Ciudad Ojeda, Julio 2015: Trabajo Especial de Grado para Optar Al Título de Ingeniero Industrial

na apnfhahfø apnfha hføg g jkn pnag jk kikrek kikrekghfa ghfa y jlhuikgtar kn prlhksl. gclriar an p pkrslgan krslgan vfsftagtk jkn pnag jk kikrekghfa k ikrekghfa quk jf jfsplgk splgk kn Hlipnkbl. 0. Fgclriar kbkhutk tk kn prleraia jk sfiun sfiunahrls ahrls y hui huipnfr pnfr 8.  Askeurar quk sk kbkhu

nas

rkhlikgjahflgks quk surbag jk kstls sfiunahrls. :. Ks rksplgsa`nk plr na fjkgtfcfhahføg jk négkas y vánvunas y véas jk kshapk

jkn hlipnkbl. jfsplsfhføg hføg jk tljl kn pkrslgan ;.  Askeura quk kn pnag kstk a na jfsplsf prlpfl/hlgtratajl prlpfl/hlgt ratajl jkn Hlipnkbl.

180

 

NLEL JK NA KITPKXA 

TPLEPAIA JK Pkvfsføg2 44  Pkvfsføg2 XKE[PFJAJ XKE[P FJAJ V XAN[J NA@LPAN  Ckhma2 Jfhfki`rk, 041; Højfel2 XXN-441 

3. Pksplgsa`nk plr kn prleraia pkrføjfhl jk fgspkhhflgks, pruk`a y

iagtkgfifkgtl jk nls kqufpls jk rkspuksta para hlgtrln jk nas kikrekghfas y parls jk pnagtas, jlhuikgtar y skeufifkgtl a nas ahhflgks.

TP LZKHHFØG ZKHHFØG T KP XLGAN XLGAN   ekrkghfa j jk k nénégka gka kg tljl nl rkckrkg rkckrkgtk tk a2 1.  Askslra a na ekrkghfa - Pkanfzahføg jk sfiunahrls. -  Ajfks  Ajfkstrai traifkgtl fkgtl kg nls iag iagkbls kbls jk kqufpls jk jktkhhføg y kxt kxtfghføg fghføg jk

fghkgjfls. fghkgjfl 0.  Aplyl kg kn hli`atk jk fghkgjfl 8. Fgspkhhflgks y kvanuahflgks a nls sfstkias jk jktkhhføg y kxtfghføg jk

fghkgjfls y kifsføg jk rkhlikgjahflgks y skeufifkgtl.

KSA N[ N[AH AH FØ FØG G JK N TP LEPA I A   Tara na Tnagta Tnagta jk Hliprksføg jk Eas Hkgt Hkgtrl rl Xur Nael 1 jk TJSXA, TJS XA, kn pnag jk kvanuahføg jk skeurfjaj y sanuj lhupahflgan a`arhara nls sfeufkgtks aspkhtls2

  Fgclriahf gclriahføg øg jk kstajéstfhas

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  Jfhtajl jk hmarnas y hursls hlg partfhfpahføg jk tra`abajlrks y

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supkrvfslrks.   Trleraias iltfv iltfvahflganks. ahflganks.

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  Trleraias kspkhfanks

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  Hlgtr Hlgtrln ln sl`rk rkhlikg rkhlikgjahflgks jahflgks

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  Fgclrik gclrik jk rksuntajls kiftfj kiftfjls ls a na ekrkghfa ekrkghfa..

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188

 

NLEL JK NA KITPKXA 

TPLEPAIA JK Pkvfsføg2 44  Pkvfsføg2 XKE[PFJAJ XKE[P FJAJ V XAN[J NA@LPAN  Ckhma2 Jfhfki`rk, 041; Højfel2 XXN-441 

 IA G ZK G F IF K G ZL   Tara na Tnagta jk Hliprksføg jk Eas Hkgtrl sur nael 1 jk TJSXA, na fiplrtaghfa jk na fghnusføg jkn jkpartaikgtl jk Iagtkgfifkgtl kg kn prleraia jk skeurfjaj y sanu sanuj j lhupahflgan, lhupahflgan, rrajfha ajfha kg quk quk su partfhfpahføg pkriftfrá kvanuar aspkhtls tanks hlil2   Apnfhahflgks jk kst kstágjarks ágjarks jk jfskñls jk skeu skeurfjaj rfjaj y sanuj lhupahflgan lhupahflgan

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a gukvls prlykhtls k fgstanahflgks.   Iktljlnleéa y hlgstru hlgstruhhf hhføg øg jk g glrias lrias jk sk skeurfjaj eurfjaj y sanuj lhupahflgan lhupahf lgan a tra`abls kspk kspkhé hécfhls cfhls jk iagtkg iagtkgfifk fifkgtl gtl y hlgstru hlgstruhhf hhføg øg

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  Kvan Kvanuahføg uahføg jk nna a hlg hlgcfa`fnfjaj cfa`fnfjaj jk nls kqufpls.

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 A P H M F S LX   Kn Jkpartaikgtl jk Xkeurfjaj FFgjust gjustrfan rfan jk na Tnagta jk H Hliprksf liprksføg øg jk Eas Hkgtrl Xur Nael 1 jk TJ TJSXA, SXA, jk`krá jfsplg jfsplgkr kr `ásfhaikg `ásfhaikgtk tk jk ug arhm arhmfvl fvl pa para2 ra2   Iksas jk tra`ab tra`abl l

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  Ifgu Ifgutas tas jk rkug rkugføg føg

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  Fgclriks gclriks jk fgspkhh fgspkhhflgks flgks

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  Kstajé Kstajéstfhas stfhas jk ahhfjkgtks

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  Fgclriks gclriks jk fgvkstfeahf fgvkstfeahflgks lgks jk ahhf ahhfjkgtks jkgtks y sus skeufif skeufifkgtls kgtls

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  Ajfkstraifkgtls

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  Pkenas, glrias y prlhkj prlhkjfifk fifkgt gtls ls

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  Iagu Iaguanks anks jk skeurfj skeurfjaj aj fgjustrfan

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  Hlrrksplgjkghfas

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  @as @asaikgtls aikgtls nkeanks jk Xke Xkeurfjaj urfjaj y sanuj lhupahflgan. lhupahf lgan. 

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HLGHN[XFLGKX  [ga vkz aganfzajls nls rksuntajls jk ksta fgvkstfeahføg, sk hlghnuyk quk2 Kn prleraia jk skeurfjaj y sanuj lhupahflgan para na Tnagta jk Hliprksføg jk Eas Hkgtrl Xur Nael 1 jk TJSXA, jk`k skr nl iás jfrkhtl y craghl plsf`nk, ajaptajl a nls tfkipls ahtuanks y a nas gkhksfjajks kspkhfcfhas jk na ifsia, para nnkvarnl a ha`l ks gkhksarfl hlgtkipnar nl sfeufkgtk2   Xk rkqufkrk jk ug kscukrz kscukrzl l hllrjfgajl, hllrjf gajl, kg kgtrk trk m mkhmls, khmls, rkhursls y pkrslgan pkr slgan

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hlg nl quk sk kspkra l`tkgkr nlerls kg na rkjuhhføg jk rfksels kg nls jfckrkgtks kspahfls césfhls jk na pnagta.   Na rkeunarfzahføg jk nas fgspkhhflgks kg na pnagta skrvfrág para kn ikblraifkgtl jk nas hlgjfhflgks jk tra`abl, ya quk jfhma kvanuahføg hlgtrf`uyk a na jktkhhføg jk cannas quk skrág hlrrkefjas lplrtugaikgtk ikjfagtk ikjfagt k na hlgsfjkrahføg jk ikjf ikjfls ls para knfifgar knfifgar rfksels césfhls. césfhls.   Na ap apnfhahføg nfhahføg kcfhaz jk kstk prleraia prleraia lc lcrkhkrá, rkhkrá, kju kjuhahføg, hahføg, hapahftahføg, y

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iltfvahføg, hlil ikjfjas gkhksarfas para kvftar nksflgks y kgckrikjajks lhupahflganks juragtk kn jksarrlnnl jk nas jfckrkgtks ahtfvfjajks quk sk kbkhutag kg na pnagta.   Na apnfhahføg jkn prleraia y tljls nls `kgkcfhfls quk knnl trak, slg trajuhfjls a narel pnazl kg auikgtl jk na prljuhtfvfjaj. Kn jkpartaikgtl jk skeurfjaj fgjustrfan, an fipnagtar kstk prleraia,

kxpkrfikgtara hai`fls kg su kstruhtura, jfhmls hai`fls pkriftfrág ikblras kg nas hlgjfhflgks na`lranks, tanks hlil2   Ifgfifz Ifgfifzar ar nnls ls rfksels jk ahhfjkgtks y kgc kgckrikjajks krikjajks lhupahflganks. lhupahflganks.

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  Tkrsl Tkrslgan gan kgtrkgajl kgtrkgajl y hapahf hapahftajl tajl para kgcrkgtarsk a hlgcnfhtls na`lranks y

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jarnks slnuhføg fgikjfata   Kn prlhksl jk p prljuhhføg rljuhhføg sk mahk i iás ás hlgtfgu hlgtfgul l sfg hlrrkr kn rfksel jk skr



fgtkrruipfjl.

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PKHLIKGJAHFLGKX    A nl narel jk ksta fgv fgvkstfeahføg kstfeahføg sk pujl aprkh aprkhfar far quk na Tnagt Tnagta a jk Hliprksføg jk Eas Hkgtrl Xur Nael 1 jk TJSXA, aikrfta`a ug gukvl prleraia jk skeurfjaj y sanuj lhupahflgan ajaptaja a sus prlpfas gkhksfjajks, ks plr kstl quk sk suefkrk an Jkpartaikgtl jk Xkeurfjaj Fgjustrfan gjustrfan skeufr nnas as sfeufkgtks rkhlikgjah rkhlikgjahflgks2 flgks2   Fipnkikgtar ipnkikgtar kn prlera prleraia ia jk skeurfjaj y sanuj lhupahf lhupahflgan lgan aja ajaptajl ptajl a na

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pnagta, quk sk jksarrlnnl ks ksta fgvkstfeahføg.   Hrkar hlgshfkghfa ekrkghfan jk skeurfjaj ffgju gjustrfan, strfan, y apnfharna a ttljls ljls nls

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gfvknks jk na lreagfzahføg.   Jlhuikg Jlhuikgtar tar jk iagkra aipnfa sl`rk aspkhtls jk skeurfjaj fgju fgjustrfan strfan hlg kn cfg jk jktkrifgarna kckhtfvfjaj jkn ifsil.   Kvanu Kvanuar ar pkrfø pkrføjfh jfhaikgtk aikgtk kn prleraia jk sk skeurfjaj eurfjaj y sanuj lhupahf lhupahflgan, lgan,

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hlg kn cfg jk plgjkrar na kckhtfvfjaj jkn ifsil.   Apnfhar y mahkr huipnfr na rutfga jk fgspkhhflgks, `fkg ska jfarfas,

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rutfgarfas l rkeunarikgtk. Zai`fæg `rfgjar ug kspahfl césfhl jkgtrl jk na pnagta para kn pkrsl pkrslgan gan jk skeurfjaj skeurfja j fgju fgjustrfan. strfan.   Ahkptar hl hlg g hrftkrfl pl plsftfvl sftfvl nnas as clri clriun unahflgks, ahflgks, su suekrkghfas ekrkghfas k fjkas jkn pkrslgan sl`rk na puksta kg iarhma jkn prleraia.

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  Kjuhar y ajfkstrar a nls tra`abajlrks plr ikjfl jk hursls y tannkrks

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skeurfjaj skeurfja j y sanuj lhupahf lhupahflgan, lgan, para ifgfifzar l knfifgar nas hlgjfhf hlgjfhflgks lgks y

nls ahtls fgskeurls prkskgtks kg na pnagta.   Pkvfsar aguanikgtk kn prleraia jk skeurfjaj y sanuj lhupahflgan

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prlpukstl kg ksta fgvkstfeahføg hlg kn cfg jk ahtuanfzarnl jk ahukrjl a nls hai`fls y avaghks quk sk prljuzhag kg kn tfkipl.   Hrka Hrkarr ug hliftæ jk skeurfjaj skeurfja j fgju fgjustrfan, strfan, hlg kn l`bktfv l`bktfvl l jk fgv fgvkstfe kstfear ar nas

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hausas jk nls ahhfjkgtks y kgckrikjajks lhupahflganks quk lhurrag kg na pnagta, y prlplgkr ikjfjas para na prltkhhføg, jkgtrl ug ai`fkgtk sagl, skeurl, y iltfvajlr.

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NFXZA JK PKCKPKGHFAX PKCKP KGHFAX   Aeufnar, A (0411). Lpt Lptfifzahføg fifzahføg jk nls pnagks jk iagtkgfifkgtls prkvkgtfvls prkvkgtfvls y rutfgarfls jk nas eròas GOI jk nls mlrgls jk hlhhføg jk HSE SKGAN[I. [gfvkrsfjaj Gahflgan Kxpkrfikgtan jk Euayaga. Hfujaj

Euayaga Skgkzukna.  Ánvarkz,  Ánv arkz, I y Sá Sásqukz squkz,, H H.. (0414). Tnag Xanuj Lhupahflgan para na Jfrkhhføg jk Iagtkgfifkgtl I agtkgfifkgtl Ikhágfhl jk na Hlrplrahføg Hlrplrahføg Anhanjéa @lnfvarfaga jkn Iugfhfpfl Sanilrk Pljréeukz . Zra`abl jk Erajl gl pu`nfhajl

[gfvkrsfjaj Anlgsl jk Lbkja. Hfujaj Lbkja. Skgkzukna  Agtøg  Agt øg (0410 (0410). ). Jfskñl y kna`lrahføg jk ug pnag jk skeurfjaj y sanuj na`lran  para kn pkrslgan jk na cugjahføg para na n a prlilhføg prli lhføg y jksarrlnnl jksarrlnn l jk na [gfvkrsfjaj jk Lrfkgtk (C[GJA[JL ). [gfvkrsfjaj jk Lrfkgtk.

Skgkzukna.

 Arfas, C. (0443). Kn prlhksl jk fgvkstfeahføg. Euéa para su kna`lrahføg. Kjftlrfan Kpfstkik. K pfstkik. Harahas S Skgkz kgkzukn ukna. a.  Arfsikgjf, K. (0418). Trlykhtl jk fgvkstfeahføg.  Jfsplgf`n Jfspl gf`nk k kg mttp2//pnagfcfhahflgjkprlykhtlskifrarfsikgjf.`nlesplt.hli/0418/4:/tfp l s-y-jfskgl-jk-na-fgv s-y-jfskgl-jk -na-fgvkstfe kstfeahf ahflg\01. lg\01.mtin mtin (Hlgsunt (Hlgsunta a 041 041;2 ;2 Kgkrl 8Y  Azuabk,  Azu abk, G. (0445).  Aiæ  Aiærfha rfha Natfga kg uga kra jk Enl`anfzahføg. Enl`anf zahføg. Kjfhflgks Kpf stkik Hlgsunt Kpfstkik Hlgsuntlrks lrks Asl Aslhfa hfajls. jls. Skgkzukna. Skgkzukna. @avfkrff, K (1666). Kn plzl fnustrajl. :ta kjfhføg. Clgjl Kjftlrfan jkn Hkgtrl Fgtkrgahflgan gtkrgahflgan jk Kjuhahføg y Jksarrlnnl. Hara Harahas has Skgkzu Skgkzukna. kna. @ankstrfgf, I (0443) Høil sk kna`lra kn prlykhtl jk fgvkstfeahføg . 5ª

Kjfhføg. @N Hlgsuntlrks Aslhfajls. Xkrvfhfl Kjftlrfan. Harahas. Skgkzukna @fzqukrra, P. (044=). Iktljlnleéa jk na fgvkstfeahføg kjuhatfva. TanauEka, Sankghfa, Kspaña. Kspa ña. @rahml H. (0414). Xkeurfjaj Fgjustrfan. Kjftlrfan Ih. Eraw Mfnn. Harrashl, B. (0443). Kstujfl jk nls Tarajfeias jk Fgvkstfeahføg. Kjfhflgks Pfanp, X.A. Iajrfj Kspaña. K spaña.

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Hastknnagl, C (044=). Euéa jk jfpnliajl XFAML. [gfvkrsfjaj Anlgsl jk Lbkja. Runfa. Skgkzukna. Hkjkñl, I. (0410). Jfskñl jk iljknl jk ekstføg jk iagtkgfifkgtl kg kiprksas ca`rfhagtks jk kstruhturas iktánfhas . Agtkprlykhtl para lptar an Zétunl jk Iaefstkr Xhfkgtfarui kg Fgekgfkréa Fgjustrfan [gfvkrsfjaj Gahflgan Kxpkrfikgtan „Agtlgfl Blsæ jk Xuhrk’ Harahas.  

Skgkzukna. Hlifsføg Skgkzlnaga jk Glrias Fgjustrfanks HLSKGFG (0;442 68). Iaguan  para kvanuar kvanua r nls sfstkias jk iagtkgfifk iagtkgf ifkgtl gtl kg na fgjustrfa . (1kra rkvfsføg). rkv fsføg). Harahas. H arahas. Hlgstftuhføg Gahflgan jk na Pkpò`nfha @lnfvarfaga jk Skgkzukna (1666).

Eahkta Lcfhfan Kxtralrjfgarfa G² ;.:;8. Harahas. Skgkzukna. Tljkr Nkefsnatfvl jk Skgkzukna. Hlrtkz C. (0411), Iagtkgfifkgtl jk Tnagtas Tn agtas. Kjftlrfan Kjf tlrfan Nfiu Nfiusa sa Juccuaa, P. (044:) Xfstkias jk Iagtkgfifkgtl. Tnagkahføg y Hlgtrln . 1kra Kjfhføg. Kjfhf øg. Kjftlrfan Nfiusa. Ckrgágjkz, A (044=) Ekstføg jk rfksels ikjflai`fkgtanks2 hnavk kg nas jkhfsflgks kiprksar ki prksarfanks fanks . Iapcrk Xkeurfjaj. Iajrfj Kspaña

Eøikz, I. (0445). Fgtrljuhhføg a na iktljlnleéa jk na fgvkstfeahføg hfkgtécfha. Arekgt  Arekgtfga2 fga2 @ @ru rubas. bas. Euéa para na Fjkgtfcfhahføg, Kvanuahføg y Hlgtrln jk Pfksels. Iaguan jk Mfefkgk Lhupahflgan ML-M-40. (A`rfn, 0443). TJSXA, Harahas,

Skgkzukna. Murtajl, B. (0446). Tarajfeias y iætljls jk na fgvkst f gvkstfeahføg feahføg kg tfkipls jk

hai`fl . Kjfhf Kjfhflgks lgks Kpf Kpfstkik stkik Hlgsu Hlgsuntntlrks lrks Aslhfa Aslhfajls. jls. Skg Skgkzu kzukna kna Fgstftutl Gahflgan jk Trkvkghføg, Xanuj y Xkeurfjaj Na`lranks . Ifgfstkrfl jkn

Tljkr Tlpunar para kn Trlhksl Xlhfan jk Zra`abl. Jfsplgf`nk kg mttp tp2//ww 2//www.fgpsaskn.el`.vk/ill\ikjfls/skh\fgpsask w.fgpsaskn.el`.vk/ill\ikjfls/skh\fgpsaskn.mtin n.mtin _Hlgsunta 041;2 Kgkrl K gkrl 8Y Fgstftutl gstftutlHfujaj [g [gfvkrsftarf fvkrsftarfl l Tlnftæh Tlnftæhgfhl Xagtfael IarfñlKspkhfan Kxtkgsføg HLN Xkjk k Lbkja. Lbkja. (0443) gfhl Iaguan jk Zra`abl jk Erajl Er ajlXkj , Jfvfsføg jk Tnagfcfhah Tnagfcfhahføg føg y Jks Jksarrlnnl. arrlnnl. Fgv Fgvkstfe kstfeahf ahføg øg y Tls Tlsterajl, terajl, Ifragja Skgkzukna.

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Nky Lreágfha Lreágfha jk Trkvkghføg, Hlgjfhflgks y Ikjfl Ai`fkgtk jk Zra Zra`abl `abl

NLTHV NLTH VIAZ (044; (044;). ). Eahkta Lc Lcfhf fhfan an 8=.083. Skgkzu Skgkzukna. kna. Iaguan jk Fgekgfkréa jk Pfksels TJSXA FP-X-44 (044:) Tktrønkls jk

Skgkzukna Skgkzu kna TJ TJSXA SXA.. Skgkzukn Skgkzukna. a. Iaguan jk TJSXA TJ SXA HFKJ (0444). Tktrønkls jk Skgkz Sk gkzukna ukna TJ TJSXA SXA.. Skgkzukna. Skgkzukna. Iaguan jk na [gfvkrsfjaj Tkjaeøefha Kxpkrfikgta K xpkrfikgtann Nf`krtajlr Nf`krtajlr (044;). (044;). 

Ih Hlrifho, K. (0414). Cahtlrks muiagls kg fgekgfkréa y jfskñl. Kspahfl césfhl y jfstrf`uhføg. Kjftlrfan Eustav Eustavl l Efnf X.A., @leltá Hlnli`fa. Glria TJSXA TJS XA M-L-M-4. Euéas cughflganks cughflgank s jk sanuj lhupahflgan. lhupahf lgan. Skgkzukna. Glria TJSXA ML-M-1; Xfstkia Xfstkia ekrkghfan jk sanuj lhupahflgan . Skgkzukna. Glria Zæhgfha Trleraia jk Xkeurfjaj y Xanuj kg kn Zra`abl (GZ-41-044=).

Jkhrktl G´ 3.410, jk ckhma 1; jk a`rfn jk 044=, pu`nfhajl kg na Eahkta Lcfhfan jk na Pkpò`nfha @lnfvarfaga jk Skgkzukna G´ 8=.614. Lreagfzahføg Iugjfan jk na Xanuj (044=). LIX. Fgclrik sl`rk na sanuj kg kn Iugjl2 Pkjuhfr nls rfksels y prlilvkr uga vfja saga . Efgk`ra. Jfsplgf`nk kg mttp2//www.wml.fgt/wmr/prkvflus/ks (hlgsunta 041:? glvfki`rk 1;). Tu`nfhahflgks Særtfhk XN (0445). Jfrkhhføg jk lpkrahflgks. 0ja Kjfhføg. Kjftlrfan Tkarslg kjuhahføg jk Iæx Iæxfhl. fhl. Paiérkz, Fzza (0411). Kspahfl césfhl kg uga kiprksa . Jfsplgf`nk kg mttp2//www.`ukgastarkas.hli/kgsayls/Kspahfl-Cfsfhl-Kg-[ga Kiprksa (hlgsu (hlgsuntnta a 14 jk Jfh Jfhfki`rk fki`rk jkn 041:).

Paiérkz, Z. (0445) Høil mahkr ug prlykhtl jk fgvkst f gvkstfeahføg feahføg . Kjftlrfan Tagapl. Harahas, Skgkzukna. Pfvás (0446). Trleraia jk skeurfjaj y sanuj lhupahflgan . Jfsplgf`nk kg[PN2m kg[PN 2mttp2 ttp2//www.ilgleracfas.hli/t //www.ilgleracfas.hli/tra`a ra`abls10/pn bls10/pna a g/pnag. g/pnag.ss mtin#fipl. (Hlgsunta2 041:? glvfki`rk 08). Trleraia jk Xkeurfjaj y Xanuj Na`lran `asajl kg Tærkz ynaEarhéa, glria (0418). tæhgfha jk skeurfjaj fgjustrfan GZ-41-044= kg kn Fgstftutl [gfvkrsftarfl Tlnftæhgfhl Xagtfael [gfvkrsftarfl X agtfael Iarfñl Kxtkgsføg Kxtkgsføg HLN skjk Hfujaj Lbkja, Zra`abl Kspkhfan jk Erajl kg kn Fgstftutl [gfvkrsftarfl

Tlnftæhgfhl Tlnftæhg fhl Xagtfael Iarfñl Kxtkg Kxtkgsføg sføg HLN skjk Hfujaj Lbkja.

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Xa`fgl, H (0445). (0445 ). Kn prlhksl jk Fgvkstfeah føg. føg. Kjftlrfan Kjf tlrfan Tagapl. Kjfhfø Kjfhføg g Hlrrkefj Hlrrk efja a y ahtuanfzaja. Hara Harahas has Skgkzu Skgkzukna. kna. Zaiayl y Zaiayl, I. (044:) J fhhflg fhhflgarfl arfl jk na Fgvkstfeahføg Hfkgtécfha.  Kjftlrfan Nfiusa. Iæxfhl. J.C. Zæhgfhas k fgstruikgtls jk rkhlnkhhføg jk jatls. @ukgasZarkas.hli. (0411) jfsplgf`nk kg mttp2//www.`ukgastarkas.hli/kgsayls/ kg mttp2//www.`ukgastarkas.hli/kgsayls/ (Hlgsuntajl 041;2 kgkrl kgk rl 8).

Zfrajl, C. (0446). Tara acrlgtar nls nl s jksacéls jkn Xfenl Xfe nl ]]F. [gfvkrsfjaj Pacakn @knnlsl Hmahé H mahég, g, Iarahaf Iarahaf`l, `l, Skgkzukn Skgkzukna. a. Sknázqukz, H. H . (0418 (0418). ). Trkvkghføg jk rfksels kg lpkrajlrks jk pnagta hliprkslra jk eas. Trlykhtl Cfgan Fgtkerajlr [gfvkrsfjaj jk na Cratkrgfjaj Cratkrg fjaj jk A Aeru erupahflgks pahflgks X Xagt agtl l Zliás jk Aqufg Aqufgl. l. Sfnnas, H. (044=). Iagtkgfi fkgtl Fgjustrfan. Kjftlrfan Tagapl. Harahas, Skgkzukna.

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MLPA2 14244 AI

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L@BKZFSL2 L@BKZF SL2 Jkshrf` Jkshrf`fr fr nls rfksels fgm fgmkrkgt krkgtks ks a na ahtfvfjajks kbkhut kbkhutajas ajas kg na Tnagta jk Hliprksføg jk Eas Hkgtrl Xur Nael 1.

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XFZ[AHFLG2 XK L@XKPSAPLG NAX XFE[ XFE[FFKGZKX CANNA CANNAX2 X2 1. Pkckrkgtk a na Hliprksføg anta hlipnkbfjaj jkn iagkbl jkn Hliprksføg jk eas2 Jk`fjl a na anta eas hlil iatkrfa prfghfpan jk prljuhhføg kg ksta pnagta, sk ma l`skrvajl na kxhksfva hlgcfagza quk kn pkrslgan rkcnkba rkcnkba a na mlra jk iagfpunarn iagfpunarnl, l, parkh parkhfkgjl fkgjl 1:0

 

_AGK]L A-1Y IKXA JK ZPA@ABL

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CKHMA

KBKH[ZAJAX 40

4;

041;

fjkan ya quk tljl, tra`abajlr jk`k kstar skeurl jk na na`lr quk nf`ra, sfg ki`arel, ks rfkselsl kstk hliplrtaifkgtl hlgcfajl jk`fjl a quk sk suknk pasar plr antl tlja hlgjuhta jk skeurfjaj y prujkghfa. 1. Pkckrkgtk an Iagtkgfifkgtl Ikhágfhl2 jkgtrl jk nas na`lrks jk iagtkgfifkgtl, ks jk fiplrtagtk prklhupahføg na rkhurrkgtk canna jk mkrraifkgtas y kqufpls jk`fjl an ian iagkbl l hajuhfjaj jk vfja òtfn, sftuahføg jk pltkghfan rfksel para kn pkrslgan y kn kspahfl césfhl jk na pnagta? asé hlil tai`fæg kn hliplrtaifkgtl jk nls tra`abajlrks `fkg ska plr fiprujkghfa l fgkxpkrfkghfa juragtk na blrgaja, quk hlnlha kg rfksel na fgtkerfjaj prlpfa y jkn rkstl kg ekgkran.

AGÁNFXFX JK XLN[HFLGKX TAPA NA CANNA 12 Jk`fjl an rápfjl avaghk tkhglnøefhl jk kstk haipl, sk ma ahlrjajl jk iagkra ugágfik na gkhksfjaj jk ahtuanfzar na hapahftahføg jkn pkrslgan jk lpkrahflgks, asé hlil tai`fæg, mahkr ægcasfs kg nas hmarnas prleraiajas a kstk skhtlr sl`rk nls pltkghfanks y hlgstagtks rfksels prkskgtks kg su lcfhfl, trazágjlsk hlil glrtk na clriahføg jk uga vkrjajkra huntura jk skeurfjaj y sanuj lhupahflgan kg tljl kn rkhursl muiagl quk lpkra kg na Tnagta jk

Hliprksføg jk Eas Hkgtrl Xur Nael 1.

AGÁNFXFX JK XLN[HFLGKX TAPA NA CANNA 02 Xk jkhfjfø mahkr uga fgspkhhføg fgvkgtarfaja jk tljas nas mkrraifkgtas y kqufpls hlg kn cfg jk hlglhkr kn kstajl y cughflgaifkgtl rkan jk haja ugl jk knnls y asé ksta`nkhkr quk jk`k skr rkparajl, sustftufjl l knfifgajl para krrajfhar krrajf har nas cannas fg fgmkrkgt mkrkgtks ks a kstk pug pugtl, tl, asé hlil tai`fæ tai`fæg g ahtuan ahtuanfzar fzar 1:8

 

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na hapahftahføg jkn pkrslgan kg huagtl a iagkbl y hufjajl jk jfhmas mkrraifkgtas y kqufpl kqufpls, s, ajkiás jk nas hlgjuhtas jk skeurfjaj skeurfjaj,, mfefkgk y sanuj lhupahflgan a na mlra jk iagfpunarnls? y clikgtar hlg hmarnas ias skeufjas, na huntura jk skeurfjaj y sanuj lhupahflgan kg tljl kn pkrslgan jk iagtkgfifkgtl ikhágfhl quk lpkra kg na Tnagta jk Hliprksføg jk Eas Hkgtrl Hkgtr l Xur Nael 1.

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TNAGZA JK

MLPA2 14244 AI

HLITPKXFLG JK EAX EAX HKGZPL X[P NAEL NAEL 1

L@BKZFSL2 Fjkgtfcfhar nls rfksels lhupahflganks fgmkrkgtks a na ahtfvfjajks kbkhutajas kbkhu tajas kg na Tnag Tnagta ta j jk k Hliprksføg jk Eas Hkgt Hkgtrl rl Xur Nael 1.

TAPZFHFTAGZKX GLI@PK

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XFZ[AHFØG2 XK L@XKPSAPLG NAX XFE[ XFE[FFKGZKX CANNA CANNAX2 X2 1. Pkckrkgtk an Pfksel Césfhl 2 Jk`fjl a na prkskghfa jk aekgtks jk rfksels tanks hlil jksgfvknks, supkrcfhfks rks`anajfzas, kshankras y kshanlgks, l`stáhunls y árka jk ki`arquk, kn pkrslgan kstá kxpukstl a sucrfr ahhfjkgtks hausagtks jk skrfas nksflgks, jk`fjas a haéjas kg ug ifsil gfvkn, jfckrkgtks gfvknks k fghnusl an aeua, pujfkgjl hausar ,

1:;

 

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041;

kg nls ackhtajls kseufghks, crahturas, mkrfjas a`fkrtas, hlgtusflgks, mkiatlias, kxhlrfahflgks, trauiatfsils, y ascfxfas plr fgikrsføg. 0. Pkckrkgtk an Pfksel Quéifhl 2 Jk ahukrjl hlg nas sftuahflgks kxpukstas kg ksta rkugføg, ks plsf`nk ksta`nkhkr quk kn prfghfpan cahtlr jk rfksels kg rknahføg a kstk pugtl ks na plsf`nk fgmanahføg jk nls easks l vaplrks quk sk iagfpunag jkgtrl jk na pnagta, pujfkgjl hausar a qufkg sk vka ackhtajl, ségtlias jk ki`rfaeukz, jlnlrks jk ha`kza, iarkls, gauskas, frrftahføg jk lbls y trahtl rkspfratlrfl supkrflr, antkrahføg jkn rftil harjéahl, hlgvunsflgks, ascfxfa, fghlgshfkghfa y kg aneugls hasls, jk prlnlgearsk na pkriagkghfa a kxplsfhflgks iuy skvkras, pljrá lhasflgar na iukrtk, plr nl tagtl ks fiplrtagtk mahkr skeufifkgtl a nas slnuhflgks quk sk ksta`nkzhag para ifgfifzar nls rfksels quk sk ikghflgarlg agtkrflrikgtk. 8. Pkckrkgtk a nls Pfksels @flnøefhls2 Kg huagtl a kstk tfpl jk rfksels, sk hlglhfø quk nls `rltks jk vfrus trlpfhanks ackhtag a nls tra`abajlrks kg tfkrra y su`kg a na pnagta juragtk pkrfljls jk fghu`ahføg, jkskghajkgagjl nls ségtlias uga vkz mkhml kn ki`arquk nls huan fghfjk kg hlgtaefls jkgtrl jk na pnagta, plr ltra partk na iagfpunahføg jk anfikgtls y plstkrflrikgtk nls jkskhmls quk

qukjag jk kstls tai`fæg hrkag clhls fgckhhflsls hapa hapahks jk prlvlhar kgckrikjajks jkgtrl jkn pkrslgan. :. Pkckrkgtk a nls Pfksels Jfskrelgøifhls2   Nas hlgjfhflgks jfskrelgøifhas ai`fkgtanks y jkn kgtlrgl, jkn jfskñl y nls kqufpls, asé hlil jk na harea césfha, slg jkskghajkgajls jk`fjl a na fnuifgahføg, ai`fkgtk tærifhl y hanfjaj jk afrk (hanlr/crfø), ai`fkgtk ahòstfhl (afrk ahlgjfhflgajl, kqufpls jk hliputahføg, tknæclgl, fiprkslras, cltlhlpfajlra, hlgvkrsahflgks jk nls tra`abajlrks, hfrhunahflg jkn

1:3

 

_AGK]L A-1Y IKXA JK ZPA@ABL

TJSXA THEHXN1-41-4;-1;

PFKXELX KG AHZFSFJAJK AH ZFSFJAJKX X 

CKHMA

KBKH[ZAJAX 40

4;

041;

pkrslgan), il`fnfarfl jk lcfhfga, skjkstahflg, `fpkstahflg prlnlgeaja, sl`rk kscukrzl vfsuan (nkhtura, tra`abl hlg pagtanna jk vfsuanfzahflg jk jatls), cahtlrks quk pukjkg jkskghajkgar hkcanka, fgsligfl, catfea vfsuan,

y

kgckrikjajks

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jk

hliprliktkr hliprlikt kr nas hlgjfhflgks cfsf cfsfhas has jkn pkrslg pkrslgan. an. ;. Pkckrkgtk a nls Pfksels Tsfhlslhfanks2  An aganfzar aganfzar tljls nnls ls rfksels a nls quk kstag sliktfjls nls kipnkajls uga vkz quk mahkg su ki`arquk kg na pnagta ks hliprkgsf`nk quk sk sfkgtag a`ruiajls, jkskghajkgagjl kstrkss, agsfkjaj, catfea ikgtan, kgtrk ltrls, sfg ki`arel, hlil aspkhtl plsftfvl, ha`k rksantar na hlrjfanfjaj quk fipkra kg nas rknahflgks fgtkrpkrslganks, y nls pkrfljls jk jkshagsl kg fgstanahflgks jk na pnagta, pkgsajls para rkplgkr na catfea jk na  blrgaja  blrg aja kstag `fkg hn hnarls arls y ksta`nkhfjls.

AGÁNFXFX JK XLN[HFLGKX TAPA NA CANNA 12 [ga vkz fjkgtfcfhajas nas cannas, ma sfjl plsf`nk ksta`nkhkr slnuhflgks hapahks jk jfsifgufr nls rfksels jk clria hlgsfjkra`nk a cfg jk earagtfzar na iaylr skeurfjaj an pkrslgan quk na`lran kg na fgstanahflgks jk ksta pnagta,

kstas mahkg kgcasfs kg kn iagtkgfifkgtl jk nas árkas (nfipfkza), auikgtl kg na pkrfljfhfjaj jk nas hmarnas jk Xkeurfjaj k Mfefkgk Lhupahflgan, rkglvahflg y hlnlhahflg jk avfsls jk skeurfjaj, suifgfstrl pkrfljfhl jk hanzajl jk skeurfjaj, fgstanahføg jk pasaiagls kg nas kshankras y supkrcfhfk agtfjksnfzagtk kg nls kshanlgks, rkanfzar kstrfhtl skeufifkgtl a na apnfhahføg jk na glriatfva nkean vfekgtk, TJSXA KI-81-41-41, hufjar kn usl jkn hmankhls sanvavfjas, jkiahar na skñanfzahføg jk haifgkrfa, vfefnar na hkrtfcfhahf hkrtfcfh ahføg øg ahtuanfzaja jk nna a trfpunahføg, trfpunahføg, rkkipnazl y hlnlhah hlnlhahføg føg jk nls arls

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_AGK]L A-1Y IKXA JK ZPA@ABL

TJSXA THEHXN1-41-4;-1;

PFKXELX KG AHZFSFJAJK AH ZFSFJAJKX X 

CKHMA

KBKH[ZAJAX 40

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sanvavfjas, clikgtar kg kn pkrslgan kn rkplrtar nas hlgjfhflgks fgskeuras jk nas kshankras, kshanlgks, pasaiagls, kgtrk ltrls, iagtkgkr na atkghføg an haifgar y kvftar hlrrkr, gl l`stahunfzar na vfsf`fnfjaj an ilikgtl jk trasnajar iatkrfanks iaguanikgtk, jktkgkr kn pasl an usar kn tknæclgl hknunar, `abar hlg hufjajl nas kshankras y usar nls pasaiagls, utfnfzar kn hanzajl jk skeurfjaj suifgfstrajl y vkrfcfhar kn `ukg kstajl agtks jk usarnls, utfnfzar nls kqufpls jk prltkhhføg pkrslgan (hmankhl sanvavfjas, `ltas jk skeurfjaj, hashls, nkgtks, euagtks) y vkrfcfhar kn `ukg kstajl agtks jk usarnls, kg nas ahtfvfjajks jk ki`arquk y jkski`arquk kg ki`arhahflgks y tra`abls kg nls tkrifganks jk ki`arquk y iuknnks, sk jk`krá utfnfzar l`nfeatlrfaikgtk kn hmankhl sanvavfjas, huipnfr hlg nls prlhkjfifkgtls jk ki`arquk y jkski`arquk jk pkrslgas y iatkrfanks, huipnfr hlg nas rkhlikgjahflgks jk nas hmarnas jk skeurfjaj, iagtkgkr sfkiprk kg lptfias hlgjfhflgks jk lpkrahføg, kn hmankhl hmankhl sanv sanvavfjas avfjas quk nk m maya aya sf sfjl jl asfegajl

AGÁNFXFX JK XLN[HFLGKX TAPA NA CANNA 02 Xk jkhfjfø kg huagtl a kstk pugtl rkclrzar nas ikjfjas jk lrjkg y nfipfkza, rkanfzar nls prlhkjfifkgtls jk tra`abl hlg suil hufjajl, rkanfzar ug

aniahkgaifkgtl jk ajkhuajl jk prljuhtls quéifhls y na rkspkhtfva fjkgtfcfhahføg jkn prljuhtl, auikgtar na pkrfljfhfjaj kg na fipartfhføg jk hmarnas jk skeurfjaj k mfefkgk lhupahflgan, iagtkgkr na jfvuneahføg jk nls MJXI jk nls prljuhtls quéifhls. Mahkr rkeunarikgtk ajfkstraifkgtls y rkcrkshaifkgtls jk nls ifsils kg huagtl a nls prfikrls auxfnfls, suifgfstrl rkeunar jk rkspfrajlr hlg cfntrl quéifhl para vaplrks lreágfhls, euagtks gklprkgl, nkgtks jk prltkhhføg, vfskra cahfan, prlplrhflgar vkgtfnahføg ikhágfha kg nls kspahfls kspahfl s hkrrajls, vknar vknar pl plrr na apnfhahføg jk na na glriatfva glriatfva jk

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_AGK]L A-1Y IKXA JK ZPA@ABL

TJSXA THEHXN1-41-4;-1;

PFKXELX KG AHZFSFJAJK AH ZFSFJAJKX X 

CKHMA

KBKH[ZAJAX 40

4;

041;

TJSXA - Iaguan jk Mfefkgk Lhupahflgan ML-M-4; "Iagkbl y Hlgtrln jk Trljuhtls Quéifhls", slnfhftar na gltfcfhahføg jk rfksels kg haja uga jk nas fgstanahflgks

jlgjk

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kghlgtrajas kg kn árka, huipnfr ha`anikgtk hlg nls prlhkjfifkgtls jk tra`abl jk clria hufjajlsa, hlglhkr y apnfhar nl ksta`nkhfjl kg nas Mlbas jk Xkeurfjaj jk haja Trljuhtl quéifhl (MJXI), l`nfeatlrfaikgtk utfnfzar kn kqufpl jk prltkhhflg suifgfstrajl y vkrfcfhar kn `ukg kstajl agtks jk usarnls, vkrfcfhar rkeunarikgtk quk na ktfqukta jk fjkgtfcfhahføg y ajvkrtkghfa jk haja kgvask y hlgtkgkjlr kstá hlnlhaja kg uga zlga vfsf`nk jkn ifsil y kn fjflia utfnfzajl jk`k hlrrksplgjkr a na nkgeua l nkgeuas lcfhfanks jkn Kstajl, asfstfr l`nfeatlrfaikgtk a nls kxaikgks ikjfhls huagjl kstls skag rkqukrfjls.

AGÁNFXFX JK XLN[HFLGKX TAPA NA CANNA 82 Xk ahlrjø ksta`nkhkr prlhkjfifkgtls jk tra`abl y ikjfjas tæhgfhas ajkhuajas jk prltkhhføg, jk ekstføg jk rksfjuls, jk iagfpunahføg y tragsplrtk jk aekgtks `flnøefhls kg kn nuear jk tra`abl y jk pnagks jk kikrekghfa quk fghnuyag jfhmls rfksels? tai`fæg, kn kipnkl jk `lnsas y

hlgtkgkjlrks jk`fjaikgtk fjkgtfcfhajls y sknnajls para rkjuhfr an iégfil na kxplsfhføg jk nls rksfjuls kg kn ai`fkgtk, ajkiás jk, kbkhutar ikjfjas jk mfefkgk quk kvftkg l jfcfhuntkg na jfspkrsføg jk aneòg aekgtk `flnøefhl prkskgtk kg na pnagta, hlil plr kbkipnl skrvfhfls sagftarfls ajkhuajls, kg nls quk sk fghnuyag prljuhtls jk askl lhunar y agtfsæptfhls para kn navajl hlrplran, cfganikgtk ksta`nkhkr ug hlgtrln sagftarfl hlgtfgul y prleraiajl.

1:6

 

_AGK]L A-1Y IKXA JK ZPA@ABL

TJSXA THEHXN1-41-4;-1;

PFKXELX KG AHZFSFJAJK AH ZFSFJAJKX X 

CKHMA

KBKH[ZAJAX 40

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AGÁNFXFX JK XLN[HFLGKX TAPA NA CANNA :2 Tara rkjuhfr nls égjfhks jk cannas kg rknahføg a nl jfskrelgøifhl, sk ksta`nkhfø quk ks gkhksarfl jar ha`an huipnfifkgtl jk nas glriatfvas nkeanks vfekgtks (NLTHVIAZ y Glrias HLSKGFG), jfskñar ug prleraia jk iagtkgfifkgtl prkvkgtfvl y hlrrkhtfvl an sfstkia jk afrk ahlgjfhflgajl k fnuifgahføg) para `rfgjar iás hlgclrt, rkanfzar kxmaustfvas kvanuahflgks jk rfksels rfks els lhupahfl lhupahflganks, ganks,

auikg auikgtar tar kn gòikrl gòikrl jk h marnas jk Xkeurfjaj Xke urfjaj k

Mfefkgk Lhupahflgan, huipnfr l`nfeatlrfaikgtk hlg nls kxáikgks iæjfhls pkrføjfhls. 

AGÁNFXFX JK XLN[HFLGKX TAPA NA CANNA ;2  Augquk  Aug quk kg na pnag pnagta ta sk vfvk ug ai`fkgtk sanu sanuja`nk ja`nk kg huagtl huagtl a trat tratl l y hlgvfvkghfa, gl kstá jk iás prkstar atkghføg a pkqukñls tras pfks quk pukjag prkskgtarsk, ks plr knnl, quk sk ksta`nkhkrág ikjfjas para clikgtar kn aplyl kgtrk tra`abajlrks y supkrflrks, a cfg jk pltkghfar kn tra`abl kg kqufpl y na hliugfhahføg kckhtfva, `ushar antkrgatfvas para fghrkikgtar nas lplrtugfjajks jk apnfhar hlglhfifkgtls, asé hlil kn aprkgjfzabk y jksarrlnnl jk gukvas ma`fnfjajks, prlilhflgar na autlgliéa jkn pkrslgan kg na

rkanfzahføg jk nls tra`abls, earagtfzar kn rkspktl y tratl jfegl y bustl kgtrk nls hlipañkrls, hufjar na hnarfjaj y tragsparkghfa lreagfzatfva, jar a hlglhkr nas earagté earagtéas as jk skeurfja skeurfjaj j y ksta`f ksta`fnfjaj nfjaj na`lran kg a`slnu a`sl nutaikgtk taikgtk tljas nas hlgjfhflgks jk tra`abl, krrajfhar na huntura jk iagjl y ksta`nkhkr prlhkjfifkgtls para ekstflgar pkrslgan kg clria sanuja`nk.

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