifm bkgrkm. @hgoàss mngh @hgoà mnghgigk gigk ` hms hbsibpd hbsibpdbk`s bk`s hbstk hbstk`s `s y lgkùo lgkùogkms gkms hbstk hbstkms ms pgrm qug `puk `puk`k `k ` d` obso` bhg` qug gs prmomvgr gd hgs`rrmddm hg dms hgrgifms.  Gi`ib` fmrbzmkt`d

 

@djukms mrhgk`obgkms hbigk qug dms hgrgifms `onbâk mndbj`k ` dms p`rtiud`rgs. D` o`ymr p`rg hg dms Gs`hms hgd oukhm gxbsg hbsirgp`kib` gkmrkm ` sï rgimkmigr m km d` gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d y gk `qugddms Gs`hms qug d` rgimkmigk f`y hbsirgp`kib` gkmrkm ` dms `di`kigs hg gsg rgimkmibobgkm. @. Qmr rgjd` rgjd` jgkg jgkgr`d r`d,, dms Gst Gst`hm `hmss qu qugg tgkgk tgkgk imk imkstui stuibmkg bmkgss dbngr`dgs dbngr`dgs km rgimkmig rgimkmigk k d` gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d hg dms hgrgifms gk n`sg ` r`zmkgs hg 9 ùrhgkgs3 0. Wk` r`zùk fbsùrbi`3 Dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs surjbgrmk imom fgrr`obgk` hg prmgiibùk lrgkg `d pmhgr hgd Gs`hm y km lrgkg `d pmhgr hg mrms p`rtiud`rgs >. \` ` vgr uk` mncgibùk gkmrkm ` d` pd`usbnbdbh`h3 Pug `k pd`usbndg gs qug mrm p`rtiud`r vbmdg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs hg uk p`rtiud`r hggrobk`hm. Yg hbig qug gd ókbim gkg qug gsà gk imkhbibmkgs hg vbmd`r dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs hg o`kgr` hbrgi`, sbsgoàti` y suibgkgogkg jr`vg gs gd Gs`hm ókbim gs gd ókbim gkg qug tgkg pmhgr curïhbim suibgkg p`r` pmkgr gk rbgsjm m vbmd`r gsms hgrgifms, gs hgibr, gsg gd pukm hg vbs` hg d` pd`usbnbdbh`h km gs pmsbndg qug mrm p`rtiud`r gkj` uk pmhgr imop`r`ndg `d hgd gs`hm imom p`r` vbmd`r gsms Hgrgifms. 9. Yg f` hbifm `onbâk qug d` gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d gs bopmsbndg hg rgimkmigr hgshg d` pgrspgitv` hg d`s mndbj`ibmkgs qug jgkgr` d` gi`ib` hg dms hgrgifms3 Yï nbgk pmhrï`oms `hobtr gkrg p`rtiud`rgs uk` mndbj`ibùk hg rgspg`r dms hgrgifms hg mrms p`rtiud`rgs, km pmhrï`oms bopmkgr smnrg dms p`rtiud`rgs uk` mndbj`ibùk hg prmomibùk hg dms hgrgifms `cgkms pmrqug bopdbi`rï` uk` i`rj` suo`ogkg jr`vms` ` bopmkgr ` dms p`rtiud`rgs gk l`vmr hg mrms p`rtiud`rgs qug prmn`ndgogkg km gs`rï`k gk imkhbibùk hg s`tsl`igr. Nàsbi`ogkg sï hbjm qug ym pughm prghbi`r ob hgrgifm ` d` s`duh gk imkr` hg mrms p`rtiud`rgs, gsm bopdbi` qug dms mrms p`rtiud`rgs v`k ` gkgr qug f`igrsg i`rjm hg obs prgs`ibmkgs hg s`duh iu`khm ym km sg` i`p`z hg prmvgârogd`, sï ym hbjm qug dms p`rtiud`rgs tgkgk d` mndbj`ibùk hg prmomibùk rgspgim hg ob hgrgifm ` d` fmkr` gsm bopdbi` qug mhms hgngk vgd`r p`r` qug ob fmkr` sg` sbgoprg rgspg`h` y p`r` ob kmonrg gs bo`jgk sg`k sbgoprg prmygiibùk hg d` vbruh. N. Dms gst`hms qug rgimkmigk d` gi`ib` fmrbzmkt`d sgð`d`k qug3 0. Dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs km surjbgrmk fbsùrbi`ogkg imom uk` fgrr`obgk` imkr` gd gs`hm, sbkm imom uk` fgrr`obgk` imkr` dms `nusms, y qug gk hgkbtv` gsms `nusms pughgk gkgr imom `jgkg `d Gs`hm m ` p`rtiud`rgs. >. Km smdm gd gs`hm gsà gk pmsbibùk hg vbmd`r dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs, `onbâk dm pughgk f`igr d`s jr`khgs goprgs`s. Hg fgifm gk gd gxm sg hbig qug d`s oudtk`ibmk`dgs qug gsàk gk uk` pmsbibùk hg ouif` supgrbmrbh`h gk rgd`ibùk `d p`rtiud`r g bkidusm f`y oudtk`ibmk`dgs qug `o`s`k oàs lmruk` qug uk gs`hm. Qmr `km gkgoms fmy gk hï` `jgkgs qug smk `jgkgs prbv`hms qug smk suo`ogkg pmhgrmsms y qug custi`k gd pmhgr prghbi`r gk su imkr` dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs, f`y `jgkgs ouy pmhgrmsms, pmrqug gd pmhgr curïhbim km gs gd ókbim pmhgr qug gxbsg, sï nbgk dms hgrgifms surjbgrmk fbsùrbi`ogkg imkr` gd pmhgr, imkr` d`s o`kblgs`ibmkgs hgd pmhgr hgd Gs`hm qug sg pughg r`huibr gk gd gcgribibm hgd pmhgr póndbim qug gs uk pmhgr pmdïtim y `d obsom tgopm tgkg imksgiugkib`s curïhbi`s, pgrm `onbâk f`y pmhgrgs gimkùobims, smib`d, rgdbjbmsm, gi. qug pughgk jgkgr`r uk` sbu`ibùk hg hgsn`d`kig y unbi`r ` uk bkhbvbhum gk uk` pmsbibùk ouifm oàs n`c` qug mr` `ukqug `onms sg`k p`rtiud`rgs. Mrm id`rm gcgopdm sgrï` gd hg jrupms o`rjbk`hms hgd gs`hm imom dms k`rimr`i`kgs5 f`y jrupms qug km kgigs`rb`ogkg tgkgk uk pmhgr pmdïtim m curïhbim sbkm qug tgkgk pmhgr smib`d y gsg pmhgr pughg vgkbr hg `itvbh`hgs dïib`s m bdïib`s dm iu`d sugdg iudobk`r gk uk gkmrog pmhgr `d bkgrbmr hg `djukms gs`hms y gsm `onbâk custi` pmhgr prghbi`r hgrgifms lukh`ogk`d lukh`ogk`dgs gs gk su imkr`.

 

9. ^gs ^gspgi pgim m ` d` ódt ódto` o` mnc mncgib gibùk ùk mh mhms ms imb imbkib kibhgk hgk,, `k `km m dms gs gs`hm `hmss qug `hf `hfbgr bgrgk gk d` gi gi`ib `ib``

fmrbzmk`d y `qugddms qug km dm f`igk, gk qug d` gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d hg dms hgrgifms smd`ogkg gs `pdbi`ndg d` mndbj`ibùk hg rgspg`r y km d` mndbj`ibùk hg prmomvgr. Dms p`rtiud`rgs km pughgk gkgr d` mndbj`ibùk hg prmomvgr dms hgrgifms hg mrms p`rtiud`rgs pmrqug gd ókbim qug f` sbhm irg`hm imk d` k`dbh`h hg prmomvgr gsms hgrgifms gs gd Gs`hm, pmr gs` r`zùk rgspgim hg dms p`rtiud`rgs iu`khm sg rgimkmig d` gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d ókbi`ogktg pgs` d` mndbj`ibùk hg rgsp rg spgt gtm m km d` mndbj`ibùk hg prmomibùk y `ukqug rgsudg mnvbm vgrgoms oàs `hgd`kg imom kugsrm sbsgo` tgkg `djukms o`tigs. Gc. Dms mrhgk`obgkms hgd Imoomk Dmw, km sugdgk rgimkmigr d` gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d. Gs uk` obkmrï` hg p`ïsgs, prbkibp`dogkg pgrgkgibgkgs `d Ybsgo` hg hgrgifm imktkgk`d, dms qug sï rgimkmigk d` gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d hg dms hgrgifms.

WNBI@IBÙK JGMJ^ÀLBI@ HGD IMKIGQXM Yï qugrgoms unbi`r gd imkigpm hg gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d jgmjrài`ogkg hbrï`oms qug gsà oàs hblukhbhm gk Gurmp` Imktkgk`d y qug `djukms mrhgk`obgkms hg Àlrbi` y D`tkm`oârbi` f`k mo`hm gsg omhgdm y dm f`k rgpdbi`hm5 gs`oms gk uk prmigsm hg imksmdbh`ibùk hg gs` gsbs. Gs bopmr`kg gkgr gsm prgsgkg pmrqug gk ukms `ðms oàs gd p`kmr`o` pughg sgr hblgrgkg5 qug d` gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d sg` imopdg`ogkg rgimkmibh` m pughg sgr qug d` gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d sg` imopdg`ogkg hgc`h` hg d`hm. Gd prmlgsmr Jmkz`dm pbgks` qug gd lgkùogkm v` f`ib` d` gxp`ksbùk, pgrm hg mhms omhms sg r`` hg uk lgkùogkm qugqug gs n`s`kg rgibgkg y pmr qug gsuhb`rdm imk gxbsgk uk pmimhbstkms oàs hg igri`kï`, `hgoàs gs uk lgkùogkm tgkg imkrmvgrsb` pmrgsm gsmf`y hgngoms s`ngr qug pukms hg vbs` gk hblgrgkgs mrhgk`obgkms, qug kmro`dogkg go`k`k hg uk rmkim imoók. Iu`khm f`ndgoms hg d` gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d f`rgoms uk` hbstkibùk gkrg hms lgkùogkms3 B.

Gi`ib` fm fmrbzmkt`d t`d su sust`kv` m o o` `tgrb tgrb` `d 3

Gs d` bkgr`iibùk m d` lmro` gk qug imkvbvgk dms hgrgifms hg dms p`rtiud`rgs imk dms hgrgifms hg mrms p`rtiud`rgs, gs hgibr iùom sg imkjur`k d`s rgd`ibmkgs hg hgrgifm gkrg p`rtiud`rgs. Nàsbi`ogkg, gs d` lmro` gk d` sg imkjur`k d`s rgd`ibmkgs hg dms hgrgifms hg uk p`rtiud`r imk mrm qug gs d` vbh` smib`d imk gd k qug km sg prmhuzi`k imkbims m qug sï sg prmhuigk gsms sg`k gk d` ogkmr i`kth`h pmsbndg. Gk p`d`nr`s oàs sbopdgs, gs`oms r``khm hg hggrobk`r qubâk rgjud` d` imkvbvgkib` hg hgrgifms gkrg uk p`rtiud`r y mrm gk d` vbh` smib`d, pmr gcgopdm d` lmro` gk qug `romkbz`oms gd gcgribibm hg d` dbngr`h hg gxprgsbùk imk gd hgrgifm ` d` fmkr` hg mrms p`rtiud`rgs, d` lmro` gk qug `romkbz`oms gd hgrgifm ` d` dbngr`h hg imkibgkib` hg uk p`rtiud`r imk gd hgrgifm ` d` bju`dh`h hg mrms p`rtiud`rgs, gs hgibr, imom `djubgk pughg bkvmi`r gd dbngr`rsg hg uk` mndbj`ibùk curïhbi` obgkr`s qug gd rgsm tgkg qug iuopdbrd`. BB .

Gi`ib` fmrbzmkt`d sust`kv` hbrgit` m bkoghb`t`

Gk `djukms mrhgk`obgkms d` gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d sus`ktv` qugh` gkrgj`h` imopdg`ogkg ` d` smibgh`h `sï qug gs` sg gki`rj` hg rgjud`r d` lmro` gk qug gsms hgrgifms hb`dmj`k gkrg sï. Gsm gs ouy prmpbm hg smibgh`hgs oàs `v`kz`h`s, hgomiràti`s y hgdbngr`tv`s. Gc. Dms `dgo`kgs tgkgk uk` gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d sus`ktv` hbrgi`, km gs kgigs`rbm qug gd dgjbsd`hmr m dms rbnuk`dgs hbj`k d` lmro` gk qug dms hgrgifms imkvbvgk smib`d. sbkm qug gs` `romkbz`ibùk, gs` imkvbvgkib` hg hgrgifms sg h` pmr uk` sugrg hg `umrrgjud`ibùk

 

BB B.

Gi`ib` fmrbzmkt`d sust`kv` bkhbrgit` m oghb`t`

Gk mrms mrhgk`obgkms gs kgigs`rbm qug d` `umrbh`h, prbkibp`dogkg dgjbsd`hmr m rbnuk`dgs, imk su `iibùk v`y`k omhgd`khm m r`z`khm dms gxrgoms hg gi`ib` hg gsms hgrgifms. F`y uk oghb`hmr (`umrbh`h) qug sg pmkg gk oghbm hg d` rgd`ibùk gkrg dms p`rtiud`rgs. BB. Gibgkib` fmrbzmkt`d prmigs`d

D` gi`ib` `onbâk rgspmkhg ` d` pmsbnbdbh`h hg `iibmk`r cuhbib`dogkg, sg rggrg ` d` lmro` gk qug uk p`rtiud`r pughg rgid`o`r cuhbib`dogkg `kg uk` bklr`iibùk hg hgrgifms imogth` pmr mrm p`rtiud`r. Gs bopmr`kg gkgr id`r` gs` hbstkibùk pmrqug dms mrhgk`obgkms tgkgk o`tigs y hbstkjugk gk gs` o`grb`. B\. Gibgkib` fmrbzmkt`d prmigs`d hbrgit` m bkoghb`t` Gxbsg iu`khm uk p`rtiud`r pughg hgo`kh`r ` mrm lrgkg ` d` vbmd`ibùk hg uk hgrgifm lukh`ogk`d, gs hgibr iuàkhm pughg f`ngr uk cubibm hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs, uk` `iibùk m uk prmigsm hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs gkrg uk p`rtiud`r y mrm. Gk mr`s p`d`nr`s, iu`khm gd p`rtiud`r pughg gxbjbr hgd ùrj`km curbshbiibmk`d qug âsg dg mrhgkg ` mrm p`r` vbkiud`r qug f`j` m hgcg hg f`igr uk` hggrobk`h` imkhui` qug dgsbmk` sus hgrgifms. @quï f`y uk` rgd`ibùk hbrgi` pmrqug uk p`rtiud`r pughg hgo`kh`r `d mrm. \.

Gibgkib` fmrbzmkt`d prmigs`d bkhbrgit` m oghb`t`

X`onbâk v`oms ` gkimkr`r i`sms gk dms iu`dgs km gxbsg d` pmsbnbdbh`h hg qug uk p`rtiud`r `iibmkg hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs gk imkr` hg mrm p`rtiud`r sbkm qug dms imkbims gkrg p`rtiud`rgs sg v`k ` h`r gk rgd`ibùk `d àrg` hg hgrgifm qug jmnbgrk` gsg imkbim. Gc. Cu`k y Qghrm tgkgk uk` hbsiusbùk smnrg fmkr` y Qghrm hgibhg hbrbjbr uk` hgo`kh` hg bkhgokbz`ibùk hg pgrcubibms gk imkr` hg Cu`k pmr f`ngr dgsbmk`hm su fmkr`, `ukqug `onbâk sg pmhrï` qugrgdd`r pgk`dogkg pmr bkcurb`. Gk hgkbtv`, ` r`vâs hgd o`rim hg mrm prmigsm5 ibvbd, pgk`d, d`nmr`d, l`obdb`, dms p`rtiud`rgs v`k ` i`k`dbz`r su imkbim qug gkvugdvg uk` prmndgoàti` hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs, pgrm d` ókbi` lmro` gk qug sg v` ` prmhuibr uk` rgvgd`ibùk m uk prmigsm hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs v` ` sgr iu`khm gd p`rtiud`r `lgi`hm `lgi `hm m `jr` `jr`vb`h vb`hm m km vg` s`tsl s`tslgifm gifm su hgrgi hgrgifm fm lukh`og lukh`ogk`d k`d pmr p`rg hg d` custib`, gs hgibr qug, gk gsg i`sm, gd p`rtiud`r `lgi`hm gk su hgrgifm ` d` fmkr` km rgibn` d` bkhgokbz`ibùk ibvbd qug imrrgspmkhg m km mngkj` sgkgkib` imkhgk`mrb` hgd cubibm pgk`d qug imrrgspmkhg. Iu`khm gk hgkbtv` r`s gd prmigsm  cuhbib`d rgspgitvm km vg` s`tslgifm su bkgrâs, gkmkigs gk gsg i`sm v` ` pmhgr `iibmk`r gk uk prmigsm m ` r`vâs hg uk` `iibùk hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs. Ybk gon`rjm km v` ` `iibmk`r gk imkr` hgd mrm p`rtiud`r imk qubgk sg f`nï` bkvmduir`hm gk gd prmigsm mrhbk`rbm `kgrbmr, sbkm qug gd prmigsm hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs sg v` ` sus`kib`r gkrg gd p`rtiud`r y gd rbnuk`d, gs hgibr gd ùrj`km curbshbiibmk`d qug km dg hbm ugd` ` su hgrgifm lukh`ogk`d gk gd o`rim hgd prmigsm mrhbk`rbm. Nàsbi`ogkg, sb gd cubibm ibvbd km sg mmrj` d` bkhgokbz`ibùk hg pgrcubibms gd p`rtiud`r v` `iibmk`r hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs gk imkr` hgd cugz ibvbd qug km prmgjg su hgrgifm ` d` fmkr` m gk imkr` hgd cugz pgk`d qug km sg imkhgkù `d bopu`hm pmr f`ngr bklrbkjbhm su hgrgifm ` d` fmkr`. Gk rgsuogk d` rgd`ibùk `onbâk tgkg imom r`slmkhm uk imkbim gkrg p`rtiud`rgs pgrm gd qug ssgg sbó` gk gd oghbm v` ` sgr gd ùrj`km curbshbiibmk`d qug gsà dd`o`hm ` rgsmdvgr gd imkbim gkrg `onms y gd prmigsm hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs v` ` sgr bkhbrgi`ogkg gkrg hms p`rtiud`rgs pmrqug v` ` gkgr gk gd oghbm `

 

gsg ùrj`km curbshbiibmk`d qug gs gk imkr` hg qubâk sg v` ` hghuibr d` `iibùk prmgimr` hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs. D` ugd` hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs km sg f`ig v`dgr gk imkr` hg mrm p`rtiud`r hbrgi`ogkg sbkm gk imkr` hgd rbnuk`d qug km ugdù mpmruk` y gi`zogkg dms hgrgifms hgd `jr`vb`hm. Iu`khm f`y gi`ib` prmigs`d bkhbrgi` gxbsgk hms prmigsms3 0. Qrmigsm mrhbk`rbm Yg ddgv` ` i`nm gkrg hms p`rtiud`rgs >. Qrmigsm imkstuibmk`d Yg ddgv` ` i`nm gkrg ukm hg gsms p`rtiud`rgs qug tgkg vudkgr`hm uk hgrgifm y gd rbnuk`d rgspgitvm qug km dg hbm prmgiibùk ` gsg hgrgifm. ½Pubâk tr`z` d`s rgjd`s qug hgkgk iu`khm uk hgrgifm gopbgz` y iu`khm uk hgrgifm tgrobk`=

^. Ybopdgogkg d` smibgh`h gk su bkgr`iibùk imthb`k` c` hggrobk`h`s rgjd`s qug f`igk qug uk hgrgifm sg` `pdbi`ndg gk uk i`sm y km `pdbi`ndg gk mrm, gs hgibr sg r`` hg uk` sugrg hg `umrrgjud`ibùk smib`d qug tgkg glgims curïhbims, sï sg bkvmi` d` pràiti` m d` lmro` gk qug dms hgrgifms f`k vgkhbhm imkvbvbgkhm fbsùrbi`ogkg gkrg dms p`rtiud`rgs, prmn`ndgogkg gd rbnuk`d h`rà d` r`zùk sï gs` gs d` lmro` gk d` iu`d glgitv`ogkg dms hgrgifms f`k imkvbvbhm smib`dogkg. smib`dogkg. Gk mr`s p`d`nr`s, gkgoms uk` imkigpibùk, prmpb` hg p`ïsgs gk vï`s hg hgs`rrmddm, qug gs qug gd hgrgifm omhgd` d` imkhui`, gs hgibr usgh sg pmr` hg uk` lmro` pmrqug d` kmro` hbig qug usgh km sg pughg pmr`r hg mr` lmro`, pgrm gk d` o`ymr p`rg hg dms p`ïsgs qug tgkgk uk` r`hbibùk ouifm oàs sùdbh`, gd hgrgifm ouif`s vgigs rgsud` bkkgigs`rbm pmrqug d`s rgjd`s smib`dgs y` hgkgk d` lmro` gk qug uk` sbu`ibùk lukibmk`, d` smibgh`h lukibmk` gk uk` dùjbi` qug f`ig bkkgigs`rb` uk` kmro` curïhbi` qug prgvg` d` sbu`ibùk. Gc. Gk kugsrm p`ïs d` o`ymr p`rg hg d`s i`s`s tgkgk rgc`s m `djuk` lmro` hg sgp`r`ibùk gkrg gd gsp`ibm hg d` i`s` y gd gxgrbmr, kmro`dogkg d` pugr` hg gkr`h` gsà igrr`h` pmrqug gkgoms d` imkigpibùk hg qug sï d` pugr` hg d` i`s` gsà `nbgr` gkr`rà `djubgk y rmn`rà. Gk i`onbm, dms kmrg`ogrbi`kms km vbvgk hg gs` lmro`, o`ktgkgk d`s pugr`s sbk sgjurm pmrqug km pbgks`k gk d` pmsbnbdbh`h hg uk rmnm. Gs` hblgrgkib` tgkg qug vgr imk d` ogk`dbh`h prmpb` hg d`s smibgh`hgs, f`y iudur`s gk d`s iu`dgs km gs kgigs`rbm qug d` dgy hbj` d` lmro` gk d` qug dms hgrgifms imkvbvgk pmrqug gk gs` smibgh`h y` gxbsgk ibgr`s rgjd`s `ib`s gkmrkm ` imom gsm hgng miurrbr. Ybk gon`rjm, gsm km sbjkbi` qug gsm km gkj` v`dmr curïhbim, ym pughm bkvmi`r gs`s rgjd`s `ib`s gk uk rbnuk`d y prmn`ndgogkg gd rbnuk`d v` ` `ro`r dm obsom y v` ` irbs`dbz`r gsg gs`hm hg ims`s gk uk` sgkgkib` y gsm v`dhrà pmrqug d`s ims`s `sï smk y km pmrqug d` sgkgkib` dm hbig. ½D` gi`ib` fmrbzmkt`d sust`kv` gqubv`dg gk ibgrt` lmro` ` uk` imstuonrg=

^. Oàs qug uk` imsu imsuonrg onrg,, smk d`s rgd` rgd`ibmk ibmkgs gs smib` smib`dgs dgs d`s qug v`k ` br omhgd` omhgd`khm khm gsm pmrq pmrqug ug d` imsuonrg supmkg uk` obr`h` f`ib` gd p`s`hm, y gk gd hgrgifm gsm km sgrï` pmsbndg pmrqug smk gvmdutvms `sï qug gs` pràiti` tgkg qug br i`onb`khm y `cusàkhmsg ` dms tgopms. F`y uk` pr`xbs hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs, km gs boprgsibkhbndg qug gd dgjbsd`hmr m d` `umrbh`h hgk`k gs` o`grb`, (pughgk f`igrdm hgshg dugjm) Gk dms mrms sbsgo`s hg gi`ib` sus`ktv` bkhbrgi` gs boprgsibkhbndgg qug d` `umrbh`h rgvgdg d` lmro` gk d` qug dms hgrgifms lukibmk`k. boprgsibkhbnd ½D` gi`ib` prmigs`d bkhbrgit` gs uk` lmro` hg gi`ib` vgri`d=

^. Km, pmrqug ym dg gsmy `if`i`khm uk` vudkgr`ibùk prgibs` `d rbnuk`d, hbjm qug gd rbnuk`d km og hbm ugd` lrgkg ` uk` vudkgr`ibùk hg hgrgifms imkirg` pmr uk p`rtiud`r. Gk d` gi`ib` vgrti`d gd mrbjgk hg d` vudkgr`ibùk gsà gk gd gs`hm, obgkr`s qug gk d` gi`ib` prmigs`d gd mrbjgk hg d` vudkgr`ibùk gsà gk uk p`rtiud`r p`rtiud`r..

 

½Gxbstgk hgrgifms lukh`ogkt`dgs qug km sg`k gxbjbndgs `d gst`hm=

^. Xmhms dms hgrgifms smk gxbjbndgs `d gs`hm, pgrm f`y hgrgifms qug km v`k ` sgr gxbjbndgs ` dms p`rtiud`rgs. F`y hgrgifms qug tgkgk imom ókbim y gxidusbvm hgstk``rbm `d gs`hm, pmr gcgopdm km dg pughm gxbjbr gd hgrgifm ` d` sgjurbh`h smib`d ` uk p`rtiud`r pmrqug gd qug omhgd` d`s bkstuibmkgs hg sgjurbh`h smib`d gs gd Gs`hm, `onbâk sg hbig qug km sg dg pughg gxbjbr hgrgifm ` d` s`duh ` uk p`rtiud`r pmrqug hgng gs`r gsruiur`hm gk n`sg `d gs`hm. gs `hm. Ybk gon`rjm, ouif`s vgigs d`s imkstuibmkgs v`k ` pgrobtr qug dms p`rtiud`rgs miupgk uk hggrobk`hm rmd gk rgd`ibùk imk d` s`tsl`iibùk hg gsms hgrgifms Gc. F`y imkstuibmkgs qug sgð`d`k qug gd prbkibp`d `imr hg d` s`duh gs gd Gs`hm, pgrm qug dms p`rtiud`rgs tgkgk uk rmd sgiukh`rbm ` r`vâs, pmr gcgopdm, hg bkstuibmkgs hg s`duh prbv`h`s y gk gsg i`sm sg pmhrï` gxbjbr, sb sg rgókgk dms rgqubsbms p`r` gddm, prgs`ibùk hg s`duh ` prbv`hms, ` bkstuibmkgs hg s`duh prbv`h`s sï gkjm `djuk` rgd`ibùk imk gdd`s pmr imom uk imkr`m m uk sgjurm. Gk rgsuogk, tmhms dms hgrgifms `itu`dogktg sbgoprg smk gxbjbndgs `d gst`hm , pgrm gk rgd`ibùk imk dms p`rt p`rtiu iud` d`rg rgss `on `onbâ bâk k sg sgrï rï`` pm pmsb sbnd ndgg gx gxbj bjbr br `dju `djuk` k` hg gs`s gs`s prgs prgs` `ib ibmk mkgs gs hg hgpg pgkh khbg bgkh khm m hg d` km kmro ro`` imkstuibmk`d hg i`h` gs`hm `ukqug gk gsg i`sm sg pbgrhg d` dùjbi` hg d` gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d gk vbruh hg d` iu`d dms p`rtiud`rgs smdm dgs pgs` uk` mndbj`ibùk hg rgspgm km hg prmomibùk. Gsg gs uk go` qug gsà gk imksruiibùk gùrbi`. ½Gs boprgsibkhbndg qug dms trbnuk`dgs bktgrvgkj`k gk gd gi`ib` sust`kv` bkoghb`t` m hbrgit`=

^. Km gs kgigs`rbm qug bkgrvgkj`k, pughgk f`igrdm pgrm km gs kgigs`rbm, gk i`onbm gd rmd hgd gs`hm gk d` gi`ib` sus`ktv` gs uk rmd boprgsibkhbndg, sg kgigsb` gd dgjbsd`hmr, sg kgigsb` hg dms rbnuk`dgs p`r` qug gddms hgk`k dms dïobgs hg i`h` ukm hg dms hgrgifms. Kugsrm sbsgo` y gd gsp`ðmd tgkgk uk` gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d sus`ktv` bkhbrgi` m oghb``, kgigsb`oms qug gd dgjbsd`hmr m dms rbnuk`dgs ` r`vâs hg sus sgkgkib`s f`y`k gs`ndgibhm irbgrbms p`r` hgsdbkh`r iu`khm uk hgrgifm sg pughg gcgrigr dgjïto`ogkg dgjïto`ogkg y iu`khm km, pmr gcgopdm gd dgjbsd`hmr f f`` gs`ndgibhm id`r`ogk id`r`ogkgg gk gd iùhbjm pgk`d f`s` hmkhg gkgoms dbngr`h hg gxprgsbùk `d tpbi`r d` i`duokb` g bkcurb`. ½Iùom sâ qug gstmy gk gd imktgxtm hg uk` bkcurb` m uk` i`duokb`= ^. Imks`àkhmsg qug gd gcgribibm hg d` dbngr`h hg gxprgsbùk lug `nusbvm y r`sp`sm gsms dïobgs, pmr gcgopdm f`y uk` sgkgkib` qug bkvmduir` ` ^`hbm Nbm Nbm gkmrkm `d gsiàkh`dm qug funm imk d` prmpugs` hg d` obkbsr` Hmnr` Dusbi ` d` Imrg gd gi`ib` `ðm p`s`hm. (bkvgstj`r gd gcgopdm) Gk i`onbm, gd omhgdm @dgoàk gs uk Yuprgo` sbsgo` hg fmrbzmk`d sus`ktv` hbrgi` m bkoghb`` `sï qug km f`igg l`d` f`i l`d` gd dgj dgjbsd bsd`hm `hmrr dm rgj rgjud udg, g, gd dgj dgjbsd bsd`hm `hmrr dm f` fgi fgifm, fm, dms rbnu rbnuk` k`dgs dgs smn smnrg rg mh mhm m gd Xrb Xrbnuk nuk`d `d Imkstuibmk`d Lghgr`d @dgoàk dm f` fgifm `onbâk, pgrm gk jgkgr`d d`s rgd`ibmkgs `ddï sg `rtiud`k sbk o`ymrgs prmndgo`s gkrg d` smibgh`h, f`y uk` sugrg hg `umrrgjud`ib `umrrgjud`ibùk. ùk. Gsp`ð` y @dgo`kb` smk omhgdms hg gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d prmigs`d bkhbrgi` m oghb`` gs hgibr, qug gd imkbim hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs imk mrm p`rtiud`r sg v` `iibmk`r gk imkr` hg gsg p`rtiud`r ` r`vâs hg uk` `iibùk mrhbk`rb` ibvbd, pgk`d, d`nmr`d, imogrib`d, rbnu`rb`, gi. y sï gd rbnuk`d dd`o`khm ` rgsmdvgr gsg imkbim km ugd` dms hgrgifms hgd `jr`vb`hm, gkmkigs gd `jr`vb`hm v` ` rgiurrbr ` mrm ùrj`km, gk gsg i`sm gd rbnuk`d imkstuibmk`d y dg v` ` pd`kg`r uk `op`rm hg hgrgifms hbibgkhm qug sg prmhucm uk` vudk vudkgr gr`i `ibù bùk k hg hgrg hgrgif ifms ms pmr pmr p`r p`rgg hg uk r rbn bnuk uk`d `d qug qug gsà gsà vudk vudkgr gr`i `ibù bùk k lug lug hg hgku kuki kib` b`h` h` gk uk prmighbobgkm mrhbk`rbm y qug gd cugz mrhbk`rbm km dg hbm d` hgnbh` ugd` `d hgrgifm vudkgr`hm. Qmr gsm vboms qug gk gd i`sm Dôf gd pgrbmhbs` gs hgo`kh`hm pmr gd ibkg`s` gk uk cubibm ibvbd y qug gd cubibm ibvbd grobkù imk uk` sgkgkib` hgd rbnuk`d suprgom hg F`onurjm.

 

Gk Ifbdg gxbsg gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d prmigs`d hbrgi`, gd rgiursm hg prmgiibùk sg pughg bkgrpmkgr `kg p`rtiud`rgs `d bju`d qug gd rgiursm hg `op`rm imkstuibmk`d hgd `r >0 f`ng`s imrpus. Bopmrt`ktg3 Gd `op`rm gimkùobim gs uk` `iibùk hbstk` `d `op`rm Imkstuibmk`d. ½Qmrqug gd omhgdm Gsp`ðmd y gd omhgdm @dgoàk km gkgk gd omhgdm hg gi`ib` hbrgit` qug Ifbdg gkg=

^. Xbgkg qug vgr r`zmkgs fbsùrbi`s gspgib`dogkg gk gd i`sm hgd omhgdm @dgoàk pmrqug d` Imkstuibùk @dgo`k` sg rgh`iù hgspuâs hg d` sgjukh` jugrr` y gr` ouy hbibd pgks`r gk d` gi`ib` hg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs gkrg p`rtiud`rgs sb rgibâk sg gs`n`k prgjuk`khm sï dms hgrgifms imkstuï`k vgrh`hgrms dïobgs `d pmhgr hgd Gs`hm m km. Iu`kh Iu`khm m d` Imk Imkst stuib uibùk ùk @dg @dgo`k o`k`` gs bk bkgrp grprg rg`h` `h` pmr gd Xrb Xrbnuk nuk`d `d Imk Imkst stuib uibmk` mk`dd Lgh Lghgr` gr`dd @dg @dgoàk oàk gs bkgrprg`h` gk gs` dùjbi`, pmr gsm gs `k bopmr`kg gd i`sm Dôf5 dg h` uk sgkthm y omhgdù d` bkstuibùk hgd `op`rm imkstuibmk`d pd`kg`khm gs` bhg` hg d` gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d, gs hgibr qug dms hgrgifms km smdm sg prghbi`k gk d`s rgd`ibmkgs hg p`rtiud`r imk gd gs`hm sbkm qug `onbâk hg p`rtiud`r imk p`rtiud`r. D` fgrr`obgk` qug hbspmkï` gd rbnuk`d imkstuibmk`d lghgr`d @dgoàk gr` gd `op`rm y f`s` gsg omogkm smdm gr` utdbz`hm imkr` dms `ims hgd pmhgr póndbim `sï qug lug kgigs`rb` uk` sugrg hg —rgbkjgkbgrï`‟ hgd prmigsm p`r` pmhgr `igri`r d` pmsbnbdbh`h hg qug uk p`rtiud`r puhbgr` sulrbr uk` dgsbùk pmr p`rg hg mrm p`rtiud`r gk sus hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs y sb gs` hbsiusbùk km gs ugd`h` pmr d` custib` mrhbk`rb`, sgrà ugd`h` pmr gd rbnuk`d imkstuibmk`d imkstuibmk`d ` r`vâs hg d` `iibùk hg `op`rm. Qmr su p`rg, iu`khm dms Gsp`ðmdgs dugjm hg d` hbi`hur` `prmn`rmk d` Imkstuibùk hgd 02:6 tgkgk jr`khgs prmndgo`s ` d` fmr` hg imksgksu`r iuàdgs sgràk dms dïobgs hg dms hgrgifms, f`nd`r hg hgrgifms hgspuâs hg uk` hbi`hur` sbgoprg gs uk go` imkrmvgrsb`d gspgib`dogkg sb d` hbi`hur` km f` sbhm imopdg`ogkg hgrrm`h` pmr lugrz`s hgomiràti`s sbkm qug gd prmigsm hg r`ksbibùk gs uk prmigsm p`i`hm gkrg d`s `ktju`s lugrz`s `db`h`s hg d` hbi`hur` y d` lugrz` kugv` qug nusi` hgomir`tz`r gd gs`hm. Gk n`sg ` gsms imksgksms sg hgibhg bob`r gd omhgdm @dgoàk y pgrobtr qug gd Xrbnuk`d Imkstuibmk`d gsp`ðmd hbspmkj` hg uk` fgrr`obgk` imom gd `op`rm bkhbi`khm qug v` ` prmighgr iu`khm dms rbnuk`dgs km dg hgk ugd` ` dms hgrgifms. Dms gsp`ðmdgs uvbgrmk prmndgo`s pmrqug d` o`ymr p`rg hg dms cugigs hg d` r`ksbibùk lugrmk kmonr`hms pmr d` hbi`hur` `sï qug sg prmhuig uk` hbimmoï` gkrg uk` custib` mrhbk`rb` imk uk i`ràigr suo`og suo `ogk kgg `u `umrb mrb`r `rbm bm y uk` cus custi tib` b` imk imkst stuib uibmk` mk`dd suo suo`og `ogkg kg j`r j`r`kt `kts` s`,, gk Gsp Gsp`ð `ð`` gd Xrb Xrbnuk nuk`d `d Imkstuibmk`d iuopdbù uk` lukibùk pgh`jùjbi` gkmrkm ` dms hgrgifms y lug ukm hg dms gdgogkms qug gk hgkbtv` mndbjù ` dms Xrbnuk`dgs Mrhbk`rbms dms hgrgifms gk su r`zmk`obgkm Gk gd omhgdm ifbdgkm lug uk` bhg` qug km `sgbkimrpmr`r pgksù ouifm, iu`khmlukh`ogk`dgs sg hbsiutù gd rgiursm hg prmgiibùk mrbjbk`dogkg sg pgksù imom uk bksruogkm hg gi`ib` vgrti`d y rgsrbkjbh` ókbi`ogkg `d jmnbgrkm pgrm iu`khm sg pd`kg` gk gd `i` Imkstuibmk`d k±9 km sg gs`ndgig gk imkr` hg qubâk prmighg, sbkm qug sg hgc` `nbgrm y gs` `pgrur` dg pgrobtù ` dms rbnuk`dgs `opdb`r sus `rbnuibmkgs. Gk Ifbdg gd rgiursm hg prmgiibùk, gk su mrbjgk, tgkg uk i`ràigr `umrb`rbm y jr`ib`s ` gsm dms rbnuk`dgs pmhï`k f`igr dm qug qubsbgr`k y `imjgr hgo`kh`s gk imkr` hg qubâk qubsbgr`. Nàsbi`ogkg gk kugsrm p`ïs gd rgiursm hg prmgiibùk gsà pgks`hm gk uk i`ràigr bkqubsbtvm, pmrqug gd rbnuk`d pughg f`igr mhm y `hgoàs pughg `imjgr hgo`kh`s gk imkr` hg iu`dqubgr pgrsmk` km smdm hg uk ùrj`km póndbim sbkm `onbâk hg uk p`rtiud`r. ^gimrhgoms qug gk d` âpmi` hgd jmnbgrkm obdb`r d` prgobs` gr` qug dms ùrj`kms gs``dgs km gr`k pgdbjrmsms sbkm qug gd prbkibp`d pgdbjrm vbgkg hg dms p`rtiud`rgs, hg gs`s `smib`ibmkgs pgdbjrms`s, hgd gkgobjm bkgrkm. Hgc`r `nbgr` d` pmsbnbdbh`h hg rgiurrbr gk prmgiibùk gk imkr` hg p`rtiud`rgs gs p`rg `onbâk hg d` hgkbibùk bhgmdmjï` hg d` hbi`hur` qug imksbhgr` oàs pgdbjrmsm `d gkgobjm bkgrkm.

 

Gkmkigs, smk l`imrgs y pmdïtims dms qug v`k ` hgkbr quâ gs`s bkstuibmkgs gkj`k gd i`ràigr qug tgkgk gk i`h` ukm hg dms mrhgk`obgkms. ^gimrhgoms qug gs`oms ` pmr`s hg uk prmigsm imkstuygkg p`r` hgkbr sï qugrgoms m km uk` kugv` imkstuibùk, gs pmsbndg qug j`kg d` mpibùk `prugnm y imk gsm h`rgoms bkbibm ` uk prmigsm hg rgvbsbùk Imkstuibmk`d imopdgm y gsg sgrà gd omogkm p`r` prgjuk`rkms ½sbrvg gd bkstruogktm hg prmtgiibùk hg hgrgifms lukh`ogkt`dgs qug tgkgoms=

sg bks`ur` uk mrhgkgskugvm f`ig uk r`spd`kg y ukmgsp`ðmd hg dms jr`khgsKmro`dogkg gomrgs qugiu`khm tgkgk ouifms prmlgsmrgs qug sgsgr`spd`kg gd omhgdmcurïhbim hg `op`rm grobk`khm imk d` gi`ib` prmigs`d hbrgi` gk kugsrm p`ïs y d`ogk`ndgogkg gd omhgdm gsp`ðmd tgkg v`rbms prmndgo`s. Gs iurbmsm qug dm —kmro`d‟ gs qug sï gkgoms uk omhgdm hg gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d sus`ktv` bkhbrgi` gkj`oms uk omhgdm hg gi`ib` prmigs`d hbrgi`, pmr gcgopdm gk Gsp`ð` kb sbqubgr` sg gsuhb` gsà hbstkibùk pmrqug dms gsp`ðmdgs hbigk —gi`ib` vgrti`d hbrgi` - gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d bkhbrgi bkhbrgi`‟ `‟ D` gi`ib` vgrti`d gs hbrgi` pmrqug gkrg gd p`rtiud`r y gd gs`hm km f`y kbkjók oghb`hmr, gk d` gi`ib` fmrbzmk`d gs bkhbrgi` pmrqug gkrg gd p`rtiud`r y gd mrm f`y uk oghb`hmr qug gs gd Gs`hm, pmrqug gs gd gs`hm qubâk hgkg dms gxrgoms hg gi`ib` y gs gd gs`hm ` qubgk sg hgo`kh` gk gd gvgkm hg qug uk p`rtiud`r vudkgrg obs hgrgifms y ym km rgibn` ugd` pmr p`rg hg uk ùrj`km curbshbiibmk`d gk Gsp`ð` gs `sï  hg id`rm. Gk kugsrm p`ïs sg hgng f`igr d` hbstkibùk pmrqug kugsrm ogi`kbsom hg prmgiibùk hg hgrgifms tgkg gs`s `kmo`dï`s3 0. Qmr uk d`hm kms gxbjg m hgo`kh` qug sg` gd dgjbsd`hmr m dms rbnuk`dgs dms qug gspgibqugk iuàdgs smk dms dïobgs hg dms hgrgifms . >. Qmr mrm d`hm, kms pgrobg `iibmk`r hbrgi`ogkg hg vudkgr`ibùk hg hgrgifms hg dms ukms lrgkg ` dms mrms Gs` gkhgkib` km v` gk rgtr`h` v` gk `uogkm, `kgs smdm gd rgiursm hg prmgiibùk gr` d` fgrr`obgk` qug og pgrob` `iibmk`r pmr hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs y `fmr` f`y i`h` vgz oàs fgrr`obgk`s qug og pgrobg `iibmk`r hbrgi`ogkg imkr` p`rtiud`rgs Gc. @iibùk hg d` dgy S`ouhbm qug gs uk` `iibùk hg Hbsirbobk`ibùk jgkgr`d gs`ndgibgkhm uk` sgrbg hg i`gjmrï`s smspgifms`s bkiduygkhm d` gh`h, imkhbibùk hg s`duh, pgrgkgkib` ` uk pugndm mrbjbk`rbm. Gs` dgy pgrobg hgo`kh`r ` mrm p`rtiud`r pmr vudkgr`ibùk `d hgrgifm ` d` bju`dh`h 0. Gc. Gc. > Jr Jr`i `ib` b`ss ` d` rg rglm lmro ro`` d`nm d`nmr` r`dd sg bkim bkimrp rpmr mrù ù uk prmi prmigh ghbo bobg bgk km m hg ug ugd` d` hg hg hgrg rgif ifms ms lukh`ogk`dgs ` oï og pgrob` hgo`kh`r ob gopdg`hmr iu`khm gsâ vudkgrg obs hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs,qug pmr `km gkjm `ddï uk` gibgkib`` fmrbzmk`d prmigs`d hbrgi`.

Xbtud`rbh`h gcgribibm y rgkukib` hg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogkt`dgs3

 

F`y qug hbstkjubr gkrg gsms 9 imkigpms3 B. Xbtud`rbh`h

Iu`k Iu`khm hm f`nd f`nd`o `oms ms sm smnr nrgg d` tud tud`r `rbh bh`h `h kms kms gs` gs`om omss prgj prgjuk uk` `hm hm ½` qubâk qubâk gd mrhgk` mrhgk`obg obgktm ktm imkstui imks tuibmk` bmk`dd dg rgimkmig rgimkmig uk hgtg hgtgrobk robk`hm `hm hgrg hgrgifm ifm lukh`ogk lukh`ogkt`d= t`d= sï f`nd`oms gk o`grb` hg hgrgifms fuo`kms, d` prgjuk` sgrï` ½` qubâk gd mrhgk`obgktm bktgrk`ibmk`d hg dms hgrgifms fuo`kms dg rgimkmig uk hgtgrobk`hm hgrgifm fuo`km= Gd imki imkigp gpm m hg tud tud`r `rbh bh`h `h gs bopm bopmr r`k `kg g,, bkhb bkhbi` i` ` qubg qubgk k dg im imrr rrgs gspm pmkh khgg m tg tgkg kg Hg Hgrg rgif ifms ms

Lukh`ogk`dgs gk gd mrhgk bkgrkm m Hgrgifms Fuo`kms gk gd mrhgk bkgrk`ibmk`d. D` tud`rbh`h f` sulrbhm dgsbmkgs pmr gcgopdm d` imkstuibùk ifbdgk` hg 02>7 rgimkmiï` gk gd `riudm 01 qug dg rgimkmiï` hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs ` mhms dms f`nb`kgs hg d` ^gpóndbi`. Ybk gon`rjm, gd `riudm 02 hg d` imkstuibùk `iu`d bkhbi` qug d` i`r` o`jk` "`sgjur` ` tmh`s d`s pgrsmk`s. Gd `riudm 0± bkibsm 0 hg d` Imkstuibùk `onbâk hbig "d`s pgrsmk`s k`igk dbnrgs g bju`dgs gk hbjkbh`h y hgrgifms", gs hgibr qug dms hgrgifms qug go`k`k hg d` hbjkbh`h smk rgd`tvms ` d`s pgrsmk`s. Gk prbogr prbogr duj`r, duj`r, gxbsg uk` hbstkibùk gkrg d` Imkstuibùk hg 02>7 y d` hgd 0261 gk mrkm ` d` tud`rbh`h hg dms hgrgifms5 uk` sg rggrg ` dms f`nb`kgs hg d` ^gpóndbi` y d` mr` sg rggrg ` d`s pgrsmk`s, pgrm…

 

½Iuàd sgrï` d` hblgrgkib` gktrg gs`s sgr pgrsmk` y sgr f`nbt`ktg hg d` póndbi`=

^. D` Imkstuibùk hgd 61 gs`ndgig uk` tud`rbh`h ukbvgrs`d hg dms hgrgifms, gs hgibr prmid`o` qug mh`s d`s pgrsmk` pgrsmk`ss smk tud tud`rg `rgss hg hgrgi hgrgifms fms.. Gs Gsm m gs dm qug f` f`igk igk mhm mhmss dms gdgogkms bkgrk`ibmk`dgs hg hgrgifms fuo`kms `d prmid`o`r d` tud`rbh`h ukbvgrs`d hg dms hgrgifms sbk pgrcubibm hg qug gxbsgk r``hms hbrbjbhms ` hggrobk`hms jrupms vudkgr`ndgs pmr su imkhbibùk hg vudkgr`nbdbh`h. Gk sgjukhm duj`r, iu`khm d`s Imkstuibmkgs prmid`o`k hgrgifms gk l`vmr hg mh`s d`s pgrsmk`s gkgoms qug f`igr rggxbùk d`rj` y uk`gk imr`. ^ggxbùk ^gg xbùkuk` d`rj` d`rj ` gs `hgkr`rkms gd imkigpm obsom hg pgrsmk` qug kgigs`rb`ogkg gs uk imkigpm dmsùim 

 ^ggx ^ggxbùk bùk imrt` pmhgoms rgiurrbr `d imkigpm kmro`tvm hg pgrsmk` y v`oms ` gkgkhgr qug d` pgrsmk` gs `djubgk uk sucgm qug gs i`p`z hg imkr`gr ibgr`s mndbj`ibmkgs y ` qubgk sg dg rgimkmigk dms hgrgifms. Gk gsg sgkthm sg pughg hbstkjubr gkrg pgrsmk`s k`ur`dgs y pgrsmk`s curïhbi`s. H`hm qug dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs sg vbkiud`k ` d` bhg` hg d` hbjkbh`h fuo`k` (`rbnum gxidu gxi dusbv sbvm m hg d`s pgr pgrsmk smk`s `s k` k`ur ur`dg `dgs) s) hbrgo hbrgoms ms bkhuh bkhuh`nd `ndgog gogkg kg qu qugg dms hgr hgrgif gifms ms luk lukh` h`ogk ogk`d `dgs gs dg imrrgspmkhgk m tgkgk imom tud`r ` d` pgrsmk` k`ur`d m pgrsmk` Fuo`k`, pgrm d` prgjuk` hgd obddùk gs3

½D` pgrsmk` curïhbi` sgrà tud`r hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs=

Gk o`grb` hg hgrgifm ibvbd d`s pgrsmk`s curïhbi`s smk tud`rgs hg hgrgifms p`rbomkb`dgs, pgrm imom dg v`oms ` rgimjgr imkibgkib` ` uk gkg itibm sï d` imkibgkib` gs uk `rbnum hg dms sgrgs fuo`kms. Dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs sg imkibngk gk gd mrhgk bkgrkm imom prmgiibùk ` d` hbjkbh`h fuo`k` `d bju`d qug gk gd mrhgk bkgrk`ibmk`d y pmr `km d` dùjbi` kms hbig qug ókbi`ogkg gd sgr fuo`km hgnbgsg pmhgr sgr tud`r hg gsms hgrgifms. Ybk gon`rjm, d` pràiti` y gd hgvgkbr fbsùrbim gd qug f` bhm rgimkmibgkhm prmjrgsbv`ogkg qug d`s pgrsmk`s curïhbi`s `onbâk tgkgk tud`rbh`h hg ibgrms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs, qug sg`k imop`tndgs imk su k`ur`dgz` Gc. Hgrgifm ` sgr cuzj`hm gk uk pd`zm r`zmk`ndg m hg o`kgr` r`ibmk`d y cus`, gd hgrgifm hg prmpbgh`h, d` dbnrg bkbib`tv` gimkùobi`. Ymk j`r`k`s qug sg pughgk gxgkhgr ` d`s pgrsmk`s curïhbi`s, pgrm imom d`s pgrsmk`s curïhbi`s km tgkgk psbqubs, km pughgk gkgr bkgjrbh`h psïqubi` gk vbruh hg qug km tgkgk` d` iugrpm, hgrgifm vbh`. km pughgk gkgr bkgjrbh`h sbi`, gk vbruh hg qug km gsàk vbv`s km pughgk gkgr Gk hgkbtv` d`s pgrsmk`s k`ur`dgs qug imopmkgk d` pgrsmk` curïhbi` v`k prmygi`r su hbjkbh`h ` gs` pgrsmk` curïhbi` sbk pgrcubibm hg qug d` pgrsmk` curïhbi` y qug d`s pgrsmk`s k`ur`dgs qug d` imopmkgk smk hbstk`s Gc. Qghrm y Cu`k lmro`k uk` goprgs`, gddms smk uk` pgrsmk` y d` goprgs` gs mr` pgrsmk` hbstk`, sï d` goprgs` tgkg uk` i`s` gkmkigs gs hg d` goprgs`, km gs hg gddms `sï qug su p`rbomkbm pgrsmk`d km tgkg k`h` qug vgr imk gd p`rbomkbm hg gs` goprgs`, `km p`r` gd hgrgifm prbv`hm imom p`r` gd hgrgifm póndbim. D` hbvbsbùk gkrg d` pgrsmk` k`ur`d y curïhbi` imopugs` pmr pgrsmk`s k`ur`dgs gs vb`d, p`r` gsms glgims sg gktgkhg qug d` pgrsmk` curïhbi` `onbâk rgqubgrg ibgrms rgsju`rhms imom d` prbv`ibh`h, bkidusm sg f` hbifm qug d`s pgrsmk`s Curïhbi`s tgkgk uk` —fmkr`‟, qug vbgkg ` sgr su rgpu`ibùk imogrib`d, km gs dm obsom qug d` fmkr` hg d`s pgrsmk`s.

 

Gk hgkbtv` d` hmirbk` y d` pràiti` hg dms rbnuk`dgs f` fgifm gvmduibmk`r gsg imkigpm hg tud`rbh`h rgimkmibgkhm rgimkmibgkhm `iu`dogkg qug d`s pgrsmk`s curïhbi`s pughgk sgr y smk tud`rgs hg `djukms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs gk d` oghbh` gk qug gddms sg`k imop`tndgs imk su k`ur`dgz`. Gk rgd`ibùk imk dms hgrgifms fuo`kms gsm v` uk pmim oàs gk hbsiusbùk, dms mrhgk`obgkms bkgrk`ibmk`dgs f`k sbhm uk pmim oàs rgkugkgs ` gxgkhgr d` tud`rbh`h hg dms hgrgifms fuo`kms ` pgrsmk`s curïhbi`s, pgrm dm f`k fgifm. Ybk gon`rjm, ` hblgrgkib` hgs dm imk`,dms mrhgk`obgkms bkgrkms gk f`s qug vgi d` prmgiibùk sgrgs`s f``sh`hm prbkib prb kibp`d p`dogk ogkg g pmr r`z r`zmkg mkgs hgqug d` p`s` gop goprgs rgs`, l`o l`obd bdb`r b`rgs, gs, gim gimkùo kùobi` bi`s, s, oui ouif`s vgigs gs d`s gop goprgs f`k prgsgk`hm uk rgiursm hg prmgiibùk imk gd k hg gkgr prmgiibùk ` uk` pgrsmk` curïhbi` iu`khm gs`s sg vbki vbkiud ud`k `k ` d` hglg hglgks ks`` y pr prmo momi mibù bùk k hg hg hgrg rgif ifms ms im imom om d`s d`s MK MKJ, J, jr jrup upms ms hg gsu gsuhb hbms ms,, hg r r`n `n`c `cm m m `smib`ibmkgs. Gk rgsuogk, d` bhg` hg gxgkhgr d` tud`rbh`h ` uk` pgrsmk` curïhbi` pmr r`zmkgs hbstk`s gs uk lgkùogkm qug miurrg `km gk gd àonbm hgd hgrgifm bkgrkm (hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs) imom gk gd àonbm bkgrk`ibmk`d (hbsiusbùk (hbsiusbùk hgrgifms fuo`kms) y gk `onms sg f` prmhuibhm uk` `pgrur`.

L@DDM ^MD >>1 >:-17->1 ½F`st` iuàkhm `djubgk gs pgrsmk`=

^. Kgigs`rb`ogkg hgngoms rgiurrbr ` d` hbsiusbùk qug sg susibù gkmrkm ` d` `prmn`ibùk hg d` —dgy hg r`spd`kg hg ùrj`kms‟, prbkibp`dogkg sg hbsiutù gd irbgrbm p`r` hgibhbr iu`khm grobk`n` d` vbh` hg uk` pgrsmk` pmrqug gk gsg prmygim sg utdbz`n` imom irbgrbm d` ougrg gkiglàdbi` p`r` gkgkhgr gd ârobkm hg d` gxbsgkib` fuo`k`. Gd imkbim hg imkstuibmk`dbh`h qug vg uk jrupm hg p`rd`ogk`rbms hg hgrgif` d` gxr`iibùk hg dms ùrj`kms obgkr`s gd imr`zùk sbjug d`tgkhm imkstuyg uk` vudkgr`ibùk `d hgrgifm ` d` vbh` y hg p`sm, gd dgjbsd`hmr sg f`nï` gxighbhm hg sus imopggkib`s pmrqug km gsà l`iud`hm p`r` hgkbr iu`khm uk` pgrsmk` ougrg pmrqug d` ougrg km gs uk lgkùogkm qug dg imrrgspmkhg c`r `d hgrgifm, d` ougrg gs uk fgifm curïhbim `sï qug gd mrhgk`obgkm smdm dg pughg `sbjk`r imksgiugkib`s. Gs` hbsiusbùk, qug km smdm sg hbm gk Ifbdg `onbâk sg hbm gk hblgrgkgs p`ïsgs y gk hbstkms omogkms, supmkg gd ràksbm hg uk` imkigpibùk imopdg`ogkg idàsbi` ` uk` suo`ogkg kmvghms`5 hgd irbgrbm hg ougrg imrhb`d2 ` irbgrbm hg d` ougrg gkiglàdbi`. Fujm Sgpgh` hgiï` qug p`r` ouif`s pgrsmk`s lug hbibd `igp`r gsg irbgrbm oàs omhgrkm hg d` ougrg gkiglàdbi` pmrqug pmr `ðms sg imksruyù uk` —obmdmjï`‟ gkmrkm `d imr`zùk, pmr gcgopdm gd sïonmdm hgd `omr gs uk imr`zùk, sg vgkgr` gd —s`jr`hm imr`zùk‟ hg Cgsós. Gk hgkbtv` gsm tgkg qug vgr imk d` r`hbibùk iudu iudur`d r`d hg miibhgkg qug imkibng `d imr`zùk imom gd ùrj`km hg d` vbh` y km `d gkiâl`dm ` pgs`r hg qug dms gsuhbms hgomsr`n`k qug dms h`ðms gk gd rmkim gkiglàdbim gr`k brrgvgrsbndgs `sï qug imkstuï` d` ougrg. ^gspgim ` d` rggxbùk qug imktgkg d` sgkgkib`, gd Xrbnuk`d Imkstuib Imkstuibmk`d mk`d gkmrkm `d imkigpm hg ougrg ddgj` ` d` imkidusbùk gk gd imksbhgr`khm :om —d` ougrtg gkiglàdbi` gs d` ougrtg rg`d ukbvmi` g bkgquïvmi` hg uk` pgrsmk`‟ y gk gd imksbhgr`khm 2 sg hbig qug gd Xrbnuk`d tgkg i`p`ibh`h p`r` c`r irbgrbms hg vbh` y ougrg hg uk` pgrsmk`. Gs bopmr`kg hgs`i`r dm ogkibmk`hm gk gsg ódtom imksbhgr`khm pmrqug gs uk` hg d`s bhg`s prbkibp`dgs qug v` ` gkr`r gk imkr`hbiibùk imk dm qug sg `ro` gk gd l`ddm hg d` pïdhmr` hgd hï` hgspuâs. @djm iurbmsm hg gs` dgy gs qug gd Xrbnuk`d gk su sgkgkib` c` d` ougrg gkiglàdbi` imom uk irbgrbm jgkgr`d y km smdm imom uk irbgrbm p`r` glgims hgd r`spd`kg hg ùrj`kms. Gc. F`ig `djukms `ðms uk gsuhb`kg uvm uk `iibhgkg gk Imqubonm qugh`khm jr`vgogkg fgrbhm, lug r`sd`h`hm `d fmspb`d y dms

 

oâhbims ddgj`rmk ` d` imkidusbùk hg qug prmn`ndgogkg gkï` ougrg igrgnr`d ` pgs`r hg qug gd imr`zùk `uk dg d``, pgrm p`r` `irghb`r m imks``r d` ougrg hg d` pgrsmk` d` dgy gxbjg d` pràiti` hg uk gdgirmgkigl`dmjr`o` y d` l`obdb` pbhbù qug uk s`igrhmg dg hbgr` d` ukibùk hg dms gklgroms y dm hgc`rmk smdm imk gd kbðm pgrm hgnbhm ` d` hgomr` uk l`obdb`r lug ` vgr quâ miurrï` y gd iur` dg gs`n` f`ibgkhm sgxm mr`d. D` si`dï` dm lmro`dbzù pmr gd hgdbm rgspgitvm pgrm d` hglgks` lmroudm uk` gmrï` —bkgrgs`kg‟, hbcgrmk qug gd kbðm gs`n` d` ougrm iu`khm sg prmhucm gd `nusms `nusm pugs gdgirmgkigl`dmjr`o` f`nï`pmr s`dbhm pd`km, mr`s p`d`nr`s gsbs hgd hglgksmr gs qug dms km sggdfbibgrmk imkr` uk` pgrsmk`, dm `km km gk gs uk fgifm rgdgv`kg p`r` gd hgrgifm. Gk imkidusbùk, d` vbh` hg uk` pgrsmk` grobk` imk d` ougrg hg su igrgnrm. D`s imkidusbmkgs prbkibp`dgs hgd l`ddm rmd >>13 0. D` vbh` imobgkz` imk gd k`ibobgkm >. Gd dgjbsd`hmr gs smngr`km p`r` c`r sbu`ibmkgs rgd`tv`s ` d` vbh` y d` ougrg hg d`s pgrsmk`s 9. Gd k hg d`s pgrsmk`s vbgkg h`h` pmr d` ougrg y sg utdbz` gd irbgrbm hg d` ougrg gkiglàdbi` Gk i`sm hg qug f`y` huh` gkrg d` vbh` y d` ougrg hg uk` pgrsmk`.

L`ddm rmd :81

Gsg gs gd l`ddm hg d` pïdhmr` hms5 gk rgsuogk d` obkbsr` hg s`duh y d` prgsbhgk` hg d` rgpóndbi` gobgk uk hgirgm suprgom hgkmobk`hm —kmro`s k`ibmk`dgs hg rgjud`ibùk hg d` lgrtdbh`h‟ gs`ndgibgkhm dms oghbi`ogkms hg d` s`duh sgxu`d y rgprmhuitv` qug sg rgp`rgk gk dms igkrms hg s`duh hgd p`ïs. Gr` d` prbogr` vgz qug sg bkiduï` d` hbsrbnuibùk hg d` pïdhmr` hgd hï` hgspuâs y gsm prmvmiù uk gsiàkh`dm pmdïtim pugs gd p`ïs `kgs gr` ouifm oàs imksgrv`hmr y gopgz`rmk ` hgibr qug d` prgsbhgk` gs`n` bkigktv`khm bkigktv`khm ` qug d`s oucgrgs (bkidusm d`s ogkmrgs hg gh`h) uvbgr`k sgxm `ksbms`ogkg utdbz`khm d` pïdhmr` imom uk imkrmd hg k``dbh`h y qug iudp` gkï`k gsms —kbðms‟ D` bopujk`ibùk p`rtù hbrbjbâkhmsg hbrbjbâkhmsg gk imkr` hg mhms dms ogi`kbsoms `ktimkigptvms y hg imkrmd hg k``dbh`h, hg fgifm bkidusm sg pgksù qug gd Xrbnuk`d Imkstuib Imkstuibmk`d mk`d bn` ` hgid`r`r bkimkstuibmk bkimkstuibmk`d `d dms prgsgrv`tvms pmrqug km gs`n` gxidubhm hgd rgqugrbobgkm. Gk imkidusbùk, gd rbnuk`d gs`n` sbgkhm ouy omr`d y pmim curïhbim, y dms `rjuogkms oâhbims utdbz`h utdbz`hms ms gkï`k uk sgsjm bhgmdùjbim bopmr`kg pugs hgràs hg mhm gxbs` d` bhg` hg qug d` pïdhmr` gr` pgdbjrms`, imkr`rb` ` dms v`dmrgs irbst`kms, imkr`rb` ` d` smibgh`h s`k` y qug `hgoàs gr` `djm imkr`prmhuigkg p`r` d`s oucgrgs `sï qug —hgnï`k sgr iubh`h`s hg gdd`s obso`s‟ D` hbsiusbùk curïhbi` sg igkr` gk hms ims`s3 0. Gd gonrbùk gs pgrsmk`, gkmkigs iu`dqubgr oghbh` qug tgkh` ` bopghbr su hgs`rrmddm gs imkr`rb` ` d` imkstuibùk y` qug gs` rgimkmig gd hgrgifm ` d` vbh`. —@r. 02 k± 0‟ >. Gsg sgrvbibm hg imksgcgrï` y `imop`ð`obgkm ` d`s ogkmrgs hg gh`h qug smdbibgk d` pïdhmr` hgd hï` hgspuâs gs imkr`rb` ` d` imkstuibùk pmrqug dgsbmk` gd hgrgifm hg dms p`hrgs p`r` ghui`r ` sus fbcms pmrqug km sg gxbjg qug gd p`hrg m o`hrg `imop`ðg ` d` kbð` `d imksudmrbm. D` bhg` hg qug d` vbh` gopbgz` gk d` imkigpibùk sg hgng ` mh` uk bkgrprg`ibùk hg hbvgrsms l`ddms hg d` Imrg Yuprgo`, ` d` hmirbk` hg d` bjdgsb`, gi. Iu`khm `k`dbz`oms `k`dbz`oms gs` sgkgkib` kms v`oms ` gkimkr`r imk ibgr`s imkidusbmkgs qug smk rgdgv`kgs3 0. Ygjók gsg l`ddm, ½d` hgibsbùk gkmrkm ` kmro`r gd bkbibm y k hg d`s pgrsmk`s gs uk` hgibsbùk hgd dgjbsd`hmr=

 

^. Km, pmrqug gd Xrbnuk`d imkiduyg qug d` imkstuibùk gs d` qug kmro` gd bkbibm hg d`s pgrsmk`s sbuàkhmdm gk d` imkigpibùk. Qmhgoms vgr qug gd l`ddm rmd >>1 y gd l`ddm rmd :81 sg imkr`hbigk gk gs` iugstùk. @d omogkm hg hbsiutr gsms `sukms y utdbz`r gd imkigpm —vbh`‟ hgngoms f`igrdm sbgoprg hgshg uk` pgrspgitv` curïhbi`, km pmhgoms prggkhgr rgsmdvgr ` r`vâs hgd hgrgifm `sukms prmpbms hg d` ibgkib` oâhbi`, gd hgrgifm KM QWGHG hgibhbr iuàkhm gopbgz` d` vbh`, dm qug pughg hgibr gs hgshg iuàkhm sg dg mmrj` prmgiibùk imkstuibmk`d ` d` vbh`. D` o`ymr p`rg hg dms gsuhbms prgsgk`hms `kg gd Xrbnuk`d hur`kg d` r`ob`ibùk r`ob`ibùk hg gsg rgqugrbobgkm bkhbi`n`k bkhbi`n`k qug d` pïdhmr` km gr` `nmrtv` pmrqug km iu`hr` gk gd imkigpm hg `nmrm pugs smdm bopbhg d` `kbh`ibùk hgd ibjmm, pgrm f`nï` ukms pmims gsuhbms qug sgð`d`n`k dm imkr`rbm. Qmr dm `km, `kg d`s —mpbkbmkgs hbvbh`s‟ gd rbnuk`d hgibhg `pdbi`r gd prbkibpbm l`vmr pgrsmk` gd iu`d sgð`d` qug gk i`sm hg huh` gkrg prmgjgr ` d` pgrsmk` m pgrobtr qug sg f`j` uk h`ðm gk su imkr`, f`y qug mp`r pmr prmgjgrd`. Imom gd k`siburus gs pgrsmk`, pmr d` huh` hgid`r`k d` bkimkstuibmk bkimkstuibmk`dbh`h `dbh`h hgd hgirgm. D` bhg` hg qug d` tud`rbh`h hg dms hgrgifms imobgkz` gk d` imkigpibùk sg hgsprgkhg hgd `r. 02 k± 0 qug prmgjg —`d qug gstà pmr k`igr‟ y hg d` imkvgkibùk bkgr`ogrbi`k` hg hgrgifms fuo`kms qug bkhbi` —sg prmgjgrà d` vbh` gk jgkgr`d hgshg d` imkigpibùk.‟

@rt`vb` v/s Imst` ^bi`

Gk Ims` ^bi` hgshg 0227 f`s` gd >110 gr` dgj`d d` lgrtdbz`ibùk gk vbrm f`s` qug uk` pgrsmk` sg hbrbjbù ` d` Imrg Yuprgo` hg Ims` ^bi` hbibgkhm qug gs` pràiti` gr` bkimkstuibmk`d pmrqug supmkï` d` o`kbpud`ibùk hg gonrbmkgs, y `hgoàs gk gd prmigsm hg lgrtdbz`ibùk `djukms hg gsms gonrbmkgs tgkgk qug hgsrubrsg dm qug imkstuym gd —hgsgifm hg d` vbh`‟ Gsg gs uk imkbim hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs qug grobk` gk uk `op`rm bkgr`ogrbi`km gk qug km sg `k`dbz`r` d` imkstuibùk hg Ims` ^bi` sbkm qug sg `k`dbz`k d`s kmro`s bkgrk`ibmk`dgs hg hgrgifms fuo`kms qug rbjgk hgkrm hgd sbsgo` bkgr`ogrbi`km, gkrg gdd`s d` imkvgkibùk `ogrbi`k` hg hgrgifms fuo`kms.   @r.. 8 hg d` imk @r imkvgk vgkibù ibùk k —Xmh` pgrsmk` gkg hgrgifm ` qug sg rgspgtg su vbh`, gsg hgrgifm gst`rà  prmtgjbhm pmr dgy dgy y gk jgkgr`d ` p`rr p`rr hgd omogktm hg d` imkigpibùk imkigpibùk‟

Ymnrg d` n`sg hg gsg `rjuogkm dg mi` ` d` Imrg Bkgr`ogrbi`k` hg Hgrgifms Fuo`kms rgsmdvgr sb d` lgrtdbz`ibùk bk vbrm lmro`n` ` uk` pgrsmk`. Gs` Imrg ddgj` ` d` imkidusbùk hg qug km gr` uk` pgrsmk` y qug d`s kmr kmro`s o`s bk bkgrk grk`ib `ibmk` mk`dgs dgs ib`h` ib`h`ss prg prggk gkhgk hgk prm prmgj gjgr gr ` d` o`h o`hrg rg gon gon`r` `r`z`h z`h`, `, pgr pgrm m km f`y `rjuogkms kb fbsùrbims kb hg gxm qug pgrob`k imkidubr qug gd k`siburus gsà prmgjbhm (imksbhgr`khm >>> y >>9) Iu`khm sg hgibhbù bkidubr d` lr`sg —y gk jgkgr`d‟ gkï` imom prmpùsbm `gku`r gs` bhg` hg qug d` vbh` sg h` bkoghb``ogkg dugjm hg d` imkigpibùk `sï qug i`h` Gs`hm gsà bkvb`hm ` prmgjgr d` vbh` hgshg su imkigpibùk, pgrm km gsà mndbj`hm. Gd hgrgifm ` d` vbh` km gs dm obsom qug d` vbh` nbdùjbi`. - Hgrgifm ` d` vbh`3 D` lmro` hg gxbsgkib` `ogrb` prmgiibùk imkstuibmk`d imkstuibmk`d - \bh` nbmdùjbi`3 Gc. Wk` n`igrb` tgkg vbh` pgrm km tgkg prmgiibùk imkstuibmk`d Gk gs` hblgrgkib` imkigpu`d sg n`s` d` prgjuk` ½gd k`siburus tgkg hgrgifm ` d` vbh`=

 

Gk imkidusbùk sgjók gsg l`ddm hgd >10> gd k`siburus km rgókg d`s imkhbibmkgs p`r` sgr tud`r hg hgrgifms fuo`kms gk gd àonbm bkgr`ogrbi`km.

L`ddm 9:>2 Gk gd hgrg hgrgifm ifm ifbdgkm ifbdgkm gkr`rgoms gk d` huh` iu`khm d` gx prgsbhgk` Obifgddg N`ifgdg gkvbù `d imkjrgsm gd prmygim hg dgy hg `nmrm gk rgs i`us`dgs. Yg prgsgkù uk rgqugrbobgkm hbibgkhm qug gd k`siburus gs tud`r hg hgrgifms `sï qug iu`dqubgr `gk`hm gk su imkr` dm prbv`rï` hg su vbh`. Gk @dgo`kb` sg pd`kgù d` hbsiusbùk hgd `nmrm hbibgkhm qug gd k`siburus gr` tud`r hg hgrgifms pgrm qug d` o`hrg `onbâk gr` tud`r hg hgrgifms (sgxu`dgs y rgprmhuitvms), pmr dm `km iu`khm sg `umrbz` gd `nmrm ` r`vâs hgd l`ddm hgd Xrbnuk`d Imkstuibmk`d Lghgr`d sg dg h` o`ymr rgdgv`kib` `d hgrgifm hg d`s oucgrgs smnrg su iugrpm. Ybk gon`rjm, gk kugsrm p`ïs sugdg gxbstr uk` imklusbùk gk mrkm ` dm obsom pgrm dugjm hg d` sgkgkib` hgd l`ddm rmd 9:>2 km f`y imdbsbùk hg hgrgifms pmrqug d` imkstuibùk prmgjg d` vbh` hgd qug gsà pmr k`igr pgrm km dg mmrj` d` i`gjmrï` hg pgrsmk` `sï qug gd dgjbsd`hmr dg h` prbmrbh`h ` d` prmgiibùk hg d` vbh` hg d` o`hrg (imksbhgr`khm 81) Gk imkidusbùk, gd Xrbnuk`d tgkg uk` imkr`hbiibùk kmro`tv`5 gk gd l`ddm hg r`spd`kg hg ùrj`kms hbcm qug gkï` l`iud`h p`r` hgibhbr iuàkhm imobgkz` y iu`khm grobk` d` vbh`, dugjm gk gd l`ddm hg d` pïdhmr` hbcm qug gkï` d` huh` pgrm qug gsm dg sgð`d`n` gd imkstuygkg. Gk gsg l`ddm gd rbnuk`d s`dv` d` imkr`hbiibùk y z`kc` gd imkbim `d hgibr qug gd k`siburus km gs tud`r hg hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs Ybk gon`rjm, Fgrkàk Imrr`d qubsm pd`kg`r d` gsbs hg qug gsg l`ddm f`y uk vmm imkiurrgkg hg Hmobkjm qug gks`ngoms vgrh`h sg r`` hg uk gop`g uk` hg 7;8, pgrm gsm sgrï` km s`ngr d`Fgrkàkhgz sgkgkib`,`sï kmsmrms qug dm qug tgkg v`dmr ygskm gd hg vmm hgo`ymrï` d` o`ymrï`.

Bktgrprgt`ibùk hg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogkt`dgs3 Yg bkgrprg` iu`khm, dms hgrgifms tgkgk uk` gsruiur` v`j` y `nbgr` Oghb`kg gdd` sg `rbnuy`k `jgkh`s v`dùrbi`s

Irbtgrbms hg bktgrprgt`ibùk hg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogkt`dgs

 

Dbtgr`dbsom3 dg mmrj` v`dmr ` d`s p`d`nr`s qug gopdgm gd imkstuygkg `d rgh`i`r d` kmro` imkstuibmk`d, sg irbti` `d dbngr`dbsom, pmr su gsruiur` `nbgr` y v`j` hg dms imkigpms qug gopdg`, dm qug bopdbi` `gkgrsg `d gkmr dbgr`d hg gddms.

Mrbjbk`dbsom3 supmkg nusi`r iu`d lug d` vmduk`h hgd imkstuygkg `d omogkm hg gk qug sg irgm d` kmro`, sg irbti` pmrqug gs`ki` su bkgrprg`ibùk ` d` irg`ibùk hg d` kmro`.

Ybstgoàtbim y lbk`dbst`3 bopdbi` bkgrprg`r d` imkstuibùk imom uk iugrpm kmro`tvm y sbsgoàtim, gs hgibr, sg hgng bkgrprg`r imom uk mhm

Id`usud`s jgkgr`dgs hg

 

hgrgifms lukh`ogkt`dgs3

Yg r`` hg kmro`s hg d` Imkstuibùk qug imks`jr`k ibgrms imkigpms lukh`ogk`dgs y iuy` k`dbh`h gs bkgjr`r gd sbsgo` curïhbim imk hgrgifms kugvms m sgrvbr hg juï` p`r` d` bkgrprg`ibùk hg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs gxbsgkgs gk d` imkstuibùk, gk gsg sgkthm pughgk iuopdbr uk` lukibùk bkgjr`hmr` hgd mrhgk`obgkm curïhbim m iuopdbr uk` lukibùk fgrogkâuti` bkgrprg`tv`. D` imkst imkstuib uibùk ùk hg dms gs`hm gs`hmss ukbhms ukbhms rgimkmig rgimkmig ` dm ogkms, ogkms, hms id` id`usu usud`s d`s jgk jgkgr` gr`dgs dgs,, y gs`s gs`s sg gkiugkr`k gk d` gkobgkh` kuogrm 08 d` gkobgkh` hgd hgnbhm prmigsm y hg bju`d prmtgiibùk . D` gkobgkh` hgd hgnbhm prmigsms m hug prmigss ml d`w3 gs  uk` bhg` nàsbi` hg qug gd bkhbvbhum gs uk sgr

ùkti`ogkg dbnrg y pmr gddm gkgoms d` `ptuh hg kugsrm pd`k hg vbh` sbk d` bkgrvgkibùk bkcusti`h` hgd Gs`hm, km sg r`` hg uk p`grk`dbsom gs``d, sbk pgrcubibm hg qug pugh` rgjud`r d`s imkhui`s hg d` vbh` fuo`k`, fuo` k`, gk iu`km ` qug gs`s rgjud`ibmkg rgjud`ibmkgss km bopdbqug bopdbqug uk` bkrmobsbùk bkrmobsbùk hg d` vbh`, d` dbngr`h dbngr`h y d` prmpbgh`h dms bkhbvbhums, bkhbvbgk hums, gsms nbgkgs ` imkstubr d` mnr` hgdqug dbngr`dbs dbngr`dbsom om pgrm idàsbim hgf`igrdm Dmieg, sbk gon`rjm gsm km gs hg bk`kjbndg d` iu`d d` `umrbh`h km dms rgjudg, sbkm pughg, hgng sb gxbsg uk bkgrâs dgjïto`ogkg bopmr`kg, d` id`usud` hgd hgnbhm prmigsm j`r`ktz` `d sgr ùkti`ogkg dbnrg. Gd hgnbhm prmigsm gkg hms gdgogktms sust`kvms3

Gd hgnbhm prmigsm sust`ktbvm y gd hgnbhm prmigsm prmigs`d   - Gd hgnbhm hgnbhm prmigsm sust`k sust`kvm vm sg rggrg `d imkgkbhm, ` d` o`grb`dbh`h hgd pmhgr y sbrvg p`r` gv`du`r sb d`

bkrmobsbùk hgd ùrj`km gs``d gk d` gslgr` hgd bkhbvbhum f` sbhm gxigsbv` m km - Gd hgnbhm hgnbhm prmigsm prmigs`d, gk i`onbm sg `sgjur` qug gs` hgibsbùk hg bkgrvgkbr gk d` vbh` hg dms bkhbvbhums f`y` sbhm `hmp`h` hg `iugrhm `d prmighbobgkm imrrgspmkhbgkg.   Gk kugsrm gdmshgnbhm prmigsm gs uk` prmigs`d y gs` uvm qugsmdm vgr imk mrï mrïjgk jgkgs gs gksbsgo` prmigs prmigsms cuhbib cuhbib`dg `dgs s gk dms qugj`r`k` v` bks bksgr grm m d` vbh` vbh ` hgdp`gk`ibùk bkhbv bkhbvbhu bhum, m, gk gs` gssu ` mrbjgk imk imks`j s`jr`i r`ibùk bùk smd m gs` gs `

 

gs`ndgibh` imom uk j`r`k` hgd prmigsm cuhbib`d. Ybk gon`rjm, gs` j`r`k` sg hgsgkvugdvg gk ouifms àonbms. Gk dms Gs`hms Wkbhms, d` curbspruhgkib` sg f` gko`ri`hm `d gsuhbm hg d` bopujk`ibùk hg dms iugrpms dgj`dgs qug rgsrbkjï`k bkhgnbh`ogkg d` dbngr`h hg dms bkhbvbhums. D` idàusud` hg d` bju`d prmtgiibùk3 bopdbi` qug kbkjók gs`hm pmhrà prbv`r ` k`hbg hg d` bju`d prmgiibùk hg d`s

dgygs, d` Imkstuibùk hg Gs`hms Wkbhms rgif`z` d` i`s`s gkrg dms ibuh`h`kms, rgif`z` iu`dqubgr sunmrhbk`ibùk hg uk jrupm hg ibuh`h`kms smnrg mrms, gs` idàusud` gs ouy `ktju`, d` Imrg Yuprgo` hg gs`hms Wkbhms dg f` ims`hm hgkbr gd imkigpm hg Gk gsg i`sm smk idàusud`s jgkgr`dgs3 0) Gkobg Gkobgkh` kh` K± K± 08 hg d` d` Imkst Imkstuib uibùk ùk hg GG. GG. WW >) Jrbswm Jrbswmdh dh v/s Imkkg Imkkgitiu itiu (Qrbv`i (Qrbv`iy) y) (02 hg d` Imkstuibùk

 

Ybrvg imom uk` hbrgirbz bkgrprg`tv`, qug dg rgiugrh` `d cugz sbgoprg d` prbo`iï` hgd sgr fuo`km qug km gs smdm gùrbi` sbkm qug gs` `onbâk imks`jr`h` gk d` I`r` Lukh`ogk`d. Gs` idàusud` hg d` hbjkbh`h fuo`k`, `onbâk gkiugkr` su j`r`k` `km gk gd mrhgk`obgkm bkgrkm imom gk gd mrhgk bkgrk`ibmk`d gk dms r``hms bkgrk`ibmk`dgs. Gs` idàusud` `onbâk prmhuig uk glgim bkgjr`hmr, gk uk hggrobk`hm i`sm pmr gcgopdm. d` YXI ^md 0981 smnrg d` bk`pdbi`nbdbh`h rgspgim hgd `rtiudm >1< hgd II, smnrg gd fbcm pùsuom rgd`tvm `d pd`zm p`r` `iibmk`r hg rgs `ðms i`sm gk gd qug km sg pmhï` hgo`kh`r d` db`ibùk, gs` sgkgkib` bkhbi` qug hbif` hbstkibùk vudkgr` gd `rtiudm 7 bkibsm > hg d` Imkstuibùk. Gs bopmr`kg gk gs` sgkgkib` gd imksbhgr`khm kmvgkm3   —qug dms hbvgrsms tr`t`hms r`i`hms pmr Ifbdg y qug sg gkiugktrgk vbjgktgs imks`jr`k gd hgrgifm ` d` bhgkh`h   pgrsmk`d jgkgr`khm pmr gkhg uk` mndbj`ibmk p`r` gd Gst`hm hg rgspgt`rdms y prmomvgrdms hg `iugrhm `d `riudm 7 hg d` I`rt` Lukh`ogkt`d, gk gstg sgkhm, sg f` smstgkbhm pmr gst` O`jbstr`tur` qug gd hgrgifm ` d` bhgkh`h   pgrsmk`d gs uk hgrgifm qug go`k` hg d` hbjkbh`h fuo`k` gk iu`ktm v`dmr qug sg imks`jr` gk `riudm 0 hg d` Imkstuibùk imkstuyg d` pbghr` `kjud`r hg tmhms dms hgrgifms hgrgifms lukh`ogkt`dgs qug d` dgy suprgo` imks`jr`. imks`jr`.  @sbobsom, `uk iu`khm d` Imkstuibùk Imkstuibùk ifbdgk` km im imks`jrg ks`jrg gxprgs`ogktg gd hg hgrgifm rgifm ` d` bhgkh`h, gddm km pughg imkstubr uk mnstàiudm p`r` qug gd cugz imkstuibmk`d dg nrbkhg `hgiu`h` prmtgiibùk, prgibs`ogktg y` qug sg gkiugktr` prmtgjbhm gk hbvgrsms tr`t`hms bktgrk`ibmk`dgs r`i`hms pmr Ifbdg y qug sg gkiugktr`k vbjgktgs gk kugstrm p`ïs‟  gd imksbhgr`khm hgibom 3 —` prmpùsbtm hgd hgrgifm ` d` bhgkh`h, gk kugstr` I`rt` Lukh`ogkt`d bopdbi` d`  pmsbnbdbh`h hg qug tmh` pgrsmk` pugh` sgr gdd` obso` y km mtr`, dm qug sg tr`huig gk qug gkg hgrgifm ` sgr  bksirbt` bkoghb`t`ogktg hgspuâs hg qug k`ig, ` tgkgr uk kmonrg hgshg hbifm omogktm y, gk d` oghbh` hg dm  pmsbndg sgr imkmibh` imkmibh` pmr sus p`hrgs y sgr iubh`h` iubh`h` pmr gddms…‟  —d` gstrgif` vbkiud`ibùk gktrg gd hgrgifm ` d` bhgkh`h pgrsmk`d y d` hbjkbh`h fuo`k` gs bkkgj`ndg,  pugs d` hbjkbh`h smdm sg `ro` iu`khm d` pgrsmk` jmz` hg d` sgjurbh`h hg imkmigr su mrbjgk, y smnrg gs n`s`  pughg `spbr`r `d rgimkmibobgktm smib`d qug ogrgig. d`s imksbhgr`ibmk imksbhgr`ibmkgs gs qug prmighgk cusi`k prgibs`ogktg, bkidubr gd hgrgifm ` d` bhgkh`h pgrsmk`d gktrg `qugddms hgrgifms gsgkib`dgs hg d` k`tur`dgz` fuo`k` ` qug `duhg gd `riudm 7 bkibsm sgjukhm hg d` Imkstuibùk…‟ 

Dms hgrgifms bopdïibtms3

Ymk `qugddms hgrgifms qug km gsàk imks`jr`hms gk d` Imkstuibùk, sg hgrbv`k hgd imkgkbhm prmpbm hg mrms hgrgifms m bkstuibmkgs qug imks`jr` d` Imkstuibùk, qug km sg pughg gkgkhgr gk su m`dbh`h sb km sg pughg imkignbr `ddï ` pgs`r hg qug km gsg imks`jr`hm, uk gcgopdm i`r`igrïstim hg gddm gs gd 02 K± 08 qug prmid`o` gd hgrgifm hg pgtibùk Id`sg 0>

Imkldbitbvbh`h hg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogkt`dgs3 Xgsbs km imkbivbst`s3 km f`y imkbims gkrg hgrgifms, hgrgifms, y` qug dms hgrgifms hgrgifms smk hg d` obso` cgr`rquï`, cgr`rquï`, sg

dd`o` gmrï` hg d` cgr`rqubz`ibùk hg dms hgrgifms, dms `umrgs, hbigk qug gkrg dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs y dms hgrgifms fuo`kms gxbsg uk` cgr`rquï`, gk uk o`rim `xbmdùjbim, dms v`dmrgs `onbâk pmsggk cgr`rquï`, sb sg prgsgk` uk imkbim gkrg dms hgrgifms f`nrà qug `k`dbz`r d` cgr`rquï` gkrg gd gddms, dms, p`r` uk` gsbs, gd hgrgifm ` d` vbh` gs gd oàs y p`r` mrms, dbngr`h hgGs` imkibgkib`, sb d` vbh` gs gd oàs gsg hgspd`z` pmrbopmr`kg gcgopdm ` d` dbngr`h hggs d` d` imkibgkib`. gmrï` luggkmkigs `opdb`ogkg hblukhbh` pmrbopmr`kg, gd Qrmlgsmr

 

Ig` gk dms `ðms 21‒, sbk gon`rjm gs rglu`h` pmrqug km tgkg kbkjók `sbhgrm, gk gsg i`sm gd `rtiudm 02 k±>< sg imksbhgr`n` imom uk hgrgifm, sbk gon`rjm gs uk` j`r`k` kmro`tv` hg hbifms hgrgifms. Xgmrï` hg d` `romkbz`ibùk 3 supmkg qug dms hgrgifms lukh`ogk`dgs hgngk bkgrprg`rsg hg o`kgr` `roùkbi`,

gs smsgkbhm pmr dms rbnuk`dgs, gk gsg sgkthm dms hgrgifms gk dms qug gxbsg imkr`pmsbibùk smk gcgribhms lugr` hg su o`rjgk, d` `romkbz`ibùk mpgr` k`dogkg gk gd àonbm hg d` rgsmduibùk, gs` pmsbibùk gs ouy gùrbi`.   Xgmrï`s imkbivbst`s3 sbgoprg f`y imkbims gkrg dms hgrgifms, d` jr`k irbti` ` d` gmrï`s imkbitvbs`s sgð`d`k qug qubgk tgkg d` ódto` p`d`nr` gs gd cugz, pugs gd irbgrbm sbgoprg sgrà curbshbiibmk`d, gd hgngrà rgsmdvgr hbifm imkbim. Gs` gs d` gmrï` o`ymb`rb`

Irbtgrbms hg rgvbsbùk cuhbib`d3  Gsirukbm (imoomk d`w) 0) Gsiru Gsirukbm kbm Gstrbi Gstrbitm3 tm3 gxbjg qug d` oghbh` sg gkiugkrg rgd`ibmk`h` imk uk` k`dbh`h bopmsgrj`ndg, sg

prgsuog d` bdgjbtobh` prgsuog bdgjbtobh`h h hg d` oghbh`, oghbh`, gd `jgkg `jgkg hgngrà mrigr d` prgsukibùk prgsukibùk hg bkimkstuibm bkimkstuibmk`dbh k`dbh`h `h hg d` oghbh` dbob`tv`, gs gsrbim gk d` gmrï`, pgrm bkgi`z gk d` pràiti`. >) Gsirukb Gsirukbm m Bktgroghb Bktgroghbm3 m3  gxbjg `d jgkg qug prugng qug d` oghb`h bob`tv` gs` dbj`h` ` uk` k`dbh`h bopmr`kg, gs hgibr, y` km sg hgng prmn`r uk k dgjbtom sbkm qug sg hgng prmn`r d` bopmr`kib` hg d` oghbh`. 9) Gsirukbm hg N`sg ^`ibmk`d3 dms cugigs smk `nsmdu`ogkg hglgrgkgs hg qubgkgs f`k mo`hm uk` oghbh`

rgsrbitv` hg uk hgrgifm lukh`ogk`d, gs` oghbh` sg imkmig imom oghbh` dbob`tv`, sb gs dgjbto` gd imkbim hg hgrgifms gs` rgsugdm, sb gs bdgjbto`, bopmr` uk` vudkgr`ibùk ` uk hgrgifm lukh`ogk`d, gd kbvgd hg bkgksbh`h gs n`c`. D` oghbh` dbob`tv` hgng sgr bkgrprg`h` gk o`ymr m ogkmr bkgksbh`h hgpgkhbgkhm hgpgkhbgkhm hgd kbvgd hg gsirutkbm, gk gsg i`sm gd `jgkg qug mo` d` oghbh` hgngrà prmn`r qug gdd` sg `cus` ` uk k dgjbtom y qug sg `cusg `d mrhgk`obgkm curïhbim - I`sm N`eeg v/s Wkbvgrsbh`h hg I`dblmrkb`   Gd

Xrbnuk`d Yuprgom hg GGWW mrhgk` d` rg`hobsbùk hg uk gstuhb`ktg nd`kim Xrbnuk`d

Gd Xrbnuk`d Yuprgom kmrtg`ogrbi`km mrhgkù `ygr ` uk` l`iudt`h hg Oghbibk` hgd gst`hm hg I`dblmrkb` qug `hobt` ` uk gstuhb`ktg, qug f`nï` sbhm bdgj`dogktg hbsirbobk`hm ` d` fmr` hgd bkjrgsm gk d` obso`, pmr sgr hg r`z` nd`ki`. D` sgktgkib` sg imksbhgr` imom uk` hg d`s oàs bopmrt`ktgs gk gd tgo` r`ib`d hgshg qug gktrù gk vbjmr d` dgy hg dms Hgrgifms Ibvbdgs, gk 021 0) Yb gxbsg gxbsg uk` rgjd` rgjd` qug smduibmk smduibmkgg gd imkbim, imkbim, ` gdd` gdd` sg hgng sunsuob sunsuobrr gd i`sm imkirgm, imkirgm, >) d` prgjuk` prgjuk` gs ½gxbsg ½gxbsg mr` mr` pmsbnbdb pmsbnbdbh`h h`h hg rgsmdvg rgsmdvgrr uk i`sm sbk sbk pmkhgr`rd pmkhgr`rdm= m= Dms `umrgs `umrgs f`nd`k f`nd`k hg hg d` k`v`c` hg Mii`o. Gd prmndgo` hg d` pmkhgr`ibùk imksbsg gk hgc`r d` smduibùk hgd i`sm imkirgm ` d` hbsirgibmk`dbh`h hgd cugz. (D` k`v`c` hg Mii`o3 prbkibpbm qug bkhbi` qug smduibùk oàs sbopdg gs kmro`dogkg d` imrrgi`). i mrrgi`). 9) Xrbpdg Xrbpdg gs hg prmpmribmk`d prmpmribmk`dbh`h bh`h hg nbgkgs nbgkgs y hgrgifms Bhgkti Bhgkti`r `r dms nbgkgs gk cugjm, cugjm, sb f`y uk` cgr`rquï` cgr`rquï` km gk iu`km ` dms hgrgifms, sbkm gk iu`km ` d`s kmo`s qug imktgkgk gsms hgrgifms.

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Xgst hg `hgiu`ibù `hgiu`ibùk k tgdg tgdgmdùjb mdùjbi`3 i`3 supmkg qug d` oghbh` dbob`tv` hg uk hgrgifm lukh`ogk`d

hgng mrbgk`rsg ` uk k dgjbtom Xgst hg dgjbobh`h3 gd `jgkg qug mo` d` oghbh` dbob`tv`, hgng prgsuobr qug gdd` gs dgjbto` Xgst hg kgigsbh`h m hg oghbms ogkms rgstrbivms3  imksbsg gk qug d` oghbh` dbob`tv` hg uk hgrgifm lukh`ogk`d m fuo`km hgng sgr d` ogkms jr`vms` hg mh`s `qugdd`s p`r` `di`kz`r gd k prggkhbhm Xgst hg dgsbvbh`h3 nusi` `k`dbz`r m gs`ndgigr sb d` oghbh` dbob`tv` hgd hgrgifm lukh`ogk`d km supmkj` uk hgrgifm gk pms hg mrm.