Clase 03 ELSE

 

Kqujpenjkhtg Dîhkesak y Suikstecjghks Kdêctrjces Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B. avedajvjeOtkcsup.kau.pk

 

  qujpenjkhtg akdêctrjces Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

GYYKS AK ED E

dêctrjces

KHSJGH

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

Cepecjaea tkrnjhed 

•   Cghgckr y akscrjijr dgs cgnpghkhtks cgnpghkhtks y tjpgs ak tgrrks

ak edte tkhsjóh.

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

[he  tgrrk kdêctrjce g  epgyg kdêctrjcg (e vkcks akhgnjheae   tgrrkte) ks uhe kstructure ak breh edture, hgrnednkhtk cghstrujae kh ckdgsîe ak eckrg, cuye `uhcjóh prjhcjped ks skrvjr ak sgpgrtk ak dgs cghauctgrks kdêctrjcgs eêrkgs ak des dîhkes ak trehsnjsjóh ak khkrbîe kdêctrjce. Sk utjdjzeh tehtg kh de ajs jsttrji jiu ucjó jóh h kdêctrjce ak edte y nkaje tkhsjóh cgng kh sjstknes ak AC. _ s khuk`aukhhcjtókhhkarkbd reuhsgveyrjkaaked avagkdte`g fkrnaeks dye tekn hkerõbgîe trehspgrteae. Dgs rehbgs hgrnedks ak edture gscjdeh aksak dgs 5; n leste dgs ;; n, euhquk e vkcks sk pukakh ddkber e sgirkpeser dgs 3?? n. Eaknås akd eckrg pukakh usersk gtrgs netkrjedks cgng sgh kd lgrnjbóh y de neakre.

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

_ertks ak uhe tgrrk6

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

QJ_GS AK QGYYKS6 

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

-   Qgrrks ak suspkhsjóh6  [sea [s eaes es pere tr treh ehsp spg grt rte er ed  cghauctgr kh treykctgrjes  rkctes, sjh sgpgrter ks`ukrzgs  sj sjbh bhj` j`jce jcetj tjvg vgs, s, cg cghs hsja jakr kreh ehag  ag  quk hg sk khcukhtrkh crucks  ak dîhke u giståcudgs  -   Q kes ehc`duekfk ngurcrlkgs an rt6 ks  Sgh  y  sgpgrteh brehaks treccjghks, utjdjzeaes bkhkrednkhtk  cuehag ley cenijgs ak  ajrkccjóh, cruck ak vîes, prkskhcje ak giståcudgs, ktc.

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

QJ_GS AK QGYYKS (;??mP)6 

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

QJ_GS AK QGYYKS (;??mP)6 

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

QJ_GS AK QGYYKS (;??mP)6 

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

QJ_GS AK QGYYKS (;??mP)6 

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

QJ_GS AK QGYYKS (;??mP)6 

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

QJ_GS AK QGYYKS (;??mP)6 

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

QJ_GS AK QGYYKS (;??mP)6 

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

QJ_GS AK QGYYKS (;??mP)6 

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

QJ_GS AK QGYYKS (;??mP)6 

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

Cghstruccjóh6 

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

Qrehspgrtk e _jquktk Sk akik ak tkhkr tgag kd cujaeag kh des nehjgires ak cerbe y akscerbe, kvjtehag aeõgs pgr bgdpks. Epgyer des kstructures sgirk tecgs ak neakre, tehtg sgirk dgs vklîcudgs ak trehspgrtk, cgng kh kd sukdg. Cgdgcer skpereagrks ak neakre pere kvjter cghtectg khtrk des pjkzes.

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

Cghstruccjóh6 

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

_rk-Erneag Ks de `esk prkdjnjher ak nghtefk ak kstructures kstå cgnpukste ak ags ktepes6 9.5 Skperecjóh ak des pjkzes cgh`grnk su pgsjcjóh kh des ajvkrses pertks quk cgnpghkh de kstructure.

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

Cghstruccjóh6 

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

Nghtefk ak Kstructures Ks de uhjóh ak des d es pjkzes nktådjces, åhbudgs, e trevês ak pkrhgs, sjbujkhag dgs pdehgs akd prgykctg kh cuehtg e tjpgs, uijcecjghks y cehtjaeaks.

Cghajcjghks akd Årke ak Nghtefk. ²² Qkhkr Kd årkeårke Akik kster djnpje akspkfenehjgires akspkfeae, ae, su`jcjkhtk pereyrkedjzer ² _rk`krkhtknkh _rk`krkhtknkhtk tk akik kster hjvkdeae. ² Cghter cgh trghcgs g neakres y uhe kscgijdde pere de djnpjkze ehtks akd nghtefk.

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

Cghstruccjóh6 

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

Nghtefk

Kd nghtefk sk jhjcje pgr des petes y pgr kd prjnkr cuearg lgrjzghted cghfuhtg ddeneag iesk. Sk rkedjze pjkze pgr pjkze jhjcjehag pgr dgs nghtehtks ak uh njsng hjvkd tkrnjhehag cgh tkfjag khtrk kddgs, pere akspuês peser ed sjbujkhtk hjvkd. Qenijêh Qenijêh sk nghte n ghte pgr skccjghks prk erneaes kh kd sukdg, jzeaes y cgdgceaes kh duber `jfg. Aurehtk kd nghtefk dgs pkrhgs ak uhjóh sk nehtjkhkh `dgfgs dg su`jcjkhtk pere nehtkhkr de kstructure erneae sjknprk cgh sus ceikzes vgdtkeaes pere `ukre des ceres ak dgs pkr`jdks. Dukbg tkrnjher kd nghtefk sk prgckak ed ak efustk `jhed, utjdjzehag de ddevk tgrqujaknêtrjce. Kh kd cesg ak cghfuhtgs g pertks ak de kstructure quk sgh prk nghteags kh kd pjsg

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

Cghstruccjóh6 

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

Nghtefk

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

Cghstruccjóh6 

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

Nghtefk

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

Cghstruccjóh6 

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

Nghtefk

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

Cghstruccjóh6 

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

Nghtefk

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

QGYY QGY Y SA

Cghstruccjóh6 

dêctrjces

EDQ ED QE Q HSJG HSJGH H

Nghtefk

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.

 

  qujpenjkhtg ak Dîhkes y Suikstecjghks

dêctrjces

_rgykctg `jhed6 Cghstruccjóh ak nêhsude 5. _deh _dehgs gs ak Qgrrk (skne (sknehe he ;) 9. _de _deh h ak tre treief iefg g (sk (skneh nehee :) 3. Jnp Jnpdkn dknkht khtecj ecjóh óh (sk (skneh nehee 50)

Jhb. Eubustg Pedajvje B.