Clark International Airport Terminal 2

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY | INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

Rey Leonard M. Amorato

PROPOSED CLARK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2 Clark Freeport Zone, Angeles City, Pampanga

BACKGROUND The Philippines has always been a thriving tourist destination but what it currently lacks is a top-tier, international standard gateway or airport. The current gateway to the Philippines, Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) has long been outgrown and it is voted as the worst airport as of 2011 in terms of its services and facilities – This is why the Philippine government is studying the possibility of converting Clark International Airport to the premier international icon, after NAIA.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION A state-of-the-art international airport terminal that can accommodate up to 7 million passengers annually, with various airline operators among which are; Air Asia, Cebu Pacific and Tiger Airways. Supporting several aircraft models from Boeing and Airbus and one of the few terminals that can support A380.

PROJECT PROPONENT Joint venture of Clark International Airport Cooperation (CIAC) with Korean International Cooperation Agency. (KOICA)

THE NEED The Aquino administration is currently examining the feasibility of transforming Clark International Airport as the premier gateway to the Philippines, where the terminal currently has the rated capacity of 2.5 million passengers annually – which is insufficient if Clark International Airport were to accommodate the growing number of passengers and if it becomes the premier airport to the Philippines. In line with the increasing number of visitors to the Philippines and with the anticipation of Clark International Airport being the premier gateway to the Philippines, the need to create an additional world-class, state of the art airport terminal is necessary to boost the country's economic status.

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

PROPOSED CLARK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2

PROJECT OBJECTIVES • Development of an iconic international airport nurturing the

Rey Leonard M. Amorato

BUDGET PHP 6.75 billion (grant from KOICA, through BOT system.)

culture of the Filipinos as hospitable people. • Ensure that the new terminal would be as efficient as

TARGET USERS

possible in generating revenue. Primary • Development of a new identity and signature. • Construction and Development of: ◦Construction of an airport plaza. ◦Construction of a transport plaza. ◦Construction of a covered parking area. ◦Construction of new taxiways and aprons. ◦Development of a new identity and signature and site and utilities development. ◦Construction of a new runway. ◦Construction of a shopping center.

Tourists – These are foreign travelers with various intentions of entering/leaving the country that range from business trips to leisure. Local – These are departing local citizens and arriving OFW's. Secondary Transit passengers – these are passengers that are on a connecting flight; an international transfer passengers on a domestic connection flight or vice-versa. Pilots/Stewardess – these are international pilots/stewardess on a connecting flight or local pilots/stewardess on their way to a flight.

◦Construction of new taxiways and aprons.

Tertiary

◦Construction of a new cargo terminal complex.

Terminal employees – these are the personnel that provide customer services; from security staff to administrators.

◦Construction of a new control tower.

Table 1: Target user(s) 2

PROPOSED CLARK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

Rey Leonard M. Amorato

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Major Problem How will the airport terminal be designed to become iconic?

Goal Provide an unconventional design solution that would cater to both the international crowd and the locals by fusing hypermodernism with unique Filipino architecture.

Table 2: Major problem(s)

Minor Problem What would be an efficient planning to ensure swift access and mobility of passengers and operations? What are the latest architectural trends/technologies that could be integrated to introduce Green Architecture to the project?

Architectural Objectives Plan the terminal without worrying too much about spacial constraints, better placement of related spaces to ensure efficient flow and attain the balance within cost and design. Utilize solar energy via photo-voltaic panels for outdoor pathway covers. Use of electric powered ground based units.

What aspect of surveillance architecture should be considered to Provide less manual security check points, which is the main cause ensure the security and safety of the users? of passenger inconvenience with most airports, but installing more advanced solutions like surveillance equipment and x-ray systems. Table 3: Minor problem(s)

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PROPOSED CLARK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

Rey Leonard M. Amorato

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY To Architecture • The design would be beneficial to future students of architecture and the architectural community as an example/standard to airport design boasting efficient planning and development not limited by traditional planning methods that are too compartmentalized and budget constrained. • Introduce new and innovative design solutions like interactive ad spaces that would serve as an example and standard for future developments of an airport terminal. To Community • With a bigger and more advanced airport terminal, more passengers can be catered to annually, and increasing the likelihood of them returning to the Philippines, thus elevating the economic status of not only the local area but the whole country itself. • Angeles city, Pampamga will be a significant dot on the map; once Clark International Airport becomes the new gateway to the Philippines more job opportunities will be available for the community.

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CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

PROPOSED CLARK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2

Rey Leonard M. Amorato

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Interactive Advertisements

Solar Shade

Xerox Fills Nation’s Airports With Life-Sized Interactive Commercials - Suzanne LaBarre -

Solar Shade by Australian designers Buro North Rose Etherington - http://www.dezeen.com

http://www.fastcodesign.com

GIST:

GIST:

An ingenious marketing move by Xerox; these are interactive ads are

A canopy that have solar cells on top means that these structures are

place across many airports in the US in order to promote products that

dual purpose, (provide shade & energy) with dynamic visual feedback

the end users get to experience first-hand.

system to indicate the quantity of energy collected.

CRITIQUE:

CRITIQUE:

I see this innovation as a great tool for airports; imagine going up to

This shows that going green does not always mean being boring. I can

one of these screens, to check up on your flight schedule, find the

envision installing these in-place of traditional outdoor walkway covers

latest duty-free deals in real-time and interactive – No more static

– the energy generated by the solar shades is one step towards being

directory boards.

sustainable. 5

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

PROPOSED CLARK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2

Rey Leonard M. Amorato

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Winipeg Richardson International Airport

First Certified “Green” Project in the Philippines

Leisure + Travel Magazine - July 2012 - Coolest New Airport Terminals

"First Certified “Green” Project in the Philippines - Furuto , Alison - ArchDaily

GIST:

GIST:

Fifty-five distinctive round skylights in its arrivals bag-claim area allow

The very first certified “green” architecture here in the Philippines, that

natural light to pour into the terminal by day and glow in electric blue

balances nature and architecture by implementing various methods of

ring shapes by night.

achieving sustainability.

CRITIQUE:

CRITIQUE:

An example of how green solutions can still be aesthetically pleasing,

Though this is not related to an airport, the methodology used in

by using skylights that illuminate the area by day and put on

achieving a sustainable design is very helpful in providing guidelines as

astonishing displays at night.

to what materials to use, and how these materials would create a “green” structure. 6

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

PROPOSED CLARK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Rey Leonard M. Amorato

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS Scope & Limitations

Implementing Green Ideas

Planning and development.

Data Gathering

• Planning of the terminal. • Planning of an airport plaza. • Planning of a transport plaza. • Planning of a shopping center within the terminal.

User Analysis

Major Problem

Goals And Objectives

• Planning of a new cargo terminal complex. • Planning of a new control tower. • Minor Site and utilities development. • Provision of a covered parking area.

Minor Problem

• Site development is limited to the Aviation Area. (Internal CIAC zoning.) Research • Explore applications of solar energy through photo-voltaic panels. • Explore materials that would help lessen the carbon

End Goal

footprint like double-glazed glass panels. • Methods to sustainability within the reach of current technology.

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CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

PROPOSED CLARK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2

Rey Leonard M. Amorato

RESEARCH DESIGN Data gathered Agency visitation: Took flight statistics from 2003-2011

Data analysis Concluded that passenger traffic has been increasing since its opening in 2003, from 7,880 to 725,023 in 2011.

Agency visitation: Took as-built plans of current terminal.

Study current plans, identify weaknesses if Base the size of the spaces within the new any and compare current size in relation to terminal from the current terminal; the capacity of the terminal to the expected anticipating the increase in passenger user capacity of the new terminal. capacity.

Agency visitation: Conducted interviews on project objectives.

Gain insights on the objectives and Base the space requirements and other understand their importance to the project. planning related topics on the said project objectives.

Research: Library and Internet; researched Understand and analyze the feasibility of topics on latest trends/solutions for the the said technologies/methods for the design and new/innovative ways to achieve project. sustainability. Research: Time Saver's Building Types, RA9266 and BP344; researched the law and ordinances with regards to the building type and the rules that directly affect the project.

Data Interpretation Anticipate greater amount of increase in the following years and plan new terminal that will be able to accommodate such numbers.

Focus on how to incorporate those technologies/methods to the planning to achieve a highly efficient structure.

Understand the restrictions and guidelines Base planning on these documents so that that these documents provided as they conform with the standards and local standards in order for maximum efficiency law and ordinances. of the structure.

Table 4: Research design

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