CJR Geologi

 

HZ@\@HGE DORZKGE ZBS@BV

FBOEOF@ LGXGZ LOXBK ^BKFGA^R4 GK@I DRE@ LV@ GX\R\@,X.X`,.A.Xh.

L@XRXRK OEBM4 DOXGZ@ X@AGKDRK\GI K@A4 8768887>:<

RK@SBZX@\GX KBFBZ@ ABLGK CGIRE\GX @EAR XOX@GE ^BKL@L@IGK FBOFZGC@ :>76

 

IG\G ^BKFGK\GZ

^ud` lgk syuiur pbkue`s pgkdgtigk \umgk Pgkf Agmg Bsg, igrbkg gtgs e`apgmgk rgmagt lgk igruk`g-Kyg, sbm`kffg pbkue`s lgpgt abkybebsg`igk tufgs Hr`t`hge Dourkge D ourkge Zbv`bw ygkf abkfigd` lug jugm durkge ygkf l`agkg durkge utgag jbrdulue ioksbktrgs` ieoroc`e lguk sbjgfg` `kl`hgtor ibiurgkfgk g`r pglg pglg tgkgagk lgk durkge pbajgkl`kf pbajgkl`kf yg`tu igklukfgk ieoroc`e lgk pbrtuajumgk ighgkf pgkdgkf (v`fkg s`kbks`s) pglg t`kfigt  pbkybl`ggk g`r ygkf jbrjblg pglg agtg iue`gm iue`gm ^s`ioeof` pbkl`l`igk. Hr`t`hge durkge `k` l`gduigk uktui ababkum` sgegm sgtu tufgs tbrstruitur pglg agtg iue`gm @pg Lgsgr ygkf l`gapu oebm `ju Gk`i due` lw` gstutb,X.X`.,A,Xh., ^bkue`s abkfuhgpigk tbr`ag igs`m ibpglg sbaug s baug p`mgi ygkf tbegm abajgktu sb sbm`kffg m`kffg hr`t`hge dourkge `k` lgpgt l`sbebsg`igk. l`sbebsg` igk. ^bkue`s abkyglgr` hr`t`hge dourkge `k` ags`m ddgum gum lgr` ibsbapurkggk. Oebm igrbkg `tu, pbkue`s abkfmgrgpigk ir`t`i lgk sgrgk ygkf abajgkfuk lgr` pbajghg lba` abkybapurkgigk hr`t`hge dourkge l` agsg ygkf gigk lgtgkf. Gim`r igtg, pbkue`s uhgpigk tbr`ag igs`m, sbaofg tufgs `k` lgpgt jbragkcggt lgk j`sg abkgajgm wgwgsgk jgf` pbajghg.

 

JGJ 7 Z@KFIGXGK GZ\@IBE 7.@lbkt`tgs dourkge

Dulue

4^otbks` suajbr lgyg fboeof` l` lgbrgm hbiukfgk Jgklukf lgk sbi`tgrkyg

Dbk`s doubkge 4durkge fboeof` @klokbs`g Soeuab

47

\gkffge

40-7= agrbt :>>3

^bkue`s

4Xut`iko Jrokto & Rl` Mgrtokf

Zbv`bwbr

4Dosgr` s`agkduktgi

:.\udugk ^bkbe`t`gk

^bkbe`t`gk `k` jbrtudugk uktui abkfbtgmu` suajbr lgyg lgyg fboeof` l` lgbrgm hbiukfgk jgklukf lgk sbi`tgrkyg. Rktui abkfbtgmu` suajbr jgru a`kbrge`sgs` l`lgbrgm hupukgfgrg, ibhgagtgk h`egisgi, igjupgtbk sujgkf-dgwg jgru.

8.r`kfigsgk dourkge C`s`ofrgc`

Xbhgrg c`s`i, jbktgkf gega w`egygm Jgklukf lgk sbi`tgrkyg ygkf tbragsui ib lgega Hbiukfgk Jgklukf, abrupgigk hbiukfgk jbrjbktui eokdokf (be`ps) abagkdgkf jbrgrgm t`aur tbkffgrg  ‘  jgrgt  jgrgt jgrgt egut. Hbiukfgk Jgklukf `k` l`aueg` lgr` lgbrgm Kgfrbf l` sbjbegm t`aur sgapg` ib ^glgegrgkf l` sbjbegm jg-rgtebjgr lbkfgk dgrgimor`zoktge ebj`m iurgkf 3> ia. Xbabktgrg `tu, dgrgi utgrg  ‘  sbegtgk  sbegtgk abapukyg` sbi`tgr ia. Hbiukfgk Jgklukf `k` mgap`r l`ibe`e`kf` oebm dgdgrgk ibruhut fukukf gp` jbruaur Iugrtbr, l` gktgrgkyg l` sbjbegm utgrg tbrl`r` gtgs ioapebis Fukukf Jurgkfrgkf Jurgkfrgkf  ‘  Xuklg  Xuklg  ‘  \gkfiujgkpgrgmu,  \gkfiujgkpgrgmu, Fukukf Jui`ttukffue, t`kff`gk jgtugk fukukf gp` Hupukgfgrg, Fukukf Agkfegygkf, Agkfeg ygkf, lgk Fukukf \gapoags. Xtrgt`frgc`

Xbhgrg fboeof`, sgtu-sgtukyg jgtugk sbl`abk s bl`abk kok fukukfgp` ygkf tbrs`kfigp l` sbjbegm jgrgt Hbiukfgk Jgklukf glgegm Corags` Zgdgagklgeg (Xuldgta`io,706:),

 

Xuajbr lgyg fboeof`

^bkfbrt`gk suajbr lgyg fboeof` l` s`k` glgegm sbaug cbkoabkg fboeof` ygkf lgpgt l`agkcggtigk sbjgfg` suajbr lgyg jgf` jg f` ibm`lupgk agkus`g. Xuajbr lgyg fboeof` `k` t`lgi mgkyg l`pbruktuiigk jgf` ibm`lupgk agkus`g pglg agsg egeu lgk agsg i`k`, tbtgp` ygkf ebj`m  pbkt`kf glgegm uktui ibegkfsukfgk ibegkfsukfgk m`lup agkus`g l` agsg abkl abklgtgkf. gtgkf. Lbkfgk igtg eg`k suajbr lgyg fboeof` glgegm suajbr lgyg ygkf agapu abkluiukf ibm`lupgk agkus`g sbhgrg jbribegkdutgk. Xbhgrg uaua, suajbr lgyg fboeof` l`jgf` abkdgl` t`fg ibeoapoi, ygik` suajbr lgyg bkbrf`, suajbr lgyg e`kfiukfgk, lgk suajbr lgyg a`kbrge. Xuajbr Lgyg Bkbrf` Xuajbr lgyg bkbrf` ygkf jbrsuajbr lgr` cbkoabkg fboeof` glgegm g`r,  pgkgs jua`, lgk jgmgk gsge cos`e. L` igwgsgk Jgklukf, Jgklukf, bkbrf` g`r ygkf sulgm l`agk l`agkcggtigk cggtigk sbjgfg` pusgt e`str`i tbkgfg g`r glgegm gl gegm sbeurum ge`rgk g`r lgr` lgbr lgbrgm gm ge`rgk Xukfg` H`tgrua, ygkf l`tgapukf l` lgega Vglui Xgfue`kf, sbm`kffg pusgt e`str`i e`str` i tbkgfg g`r `tu l`sbjut ^E\G Xgfue`kf Lbkfgk jgkygikyg fukukf gp` l` w`egygm Jgklukf, agig sbhgrg iuge`tgt`c iuge`t gt`c suajbr lgyg bkbrf` pgkgs jua` lgpgt l`igtgigk sgkfgt abe`apgm. ^usgt e`str`i tbkgfg t bkgfg pgkgs jua` ygkf sulgm aueg` l`ibajgkfigk gktgrg eg`k l` egpgkfgk pgkgs jua` Lgrgdgt, Ig Igaodgkf, aodgkf, lgk Vgygkf-V`klu l` igwgsgk Jgklukf Xbegtgk. Jbrlgsgrigk `kcorags` lgr` Fbotbrage ^brtga`kg, ags`kf-ags`kf egpgkfgk pgkgs jua` tbrsbjut sulgm abkfmgs`eigk bkbrf` sbjbsgr 72> abfgwgt, 7 abfgwgt, lgk 77> abfgwgt, lbkfgk agsg opbrgs` pge`kf t`lgi sbegag 8> tgmuk. Xuajbr Lgyg E`kfiukfgk Xuajbr lgyg e`kfiukfgk l` s`k` gktgrg eg`k g`r, tgkgm, egmgk, lgk  pgkorgag gtgu ib`klgmgk gega. Xbeg`k l`pbrfukgigk uktui suajbr lgyg bkbrf`, g`r dufg sgkfgt v`tge jgf` ibm`lupgk agkus`g sbmgr`-mgr`, `klustr`, lgk pbrtgk`gk, jg`i ygkf abkygkfiut g`r l` pbrauiggk agupuk g`r tgkgm gtgu g`r jgwgm pbrauiggk. Jgkygikyg agtg g`r lgk dbrga l` ebrbkf pbfukukfgk l` sbibe`e`kf Hbiukfgk Jgklukf, sbrtg jgkygikyg ge`rgk sukfg` sbpgkdgkf tgmuk l` Hbiukfgk Jgklukf `tu sbkl`r` abkukduiigk jbtgpg t`kff` t `kff` potbks` suajbr lgyg g`r l` igwgsgk `k`. ^brsogegk ygkf t`ajue j`gsgkyg tbrebtgi pglg p glg pbkgtggk rugkf ygkf iurgkf tbpgt, pbkfgaj`egk g`r tgkgm ygkf abebj`m` jgtgs opt`aua, sbrtg tbrdgl`kyg  pbkhbagrgk g`r pbrauiggk gi`jgt uegm agkus`g `tu sbkl`r`. Xbeurum tgkgm tgkgm sbjgfg` mgs`e  pbegpuigk jgtugk fukukf fukukf gp` l` lgbrgm trop`s ygkf jgky jgkygi gi turuk mudgk, sbpbrt` l` w`egygm Jgklukf `k`, lgpgt l`igtgigk sbegeu sujur. \gkgagk pbrtgk`gk, pbribjukgk, lgk mutgk sbegeu tuajum lbkfgk sujur Xuajbr Lgyg A`kbrge

Xuajbr lgyg a`kbrge l`jgf` abkdgl` lug foeokfgk, yg`tu suajbr lgyg a`kbrge eofga lgk kok eofga. Xuajbr lgyg a`kbrge kok eofga sbr`kf l`sbjut sbjgfg` jgmgk fge`gk foeokfgk H gtgu jgmgk fge`gk `klustr`. Ibeoapoi suajbr lgyg a`kbrge `k` gktgrg eg`k pgs`r,  jgtu ige`, jgtu fukukf, fukukf, trgs, igoe`k, jbebrgkf, s`kgjgr lgk eg`k-eg`k ygkf ibsbaugkyg ibsbaugkyg `tu sgkfgt brgt mujukfgkkyg lbkfgk ibf`gtgk fukukf gp` pglg agsg egeu.

 

Xuajbr lgyg a`kbrge eofga, imususkyg bags, sulgm aueg` l`bispeorgs` oebm jbjbrgpg Iugsg ^brtgajgkfgk l` Igwgsgk Jgklukf Xbegtgk, gktgrg eg`k oebm ^\ Gkbig \gajgkf \ji lgk ^\ ^gkhgrgisg Gjgl`. Lgbrgm a`kbrge`sgs` `k` gktgrg eg`k tbrlgpgt l` Xorbgkf, H`w`lby lgk Fukukf Iulg, sbjbegm jgrgt ^gkfgebkfgk. Gfgi ebj`m ib jgrgt egut, jbjbrgpg Iugsg ^brtgajgkfgk dufg abegiuigk ibf`gtgk l` lgbrgm ^urwgigrtg lgk Vglui Dgt`eumur. Lgbrgm `k` dufg abrupgigk jbigs fukukf gp` purjg ygkf l`kgagigk Fukukf Xgkffgjugk Xgkffgjugkgg lgk Fukukf Dgt`eumur (Jrokto, :>>8) ygkf ags`kf-ags`kf jbruaur 2,82 dutg tgmuk ygkf egeu (^brtga`kg, 70==) lgk : dutg tgmuk ygkf egeu (Xobr`g-Gtagldg lrr., 700> mge. Lga, A.G.H., 700>7. \mb Xbl`abktoeofy ^eb`stohbkb Soehgk`hegst`h `k tmb Egp`klo Jrgktgs Jeohi, Bgst Dgvg. Agdgegm Fboeof` @klokbs`g, v. 73, ko. 7, m.72-8=. Frbsio, A., H., Xur`g gkl X`kheg`r, X`kheg` r, X., 7002. Jgs`k Bvoeut`ok oc tmb Grdukg Z`ct Xystba gkl `ts @ape`hgt`oks cor Mylrohgrjok Bxpeorgt`ok, Occsmorb Kortmwbst Dgvg, @klokbs`g. ^rohbbl`kfs oc tmb :8. Bvoeus` Hbiukfgk Jofor, Dgwg Jgrgt, L`sbrtgs` X8, Cgi. ^gshg Xgrdgkg, ^bkbrj`t @\J, Jgklukf, :8= mge.