Clase 2 Oferta Demanda
August 27, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Djhrtg y Khognkg
Djhrtg @gnkgk `doabngkg kh un abhn quh tdkds fdsg vhnkhr prdku`tdrhs hn un ohr`gkd hstçn kbspuhstds
Khognkg @gnkgk `doabngkg kh un abhn quh tdkds fds `dnsuobkdrhs hstçn kbspuhstds g `doprgr.
Ohr`gkds y Odkhfds
Ohr`gkds y Odkhfds Xn ohr`gkd sh khnh pdr hf prdku`td hsph`ï`d quh sh `doprg `doprg y sh vhnkh , ung fd`gfbzg`bðn pgr`ufgr, pgr`ufgr, un fuigr hn hf hopd (hchopfds). Fds `dnsuobkdrhs khf ohr`gkd, khahrïgn shr `gpg`hs kh hn`dntrgr hn`dntrgr g fds vhnkhkdrhs kh hsh obsod ohr`gkd hstgafh`hr hf `dntg`td puhkg `dstgr trgagcd. y vb`hvhrsg, gun `ugnkd Hn fg prç``g, fds pds kh ohr`gkd vbstds hn fg `fgsh nóohrd 7, hnkhn g shr khnbkds kh ognhrg ou`md oçs gopfbg quh hn hstds hchopfds, hn târobnds khf prdku`td (gfbohntds), kh fg fd`gfbzg`bðn (hf ounkd, Goârb`g…), d khf phrïdkd thopdrgf (1578).
Iddfsahh, 1578
Mbpðthsbs khf odkhfd kh djhrt djhrtg g y khognkg Zhr `ðod fg djhrtg y fg khognkg bnthrg`tógn hn un sdfd ohr`gkd pgrg khthrobngr `uçntd kh un abhn d shrvb`bd sh vhnkh y g quâ prh`bd. @hntrgrsh hn un ohr`gkd ohr`gkd,, nd bopfb`g bindrgr `dopfhtgohnth dtrds ohr`gkds. Pðfd nds prhd`upgrhods kh dtrds ohr`gkds hn fg ohkbkg hn quh puhkgn bnubr hn hf ohr`gkd quh hstgods hstukbgnkd.
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Djhrtg y khognkg hn un sdfd ohr`gkd
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[dkds fds abhnhs `doprgkds y vhnkbkds hn hf ohr`gkd sdn bkân`ds.
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Xn `dnsuobkdr sh hn`uhntrg biugf kh jhfbz `dn ung unbkgk kh un abhn, quh `dn `ugfqubhr dtrg unbkgk kh hsh obsod abhn. Hchopfd3 sb ufbzgods hf odkhfd kh djhrtg y khognkg pgrg gngfbzgr hf ohr`gkd kh gutdoðvbfhs, hs ung gprdxbog` gprdxbog`bðn bðn pds gf ohr`gkd kh gutdoðvbfhs hn hf ounkd.sðfd Hn rhgfbkgk mgy ou`mds kbjhrhn kbjhrhnths ths kh gutdoðvbfhs y fds `dnsuobkdrhs nd fds vhn `dod bkân`ds.
[dkds fds abhnhs vhnkbkds hn hf ohr`gkd sh vhnkhn gf obsod prh`bd y tdkd hf ounkd hnh fg obsog bnjdrog`bðn sdarh fds prh`bds, fg `gfbkgk kh fds f ds abhnhs vhnkbkds, ht`. •
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Mgy ou`mds `doprgkdrhs y ou`mds vhnkhkdrhs hn hf ohr`gkd.
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Iddfsahh, 1578
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Nd mgy djhrtgs nb trgtd hsph`bgf hsph`bgf pgrg `doprgkdrhs `doprgkdrhs pgr`ufgrhs, nb khs`uhntds pdr `gnkgk. [dkd hf ounkd sgah fd quh pgig hf rhstd.
Nbnión `dnsuobkdr nb `doprgkdr hn pgr`ufgr hnh un bopg`td phr`hpafh sdarh ngkg kh fd quh d`urrh hn hf ohr`gkd, nb sdarh hf nbvhf khf prh`bd hn pgr`ufgr. [bhnkh g hstgr oçs cus`gkg pgrg fds `dnsuobkdrhs quh pgrg fds prdku`tdrhs. Hchopfd3 sb khcgshs kh `dohr pfçtgnds, tu kh`bsbðn nd thnkrç nbnión hjh`td sdarh hf ohr`gkd kh pfçtgnds hn su `dncuntd. Khskh hf fgkd khf prdku`tdr, prdku`tdr, sbn hoagrid, hoagrid, fg ogydr pgrth kh fg prdku``bðn kh pfçtgnds sh khah g ungs pd`gs irgnkhs hoprhsgs.
Khognkg Hf ohr`gkd kh Ublh Ufg`h hs und kh fds ohr`gkds póafb`ds oçs `dnd`bkds khf ounkd. Ph hxhnkh g fd fgrid kh vgrbgs ognzgngs khskh fg hsqubng ndrdhsth khf `hntrd kh Phgfh. Jun`bdng bnbnthrruopbkgohnth khskh 7259 y hn un kïg `ugfqubhrg gfahrig g `bhntds kh vhnkhkdrhs quh djrh`hn khskh phs`gkd mgstg drhs, gniöhkgkhs y grthsgnïg. [bhnh gprdxbogkgohnth 75 obffdnhs kh vbsbtgnths tdkds fds g÷ds.
Iddfsahh, 1578
Fds tdogths, pdr hchopfd, sdn un prdku`td pdpufgr pgrg fds `doprgkdrhs hn fds ohr`gkds fd`gfhs `dod âsth.
Jg`tdrhs Jg`t drhs quh bnuyhn hn fg Khognkg
Urh`bd
Hf nóohrd kh `dnsuobkdrhs
khf abhn •
Hchopfd3 Ud`ds `dnsuobkdrhs pgigrïgn $;5 pdr ung fbarg kh tdogth, sbn hoagrid, g $7 fg fbarg, mgarç oçs `fbhnths bnthrhsgkds.
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@ugntgs oçs phrsdngs mgyg hn hf ohr`gkd, sh `doprgrç ung ogydr `gnkgk kh abhn (ognthnbhnkd tdkd fd khoçs `dnstgnth).
Bnirhsd kh fds `dnsuobkdrhs •
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G ohkbkg quh un `dnsuobkdr sh mg`h oçs rb`d, `doprgrç oçs kh `gsb tdkds fds abhnhs. Fds tdogths, fg rdpg, cdyhrïg, `grnh, `grnh, phrthnh`h phrthnh`hn n prdagafhohnth g hstg `gthidrïg pgrg fg ogydrïg kh fg ihnth. Pbn hoagrid, gfiungs vh`hs, `ugnkd hf `dnsuobkdr sh mg`h oçs rb`d, `doprg ohnds kh un abhn bnjhrbdr.
Iddfsahh, 1578
Jg`tdrhs Jg`t drhs quh bnuyhn hn fg Khognkg Iustds kh fds `dnsuobkdrhs
Urh`bd kh fds dtrds abhnhs •
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Hn un ohr`gkd sh vhnkhn dtrds abhnhs `dod `hadffgs y pbobhntds, quh fds `dnsuobkdrhs puhkhn ufbzgr hn sus hnsgfgkgs d hn`bog kh sus mgoauriuhsgs. Fds abhnhs quh sh puhkhn usgr hn fuigr kh
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Xn `goabd hn fgs prhjhr prhjhrhn`bgs hn`bgs d iustds hn rhfg`bðn `dn fds tdogths (kgkds hf bnirhsd khf `dnsuobkdr y fds prh`bds kh fds tdogths), odkb`grç fg `gnkgk kh tdogths quh hf `dnsuobkdr khshg `doprgr.
dtrds sh ffgogn sustuvds. sustuvds. Udr dtrd fgkd, hn hf ohr`gkd tgoabân sh hn`uhntrgn abhnhs quh g fds `dnsuobkdrhs fhs iustgrïg ufbzgr `dn fds tdogths. Fds abhnhs quh mgabtugfohnth sh `doprgn y sh ufbzgn hn `doabng`bðn `dn dtrds abhnhs, sh ffgogn `dopfhohnt `dopfhohntgrbds. grbds.
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Hstds `goabds puhkhn hstgr odvgkds pdr3 fgs nd`bgs sdarh pdsbafhs ahnh`bds pgrg fg sgfuk khf `dnsuod kh tdogths, mgrç quh ou`mgs phrsdngs fds `dnsuogn oçs. Fgs nd`bgs sdarh un ardth kh sgfodnhfg hn`dntrgkd hn pfgntgs kh tdogth, mgrç quh fds `dnsuobkdrhs shgn oçs rhg`bds g su
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Iddfsahh, 1578
`dnsuod. Ugrg dtrds prdku`tds, fds `goabds hn fds iustds puhkhn khahrsh g `gopg÷gs puafb`btgrbgs hxbtdsgs, `goabds khodirç`ds khodirç`ds,, odkgs,….
Jg`tdrhs Jg`t drhs quh bnuyhn hn fg Khognkg
Hchopfd `gsds abhnhs sustutds @ugnkd hf prh`bd kh un sustutd `gh, fds `dnsuobkdrhs quhrrçn `doprgr oçs kh hsh abhn y ohnds khf bnb`bgf (gf quh sustuyh). @ugntd oçs agcd shg hf prh`bd kh fgs `hadffgs y fds pbobhntd hn rhfg`bðn `dn fds tdogths, ohnds tdogths `doprgrçn fds `dnsuobkdrhs. Pb fds tdogths kh fg hnkg kh `dohsafhs sh gagrgtgn, fds `doprgkdrhs khf ohr`gkd Ublh Ufg`h `doprgrçn ohnds tdogths.
Iddfsahh, 1578
Jg`tdrhs Jg`t drhs quh bnuyhn hn fg Khognkg
Hchopfd `gsds abhnhs `dopfhohntgrbds `dopfhohntgrbds @ugnkd hf prh`bd kh un abhn `dopfhohntgrbd `gh, fds `dnsuobkdrhs quhrrçn `doprgr oçs khf obsod y oçs khf abhn bnb`bgf (gf quh `dopfhohntgn). Mgy gfiunds gfbohntds quh fgs phrsdngs p hrsdngs kbsjrutgn `dobhnkd `dn tdogths (fh`muig, quhsd odzgrhfg, odzgrhfg, pdr hchopfd). Pb hf prh`bd kh fg fh`muig fh`muig `gh, fds `dnsuobkdrhs quhrrçn, `dod rhsuftgkd, oçs tdogths. [gntd fds prh`bds kh fds sustuvds `dod fds kh fds `dopfhohntgrbds gjh`tgn g `uçntd qubhrh `doprgr hf `dnsuobkdr kh un abhn, phrd hnhn kbsntds hjh`tds.
Iddfsahh, 1578
@urvgs kh Khognkg Qhprhshntg`bðn irç`g
@urvg kh Khognkg Qhprhshntg`bðn irç`g
Fg `urvg ouhstrg `ðod fg `gnkgk kh tdogths quh qubhrhn fds `dnsuobkdrhs, `dnsuobkdr hs, vgrïg `dn hf prh`bd kh fds tdogths. Hf prh`bd sh hn`uhntrg hn hf hch vhr`gf y fg `gnkgk khognkgkg hn hf hch mdrbzdntgf. Hn hf hchopfd, `ugnkd hf prh`bd kh fds tdogths hs kh $8 pdr fbarg, nd sh qubhrh nbnión tdogth. G un prh`bd kh $; pdr fbarg , fds `dnsuobkdrhs hstçn kbspuhstds g `doprgr 155 fbargs kh tdogths. G fds prh`bds kh $0, $1 y $7, fgs `gnkgkhs khognkgkgs kh tdogths sh hfhvgn g ;55, :55 y =55 fbargs rhsph`vgohnth. Fg `urvg hnh phnkbhnth kh`rh`bhnth d nhigvg, puhs ognthnbhnkd tdkd fd khoçs `dnstgnth, `ugntd `ugntd oçs agcd shg hf h f prh`bd kh un abhn, oçs quhrrçn gkqubrbr fds `dnsuobkdrhs.
Iddfsahh, 1578
@urvg kh Khognkg Qhprhshntg`bðn irç`g
Bopdrtgn`bg kh quh tdkds fds jg`tdrhs khthrobngnths kh fg khognkg sh ognthnign `dnstgnths hx`hptd hf prh`bd3 Xn n kh shogng `ugfqubhrg vgods g un ohr`gkd, `dod hf kh Ublh Ufg`h y dashrvgods tgntd hf prh`bd kh fds tdogths `dod fg `gnkgk tdtgf quh fds `dnsuobkdrhs `doprgn. Urdku`td kh fg dashrvg`bðn kh fds prh`bds kh fds tdogths kurgnth fgs kbjhrhnths vh`hs quh vgods gf ohr`gkd hn un phrïdkd khthrobngkd (7 g÷d pdr hchopfd), nds kgods `uhntg kh fgs vgrbg`bdnhs quh mg thnbkd hf prh`bd y pdr hnkh fgs `gnkgkhs khognkgkgs kh tdogth, tgntd gf gfzg `dod g fg agcg. @dn tdkds hstds `goabds sh `dnstruyh fg `urvg kh khognkg.
Iddfsahh, 1578
@urvg kh Khognkg Qhprhshntg`bðn ogthoç`g
Fg `urvg kh khognkg khf hchopfd prhshntgkd, sh puhkh rhprhshntgr ogthoç`gohnth pdr fg h`ug`bðn W ? 7.555 ‐ 155U W ? @gnkgk khognkgkg (hn fbargs) U ? prh`bd (hn kðfgrhs pdr fbarg) Hstg h`ug`bðn bopfb`g quh pdr `gkg kðfgr quh guohnth hf prh`bd , sh prdku`h ung kbsobnu`bðn kh fg `gnkgk khognkgkg kh 155 fbargs.
Iddfsahh, 1578
@urvg kh Khognkg Qhprhshntg`bðn ogthoç`g
Kgkg `br`unstgn`bg kh quh H`dndoïg sh rhprhshntg hf prh`bdfghnpgr`ufgr hf hch vh vhr`gf r`gf y fg `gnkgk hn hn hf hch mdrbz mdrbzdntgf, dntgf, kgkd quh quh hs oçs jç`bf trgagcgr `dn hffg hn khthrobngkds `dnthxtds, `dn jrh`uhn`bg sh hs`rbahn fgs h`ug`bdnhs kh khognkg, hxprhsgnkd hf prh`bd hn jun`bðn kh fg `gnkgk, fd quh kg fuigr gf hnjdquh kh @urvg bnvhrsg kh khognkg. Fg `urvg bnvhrsg kh khognkg, sbopfhohnth rhdrkhng fg `urvg kh khognkg pgrg khcgr hf prh`bd hn jun`bðn kh fg `gnkgk, hn fuigr kh mg`hrfd gf rhvâs. Ugrg mgffgr fg `urvg bnvhrsg bnvhrsg kh khognkg, sh khsphcg U. U. Hn hf hchopfd3 155U+W? W ? 7.555 7.555 ‐ 155U 155U ? 7555-W U ? 8-5,558W
Iddfsahh, 1578
@urvg kh Khognkg Qhprhshntg`bðn ogthoç`g
U ? 8-5,558W Hstg `urvg kh khognkg khcg ouy hn `fgrd quh nbnión `dnsuobkdr hstgrç kbspuhstd g `doprgr tdogths g un prh`bd suphrbdr g $8 fg fbarg, yg quh fg drkhngkg hn hf drbihn (hf puntd kdnkh fg `urvg `drtg hf hch vhr`gf) kh fg `urvg bnvhrsg kh khognkg (hs kh`br, hf prh`bd pgrg hf quh fg `gnkgk khognkgkg hs `hrd) hs $8, fd quh sh `dnd`h tgoabân `dod prh`bd kh hstrgniufgobhntd kh fg khognkg.
Iddfsahh, 1578
Iddfsahh, 1578
@urvg kh Khognkg Khspfgzgobhntds
@urvg kh Khognkg Khspfgzgobhntds
Hn hf hchopfd, fg `urvg kh khognkg K7 sh khspfgzg `dn un `goabd hn `ugfqubhr jg`tdr quh nd shg hf prh`bd y gjh`th g fg khognkg. Pb sh sdsph`mg quh fds tdogths sdn fg juhnth kh sgfodnhfg, fds `dnsuobkdrhs khognkgrçn ohnds tdogths pgrg `ugfqubhr nbvhf kh prh`bds y fg khognkg kh tdogths sh khspfgzgrç mg`bg khntrd, kh K7 mg`bg K1. Pb sh khs`uarh quh fds tdogths hnhn prdpbhkgkhs gn`gn`hrïihngs, su khognkg sh khspfgzgrç mg`bg juhrg kh K7 mg`bg K0. Mgstg fds odohntds sh hstçn khspfgzgnkd fgs `urvgs kh khognkg kh fg ognhrg oçs shn`bffg3 odvbânkdfgs sbn `goabd kh phnkbhnth, phrd hn fds ohr`gkds rhgfhs hstd nd hs nh`hsgrb nh`hsgrbgohnth gohnth `bhrtd. Fg nuhvg `urvg puhkh tgoabân `goabgr su phnkbhnth, sb fg khognkg sh mg`h oçs d ohnds shnsbafh gf prh`bd.
Iddfsahh, 1578
@urvg kh Khognkg @goabds
Fds `goabds hn fg `gnkgk khognkgkg quh d`urrhn pgrg tdkds fds prh`bds `ugnkd `ugfqubhr dtrd jg`tdr sh odkb`g bfustrgn ung kbsn`bðn hshn`bgf3 @ugnkd hf prh`bd kh un abhn `goabg y tdkd fd khoçs hs `dnstgnth, hsth `goabd ihnhrg un odvbobhntd g fd fgrid kh fg `urvg (`goabds hn fg `gnkgk khognkgkg). Fds `goabds hn `ugfqubhr dtrd kh fds jg`tdrhs quh bnuyhn sdarh fg khognkg, ihnhrgn khspfgzgobhntds kh fg `urvg kh khognkg (`goabds hn fg khognkg).
Iddfsahh, 1578
[rgt rgtgobhntd gobhntd khf prh`bd ´Udr quâ fds prh`bds rh`bahn un trgtgobhntd kbsntd `dn rhfg`bðn g dtrds khthrobngnths kh fg khognkg4 7.- Hf prh`bd hs mgabtugfohnth und kh fds jg`tdrhs oçs bopdrtgnths quh bnuyhn hn fg khognkg. 1.Udr fd ihnhrgf, fds prh`bds puhkhn `goabgr `dnrhspdnkhn jrh`uhn`bgfdsy jç`bfohnth, pdr fd tgntd, `ugnkdsh`dnthopfgods `ðod ohr`gkds g fds `goabds (smd`ls), fgs u`tug`bdnhs kh prh`bds suhfhn shr ung rhspuhstg `doón. 0.- Kh tdkds fds jg`tdrhs quh bnuyhn hn fg khognkg, hf prh`bd hs hf ónb`d quh hchr`h tgoabân ung bnuhn`bg kbrh`tg hn hf dtrd fgkd khf ohr`gkd3 sdarh fg `gnkgk khf abhn quh fds prdku`tdrhs hstçn kbspuhstds g djrh`hr. Hf prh`bd, pdr tgntd, sbrvh `dod hf hfhohntd `rï`d quh vbn`ufg fg djhrtg y fg khognkg.
Iddfsahh, 1578
@gsds
@goabds hn fds iustds y fg khognkg kh `bigrrbffds
Iddfsahh, 1578
Djhrtg Jg`tdrhs quh bnuyhn •
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Pb fds irgnchrds hsphrgn vhnkhr sus tdogths g $;5/fbarg, hf ohr`gkd hstgrïg g rhadsgr kh tdogths. Fds irgnchrds pfgntgrïgn oçs tdogths y hfhibrïgn vhnkhrfds hn hf ohr`gkd hn fuigr kh dtrds puntds kh vhntg. Pb hsphrgn quh hf prh`bd shg kh sdfd $7 pdr fbarg, mgarç ung `gnkgk ou`md ohndr g fg vhntg.
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@dstds kh Urh`bd
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Fg djhrtg guohntgrç s b oçs Nóohrd kh irgnchrds ffhvgn tdogths gf vhnkhkdrhs ohr`gkd.
prdku``bðn kh fds prdku`tdrhs
Fg dp`bðn kh nd pgr`bpg`bðn pgrg fds vhnkhkdrhs
Fds `dstds kh prdku``bðn kh fds prdku`tdrhs `goabgrçn `ugnkd `goabhn fds prh`bds kh fds jg`tdrhs (bnputs) pgrg prdku`br tdogths y ffhvgrfds gf ohr`gkd, hntrh hffds3 hrrg, shobffgs, jhrfbzgnth, hqubpd kh `dsh`mg, gfqubfhr kh puhstds hn ohr`gkds y igsdfbng pgrg trgsfgkgr fds tdogths gf ohr`gkd…. Pb fds prh`bds kh hstds jg`tdrhs `goabgn, `goabgrçn `goabgr çn fds `dstds kh prdku``bðn, fd quh bnuyh hn fg `gnkgk kh tdogths djhrtgkg hn hf ohr`gkd. Fds `goabds hn fg th`ndfdiïg, hnthnkb hnthnkbkg kg `dod fds prd`hsds pgrg jgarb`gr, kbstrbaubr y pdnhr g fg vhntg abhnhs `dod fds tdogths, `goabgrçn fds `dstds kh prdku``bðn.
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Fds vhnkhkdrhs quh sh d`upgn kh vhnkhr tdogths hn hf ohr`gkd, nd hstçn vhnkbhnkd dtrd prdku`td nb tdogths hn hfnbnión dtrd fuigr. Xn `goabd hn fgs phrsph`vgs kh fds irgnchrds kh mg`hr nhid`bds hn ohr`gkds kh dtrds abhnhs d hn dtrds ohr`gkds kdnkh sh vhnkgn tdogths, puhkh gjh`tgr g su kbspdsb`bðn g djhrtgr tdogths hn hf ohr`gkd. Hstgs phrsph`vgs khphnkhn kh jg`tdrhs `dod fds prh`bds kh dtrds abhnhs quh fds irgnchrds puhkgn `ufvgr y vhnkhr d hf prh`bd kh fds tdogths hn dtrds ohr`gkds kbsntds khf quh hstçn vhnkbhnkd.
Iddfsahh, 1578
@urvg kh Djhrtg Qhprhshntg`bðn irç`g
Iddfsahh, 1578
@urvg kh Djhrtg Qhprhshntg`bðn irç`g
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Fg iurg khs`rbah ung `urvg kh dj djhrtg hrtg kh tdog tdogths ths hn un ohr` ohr`gkd. gkd. Hf hch vhr`gf rhhcg hf prh`bd khf abhn y hf hch mdrbzdntgf fg `gnkgk djhrtgkg. Fg `urvg bnkb`g quh, pdr hchopfd, sb hf prh`bd kh fds tdogths hs $1 fg fbarg, sh djrh`hrçn 155 fbargs g fg vhntg. Pb hf prh`bd hs kh $8 fg fbarg, fg `gnkgk djhrtgkg shrç kh =55 fbargs. Fg `urvg kh djhrtg d jhrtg kh fg iurg hs `rh`bhnth d pdsbvg. Ognthnbhnkd tdkd fd khoçs `dnstgnth, fds prdku`tdrhs hstçn kbspuhstds g djrh`hr oçs kh un abhn g ohkbkg quh hf prh`bd suah. Fg ogydrïg kh fgs `urvgs `urvgs kh djhrt djhrtg g sdn pdsbvgs pdrquh fgs hoprhsgs qubhrhn djrh`hr ung ogydr `gnkgk hn hf ohr`gkd `ugnkd fds prh`bds sdn gftds.
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Hchopfd3 ou`mgs hoprhsgs hnhn `dstds kh prdku``bðn `rh`bhnths `ugnkd su prdku``bðn guohntg, pdr fd quh nh`hsbtgn rh`babr un prh`bd oçs hfhvgkd hn hf ohr`gkd pgrg fgnzgrsh g prdku`br oçs `gnkgk.
Iddfsahh, 1578
@urvg kh Djhrtg Qhprhshntg`bðn ogthoç`g
W ? 155U ‐ 155 Kdnkh W hs fg `gnkgk djhrtgkg djhrtgkg (hn fbargs kh tdogths) y U hs hf prh`bd hn kðfgrhs pdr fbarg. Hffd bnkb`g quh, ognthnbhnkd tdkd fd khoçs `dnstgnth, pdr `gkg guohntd kh $7 hn hf prh`bd, fg `gnkgk djhrtgkg kh tdogths guohntg hn 155 fbargs. @urvgs bnvhrsgs kh djhrtg3 Ph hxprhsgn hn târobnds khf Urh`bd3 Urh`bd3
W? 155U-155 155U?W+155 U?5,558W + 7 Hstg `urvg sh÷gfg quh nbniung hoprhsg hstgrç kbspuhstg g djrh`hr tdogths gf prh`bd kh $7 pdr fbarg (d ohnds), puhstd quh fg dr drkhngkg khngkg hn hf drbihn kh fg djhrtg hs kh $7 pdr fbarg (hf prh`bd gf `ugf fg fg `gnkgk djrh`bkg W hs biugf g `hrd). Fd quh sh `dnd`h `dod prh`bd kh hstrgniufgobhntd kh fg djhrtg.
Iddfsahh, 1578
@urvg kh Djhrtg Khspfgzgobhntds
Iddfsahh, 1578
@urvg kh Djhrtg Khspfgzgobhntds
Fg `urvg kh djhrtg P7 sh khspfgzg `ugnkd `ugfqubhr jg`tdr kbsntd khf prh`bd phrd quh gjh`th g fg djhrtg, sh odkb`g. Hchopfd3 sb sh khsgrrdffg un oâtdkd quh phrobth `dsh`mgr oçs rçpbkd, fg `urvg kh djhrtg sh khspfgzgrç kh P7 g P1. Dtrd hchopfd3 sb mgy ung shquïg, d`urrbrç fd `dntrgrbd, fg `urvg kh djhrtg sh khspfgzgrç kh P7 g P0.
Iddfsahh, 1578
@urvg kh Djhrtg [rgtgobhntd khf prh`bd
Fgs `urvgs kh djhrtg rhhcgn hf hjh`td kh fds prh`bds sdarh fg djhrtg, kh fg obsog jdrog quh hn fgs `urvgs kh khognkg. Hf pgphf khf prh`bd tgntd hn hf fgkd kh fg djhrtg, `dod kh fg khognkg, bopfb`g quh âstds sh puhkhn gcustgr fbarhohnth pgrg quh fg `gnkgk khognkgkg pdr fds `dnsuobkdrhs sh biugfh `dn fg `gnkgk djhrtgkg pdr fds prdku`tdrhs. @ugnkd hstd d`urrh, thnhods un ohr`gkd hn hf `ugf tdkd hf quh qubhrh `doprgr gf prh`bd g`tugf fd puhkh mg`hr y tdkd hf quh qubhrh vhnkhr g hsth prh`bd tgoabân.
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