Clase 4 Iluminación Natural

 

JK\MJHGOJßH HGT\PGK

Me. Grq. Harmg Gk`grrgojh Plyls

 

 JK\MJHGOJßH Kg jkumjhgojÿh lflrol uhg lharml jhculhojg lh hulstrg plrolpojÿh dl uh lhtarha, dl mghlrg qul uh sjstlmg dl jkumjhgojÿh `jlh djsl÷gda oahtrj`uyl g orlgr uhg slhsgojÿh dl ogkjdgd lh ougkqujlr lspgoja jhtlrjar, plra pgrg kg orlgojÿh dl tgk gm`jlhtl, `ulhgy oam`jhgojÿh ls dl hlolsgrjg gotarls uhg têohjoas su`flvas, tgkls oama6 •

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Kg plrolpojÿh y Kg vgkargojÿh dlk lspgoja.

HGT\PGK

 

 JK\MJHGOJßH Kg jkumjhgojÿh hgturgk ha sÿka sl trgtg dl praparojahgr suojlhtl kuz dl díg g uh lspgoja, sjha dl bgolrka, sjh praduojr dlskum`rgmjlhta, lxolsa dl ogkar, u atras llotas hlegvas pgrg lk usugrja.

Lk oahart kumíhjoa sl rllrl g kas gsplotas psjoakÿejoas rlkgojahgdas oah kg kuz, mjlhtrgs q lk oahart vjsugk, sl rllrl g kas gsplotas psjoakÿejoas rlkgojahgdas oah kg plrolpojÿh lspgojgk y dl kas a`fltas qul radlgh gk jhdjvjdua.

HGT\PGK

 

SLHTGFG_ DL KG JK\MJHGOJAH HGT\PGK

 

 JK\MJHGOJßH HGT\PGK Kg jkumjhgojÿh hgturgk ls uhg mghlrg dl dgr okgrjdgd g kgs bg`jtgojahls durghtl lk díg usghda kg kuz dlk sak. Bgy vgrjgs mghlrgs dl jhstgkgr kgs vlhtghgs y dlfgr pgsgr kg okgrjdgd, y muobas gotarls qul jhcuylh g kg barg dl dlojdjr lk pa dl vlhtghg y su oarrlspahdjlhtl u`jogojÿh.

Kg ogkjdgd dl kg lhl yg kg pgroukgrjdgd dlkuz slrsakgr djhçmjog qul lstç oahhugmlhtl ogm`jghda g ka kgrea dlk díg y dl kas mlsls dlk g÷a. Kg vjsjÿh bumghg lstg dlsgrrakkgdg pgrg kg kuz hgturgk y pgrg lstas ogm`jas.

A@FLTJSA_ DL KG JK\MJHGOJAH HGT\PGK •

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^raparojahgr lk hjvlk dl jkumjhgojÿh hlolsgrja pgrg lk dlsgrrakka dl kg tgrlg. Mjhjmjzgr dlskum`rgmjlhtas y rlclfas. Lvjtgr oahtrgstls lh lk lhtarha dl rlclxjahls kg tgrlg vjsugk. Djuhdjr kg kuz mldjghtl mökpkls lh kas olrrgmjlhtas jhtlrjarls.

_jstlmgs dl Jkumjhgojÿh Hgturgk lh Grqujtloturg

 

_ah kas oahfuhtas dl oampahlhtls qul lh uh ldjoja a oahstruoojÿh sl ukjzgh pgrg jkumjhgr oah kuz hgturgk. Kg oghdgd, ogkjdgd y djstrj`uojÿh dl kg kuz jhtlrjar dlplhdl dl6 •

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_jstlmgs dl jkumjhgojÿh kgtlrgk

_jstlmgs dl jkumjhgojÿh olhjtgk

Dlk uhojahgmjlhta oahfuhta dl kas sjstlmgs dl jkumjhgojÿh, Dl kg u`jogojÿh dl kgs g`lrturgs, Dl kg suplrojl lhvakvlhtls.

dl

kgs

_jstlmgs dl jkumjhgojÿh oam`jhgdg

 

Jkumjhgojÿh Kgtlrgk Kg kuz kkleg dlsdl uhg g`lrturg u`jogdg lh uh mura kgtlrgk, y ls par lsa qul kg jkumjhghojg dlk pkgha dl trg`gfa olrogha g kg vlhtghg lhl uh hjvlk gkta y gpartg lh armg jmpartghtl g kg jkumjhgojÿh elhlrgk. Kg jkumjhgojÿh kgtlrgk praparojahg uhg kuz djrjejdg, qul rlgkzg kas rlkjlvls, plra qul lstg kjmjtgdg g kas hjvlkls suplrjarls dl kas ldjojas. Kg oghdgd y djstrj`uojÿh dl kg kuz qul jherlsg kgtlrgkmlhtl g trgvês dl uhg g`lrturg lh uh mura dlplhdl dl kg arjlhtgojÿh dlk mura dahdl kg mjsmg lstg lmpkgzgdg6 Slhtghgs gk Hartl6 gtgrdlolr. Slhtghgs gk Lstl6 mldja díg. Slhtghgs gk Alstl6

jkumjhgojÿh djrlotg dlsdl lk gmghlolr bgstg lk

jkumjhgojÿh djrlotg dlsdl lk mldja díg bgstg lk

gtgrdlolr. Slhtghgs gk _ur6

ha rloj`lh jkumjhgojÿh djrlotg, sÿka rloj`lh

jkumjhgojÿh djrlotg dlsdl lk gmghlolr bgstg lk

jkumjhgojÿh djusg y rlclfgdg.  

Jkumjhgojÿh olhjtgk

Ls gqulkkg qul lhtrg lhtrg dlsdl kg ou`jlrtg a tloba, y qul tadas rlkgojahgmas, oah lk kuolrhgrja9 lstl pa dl lhtrgdg dl kuz dlsdl lk tloba, tgm`jêh puldl praduojrsl lh ou`jlrtgs jhtlrmldjgs oama sah kas pgas y tlrrgzgs dÿhdl dl`gfa dl lkkgs lxjstl uh lspgoja oah djouktgdls dl jkumjhgojÿh. ^lrmjtl jkumjhgr lspgojas dÿhdl ls jmpasj`kl tlhlr uhg vlhtghg qul dl djrlotgmlhtl gk lxtlrjar,, tgm`jêh plrmjtl jkumjhgr lspgojas dahdl kas rlqujsjtas dl jkumjhgojÿh sl `gsgh lh lxtlrjar ogkjdgd oghdgd. Ls sl dlojr, ghtl kuz kg pasj`jkjdgd dl êstg jkumjhgr dl uhg vlhtghgyoahvlhojahgk, lkjelmuobgs jkumjhgrvlols, mldjghtl olhjtgk yg qul orlg guhtrgvês gm`jlhtl dl

oahart y ogkjdlz.  

Jkumjhgojÿh Oam`jhgdg

Ls gqulkkg jkumjhgojÿh qul gpravlobg kas sumjhjstras dl kuz hgturgk yg slg kgtlrgk a olhjtgk par mldja dl gplrturgs lh vghas, plreakgdas, mgmpgrgs, lto

 

Lstrgtlejgs dl Jkumjhgojÿh Hgturgk Kgs lstrgtlejgs dl kg jkumjhgojÿh hgturgk lh kas ldjojas, `usog uhg mlfar ogptgojÿh dl kg kuz hgturgk, pgrg rlpgrrkg rlpgrrkg a aogkjzgrkg lh lk jhtlrjar. Gsí mjsma sl `usog lk oahtrak oahtrak dl kg kuz (kg pratloojÿh dl kg kuz lxolsjvg) pgrg lvjtgr lk jhoahart a djsoahart vjsugk. \hg ergh oghdgd dl gotarls jhtlrvjlhlh lh kas oaholptas dl kg lstrgtlejg dl kg jkumjhgojÿh hgturgk6 jkumjhgojÿh hgturgk djspahj`kl, pa dl vjdrja, lmpkgzgmjlhta y armg dl kgs vlhtghgs, djmlhsjahls dlk lspgoja y sjstlmgs dl pratloojÿh.

OG^TGP KG K\V

PL^GPTJP PL^ GPTJP KG K G K\V

^PATLELP Z OAHTPAKGP

 

OG^TGP KG K\V

Kg plhltrgojÿh dl kg kuz lh lk ldjoja praduol llotas muy djlrlhtls6 ^ar kgs oahdjojahls lxtlrjarls6

Kg oghdgd dl kuz ogptgdg lh uh kaogk dlplhdl dl kg hgturgklzg y dlk pa dl vjdrja lmpklgda, dl su rueasjdgd, dl su lsplsar y dl su lstgda dl kjmpjlzg. Kg jhtlrvlhojÿh jhtlkjelhtl lh lk lhtarha dl kas ldjojas puldl lvjtgr kg maklstg rgdjgojÿh rgsghtl (dl jhvjlrha g vlrgha) gvarlojlhda gk mjsma lmpa kg lhtrgdg dl kg kuz hgturgk.

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Tjpa dl ojlka, Oahtgmjhgojÿh, Lstgojÿh, barg dlk díg, y Oahdjojahls dl aoupgojÿh dlk lhtarha.

Tgm`jêh lh uhojÿh dlk6 Lmpkgzgmjlhta, Arjlhtgojÿh, Jhokjhgojÿh , •

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Tgmg÷a y pa dl kas vjdrjas.

PL^GPTJP KG K\V

 

\hg vlz qul kg kuz bg plhltrgda lh uh lspgoja, dl`l slr rlpgrdg par lk oahfuhta dlk kaogk a oaholhtrgdg sa`rl uh puhta dl êstl. Lh lk ogsa dl kas muslas, ls rloulhtl aogkjzgr kg kuz hgturgk sa`rl uhg a`rg dl grtl. Lk rlpgrta dl kg kuz hgturgk ls uhojÿh dl6 

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Kg elamltríg dlk kaogk Lk gmul`kgmjlhta

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Kg sjtugojÿh dl kgs vlhtghgs vlhtghgs

 

Kg armg dl kgs vlhtghgs Kas gotarls dl rlclxjÿh dl kgs pgrldls

Kg kuz sl rlclfg muoba mlfar sa`rl lk oahfuhta dl kgs suplrojls jhtlrjarls dl uh kaogk, oughda ha lhoulhtrg `grrlrgs dl`jdgs g kg elamltríg dlk kaogk a g su ma`jkjgrja, y oughda kas rlvlsmjlhtas dl kgs pgrldls sah mgtls y okgras. Kg kuz tgm`jêh puldl slr rlpgrdg sleöh lk pa dl vjdrja lmpklgda (trgskuojda) a par mldja dl rlclotarls, qul jhokusa puldlh kklvgrkg bgstg lk ahda dl erghdls kaogkls.

 

^PATLELP Z OAHTPAKGP 

Kg plhltrgojÿh lxolsjvg dl kg kuz hgturgk puldl slr mava dl maklsgs vjsugkls (dlskum`rgmjlhta y geg). Kg prapjg grqujtloturg dl kgs gobgdgs y vlhtghgs plrmjtl oahtrakgr kg plhltrgojÿh dl kg kuz hgturgk lh kas kaogkls. ^grg su oahtrak, puldlh ukjzgrsl lklmlhtas grqujtlotÿhjoas fas (vakgdjzas, `ghdlfgs kumjhasgs a gklras dl ou`jlrtg) gsaojgdas a ha g pghtgkkgs mÿvjkls (plrsjghgs, oahtrgvlhtghgs a takdas).

 

Ls jmpartghtl lvgkugr y mldjr6

Oghtjdgd y ogkjdgd dl kuz hgturgk dl uh lspgoja lxtlrjar  Dlplhdl dl vgrjas gsplotas6

g. Jkumjhgho Jkumjhghojg jg hgturgk hgturgk lxtlrjar lxtlrjar (hjvlkl (hjvlkls) s) `. Kumjhghojg o. Plclotghojg

Dlplhdl dlk gm`jlhtl oahstrujda-ur`gha

 

g. Jkumjhghojg hgturgk lxtlrjar Hjvlk dl jkumjhgojÿh dl uh lspgoja a oghdgd(km), dl kuz a cufa kumjhasa qul jhojdl sa`rl uh oulrpa. _l mjdl lh kux (km/m0).

Dlplhdl dl6 7. Tjpa d dll oj ojlka 0. Jkum Jkumjh jhgh ghoj ojgg lh pkgh pkgha a barjzahtgk ?. Jkum Jkumjh jhgh ghoj ojgg lh pkgh pkgha a vlrogk

Ckufa kumjhasa6 oghdgd d dll lhlreíg rgdjghtl vjsj`kl (kuz) lh uhg uhjdgd dl lmpa dl su cufa. _l mjdl lh kumlh (km)

g. Jkumjhghojg hgturgk lxtlrjar

 

 Tjpa dl ojlka

_l puldl lsmgr g pgrr dl6 •

Kg hu`asjdgd (a`slrvgojÿh a vjejkghojg oahhug dlk ojlka)

Ploahaojmjlhta y lsmgojÿh dl kg oghdgd dl hu`ls prlslhtls lh kg `ÿvldg olklstl. G mlhar hu`asjdgd mgyar oghdgd dl kuz y vjolvlrsg.

Tjpakaeígs dl ojlka6 •

Dlsplfgda (oa`lrturg ;7/2)

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Djsplrsa (lhtrl 7 y 4/2)

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Hu`kgda (lhtrl < y 5/2)

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Ou`jlrta ( 8 5/2)

g. Jkumjhghojg hgturgk lxtlrjar

 

 Tjpa dl ojlka

_l puldl lsmgr g pgrr dl6 •

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Kg jhsakgojÿh (mldjojÿh)

Plejstra dl kgs bargs dl sak a`tlhjdgs g trgvês dl uh blkjÿerg blkjÿerga. a. G mgyar oghdgd dl bargs dl sak, oghdgd dl kuz.

mgyar

g. Jkumjhghojg hgturgk lxtlrjar

 

 Tjpa dl ojlka _l puldl lsmgr g pgrr dl6

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Kg rgdjgojÿh sakgr

Mldjojÿh dl kg rgdjgojÿh eka`gk (rgdjgojÿh qul kkle kklegg g kg lrr lrrgg y qul sl mjdl sa`rl uhg suplrojl barjzahtgk barjzaht gk lh uh çheuka dl 72>¾) Plkgojÿh dl kg rgdjgojÿh djusg y eka`gk.

`. Kumjhghojg

 

Jhtlhsjdgd dl kuz lmjdg par uhg suplrcojl lh uhg djrloojÿh dltlrmjhgdg.

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Ls kg qul plroj`l lk afa bumgha y ha kg jkumjhghojg (praoldlht (praoldlhtl l dl uhg ulhtl). Ls kg kuz rllfgdg par lk a`flta a suplrcojl suplrc ojl qul kg rloj`l.

_l mjdl oah lk Kumjhghoímltra6 arlol kas íhdjols dl kumjhghojg, lh oghdlkg/m0, rlprlslhtghda kg oghdgd dl kuz rllfgdg par kgs gobgdgs.

o. Plcklotghojg dl kgs suplrcjojls

 

Oghdgd dl lhlreíg qul ls rllfgdg par uh a`flta, kulea dl qul lstg jhojdl sa`rl êk. Lk rlsta dl kg lhlreíg jhojdlhtl puldl slr trghsmjdg a g`sar`jdg par lk a`flta.

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Plkgojÿh lhtrl lk cufa kumjhasa rlclfgda l jhojdlhtl. Ogpgojdgd dl uhg suplrojl dl rlclfgr kg kuz. Dlplhdl dl ogrgotlrísogs dl kg suplrojl. _l ogkoukg oah kumjhghojgs (J) dl kg suplrojl lvgkugdg, oampgrgdg oah suplrojl `kghog (:>%) y erjs (72%)

 

_J_TLMG_ DL OG^TGOJßH Z TPGH_^APTL DL  K\V HG HGT\P T\PGK GK

 

_jstlmg Bjmgwgrj

Ogptgojÿh y trghspartl dl kuz hgturgk mldjghtl uh sjstlmg dl cj`rg ÿptjog6

Oahstg dl uhg uhjdgd dl klhtls qul lhaogh kg kuz sakgr lh uhas tlrmjhgkls dl og`kls dl `rg ÿpog. Kg `rg ÿpog trghspartg lsg kuz, dl kg armg mçs logz, bgstg lk puhta dahdl sl hlolsjtl (bgstg 7 m dl djstghojg). Lstç datgda dl uh sjstlmg dl sleujmjlhta gutamçoa pgrg dltlotgr oah prlojsjÿh kg pasjojÿh dlk sak y a`tlhlr lk mçxjma rlhdjmjlhta durghtl tada lk díg. Lk sjstlmg Bjmgwgrj® praparojahg kuz sakgr dl gktg ogkjdgd6 lk taha dl kg kuz ls oçkjda, hgturgk. Cjktrg kas rgyas uktrgvjakltg, par ka qul kg kuz ls muy sugvl pgrg kas afas y kg pjlk, ougkjdgdls qul ha sl a`lhlh oah hjheöh pa dl jkumjhgojÿh grojgk. Kg kuz sgkjlhtl ls prjhojpgkmlhtl kuz dlk lsplotra vjsj`kl, kg mlfar pgrg lkjmjhg kg atasíhtlsjs dl \.S., kgs pkghtgs. Dgda yqul sjstlmg Bjmgwgrj® kas rgyas kas mul`kls kgs lk maqultgs

ha pjlrdlh oakar y sl ukjzg lh gerjoukturg (jhvlrhgdlras).  

Blkjastgtas _akgrls

Jkumjhgr uh lspgoja jhtlrjar oah blkjastgtas sakgrls

\h blkjastgta ls uh lfl mahtgda lh lsplfa mavjda par uh rlkaf a uhg oamputgdarg pgrg rlclfgr uh rgya dl sak dl mghlrg oahstghtl lh uhg djrloojÿh. _l puldl oahsjdlrgr oama uh ejrgsak lklotrÿhjoa. Gk rgstrlgr lk mavjmjlhta dlk sak g trgvês dl lsplfas, kg kuz dlk sak sl rldjrjel g ka kgrea dl uh lfl fa bgojg uh `kghoa lstgojahgrja a rlolptar sakgr. Lk blkjastgta lstç oampulsta par uh oahfuhta dl lsplfas qul ratgh sakjdgrjgmlhtl sa`rl uha a das lfls, ka qul plrmjtlêkmghtlhlr lk rlclfa dl kas rgyas sakgrls qullh jhojdlh sa`rl lh uh puhta a suplrojl dltlrmjhgda tada mamlhta. Lk usa dl lsplfas pkghas plrmjtl kg trghslrlhojg dl kg lhlreíg sakgr dl mçs dlk :>%. \sghda lsplfas oÿhogvas, oahvlxas a pgrg`ÿkjoas sl oahsjeul oaholhtrgojÿh dl kuz a uhg gmpkjgojÿh dl kg suplrojl jkumjhgdg.

 

Blkjastgtas _akgrls SLHTGFG_6 Lk sjstlmg dl blkjastgta dltlotg lh ogdg mamlhta dlk díg kg pasjojÿh dlk sak, plrmjlhda lk •

pasjojahgmjlhta dlk blkjastgta y lk sleujmjlhta dlk sak oah muy gktg prlojsjÿh. •

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Lk sjstlmg ls gdgptg`kl y plrsahgkjzg`kl g kas rlqulrjmjlhtas dlk okjlhtl sleöh sus lsplojogojahls y hlolsjdgdls tgkls oama lk pa dl matar, lk mada dl uhojahgmjlhta a lk hjvlk dl sleurjdgd. Lk blkjastgta sapartg vjlhtas dl 74> im/b, jhokuylhda uh sjstlmg dl sleurjdgd qul ka dlsgovg y pratlel pgrg hjvlkls suplrjarls dl vjlhta. Lk oahsuma dl kas oampahlhtls lklotrÿhjoas y dl kas matarls ls íhma, mçxjma uhas 4 Ub ogdg díg.

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Lk mghtlhjmjlhta dlk sjstlmg ls míhjma, tghta lh oastl oama lh rloulhojg. _u ergh vlrsgkjdgd plrmjtl su jhstgkgojÿh g rgs dl sulka, lh ou`jlrtgs y gzatlgs dl kgs vjvjlhdgs, lh kgs qul sulkl slr hlolsgrja lk usa dl kg lhlreíg lkêotrjog pgrg jkumjhgrkgs.

DL_SLHTGFG_6 Dl`jda g kg oampklfjdgd dlk sjstlmg, lk oasta dlk sjstlmg ls mgyar qul atrgs sakuojahls pkghtlgdgs.

 

T\@A _AKGP _ah djspasjvas dlhamjhgdas tu`as sakgrls, qul mldjghtl kg ogptgojÿh dl kas rgyas sakgrls, plrmjtlh trghspartgr kg kuz hgturgk g kas kuegrls mçs rloÿhdjtas dl kg vjvjlhdg. Lstas sjstlmgs, lstçh djsl÷gdas pgrg praparojahgr kuz hgturgk lh lspgojas jhtlrjarls mldjghtl kg oghgkjzgojÿh dl kg kuz hgturgk bgojg lspgojas mçs asouras dl ougkqujlr ldjoja, sjh lmpkla dl lhlreíg gdjojahgk, puldlh slr lspgojas qul ghtls sÿka padígh jkumjhgr jkumjhgrsl sl grojgkmlhtl y dahdl ha ls pasj`kl jhstgkgr uhg vlhtghg lh gkeöh mura hj lh lk tloba.

Lk uhojahgmjlhta dl lstas lklmlhtas sl `gsgh lh6 • •

Lstçh djspahj`kls oah sjstlmgs dl vlhkgojÿh, y sl puldlh pahlr tghta lh kg ou`jlrtg oama lh lk kgtlrgk dl kg gobgdg, y mldjghtl lstas lklmlhtas sl trghspartg kg kuz g

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Ogptgojÿh, Oahduoojÿh, Pllxjÿh y

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Djusjÿh dl kg kuz oama lxtlhdjdg djrlotg, oampartçhdasl uh ylm`uda

ougkqujlr kuegr bgstg 0< mk.

ÿpoa.

 

^grghs Ls uhg lmprlsg _ulog, qul bg dlsgrrakkgda uh sjstlmg g `gsl dl oahduotarls dl c`rg ÿpog oah lk qul sl oahsjeul trghspartgr kuz sakgr g lspgojas jhtlrjarls lh kas qul ha bgy vlhtghgs. Lk sjstlmg oahstg dl trls lklmlhtas6 7. 0.

?.

Kas p pghlk ghlkls ls sa sakgr kgrls, ls, ooampu ampulst lstas as pa parr klh klhtls tls ÿpo ÿpogs gs y qul ssah ah ka kass lhogregdas dl rloaelr kg kuz sakgr. Kas ooahduo ahduotas tas d dl l c`r c`rg g ÿpo ÿpog, g, lho lhogre gregdas gdas d dl l tr trghsp ghspartg artgrr par l lkk ldjco ldjcoja ja djobg kuz. Kgs ku kumjhgr mjhgrjgs jgs qu qul l sl jhs jhstgkg tgkgh h lh lk jhtl jhtlrjar rjar p pgrg grg rlpr rlpraduo aduojr jr kg ku kuzz lh lk lspgoja

_l tlhdríg uh oahsuma olra dl lhlreíg lkêotrjog, yg qul kg ulhtl dl kuz ls lk prapja sak. Kas pghlkls sakgrls, sl puldlh jhstgkgr tghta lh tlobas oama lh gobgdgs, ergojgs gk çheuka dl g`sarojÿh dl kgs klhtls a oahas dl 70>¶. Atrg vlhtgfg ls qul kgs

Kgs kumjhgrjgs lh lk jhtlrjar rlpraduolh kg kuz sakgr g`sar`jdg par kas pghlkls, oahtghda tgm`jêh oah kg apojÿh dl tlhlr kuz grojgk pgrg kgs bargs lh kg qul yg ha sl djspaheg dl kuz hgturgk. ^grg lkka ^grghs djspahl dl kumjhgrjgs mjxtgs oah ulhtls dl kuz dl

klhtls sl puldlh arjlhtgr lh kg djrloojÿh dlk sak oah uh plqul÷a matar.

 

Lspgoja _akgr Kg lmprlsg, oah sldl lh @grolkahg, trghspartg kg kuz dlk sak g bg`jtgojahls asourgs mldjghtl uhg tlohakaeíg prapjg. Lspgoja _akgr plhsÿ qul uhas geuflras lh kgs ou`jlrtgs dl kas ldjojas padrígh bgolr lhtrgr lk sak. Kas djsl÷gdarls dl kg oampg÷íg jdlgrah gsí uhg olkasíg, yg pgtlhtgdg, qul trgsmjtl lk sak bgojg dlhtra dlk ldjoja, par dahdl bgolh pgsgr uh tu`a dl gkumjhja oah uh íhdjol dl rlclxjÿh dl lhtrl lk :2 y lk ::%, uh lsplfa ogsj plrlota dahdl lk sak rl`atg

cuarlsolhojg.

bgstg kklegr g kgs djvlrsgs lstghojgs.

Kg oghtjdgd y ogkjdgd dl kg jkumjhgojÿh (kumjhghojg y kg rlcklotghojg dl a`fltas y suplrcjojls) dlplhdl dl6

 

Ogrgotlrísogs Ogrgotlrís ogs dl ka kass lspgojas lxtlrjarls •

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^raparojahls dlk lspgoja ur`gha. ^rlslhojg dl ldjogojahls y ogrgotlrísogs6 tgmg÷a, gkturg, oakar, tlxturg, suplrojls vjdrjgdgs, (rlclotghojg (rlclotgh ojg dl suplrojls). ^rlslhojg dl mgsg dl çr`akls.

lto.

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Ogrgotlrísogs dl atrgsgolrgs, suplrojls (barjzahtgkls y vlrogkls)6 ogkkls,

ogmjhlrígs, çrlgs vlrdls.  

JK\MJHGOJßH HG HGT\PGK6 T\PGK6 Oahcart Sjsugk Oahart Sjsugk

_lhsgojÿh dl `jlhlstgr qul rloj`l lk bam`rl oughda a`slrvg a`fltas a rlgkjzg tgrlgs vjsugkls, sjh maklsgs hj ge geg, g, ergojgs g kg gdlougdg oam`jhgojÿh oam`jhgojÿh dl ogkjdgd y oghdgd dl jkumjhgojÿh.

OAHCAPT

Lk `jlhlstgr vjsugk dlplhdl dl6 •

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Hjvlk dl jkumjhgojÿh gdlougda Djstrj`uojÿh lspgojgk gdlougdg. Djstrj`uojÿh Plpraduoojÿh oramçog oarrlotg. Lk Dlskum`rgmjlhta Djrlota6 pravjlhlh dl ulhtls dl jkumjhgojÿh ^ar rlclxjÿh6 pravlhjlhtl dl ulhtls dl gktg rlclotghojg,

qul gpgrlol lh lk ogmpa dlk a`slrvgdar.  

‛Lk _ak ls kg ergh ulhtl dl jkumjhgojÿh  dl hulstrgoama vjdg.tgk Dl`lríg ukjzgrsl lh lk djsl÷a dl ogdg ogsg. (… …) ”   C.K. Urjebt