CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network
Product Description Version: A/1
Code: MN000002936
FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd. June 2016
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Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Website: http://www.fiberhomegroup.com
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are trademarks of FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd. (Hereinafter referred to as FiberHome) All brand names and product names used in this document are used for identification purposes only and are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
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Preface
Related Documentation Document
Description
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet
Introduces the product ’s functions and features, protection
Transport Network Product
mechanism, network applications, and technical
Description
specifications.
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Hardware Description CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Quick Installation Guide CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Configuration Guide
Describes the equipment ’s structures, functions, specifications, and technical parameters in terms of its hardware components (i.e. the cabinet, the subrack, cards, and cables). Briefs how to install the CiTRANS 650 U3 equipment, connect and lay out its wires and cables. Describes the rules and methods for configuring various services and functions of the equipment in the OTNM2000, and lists typical configuration examples and operation procedures.
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet
Gives a detailed description of items and procedures of
Transport Network Routine
routine maintenance on a daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly
Maintenance
and yearly basis.
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet
Gives a detailed introduction to notices of fault
Transport Network
management, fault isolating methods as well as procedures
Troubleshooting Guide
and methods of fault management.
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet
Describes levels and classification of alarms and
Transport Network Alarm and
performance events; lists definitions, causes and
Performance Reference
processing methods of all alarms and performance events. Includes four manuals, i.e., product description, operation
e-Fim OTNM2000 Element
guide, routine maintenance and installation guide, all of
Management System Manual
which are aimed at introducing common and fundamental
Set
contents of the OTNM2000 for a better understanding and proficient use of the network management system.
PDP250B User Guide
Introduces the functions of the PDP (3000073); briefs how to install the PDP, connect and lay out its wires and cables.
I
Document PDP296B User Guide
PDP850A User Guide
II
Description Introduces the functions of the PDP (3000068); briefs how to install the PDP, connect and lay out its wires and cables. Introduces the functions of the PDP (3000064); briefs how to install the PDP, connect and lay out its wires and cables.
Version Ve r s i o n
Desc r i p ti o n
A
Initial version.
Intended Readers This manual is intended for the following readers: u
Planning and designing engineers
u
Commissioning engineers
u
Operation and maintenance engineers
To utilize this manual, these prerequisite skills are necessary: u
Router related technology
u
Data communication technology
u
Ethernet technology
III
Conventions Terminology Conventions Terminology
Convention FiberHome CiTRANS 650 U3 Equipment
CiTRANS 650 U3
FiberHome e-Fim OTNM2000 Element Management
OTNM2000
System
SNCV1
Control Switch Unit of the CiTRANS 650 U3
XSV1
1-port 10GE Interface Card
XSV2
2-ports 10GE Interface Card
MSV1
8-ports GE/FE Interface Optical Card
GSV4
8-ports GE/FE Interface Electric Card
GSV3
8-ports GE Optical Interface Card
ESV2
8-ports FE Optical Interface Card
E1V1
32PortE1LineCardwithCES
S1V1
4 STM-1 Optical Interface Card
PWR
PowerCard
FAN
Fan Unit
Symbol Conventions Symbo l
M e an i n g Note
Caution
Warning ➔
Jump Cascading
→
menu Bidirectional
↔
service Unidirectional →
service
IV
Desc r i p ti o n Important features or operation guide. Possible injury to persons or systems, or cause traffic interruption or loss. May cause severe bodily injuries. Jumps to another step. Connects multiple-level menu options.
The service signal is bidirectional.
The service signal is unidirectional.
Contents
Preface........... ............. ............. ............. ............. .......................... ......................... .I Related Documentation ...................................................................................I Version ......................... ............. ............. ............. ............. ......................... ....III Intended Readers .......................... .......................... ......................... .............II I Conventions ............. ......................... ............. ............. ............. ............. ....... IV 1
Overview ......................... ............. .......................... .......................... ..............1 1.1
Product Introduction..........................................................................2
1.2
Product Positioning...........................................................................2
1.3 2
Network Application ......................... ............. ............. .......................3
unction F .........................................................................................................4 2.1
Unified Cross-connect Capability ......................................................5
2.2
Service Type and Access Capability..................................................5
2.3
2.2.1
ServiceType.......................................................................5
2.2.2
Access Capability ............. ......................... ............. ............5
Protection Capability .........................................................................6 2.3.1
2.4
3
Equipment-level Protection ...................................... ...........6
2.3.2
Network-level Protection ............. .......................... ..............7
2.3.3
Network Management Information Protection ......................9
Carrier-Class Network Management..................................................9 2.4.1
Support of Centralized Configuration Management............10
2.4.2
Support of Performance and Alarm Management ..............10
2.4.3
DCNConstruction............................................................. 11
Product Feature................. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ..........13 3.1
3.2
OAM Feature ............. ......................... ............. .......................... .....14 3.1.1
Introduction to OAM ............. .......................... ...................14
3.1.2
MPLS-TP OAM Mechanism ..................................... .........16
3.1.3
MPLS-TP OAM Function Signaling ................................... 16
QoS Feature..................... .............. ......................... ............. ..........19
3.2.1
3.3
QoSCapability..................................................................19
3.2.3
QoS Mechanism...................... .............. ......................... ..21
Clock Feature ........................ ............. ............. .......................... .....22 3.3.1
3.4
4
Clock Signal Synchronization............................................22
3.3.2
Clock and Time Synchronization Technology.....................23
3.3.3
Time Signal Synchronization Capability.............................31
Easy Maintenance ......................... ............. ............. ............. ..........32 3.4.1
Remote Software Upgrade of Cards..................................32
3.4.2
Automatic Identification of Cards via the EMS....................33
3.4.3
Automatic Storage of Card Operation and Fault Message..33
3.4.4
Automatic Discovery of NEs.............................................. 33
3.4.5
Prompt of Power Failure....................................................33
3.5
Feature of Energy Saving And Emission Reduction .........................34
3.6
Intelligent Fan Feature ........................ ............. ............. ............. .....35
ProductStructure..........................................................................................36 4.1
Logical Structure............................................................................. 37
4.2
Hardware Structure.........................................................................39
4.3
4.2.1
Introduction to Cabinet ........................ ............. ............. ....39
4.2.2
EquipmentLayout............................................................. 43
4.2.3
PDP Used by the CiTRANS 650 U3 ............. .....................43
4.2.4
CiTRANS 650 U3 Subrack .............. ......................... .........45
4.2.5
Card Classification and Corresponding Slot.......................47
4.2.6
Positioning of Cards in the System ......................... ...........48
Software Architecture...................................................................... 49 4.3.1
Overview .......................... ......................... ............. ..........50
4.3.2
Communication Protocol and Interface..............................50
4.3.3
EMU Software .................................................................. 51
4.3.4 5
QoS Overview .................................................................. 19
3.2.2
Network Management Software ............. ............. ............. .52
Service Application .............. ......................... ............. ............. ............. .........54 5.1
Ethernet Service ......................... ............. ............. ............. .............55 5.1.1
ServiceType.....................................................................55
5.1.2
ServiceExample...............................................................55
5.1.3
Application Scenario ............. ......................... ............. ......58
5.2
CES Service ......................... ............. ............. ............. ............. ......61 5.2.1
6
EmulationMode................................................................ 61
5.2.2
Service Clock ........... ............. ............. ............. .................61
5.2.3
Application Scenario ...................................... ...................64
5.3
Coarse-grained Private Line Service ........................ ............. ..........64
5.4
Base Station GE / FE Service Bearing.............................................65
Protection Implementation ............................................................................67 6.1
Equipment-Level Protection ............................................................68 6.1.1
1+1 Protection for the Core Switch and Cross-connect
6.1.2
1+1 Protection for the Power Card.....................................69
6.1.3
TPS 1:1 Protection for the E1 Card....................................69
Card ..................................... ............. ............. ............. .....68
6.2
6.3 7
6.2.1
LSP 1:1 Protection....................... ......................... ............70
6.2.2
PW APS Protection...................... ............. ........................72
6.2.3
Ethernet LAG Protection .............. ......................... ............74
Network Management Information Protection .................................. 75
Security Management..................... ............. .......................... .......................79 7.1
Access Control ............................................................................... 80
7.2
User Level and Permission Management ........................................80
7.3
Data Security.................... .............. ......................... ............. ..........82
7.4 8
Network-level Protection ............. ............. .......................... .............70
Log Management............................................................................ 82
e Tchnical Specifications................................................................................83 8.1
System Performance Specifications ................................................84
8.2
Subrack Specifications....................................................................84
8.3
Card Specifications.........................................................................84 8.3.1
Dimensions, Weight, Power Consumption and Slot of
8.3.2
Specifications of the XSV1 / XSV2 Card.................... ........85
8.3.3
Specifications of the MSV1/GSV3/ESV2 Card ...................86
8.3.4
Specifications of the GSV4 Card ......................... ..............87
8.3.5
Specifications of the E1V1 Card ............. ............. ..............87
8.3.6
Specifications of the S1V1 Card ............. ............. ..............88
Cards ............. ......................... ............. .......................... ..85
8.4
Applicable Standard........................................................................89 8.4.1
8.5
International Standards.....................................................89
8.4.2
Safety Standards of Laser.................................................93
8.4.3
Relevant Safety Standards................................................94
8.4.4
Relevant EMC Standards..................................................94
8.4.5
Relevant Environment Standards......................................95
8.4.6 8.4.7
Grounding Standards........................................................97 Noise Standards...................... .............. ......................... ..97
8.4.8
Fire Prevention Standards................................................. 97
8.4.9
Relevant Packaging Standards ......................... ............. ...98
Environmental Requirement............................................................98 8.5.1
Operating Environment .......................... ......................... ..99
8.5.2
Storage Environment ............. ............. ............. ...............102
8.5.3
Appendix A
Transport Environment....................................................104
Abbreviations .......................................................................... 107
1
Overview The following is intended to introduce the product from the following aspects.
Product Introduction Product Positioning Network Application
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1
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
1.1
Product Introduction CiTRANS 650 U3, the compact MPLS-TP equipment, is designed and developed to meet the requirements of a variety of flexible transmission at access layer. Using the unified Packet switching platform, the product supports multi-service access and unified switching. The product supports stacking of multiple devices, so as to facilitate extension of accessed service. The CiTRANS 650 U3 features guaranteed QoS mechanism, carrier-class reliability, a complete set of service processing capabilities, convenient and flexible service configuration and management, and high-precision time synchronization, meeting the requirements of data services and wireless access network services for the network equipment. Taking the unified switching as the core, the CiTRANS 650 U3 provides access of services such as Ethernet and TDM services, meeting full-service access requirements of operators. Compatible with MPLS-TP technology, the CiTRANS 650 U3 is aiming at carrying comprehensive services. It is mainly located on the small or large scale access and convergence nodes of the MAN. The appearance of the product is as shown below.
Figure 1-1
1.2
Appearance of the CiTRANS 650 U3
Product Positioning The CiTRANS 650 U3 is mainly located at the small- or large-scale access and convergence nodes of the MAN, meeting full-service access requirements of operators.
2
Version: A/1
1 Overview
The CiTRANS 650 U3 integrates packet processing and TDM processing capabilities, and provides interfaces for multiple services including Ethernet and TDM services. It can be applied in many scenarios such as IP-based RAN transmission and fixed bandwidth data convergence and transmission. It provides abundant service types and impeccable service management mechanism for fixed network users, commercial network users, and mobile network users. It is applicable to the access layer of MANs and LANs.
1.3
Network Application Figure 1-2 shows the networking scenario of the CiTRANS 650 U3 which serves as the platform for bearing multiple services.
Figure 1-2
Version: A/1
Network Scenario of the CiTRANS 650 U3
3
2
Function As a carrier-class transmission equipment, the CiTRANS 650 U3 supports multiple service types and provides a wide variety of functions to ensure service transmission quality and efficiency. The main functions of the CiTRANS 650 U3 are described as follows.
Unified Cross-connect Capability Service Type and Access Capability Protection Capability Carrier-Class Network Management
4
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2 Function
2.1
Unified Cross-connect Capability The CiTRANS 650 U3 takes the unified switching as the core and has a crossconnect grooming capability as shown in Table 2-1. Table 2-1
Cross-connect Grooming Capability
Product Code CiTRANS 650 U3
2.2
Code of Core Switch & Cross-connect Card SNCV1
Cross-connect Capacity Packet: 100G / 160G
Service Type and Access Capability The following introduces the service types and access capability of the CiTRANS 650 U3.
2.2.1
Service Type See Table 2-2 for the service types supported by the CiTRANS 650 U3. Table 2-2
Applicable Service Types
Se rv ic e Ca tego ry
Se rv ic e Typ e FE
Ethernet service
Reference Standard IEEE 802.3z
GE
IEEE 802.3u
10GE LAN / WAN
IEEE 802.3ae ITU-T G.703
E1
ITU-T G.783 ITU-T G.823 ITU-T G.824
TDM service
ITU-T G.707 STM-1
ITU-T G.691 ITU-T G.957
2.2.2
Access Capability See Table 2-3 for types and access capabilities of various services supported by the CiTRANS 650 U3.
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Table 2-3 Service Category
Service Type
Access Capability Accessed Line
Card Name
Quantity
XSV1
1
Optical interface
XSV2
2
Optical interface
GSV4
8
MSV1
8
interface Optical interface
GSV3
8
Optical interface
ESV2
8
Optical interface
10GE
Ethernet service GE/FE hybrid
E1
E1V1
32
CES service STM-1
2.3
Interface Type
S1V1
4
Electrical
Electrical interface Optical interface
Protection Capability The CiTRANS 650 U3 provides equipment-level protection, network-level protection and network management information protection.
2.3.1
Equipment-level Protection The CiTRANS 650 U3 provides abundant equipment-level protections, as shown in Table 2-4. Table 2-4
Equipment-level Protection
Protection Object
Protection Mode
Core switch and cross-connect card Power card Fan unit E1 card
6
1+1 hot standby 1+1 hot standby
Hot standby TPS 1:1 protection
Version: A/1
2 Function
1+1 Protection for the Core Switch and Cross-connect Card u
It is recommended that two SNCV1 cards in hot standby mode be configured for the CiTRANS 650 U3. When the active card fails, services on the active card will be switched to the standby card, so as to implement the 1+1 protection.
1+1 Protection for the Power Card It is recommended that two power cards in hot standby mode be configured for the CiTRANS 650 U3. When the active card fails, the power supply to which the standby card connects provides power for the equipment, implementing 1+1 protection.
Protection for the Fan Unit The CiTRANS 650 U3 provides intelligent fan unit protection. The fan unit of the CiTRANS 650 U3 includes four fans that are working independently and performing mutual hot standby. When all fans are operating normally, the fan unit rotates according to the working mode set by the SRC2A card. If one of the fans fails or stops rotating, the fan unit will report the alarm information and refuse to receive the command from the core switch and cross-connect card, and the remaining fans run in full speed, so as to facilitate the heat dissipation and guarantee the normal operating of the equipment.
TPS 1:1 Protection for the E1 Card It is recommended that two E1 cards and one terminal board should be configured for the CiTRANS 650 U3. When the active card fails, services on the active card will be switched to the standby card, so as to implement the TPS 1:1 protection.
2.3.2
Network-level Protection The CiTRANS 650 U3 provides abundant network-level protections, as shown in Table 2-5.
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Table 2-5
Network-level Protection
Service Type
Ethernet service
P r o tect i o n
P r o tect i o n m o d e
LSP protection
1:1
PW APS protection
1:1, redundancy
Ethernet LAG protection
Port aggregation
LSP 1:1 Protection In LSP 1:1 protection, the protection path is used to protect the services transmitted over the working path. When the working path fails, the service switches to the protection path. The service protected by the LSP 1:1 protection is single-fed and single-received. Depending on whether the service is switched to the working path after the working path is back to normal, the LSP protection can be divided into revertive and nonrevertive modes. And depending on whether the Rx and Tx ends of the service are assisting the switching when the switching occurs, the LSP protection can be divided into unidirectional and bidirectional protections. In LSP 1:1 protection, the active / standby status and switching status are exchanged on the protection path through the APS protocol. The equipment at both ends performs service switching according to protocol statuses and switching statuses.
PW APS Protection In PW APS protection, the PW OAM packet is used to test the quality of the service channel, and the APS packet is used between two stations for interaction and switching. The PW 1:1 protection is applied in the scenario of same source and same sink. The PW APS protection is implemented by configuring two PWs with the same source and sink stations but with different paths that carry the Tunnel. The PW redundancy protection is applied in the scenario of same source and different sinks. The PW APS protection is implemented by configuring two PWs with the same source station but different sink stations (sink 1 and sink 2).
8
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2 Function
Ethernet LAG Protection A Link Aggregation Group (LAG) is a group of physical Ethernet interfaces with the same rate that are bound as a logical interface for the purpose of increasing the bandwidth and protecting link protection. LAG provides larger bandwidth and higher reliability of the links. Members of the port aggregation group perform mutual dynamic backup protection; when one link fails, other links will take over the traffic load of the failed link to achieve load sharing.
2.3.3
Network Management Information Protection The CiTRANS 650 U3 provides a protection channel for network management information. The NEs whose network management information should be protected is accessed into the data communication network (DCN), and connected with the network management system host to establish the protection channel of the network management information. When the network is normal, network management information is transmitted on the working channel. When the working channel fails, an NE automatically switches to the protection channel to transmit network management information, which allows the network management system to monitor and operate the entire network.
2.4
Carrier-Class Network Management The CiTRANS 650 U3 uses the OTNM2000 Element Management System (hereinafter referred to as the OTNM2000) to realize the network management. The OTNM2000 is the subnet of the TMN and designed in line with the OSI standard of ISO. The OTNM2000 offered by FiberHome can implement the integrated management on various types of FiberHome’s transmission and access equipment with one platform, so as to facilitate better user experience and lower the maintenance budget.
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
2.4.1
Support of Centralized Configuration Management The CiTRANS 650 U3 uses the OTNM2000 to perform unified configuration management at the central office, with a large control scope, high management efficiency, and low maintenance cost. Configuration management includes network configuration and NE configuration. u
Network information configuration: includes setting up, modifying and deleting physical links and service channels of a network, and reconfiguring physical links and channels and recovering routes when faults occur on the network.
u
NE information configuration: indicates managing (creating, deleting, and modifying) NEs that constitute a communication network, including NE initialization and function configuration (adding or deleting NEs, subracks, or cards).
2.4.2
Support of Performance and Alarm Management The CiTRANS 650 U3 uses the OTNM2000 to perform performance management and alarm management and implements operations such as real-time collection, prompt, browsing, filter, confirmation, clearing, and statistics collection related to performance data and alarms, as well as alarm relevance analysis and fault diagnosis. u
Performance management: The OTNM2000 provides the performance management function, produces reports and evaluation on the transport performance parameters of the communication equipment and networks. It collects quality data and statistics on the actual operation of equipment in communication networks and monitors the status and performance of networks and equipment. This provides an evidence for the maintenance personnel to evaluate, analyze, predict and plan the network.
u
Alarm management: The OTNM2000 supports alarm management, implements real-time monitoring on abnormal operation of the equipment and the network channels, performs monitoring, report, storage of alarmed signals, and fault diagnosis, isolation and troubleshooting.
10
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2 Function
2.4.3
DCN Construction As a part of network management, the DCN is used to transmit network management information. The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports multiple DCN construction modes and isolation of MCN and SCN, and implements both in-band and out-of-band DCN network modes.
2.4.3.1
In-band DCN Network In an in-band DCN, the service channel provided by the managed equipment is used to perform network equipment management. In this mode, network management information is transmitted via the service channel of the equipment. This network mode is flexible and requires no additional equipment. The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports the following interfaces of an in-band DCN: u GE interface u 10GE interface u
STM-1 interface
See Figure 2-1 for the in-band DCN network of the CiTRANS 650 U3.
Figure 2-1
Version: A/1
The In-band DCN Network Diagram
11
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
2.4.3.2
Out-of-band DCN Network In an out-of-band DCN, channels other than service channels are used to transmit network management information to implement network management. Compared with an in-band DCN, an out-of-band DCN provides management channels that are more reliable. When service channels of an out-of-band DCN are faulty, network management information can be obtained in a timely manner and real-time network monitoring can be implemented. An out-of-band DCN requires dedicated communication channels independent of service channels. In out-of-band DCN network mode, the network management center can set up a DCN with the managed equipment in multiple modes. The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports the following out-of-band DCN network modes: u
E1 private line
u
Ethernet
See Figure 2-2 for the out-of-band DCN network of the CiTRANS 650 U3.
Figure 2-2
12
The Out-of-band DCN Network Diagram
Version: A/1
3
Product Feature The following introduces the technical and maintenance features of the CiTRANS 650 U3.
OAM Feature QoS Feature Clock Feature Easy Maintenance Feature of Energy Saving And Emission Reduction Intelligent Fan Feature
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13
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
3.1
OAM Feature Based on carriers' network operation requirements, the management of a network is usually classified into operation, administration, and maintenance, that is, OAM. u
Operation and administration: Routine analysis, prediction, planning, and configuration for a network and services.
u
Maintenance: Routine activities such as performing network and service tests and fault management.
The ITU-T defines the following OAM functions: u
Monitors performance, generates maintenance information and evaluates network reliability according to the maintenance information.
u
Checks for network faults periodically and generates related maintenance and alarm information.
u
Bypasses the failed entity via scheduling or switching to other entities, so as to guarantee the normal operation of the network.
u
3.1.1
Transmits fault information to the management entity.
Introduction to OAM The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports GACh+Y.1731 based Ethernet OAM, MPLS-TP network layer OAM and IEEE 802.3ah access link OAM, so as to complete the OAM management functions at client side and various layers of MPLS-TP network. This can implement quick fault diagnosis, so as to trigger protection switching and ensure the carrier-class service quality in the unified switching network. Table 3-1 lists OAM standards supported by the CiTRANS 650 U3 at various layers of the network. Table 3-1
Supported OAM Standards
N et w o r k L ay er Access link OAM
C o r r es p o n d i n g OA M S t an d a r d IEEE 802.3ah
MPLS-TP OAM (TMS/TMP/TMC) GACh+Y.1731 Ethernet OAM
14
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3 Product Feature
Access Link OAM The access link OAM is an end-to-end OAM function specific to services and supports the detection on quality of Ethernet link across multiple NEs.
MPLS-TP OAM MPLS-TP OAM can effectively detect and isolate defects in an MPLS-TP network and monitor the network performance. The equipment can trigger the protection switching using the detecting status of OAM, so as to implement quick fault detection and service protection, and guarantee the carrier-class QoS in the unified switching network. The OAM mechanism of the MPLS-TP complies with the standard GACh+Y.1731. It provides abundant service overhead, similar to the feature of the TDM network. It also implements the functions of automatic network fault detection, protection switching, performance monitoring and fault isolation for hierarchical network, performing the OAM monitoring for each layer of the MPLS-TP.
Ethernet OAM Ethernet OAM, a tool of monitoring network problems, works at the data link layer, reports network status via the regular interacting of OAM PDU between devices and assists network administrators in efficiently managing the network. The Ethernet OAM is compliant with the ITU-T Y.1731 standard, supports proactive and on-demand fault management mechanisms, and performs functions such as Ethernet continuity check, loopback detection, link tracing message, alarm indication message, maintenance communication channel message, and remote defect indication.
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
3.1.2
MPLS-TP OAM Mechanism Compared to the OAM functions of TDM/SONET and ATM, the traditional packet based network management and maintenance functions are relatively weak and cannot provide end-to-end service management, fault detection and performance monitoring. MPLS-TP has the similar function as the OAM management function of the TDM, which is different from the traditional packet transport technology and is the key technology of MPLS-TP. The main OAM functions are as described follows. u
Supports hierarchical OAM functions. The MPLS-TP OAM provides up to eight MEG layers (0 to 7), and each layer supports independent OAM functions, so as to meet the requirements of various network deployment policies.
u
Provides the OAM function related to the fault management; performs the automatic detection, checking and verification, isolation, notification of network faults. The end-to-end fault management function at the VC-layer can be performed in the MPLS-TP network.
u
Provides the OAM function related to the performance monitoring; performs the online measurement of network performance and performance report function. The end-to-end performance measurement function at the VC-layer can be performed in the MPLS-TP network.
u
Provides OAM functions for daily maintenance, including loopback and locking, providing operators with more convenient maintenance operation methods for daily network checking.
3.1.3
MPLS-TP OAM Function Signaling In the aspect of layer, the OAM includes VC, VP and VS, as shown in Figure 3-1.
16
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3 Product Feature
Figure 3-1
MPLS-TP OAM Hierarchical Model
In the aspect of function, the main functions of the MPLS-TP OAM include the following aspects: u
Alarm related OAM.
u
Performance related OAM.
u Other OAMs.
Below are usages of each OAM signaling.
Alarm Related OAM
Version: A/1
u
CC: Detects whether the connection is normal.
u
LB: Loopback function.
17
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
u
LT: Determines the path from the source end to the destination maintenance end point.
u
AIS: Informs the path failure signal in service layer to the client layer.
u
RDI: Indicates remote defect.
u
LCK: Locking signaling; used to inform a MEP, related service layer and sublayer MEP to interrupt normal services because of the management requirement.
u
TST: Testing signaling. The testing request initiated by one MEP to another MEP.
Performance Related OAM u
LM : Frame loss measurement signaling; used to test the unidirectional or bidirectional frame loss rate from one MEP to another MEP.
u
DM: Packet delay and packet delay variation measurements signaling; used to test packet transport delay and delay variation from one MEP to another MEP, and test the total packet transport delay and delay variation of packets from MEP A to MEP B and that of pa ckets from MEP B to MEP A.
Other OAMs u
APS: Automatic protection switching signaling, defined by the ITU-T Rec. G.8131 / G.8132, transmitting the APS frame to the opposite end equipment to execute the protection switching operation.
u
MCC: Management communication channel signaling, defined by the G.VPIsmgmt, used to bear the MCC information.
u
SSM: Synchronization status message signaling, defined by the ITU-T G.8261, used to bear the SSM information.
u
EX: Experimental signaling, used to transmit frames out of experimental purpose in the administrative domain.
u
VS: Vendor specific signaling, used to transmit the specific functions of the OAM frame of the equipment provider.
u
CSF: Client signal fail signaling, used to transmit the fail signal of client layer at the source end of the MPLS-TP path to the sink end of the MPLS-TP path.
u 18
SCC: Transmits the control plane information from one MEP to the peer MEP. Version: A/1
3 Product Feature
3.2
QoS Feature The following introduces the QoS feature of the CiTRANS 650 U3. The CiTRANS 650 U3 provides the hierarchical end-to-end QoS management and the hierarchically differentiated and fine-grained transmission service based on stream for every user group, every user and every user service.
3.2.1
QoS Overview QoS is referred to as performance of data flows on a network and proposed to ensure end-to-end service quality. QoS does not contribute to increase of bandwidth but it can be used to allocate and monitor network resources properly to minimize network delay and jitter and ensure the quality of key services. QoS can be measured using the following indicators:
u
Service availability: time in which service running is guaranteed.
u
Delay: time spent in transmitting a packet between two reference points.
u
Jitter: time deviation in arrival of packets in a group transmitted via the same route.
u
Throughput: packet transmission rate, indicated by the average rate or peak rate.
u
3.2.2
Packet loss rate: maximum proportion of discarded packets.
QoS Capability The CiTRANS 650 U3 provides hierarchical end-to-end QoS management and high-quality differentiated transmission service, and also has a complete QoS scheduling mechanism.
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Traffic Bandwidth Control The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports the add / drop traffic bandwidth control policy of multiple layers as shown below: u
Traffic bandwidth control based on MPLS TUNNEL
u
Traffic bandwidth control based on PW
u
Traffic bandwidth control based on VPWS
u
Traffic bandwidth control based on VPLS-VS
u
Traffic bandwidth control based on VPLS emulation LAN
Service Priority Mapping The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports DiffServ. It completely implements PHB defined in the standard on the MPLS-TP network so that carriers can provide services of differentiated QoS levels for users. When forwarding data, the CiTRANS 650 U3 maps user priority and TMC layer priority carried in received packets to PHBs and maps PHBs in the transmitted packets to the TMC / TMP layer priority. The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports setting PHBs for VPWS, VPWS flows, VPLS-VS, and LAN ports emulated over VPLS. Users can either choose from the existing mapping table for the PHB and TMC priority level, or set a specific PHB service level.
Queue Buffer Management When network congestion occurs, the CiTRANS 650 U3 employs certain queue buffering management policies to preferentially ensure the QoS of services with high priorities. The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports two types of queue buffering management policies: tail drop and WRED. u Tail drop
When the queue is filled to its maximum capacity, the newly arriving packets are dropped until the queue has enough room to accept inbound traffic.
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u
WRED When the output buffer zone is below the START threshold, no data packet is discarded. When the output buffer zone is above the END threshold, all data packets are discarded. When the output buffer zone is between the START and END thresholds, the discarding rate is an average-queue-length function.
Queue Scheduling When congestion occurs, the CiTRANS 650 U3 uses different queue scheduling policies to guarantee the QoS of services with high priority. The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports two types of queue scheduling policies as follows: u
SP: Packets in queues are scheduled based on the queue priority. In this case, packets in a lower-priority queue are sent only when those in higher-priority queues are all sent.
u
WFQ: Queues are fairly scheduled based on their weights assigned. Queues with higher priority are assigned higher weights and therefore occupy more bandwidth. Similarly, queues with lower priority are assigned lower weights and therefore occupy less bandwidth.
3.2.3
QoS Mechanism Combined with the QoS technology of the MPLS-TP, the QoS mechanism includes traffic classification, traffic policing, marking, traffic shaping, queue scheduling, and congestion avoidance. u
Traffic classification: The traffic is a group of data message with the same feature and the classification of services can be based on the data message traffic. The purpose of traffic classification is to differentiate services, so as to facilitate the treatment of data message.
u
Traffic policing: One action is used after the traffic classification, used to limit the traffic rate of entering networks.
u
Priority marking: Provides priority making services for the designated message, and the marking contents include TOS, DSCP, 802.1p, MPLS EXP. The MPLSTP generally supports eight types of priorities according to the DiffServ specification.
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
u
Traffic shaping: Sets limits on the burst of traffic, so as to transmit the message traffic in an even rate and output the packet delay in the service traffic and comply with the rules in the service model.
u
Queue scheduling: When the congestion occurs, multiple messages compete for the use of resource. The way how the forwarding equipment in the network will implement the resource scheduling strategy decides the order of performing message forwarding, which is called the congestion management. The congestion management uses the queue mechanism and includes creation of queue, traffic classification deciding the queue belonging of the message, and the scheduling strategy among queues.
u
Congestion avoidance: Monitors the utilization status of network resource (such as queue or memory buffer) and uses the strategy of discarding the message actively when overloads are not serious in the network. Congestion avoidance is a kind of traffic strategy by reducing the network load to relieve or remove the network congestion. The random early detection RED discard algorithm can avoid the TCP global synchronization generally.
3.3
Clock Feature The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports the physical-layer clock synchronization mechanism and the IEEE 1588v2 time synchronization protocol, and uses one clock input / output interface to implement physical-layer clock synchronization.
3.3.1
Clock Signal Synchronization The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports physical-layer clock synchronization and 1588v2 time synchronization.
Physical-layer Clock Synchronization In physical-layer clock synchronization, clock information is extracted from the signals transmitted on physical channels for frequency synchronization. The CiTRANS 650 U3 can extract clock information from the following links: u E1 interface u FE interface 22
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u GE interface u 10GE interface u
STM-1 interface
The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports two channels of external clock source input and output. It can use clock interfaces of 75Ω and 120Ω, and provide stratum 3 clock sources of 2048 kHz / 2048 kbit/s (HDB3) coding externally. The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports three clock working modes for processing and transmitting SSM: locked, hold-over, and free running.
1588v2 Time Synchronization 1588v2 is a time synchronization protocol that provides an accuracy of nanoseconds and can meet the requirement of 3G base stations. The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports the following features of 1588v2: u
Supports clock and time synchronization using the 1588v2 protocol.
u
Supports three clock modes. Each port can be configured to work in desired mode. 4 Boundary clock mode 4 Ordinary clock mode 4 Transparent clock mode (including the end-to-end transparent clock and
the point-to-point transparent clock) u
3.3.2
Protection switching between synchronization reference sources.
Clock and Time Synchronization Technology The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports the synchronous Ethernet technology and 1588v2 time synchronization technology to implement clock and time synchronization. Below are the detailed introduction to these two technologies.
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
3.3.2.1
Synchronous Ethernet Technology
Background Information Synchronous Ethernet, shortened as SyncE, is a technology that physical layer (PHY) chip of the Ethernet bit steams are used to recover clocks of the Rx end. This mode is the same with the TDM clock recovery mode and can get the similar TDM clock precision, so as to realize the network clock synchronization. The clock synchronization quality of synchronous Ethernet is similar to those of a TDM network and can not be influenced by the network congestion, packet loss and delay. At present, the synchronous Ethernet only supports the transmission of the frequency signals but does not support the transmission of time signals. The Ethernet scheme is only applicable to the scenario which does not need the time synchronization.
Basic Concept Synchronization status information (SSM) algorithm is sourced from clock synchronization control of TDM. Its rules and clock selection algorithm comply with the ITU-T G.781 standard. SSM control of the synchronous Ethernet inherits the features of the TDM network. Ethernet synchronization message channels (ESMC) are added on the basis of the traditional clock network. An Ethernet synchronization message channel is a unidirectional broadcast protocol channel at the media access control (MAC) layer. It is used for transmitting SSMs between devices. The equipment selects the best clock source according to the SSM of the ESMC message.
Working Principle The clock transmission mechanism of the synchronous Ethernet is similar to that of the TDM network. That is, the clock is recovered from the Ethernet physical link. The quality of the recovered clock is not affected by service traffic on the link. Clock tree deployment and clock quality the same as those of the TDM/SONET network can be provided, meeting the timing interface specifications defined in the ITU-T G.823 standard. See Figure 3-2 for the principle of synchronous Ethernet.
24
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Figure 3-2
Synchronous Ethernet Working Principle
A high-precision timing signal is injected into the Ethernet clock processing module of equipment at the source side (NE1) and transmitted via line transmitting module as the system clock after being processed. The signal is extracted from the bit stream of equipment at the Rx side (NE2). The signal precision can be synchronous with the source end without loss in the process of transmission.
Network Application See Figure 3-3 for the synchronous network scheme of frequency synchronization.
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Figure 3-3
3.3.2.2
Frequency Synchronization Network Diagram
IEEE 1588v2 Time Synchronization
Background Information 1588v2 time synchronization involves coding time information in master/slave clock mode and implementing master/slave time synchronization by using the network symmetry and delay measurement technology.
26
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Process Before the 1588v2 technology is introduced, the time protocol, daytime protocol, and Network Time Protocol (NTP) are used for time synchronization on the packet network. The NTP is implemented completely via software, so its accuracy is relatively low. The NTPv3 (widely used currently) can reach an accuracy of approximately 10 ms. The IETF is standardizing NTPv4, which supports IPv6 and discovering a server dynamically, with the synchronization accuracy of 10 μ s. But the stability and accuracy of NTP cannot meet the telecommunication network requirements. 1588v2 is a unified method for providing time synchronization and frequency synchronization in the future. It applies to inter-exchange time and frequency transmission on different transport platforms. Frequencies can be transmitted unidirectionally in packet-based time transmission mode based on 1588v2 timestamps. Time synchronization can also be implemented by using the 1588v2 protocol, which is widely applied on unified switching devices.
Features and Advantages As shown in Table 3-2, 1588v2 has obvious advantages compared with traditional timing technologies. The accuracy is of ns level, the cost is low, and it can be used in different access conditions. 1588v2 has become an inevitable trend of development at the industrial background with increasingly higher accuracy requirements. Table 3-2 I t em Typical timing accuracy
GP S 20ns
Satellite coverage needed Locking time
Controllability
Version: A/1
30ns
10ns
Yes
Support
60ns
High
Low Support
No Medium
High High
No -
No
High
1 5 88 v2
100ns
No
High
Low Medium
A t o m i cC l o c k
60s
Low
Low Low
C NS S 100ns
No
No
supported
Reliability
Yes
edium M
Ethernet port
NTP 10ms
40s
Integrated cost
Security
1588v2 Clock Description
High
High
High Medium
High
Medium High 27
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Basic Concept u
PTP port status 4 MASTER: master clock port that transmits time synchronization
information to the downlink slave port. 4 SLAVE: slave clock port that receives the time synchronization information
sent from the uplink master port. u
1588v2 time synchronization node mode 4 Ordinary Clock: applicable to beginning equipment and terminal equipment.
one 1588 port is provided as the slave or master clock port. 4 Boundary Clock: applicable to intermediate nodes. Multiple 1588 ports are
provided, of which one serves as the slave clock port and others serve as the master clock ports. 4 Transparent Clock: generally used at the intermediate node of the network
to transmit the clock transparently. It transmits the time information transparently.
Figure 3-4
u
28
Time Synchronization Mode Diagram
BMC (Best Master Clock) algorithm
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The BMC algorithm is the core technology of the 1588v2 protocol. In the BMC algorithm, clock performance data is compared to determine the optimal clock in the local network, which serves as the master clock. u
Synchronization interface 4 1PPS&ToD interface: the time information is transferred via the1PPS&ToD
interface. The base station or other equipment needing the time information recovers the time information from this interface directly. The base station does not need to support the 1588v2 function. 4 Ethernet synchronization interface: The Ethernet interface supports the
PTP synchronization, including the FE and GE interfaces. This mode can support a long transmission distance, but the base station needs to support the PTP protocol and clock recovery functions.
Working Principle In 1588v2, the round trip delay of packets on the network is estimated to estimate the equipment clock deviation independently, thereby implementing time synchronization through master / slave synchronization. The operating principle of the NTP is described as follows: 1.
NE1 transmits a PTP packet to NE2, and record the time when this packet leaves NE1. The corresponding timestamp is t1.
2.
When this PTP packet reaches NE2, NE2 adds the timestamp of receiving this packet. The corresponding timestamp is Ts1.
3.
NE1 transmits the Follow_Up message to NE2, for notifying NE2 of the time t1.
4.
When this PTP packet leaves NE2, NE2 records the time t2 of this PTP packet leaving NE2.
5.
When NE1 receives the response packet, it adds a new timestamp Tm2. See Figure 3-5 for the entire synchronization process.
6.
The in-the-site equipment NE1 transmits the Follow_Up message to the in-thesite equipment NE2, for notifying NE2 of the time Tm2.
Version: A/1
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Figure 3-5
1588v2 Time Synchronization Principle Diagram
Users can calculate the delta-T (dt) and delay between NE1 and NE2 using the following formulas: u delta-T: dt=[(Ts1-t1)-(Tm2-t2)]/2 u Delay: Delay=[(Ts1-t1)+(Tm2-t2)]/2
Via the two key parameters, NE2 can synchronize with NE1.
Network Application See Figure 3-6 for the time synchronization network scheme based on the MPLS-TP.
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Figure 3-6
3.3.3
1588v2 Time Synchronization Network Diagram
Time Signal Synchronization Capability The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports two time signal synchronization modes: in-band (1588v2 interface) and out-of-band (1PPS&ToD interface). The performance specifications are as follows: u
In-band (1588v2 interface) mode 4 Supports OC and BC. A port can be set to Master or Slave. 4 Supports compensation for asymmetric path delay (the compensation step
is no more than 10ns); supports the configurable message transmitting interval and supports PTP parameter setting. Version: A/1
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
u
Out-of-band (1PPS&ToD) mode 4 ToD information: The default baud rate is 9600 without parity check. There
is one start bit (shown in low level) and one stop bit (shown in high level). Idle frames are high level and contain eight data bits each. The ToD information transmission occurs at 1ms after the rising edge of the 1 pps and completes within 500ms, and the ToD information labels the rise time of the current 1PPS. The transmitting frequency of the ToD protocol message is once per second. 4 1PPS: The rising edge is used as the on-time edge. The rise time is less
than 50ns. The pulse width is about 180ms. The time synchronization signals of the CiTRANS 650 U3 comply with the standards listed in Table 3-3. Table 3-3
Standards Applicable to the Time Synchronization Signal Design
N u m b er
Titl e Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for
IEEE 1588-2008 3GPP TR 25.836
3.4
Networked Measurement and Control Systems NodeB synchronization for TDD
Easy Maintenance The following introduces functions of the OTU card of the CiTRANS 650 U3. The OTU card has the wavelength tunability function, APR function, pluggable optical modules and supports remote software upgrade function. The EMS can automatically identify the card and the card can automatically store information about card operation and card failures.
3.4.1
Remote Software Upgrade of Cards Remote upgrading of the card software to a new version can be conducted via the EMS computer, which is convenient for the project start-up, equipment maintenance and system upgrading in the future.
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3.4.2
Automatic Identification of Cards via the EMS The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports the card bootstrap function. During the process of equipment start-up or capacity expansion, the network management system can automatically identify and monitor the newly installed cards inside the NE provided that it can monitor the NE management card. In this case, the pre-configuration of these cards via the network management system is not needed, which facilitates the equipment start-up and capacity expansion.
3.4.3
Automatic Storage of Card Operation and Fault Message When faults occur on the equipment, the card can promptly store various data and information concerning the failure for cause analysis. Users can obtain related data and information of faults by querying Log in the network management system.
3.4.4
Automatic Discovery of NEs The equipment management channel interoperability can be implemented when the equipment is in the delivery configuration mode. When the equipment is connected to the OTNM2000, NE information can be automatically created and the network topology be plotted on the OTNM2000. In this way, the connection of equipment to the OTNM2000 is simplified and automated, and the user experience is improved.
3.4.5
Prompt of Power Failure The prompt of power failure can be used to ascertain whether NE communication interruption is caused by fiber break or equipment power failure. In this way, the failure can be handled in a rapid and accurate way.
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
During engineering maintenance, both the power-failure of equipment and fiber cut of NE are displayed as NE communication interruption on the EMS. After the prompt of power failure is enabled, engineers can ascertain the detailed fault of the NE by checking whether a prompt alarm of power failure occurs on its neighboring NE. In this way, engineers can handle the fault in the shortest time.
3.5
Feature of Energy Saving And Emission Reduction The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports the following features of energy saving and emission reduction.
Product Design u
Improves the chip design to lower the power consumption.
u
Uses the high-efficient secondary power module.
u
Uses fully SFP+-based 10G optical module.
u
Enhances the card integration and reduces the single bit power consumption.
u
The cross-connect card supports the automatic power saving function, which disables the corresponding port if no cross-connect data occurs.
u
The optical module can automatically disables the laser to maintain the low power consumption when the fiber cut occurs or the service is not loaded.
Air Cooling Design u
The equipment provides two fan speed control modes: intelligent mode and manual mode.
u
Intelligent mode: The fan unit automatically adjusts the fan rotation speed according to the change of the equipment temperature.
u
Manual mode: The fan unit can work based on the rotational level set on the OTNM2000, including full speed in manual mode, fast speed in manual mode, slow speed in manual mode, and low speed in manual mode.
34
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3 Product Feature
Packing Design u
Provides the required packing, and the size of the equipment and accessories after being packed is no more than three times of that before packing.
u
The product packing can be easily disassembly. All the packing materials can be easily decomposed.
u
The plugs and connectors can be found easily. The operations can be implemented with common and simple tools.
u
The stickers of the equipment such as the labels can be easily removed.
u
The identifier information such as the silk screen is carved on the panel or subrack.
3.6
Intelligent Fan Feature The CiTRANS 650 U3 fan unit boasts the intelligent fan characteristics. After it is configured to the intelligent fan mode, the rotation speed of the fan will change according to the inner temperature of the equipment, so as to adjust the temperature on a real time and guarantee that all cards are working under the normal temperature. u
Fan intelligent control: Adjusts the fan rotation speed according to the subrack temperature when the equipment management card is present. Adjusts the fan rotation speed according to the ambient temperature when the equipment management card is not present. In this way, the air cooling of the equipment can be ensured and the requirements on low noise emission can be met.
u
Manual full speed / fast speed / slow speed / stop mode: Rotates at the speed configured manually.
Version: A/1
35
4
Product Structure The following introduces the architecture of the CiTRANS 650 U3, and includes the following contents.
Logical Structure Hardware Structure Software Architecture
36
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4 Product Structure
4.1
Logical Structure The CiTRANS 650 U3's functional modules include the service processing module, NE management module, clock module, cooling module and power module, as shown in Figure 4-1.
Figure 4-1
Functional Module Diagram
Service Processing Module The service processing module includes the client interface, line interface and unified switching core. The equipment is able to access multiple services via client side interfaces and line side interfaces. u
Client side: 10GE, GE, FE, E1 and STM-1.
u
Line side: 10GE, GE and STM-1.
Unified switching chip: Processes service signals accessed by the equipment.
NE Management Module The control and management module implements communications between cards via the internal bus of the system; supports transferring overhead information, manages card information and enables the card bootstrap.
Version: A/1
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
This module provides various management interfaces and auxiliary interfaces, including the Ethernet interface, network management interface, equipment commissioning interface and alarm interface, etc.
Clock and Time Control Module The clock and time control module supports physical-layer clock synchronization and time synchronization complying with 1588v2 / IEEE 802.1as. u
Supports processing and transmitting synchronization clock status information. The module receives external input clock sources through the external clock interface. After selecting the optimal clock source and synchronizing the phase lock for the optimal clock source, the module provides the system clock to other modules. It also provides clock signal output.
u
Supports time synchronization. The module receives time signals through the external time interface. It provides synchronous time to system modules and time signal output.
u
Supports extracting and processing synchronization signals and synchronization clock status information from the customer interface and line interface, meeting synchronization requirements of carrier-class network equipment.
Cooling Module The cooling module cools and dissipates heat for the system. It consists of the fan unit and intelligent fan control software. The functions are described as follows: u
Supports regional temperature detection and alarm within the subrack.
u
Supports the fan rotational speeds at full speed, fast, slow and stopped.
u
Supports manual configuration of the fan rotational speeds.
Power Module The power module provides power supply for various modules of the system. u
Provides two channels of -48V power supplies in active / standby mode.
u
Supports transient power interruption protection to prevent the system from being damaged by lightning.
38
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4 Product Structure
4.2
Hardware Structure The hardware of the CiTRANS 650 U3 includes the cabinet for housing subracks, and auxiliaries including Power Distribution Panels (PDPs), subracks, and cards.
4.2.1
Introduction to Cabinet The CiTRANS 650 U3 can be installed in the 19-inch cabinet, the 21-inch cabinet with front vertical mounting flanges or the 21-inch cabinet with rear vertical mounting flanges. Table 4-1 describes the information of each type of cabinet. Table 4-1
Ty p e
19-inch cabinet
Code
Cabinet Information D i m en s i o n s ( H × W × D ) ( m m )
W ei g h t ( k g )
4102596
1600×600×600
94
4102597
2000×600×600
109
4102598
2200×600×600
117
4102599
2600×600×600
134
4102589
1600×600×300
51
4102590 4102591
2000×600×300 2200×600×300
61 71
4102592
2600×600×300
76
4102661
1600×600×300
51
4102662
2000×600×300
61
4102663
2200×600×300
71
4102664
2600×600×300
76
A p p ea r an c e
Figure 4-2
21-inch cabinet with front vertical mounting flanges
21-inch cabinet with rear vertical mounting flanges
Version: A/1
Figure 4-3
Figure 4-4
39
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Figure 4-2
40
Appearance of the 19-inch Cabinet
Version: A/1
4 Product Structure
Figure 4-3
Version: A/1
Appearance of the 21-inch Cabinet with Front Vertical Mounting Flanges
41
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Figure 4-4
42
Appearance of the 21-inch Cabinet with Rear Vertical Mounting Flanges
Version: A/1
4 Product Structure
4.2.2
Equipment Layout The quantity of the CiTRANS 650 U3 subracks that can be installed in cabinets varies with the cabinet dimensions. To guarantee the normal air cooling and wiring, the installation of each part should follow the principles below. u
If the cabinet is not fully configured, arrange the subrack from the bottom up, and reserve the upper space for future capacity expansion.
u
For the CiTRANS 650 U3: 4 In a 19-inch cabinet: reserve a height of at least 2U (1U=44.45mm) above
and below the subrack respectively. 4 In a 21-inch cabinet: reserve a height of at least 100mm above and below
the subrack respectively.
4.2.3
PDP Used by the CiTRANS 650 U3 The following introduces the functions and appearance of the PDP (3000068) used by the CiTRANS 650 U3.
4.2.3.1
Appearance The appearance of the PDP (3000068) is shown in Figure 4-5.
Version: A/1
43
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Figure 4-5
Appearance of the PDP (3000068)
4.2.3.2
Function The PDP (3000068) mainly performs the functions of power supply distribution, alarm signal processing, lightning protection, and reverse polarity connection protection. It inducts external power and distributes it among other electrified equipment inside the cabinet. Meanwhile, the PDP receives the alarm signals from other equipment inside the cabinet, and then displays and outputs the alarm signals. The major functions of the PDP are as follows: u
Power distribution: Inducts two channels of -48V power (one active and one standby) from the external (e.g., the power cabinet) and provides three sets of redundant branch power rails (six branch power rails total). The maximum output current of a single channel of power is 32A.
Note: Refer to PDP296B User Guide for the detailed introduction to the input and output current of the PDP. 44
Version: A/1
4 Product Structure
u
Supports protection against reverse polarity connection.
u
Supports alarm signal processing: Receives alarm signals reported from the corresponding equipment via the three alarm convergence connectors, provides audio alarms for the signals, illuminates the cabinet-top indicator LEDs and outputs alarm signals to the upper layer equipment (such as the head of row cabinet).
u
Supports the lightning protection module alarm report: When the lightning protection module fails, the PDP outputs the lightning protection failure signals, and reports them to the network management system via the equipment.
u
Lightning protection: Effectively blocks the 4kV (under the common mode) / 2kV (under the differential mode) inductive lightning strike (1.2/50us to 8/20us combination wave) on the power cable.
4.2.4
CiTRANS 650 U3 Subrack The following introduces the function, structure and technical specifications of the CiTRANS 650 U3 subrack.
4.2.4.1
Function The subrack is used to hold various types of cards to achieve communication and data exchange between cards via the subrack backplane.
4.2.4.2
Structure The appearance of the CiTRANS 650 U3 subrack is shown in Figure 4-6.
Version: A/1
45
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
(1) Fan unit area
Figure 4-6
(2) Card area
(3) Mounting ear
Subrack Appearance
Table 4-2 describes each part of the subrack. Table 4-2 N u m b er (1)
Description of the Subrack Structure N am e Fan unit area
Desc r i p t i o n Located at the left part of the subrack, used for holding the fan unit Used for containing the service card, the core switch
(2)
Card area
and cross-connect card, and the power card to implement different functions of the equipment
(3)
4.2.4.3
Mounting ear
Used for securing the subrack in the cabinet
Slot Distribution Figure 4-7 shows the slot distribution of the CiTRANS 650 U3 subrack.
46
Version: A/1
4 Product Structure
Figure 4-7
Slot Distribution of the Subrack
Slots 1 to 10 are used for various types of service card, and the rest slots are only used for specific cards. See Table 4-3 for the corresponding relationship between the slots and cards. Table 4-3
Corresponding Relationship between Cards and Subrack Slots S l o t Ty p e
Slot
A p p l i c a b l e C a r d Ty p e
Slot for core switch and
11, 12
cross-connect card Slot for power card
13, 14 01 to 10
Slot for service card
SNCV1 Power card All service cards, e.g. other cards except for the SNCV1 card and power card
Note: It is recommended that the E1V1 and GSV4 cards be inserted in the slots 5, 6, 9 and 10 on the CiTRANS 650 U3.
4.2.5
Card Classification and Corresponding Slot The cards of the CiTRANS 650 U3 can be classified as the tributary/line interface card, power card, and core switch and cross-connect card according to functions; see Table 4-4 for the card classification.
Version: A/1
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Table 4-4
Category
Card Classification and Corresponding Slot
Card
Applicable Slot on the CiTRANS
Meaning
650 U3
XSV1
1-port 10GE interface card
1 to 10
XSV2
2-ports 10GE interface card
1 to 10
10G service card
MSV1
GSV4 GE/FE hybrid service card GSV3
ESV2
8-ports GE/FE interface optical
1 to 10
card 8-ports GE/FE interface electric
1 to 10
card 8-ports GE Optical Interface
1 to 10
Card 8-ports FE Optical Interface
1 to 10
Card
STM-1 service card
S1V1
4 STM-1 optical interface card
1 to 10
E1 service card
E1V1
32 port E1 line card with CES
1 to 10
Core switch and crossconnect card of the
SNCV1
Control switch unit (U3)
11, 12
CiTRANS 650 U3 Powercard Fan unit
PWR FAN
DC power card Fan unit
13, 14 15
Note: It is recommended that the E1V1 and GSV4 cards be inserted in the slots 5, 6, 9 and 10 on the CiTRANS 650 U3.
4.2.6
Positioning of Cards in the System Figure 4-8 shows the positioning of CiTRANS 650 U3 cards in the system.
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Figure 4-8
4.3
Positioning of Common Cards in the System
Software Architecture The CiTRANS 650 U3 software includes communication protocol and interface, the BMU software, the EMU software and the network management software.
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
4.3.1
Overview The CiTRANS 650 U3 uses a modularized software architecture. Its software consists of the BMU, EMU, and OTNM2000, which respectively run on the functional cards, the NE management card, and the network management host. The components work with each other to perform configuration, management, and monitoring for the equipment. The system software architecture is shown in Figure 4-9.
Figure 4-9
4.3.2
System Software Architecture
Communication Protocol and Interface The communication protocols and interfaces of the software modules are described as follows: u
The OTNM2000 provides the Q and CORBA interfaces. 4 The OTNM2000 communicates with the EMU through the Q interface. The
Q interface runs the FiberHome proprietary communication protocol.
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4 The OTNM2000 communicates with the upper-level management system
through the CORBA interface. u
NEs (EMUs) communicate with each other over the ESC, which is a physical channel. The applicable communication protocol is IP.
u
The EMU communicates with the BMU over the LAN. The applicable communication protocol is IP.
4.3.3
EMU Software The EMU software uses an embedded real-time multi-task operating system. Based on manager/agent model, the EMU software performs card management in an NE via a unified Ethernet bus. The functions of each module of the EMU software are described as follows: u
Management/Agent application module The management / agent application module includes the manager (M) and agent (A). At the NE layer, the NE management card may be designated as agent (A) or manager/agent (M/A) (providing management functions). 4 M/A: Serves as an agent of objects of the local NE and manages objects of
other managed NEs. The management function mainly involves maintaining remote objects. 4 A: Collects and processes performance, alarm / fault and status data of
each BMU in the local NE, and receives and responds to related commands and operations related to the local NE issued by the manager. The EML serves as a higher-level manager for managers at the NEL. u
Network communication protocol stack software The network communication protocol stack software performs management information exchange between the EMS and the NE and between various NEs.
u
Real-time operating system Uses an embedded real-time operating system to manage resources. The operating system assists the execution of programs, schedules tasks, performs storage management, manages peripheral devices, and implements communication among processes.
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
4.3.4
Network Management Software The OTNM2000 is developed based on Windows 2000 Server and consists of the data collection module, data processing module, graphical user interface (GUI) module, and database. The software architecture is shown in Figure 4-10.
Figure 4-10
OTNM2000 Software Structure
The modules are described as follows: u
The data collection module collects the alarm and performance data of managed objects. The data processing module analyzes and processes the collected data and then stores the data in the database. The OTNM2000 supports SQL database and Informix database.
u
The data processing module provides fault management, performance management, configuration management, and security management for the management module. u
The management module consists of two parts: configuration management and monitoring management.
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4 The configuration management part performs logical configuration,
physical configuration, service configuration, and area configuration. 4 The monitoring management part is the core of the OTNM2000. It provides
switch connection configuration, alarm query, performance query, and fault management.
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5
Service Application The following introduces the types of services provided by the CiTRANS 650 U3 and the network application for each type of service. It covers the following topics:
Ethernet Service CES Service Coarse-grained Private Line Service Base Station GE / FE Service Bearing
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5.1
Ethernet Service The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports multiple types of Ethernet services and provides an impeccable L2VPN solution. The VPN (Virtual Private Network) refers to the virtual private network provided for clients via the public network by network operators. Constructing the private network by utilizing the public network not only enables network operators to provide highperformance and low-cost carrier-class network for users, but also provides a good profiting mode for network operators themselves. But the traditional VPN has obvious shortcomings in the following aspects: VPN expansibility, security, management and maintenance, QoS and traffic engineering, so it cannot meet the requirements of clients adequately. To solve these problems, the L2VPN based on MPLS has emerged as the times require. The L2VPN not only eliminates the shortcomings of traditional IP network, frame relay and ATM network, but also has distinguished itself for following aspects: security, real time, broad band, convenience and low construction cost. Therefore, it can fully meet the requirements for VPN services of subscribers.
5.1.1
Service Type The CiTRANS 650 U3 provides three types of the Ethernet service.
5.1.2
u
Ethernet Private Line, i.e., E-Line service
u
Ethernet Private LAN, i.e., E-LAN service
u
Ethernet Private Tree, i.e., E-Tree service
Service Example The following introduces the three types of Ethernet services provided by the CiTRANS 650 U3 respectively via examples.
Example of E-Line Service Figure 5-1 shows an example of the E-Line service provided by the CiTRANS 650 U3. Version: A/1
55
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Company X has two branches in cities A and C, company Y has two branches in cities B and C, and company Z has two branches in cities A and B. The branches of each of the three companies need to exchange data. The CiTRANS 650 U3 can provide the private line service for three companies. Service data of different companies are distinguished using different VPWS tags, so that the requirements for communication and service data separation can be met at the same time.
Figure 5-1
Example of E-Line Service
Example of E-LAN Service Figure 5-2 shows an example of the E-LAN service provided by the CiTRANS 650 U3. The headquarters of Company K is in city C. Company K has the branch 1 deployed in cities A and B, and branch 2 deployed in cities A, B, and C. Branches 1 and 2 has no business contact and need to be isolated from each other. The headquarters needs to communicate with the branches and access the Internet.
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The CiTRANS 650 U3 is deployed to provide the E-LAN service for company K. Service data of different branches are labeled with different VPLS tags. In this way, data can be shared within a branch whereas data of different branches is isolated. The Internet access data of the headquarters is isolated from the internal service data through VPLS.
Figure 5-2
Example of E-LAN Service
Example of E-Tree Service Figure 5-3 shows an example of the E-Tree service provided by the CiTRANS 650 U3. The E-Tree service is a type of multipoint-to-point bidirectional convergence service. In the example, a 3G network is constructed for a carrier and services of key clients need to be aggregated and transmitted to the 3G core network. The FE/E1 services of key clients are accessed on nodes 1, 3, 5, and 9. Multiple services between key clients and the RNC are aggregated to the 3G core network through the E-Tree service between the CiTRANS 650 U3 and the CiTRANS 660.
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Figure 5-3
5.1.3
Example of E-Tree Service
Application Scenario The application scenario of the CiTRANS 650 U3 is shown in Figure 5-4. The CiTRANS 650 U3 is generally used in the trunk convergence nodes in the packet MAN, so as to realize the unified transmission and bearing for IP-based multiple services.
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Figure 5-4
Application Scenario
Besides the above application, the CiTRANS 650 U3 also supports the LTE service known as the next version of the mobile network. Compared with the existing 2G / 3G networks, the LTE has following advantages: u
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) improves the spectrum utilization and minimizes the terminal cost.
u
MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) improves link capacity and overcomes multipath interference.
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
u
The network structure becomes flat with advantage of high throughput and low latency.
See Figure 5-5 for the application of the CiTRANS 650 U3 in the LTE service. It still acts as the trunk convergence node. The eNodeB not only provides the functions of the srcinal NodeB but also provides the most functions (includes the physical layer, MAC layer, RRC, scheduling, access control, bearer control, access mobility management and Inter-cellRRM ) of the srcinal RNC (Radio Network Controller), and the srcinal backbone networks are merged and simplified into MME and SGW, so that the structure of the LTE network is optimized and is more reliable.
Figure 5-5
60
Application in the LTE Service
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5 Service Application
5.2
CES Service With the CES (Circuit Emulation Service) technology, the CES circuit switched data can be transparently transmitted in the packet transport network. The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports emulation transparent transmission of E1 service and STM-1 service.
5.2.1
Emulation Mode The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports CES in structured or non-structured emulation mode. In structured emulation mode: u
Can identify and process the frame structure and transmit signaling in CES frames.
u
Can identify frame structure of CES service. It may not transmit idle timeslot channels, but only extracts useful timeslots of CE devices from the E1 traffic stream and then encapsulates them into PW packets for transmission.
u
Can identify and transmit CAS and CCS in E1 traffic streams.
In non-structured emulation mode: u
Segments all CES services as bit streams and encapsulates them for transmission over a PW tunnel.
u
Can transparently transmit CES traffic data and synchronous timing information. SAToP completely disregards any structure, and PEs have no need to interpret the CES data or to participate in the CES signaling.
u
5.2.2
Is a simple way for transparent transmission of PDH bit-streams.
Service Clock CES services have high requirements for clock synchronization. The CiTRANS 650 U3 provides multiple CES service clock synchronization solutions to ensure transmission of the CES service clock. Below are multiple clock synchronization solutions. u
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System clock recovery 61
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
u
Differential clock recovery
u
Adaptive clock recovery
The following describes working principles of these clock synchronization solutions.
System Clock Recovery In system clock recovery, the Tx end that generates CES signals and the Rx end that extracts CES signals use the same network reference clock as the synchronization signal source. Figure 5-6 shows the work principle of system clock recovery.
Figure 5-6
Implementation Principle Diagram of System Clock Recovery
Differential Clock Recovery In differential clock recovery, the service Rx and Tx ends have the same public timing reference signal. The Tx end packetizes the synchronization signal on the service side and transmits the signal to the Rx end over the packet switched network. The Rx end then recovers the synchronization signal based on the public timing reference signal available on the Rx end. Figure 5-7 shows the working principle of differential clock recovery.
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Figure 5-7
Implementation Principle Diagram of Differential Clock Recovery
Adaptive Clock Recovery The adaptive clock recovery does not need the common reference clock. The Timing packet sent from the Tx end contains the coded value of the service clock, represented by Sequence number or Timestamp. The Rx end then recovers the clock by using the recovery algorithm based on the sequence number or timestamp. Figure 5-8 shows the working principle of adaptive clock recovery.
Figure 5-8
Version: A/1
Implementation Principle Diagram of Adaptive Clock Recovery
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
5.2.3
Application Scenario The CiTRANS 650 U3 implements CES services using the PWE3 technology. CES services are mainly applied in radio services and enterprise private line services. The CiTRANS 650 U3 is connected to the 2G / 3G station or enterprise private line through E1/channelized STM-1 line, and the equipment slices CES signals and encapsulates them into the data packet, finally transmits the packet to the opposite end via the MAN network through PW. See Figure 5-9.
Figure 5-9
5.3
Application Scenario of CES Service
Coarse-grained Private Line Service The CiTRANS 650 U3 can guarantee rapid service start-up and provisioning, and implements the following functions: u
Bears various types of coarse-grained private line services including GE, 10GE LAN, 10GE WAN and STM-1.
u
Bears fine-grained low-speed private line service such as FE and E1 as well to implement the idea of bearing private line service of different granularity over one network, so as to reduce the quantity of equipment and lower the maintenance cost.
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u
The equipment is compact, supports unified configuration GUI of any service, and supports rapid service deployment.
u
Works together with FiberHome large-scaled packet switching equipment to form an end-to-end scheme so as to reduce the back-to-back design, which is cost saving and highly reliable.
Figure 5-10 shows the application scenario of coarse-grained private line service of the CiTRANS 650 U3.
Figure 5-10
5.4
Application Scenario of Coarse-grained Private Line Service
Base Station GE / FE Service Bearing As for base stations with FE / GE service, the FE and GE services can be accessed to the CiTRANS 650 U3 directly. Figure 5-11 shows the the scenario of bearing base station GE / FE service using the mobile broadband of the CiTRANS 650 U3.
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Figure 5-11
66
Application Scenario of Base Station GE/FE Service Bearing
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6
Protection Implementation As telecommunication services develop and transport networks become increasingly large in scale, network stability, security, and reliability become the concern in the construction and operation of transport networks. These elements also become the hot spots in competition among carriers. The CiTRANS 650 U3 provides abundant protection functions to ensure normal service operation. The following introduces the protection mechanisms of the CiTRANS 650 U3 and includes these contents:
Equipment-Level Protection Network-level Protection Network Management Information Protection
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
6.1
Equipment-Level Protection The following introduces the equipment-level protection function of the CiTRANS 650 U3.
6.1.1
1+1 Protection for the Core Switch and Cross-connect Card
Introduction The core switch and cross-connect card of the CiTRANS 650 U3 is used to process and output clock and execute the protection switching.
Function Implementation When the CiTRANS 650 U3 are installed with two core switch and cross-connect cards (one active and one standby), only the active card works under normal conditions. When the active card is faulty, the standby card is notified of this event through the monitoring channel between them. Then the standby card becomes active to ensure normal operation of the equipment. After the srcinal active card resumes, it enters the standby state, forming 1+1 protection again.
Switching Trigger Conditions u
The hardware or software of the active card is faulty.
u
The switching command is delivered manually.
u
The active card is unplugged manually.
u
The active card is hard reset.
Protection Parameter See Table 6-1 for the 1+1 protection parameters of the core switch and crossconnect card.
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Table 6-1
1+1 Protection Parameters of the Core Switch and Cross-connect Card Description
Parameter
6.1.2
Card slot
CiTRANS 650 U3: SNCV1
Revert type
Non-revertive
11, 12
1+1 Protection for the Power Card The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports two channels of power input in hot standby mode. The equipment is supplied with power normally when either power input fails to ensure the normal operation of the equipment.
6.1.3
TPS 1:1 Protection for the E1 Card
Introduction The E1 card of the CiTRANS 650 U3 supports one 1:1 protection group with dedicated protection slot. Table 6-2 describes the corresponding relationship of the TPS 1:1 protection. Table 6-2 Eq ui p men t
Relationship of E1 Card Protection Slot
Sl o t f o r W o r k i n g Car d (Active)
CiTRANS 650 U3
9
Slot for Protection Card
Slot for Terminal Board
(Standby) 8
10
Function Implementation When the active card fails, services on the active card will be switched to the standby card, so as to guarantee the normal transmission of services.
Switching Trigger Conditions
Version: A/1
u
The protected working card is faulty.
u
The switching command is delivered manually to the protected working card.
u
The protected working card is unplugged manually.
u
The protected working card is reset.
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
6.2
Network-level Protection The following introduces the network-level protection function of the CiTRANS 650 U3.
6.2.1
LSP 1:1 Protection
Introduction In the LSP 1:1 protection mode, the protection path is used to protect the services transferred via the working path. When the working path fails, the services switch to the protection path. The service protected by the LSP 1:1 protection is single-fed and single-received.
Function Implementation In the LSP 1:1 protection mode, the protection path is used to protect the services transferred via the working path. The services are single-fed and single-received. Normally the service is transmitted via the working path except when the working path is faulty. The service will be switched to the protection path, so as to guarantee the normal service transmission. The APS protocol for the LSP 1:1 protection transmits the information about protocol status and switching status through the protection path. The equipment at both ends performs service switching according to protocol status and switching status. See Figure 6-1 for the LSP 1:1 protection.
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Figure 6-1
LSP 1:1 Protection Diagram
Note: u
The protection needs to be configured only in Node A and Node B, regardless of the path that the services pass.
u
When the working path is normal, the protection path can transfer additional service. When the working path fails and the service on the working path is switched to the protection path, the additional service will be interrupted. After the working path resumes to normal status, the additional service will restore as well.
Switching Trigger Conditions u
An intermediate node is disconnected with the power.
u
The working LSP path is faulty.
u
The switching command is manually delivered.
Protection Parameter Table 6-3 describes the parameters for the LSP 1:1 protection.
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Table 6-3
LSP 1:1 Protection Parameters
Parameter Switching type Revert type Switchover protocol Switching time (ms) Hold-off time (ms)
6.2.2
Description LSP 1:1 protection Revertive or non-revertive APS protocol ≤50
0 to 2550
PW APS Protection
Introduction PW APS protection includes PW redundancy protection and PW 1:1 protection, which are used in the scenario of same source and different sinks and the scenario of same source and same sink respectively. In both scenarios, when the working PW is faulty, the service will be switched to the protection PW which has been created beforehand, so as to protect the service.
Function Implementation Normally the service is single-fed and single-received, that is, the source end singlefeeds the service to the working PW, and the sink end single-receives the service from the working PW. When the working PW is faulty, the remote end will transmit the service to the protection PW, and the sink end receives service via the protection PW, so as to implement the service switching from the working PW to the protection PW. The PW APS protection uses APS protocol to coordinate the source and sink ends to implement the protection switching, switching hold-off and WTR functions. The APS protocol transmits protocol status and switching status via the protection PW. The equipment at both ends selects service path and performs service switching according to protocol statuses and switching statuses. See Figure 6-2 and Figure 6-3 for the PW APS protection.
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Figure 6-2
PW 1:1 Protection Diagram
Figure 6-3
PW Redundancy Protection
Switching Trigger Conditions u
The working PW path is faulty.
u
The switching command is manually delivered.
Protection Parameter Table 6-4 describes the parameters of the PW APS protection. Table 6-4
PW APS Protection Parameters
Parameter Switchingtype Revert type Switchover protocol Switching time (ms) Hold-off time (ms) WRT (min) Version: A/1
Description PWA PS protection Revertive or non-revertive APS protocol ≤50
0 to 2550 1 to12 (thedefaultvalue is 5) 73
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
6.2.3
Ethernet LAG Protection
Introduction Link Aggregation (LAG) refers to the kind of protection mode that binds a group of physical Ethernet interfaces with the same rate together, so as to form a logical interface to enhance bandwidth and provide link protection. The CiTRANS 650 U3 supports LAG protection of the Ethernet interface on the UNI side. LAG protection implements the following functions: u
Enhances the link availability: In the LAG, the members provide dynamic backup for each other. When any of the ports fails, the other ports will take over its work immediately. The process that a LAG starts the backup occurs only inside the LAG, irrelevant with the ports outside the group.
u
Increases the link capacity: An LAG can provide an economical method of enhancing the link’s transmission rate for the users. Via bundling multiple physical ports, users can obtain the data link with larger bandwidth without upgrading their current equipment. The capacity of this link is the sum of the capacity of all these physical links.
Protection Principle The Ethernet LAG protection allows the share of load among the ports; the ports of a LAG are not divided into active and standby ports. When any of the ports fails, the service message will be delivered to other ports for transmission. See Figure 6-4 for the Ethernet LAG protection supported by the CiTRANS 650 U3.
Figure 6-4
74
LAG Protection Principle
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6 Protection Implementation
Switching Trigger Conditions The LAG group member port is faulty.
Protection Parameter Table 6-5 describes the parameters for the Ethernet LAG protection. Table 6-5
Ethernet LAG Protection Parameters
P a r am e t er Aggregation mode
D es c r i p t i o n Based on source MAC, based on destination MAC, based on both the source and destination MAC
Revert type
6.3
Revertive
Network Management Information Protection
Introduction On the transport network, network management information is transmitted over the supervisory channel. Usually the supervisory channel and the main channel are the same physical channel. When the main channel fails, the supervisory channel also fails. Therefore, a protection channel must be provided for transmitting network management information. On a ring network, when a transmission segment such as the optical fiber fails, network management information is automatically transmitted over the supervisory channel in the other direction. This does not affect network management. Figure 6-5 shows the automatic backup of network management information channels in a ring network.
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Figure 6-5
Backing up Network Management Information Channel of Ring Network (Transmission of a Section Fails)
If both ends of a site on an optical fiber segment fail, or an optical fiber segment in a point-to-point network or chain network fails, the supervisory channels for network management information also fail. The network administrator cannot obtain information about failed sites or operate these sites. To avoid such problems, a protection channel must be deployed for network management information.
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Function Implementation The CiTRANS 650 U3 can provide a protection channel for network management information through the data communication network. Between two NEs to be protected, a unified switching equipment is configured and connected to the data communication network to establish a protection channel. When the network runs properly, network management information is transmitted over the main channel. See Figure 6-6.
Figure 6-6
Backing up Network Management Information Channel (Normal)
When the main channel becomes faulty, the NE automatically switches over the network management information to the protection channel. This ensures that the network management system monitors the entire network. The switchover process is completed automatically without manual intervention. Figure 6-7 shows backup of network management channels.
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Figure 6-7
Backing up Network Management Information Channel (Active Channel Fails)
Note: In the network planning, the protection management channel and the working channel should use different routes, so as to implement the backup function.
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Security Management Security management involves authenticating operators that access the network management system to prevent unauthorized operators from accessing network resources and the equipment. The following introduces the security management of the network management system of the CiTRANS 650 U3 and includes the following contents:
Access Control User Level and Permission Management Data Security Log Management
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
7.1
Access Control Access control involves user registration and login management, management area division, access time restriction, and remote access management. Access control aims to prevent unauthorized users from accessing network resources, including the OTNM2000. u
To log in to the OTNM2000, an operator must enter the user name and password. After the system confirms the user name and password, the operator can finally log in to the system. The purpose is to check whether the operator is a legal user and has corresponding authority, so as to guarantee that only the authorized operators can access the management system.
u
The managed devices are distributed in different areas, and operators are granted permission based on management area and management function. Only the authorized operators can access the specified area and can play the management role only in the authorized area. Areas can be added and modified as required.
u
The access time of users can be set as required. For example, operators are
u
The OTNM2000 supports user management, including adding, modifying, and
allowed to log in to the OTNM2000 at specified time periods. deleting users. New users can be registered, and existing users can be modified or deleted.
7.2
User Level and Permission Management To prevent unauthorized operations, the OTNM2000 assigns different operation permission to users of different levels. There are four levels of users. Users of different levels have different management permission. Each user is assigned proper management permission. A user of a higher level has all authorities of a user of a lower level.
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Advanced User The system administrator is an advanced user and has permission to configure and modify network resources. The system administrator manages the OTNM2000, and can perform security management operations including controlling the network, setting passwords for users, adding, modifying or deleting users, and performing log management. u
Add, modify (user name and password), and delete lower-level users, and save project configuration data.
u
View and delete logs.
u
Deletes alarm records.
u
Grant the management scope of a user.
u
Delete historical performance records.
Intermediate User Intermediate users are system maintenance users responsible for system routine maintenance. They can add or delete users of a lower level and can access and back up data in the management information library. Intermediate users are entitled to access the cross-connection screen. u
Maintain the OTNM2000, perform cross-connect configuration for the equipment, and deliver commands from the OTNM2000 to the equipment.
u
Access and back up data in the database, including alarms, performance data, log reports, and documents of lower-level users.
u
Set alarm filter, performance shielding, and performance threshold.
u
Control the cross-connect connection.
Operational User Operational user is system operation user. They can only monitor the alarm status of the system, observe and view performance monitoring results. Operational user can monitor various detection results, including viewing card configuration data and active configuration data.
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Limited User Limited user can monitor the alarm status of the system, observe and browse performance monitoring results, and view reports. Limited user can only read data and cannot access sensitive configuration data. u
Monitor alarms, performance, and status of the system, observe and browse performance results. Handle alarms, such as alarm confirmation.
u
7.3
Read and browse data rather than perform any operations on the OTNM2000.
Data Security The security mechanism enables the OTNM2000 to ensure the data security, data integrity and confidentiality and implement database security management. u
Data integrity: Data is transmitted to the destination without corruption or loss. Data at a specific time can be backed up completely and used for data restoration when necessary.
u
Data confidentiality: Data is protected and unauthorized users can not obtain the data.
u
Database security management: Data or files in the database can be backed up to peripheral storage devices to ensure security of the OTNM2000.
7.4
Log Management Logs are operation records. After a security event occurs, logs can be used to trace and inspect the event to find out the cause of the system security breach. Logs automatically record login activities and key operations of users. Log management supports the following functions:
82
u
Records operator identities, login time, login location, operation type and operation result.
u
Reads, queries, backs up and deletes operation logs.
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Technical Specifications The following introduces various technical specifications of the CiTRANS 650 U3.
System Performance Specifications Subrack Specifications Card Specifications Applicable Standard Environmental Requirement
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CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
8.1
System Performance Specifications Table 8-1 lists the system performance specifications of the CiTRANS 650 U3. Table 8-1
System Performance Specifications Specification of CiTRANS 650 U3
Item MACaddress Bi-directional LSP
32K 1K
Bi-directional PW
1K
VPWS
1K
VPLS
256
VLAN
4K
Jumbo frame
9600 bytes Slot for cross-connect card: 2 (1+1 protection mode) Slot for service card: 10
Slot distribution
Slot for power card: 2 (1+1 protection mode) Packet cross-connect capacity
100/160 Gbps Equipment-level protection: 1+1 protection for the core switch and cross-connect card, 1+1 protection for the power card,
Protection mode
TPS 1:1 protection for the E1 card Network-level protection: LSP 1:1 protection, PW APS protection, Ethernet LAG protection E1 to 10G full rates, including E1, STM-1, FE, GE, 10GE
Service
8.2
Subrack Specifications See Table 8-2 for the subrack specifications of the CiTRANS 650 U3. Table 8-2
Subrack Code CiTRANS650U3
8.3
Subrack Specifications
D i me n s i o n s ( H × W × D ) ( m m) 153.2×480×225
We i g h t ( k g ) 6
P o w e r C o n s u mp t io n ( W ) 800
Card Specifications The following introduces the specifications, mechanical parameters and power consumption of the cards of the CiTRANS 650 U3.
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8.3.1
Dimensions, Weight, Power Consumption and Slot of Cards Table 8-3 describes the dimensions, weight, power consumption and slot of the cards of the CiTRANS 650 U3. Table 8-3
Card Name PWR (CiTRANS 650 U3)
Card Specifications
Dimensions (H×W×D)
Weight (kg)
(mm) 20.2×95.5×209
FAN (CiTRANS 650 41.6×145.8×217 U3)
0.332
1.114
Power
Applicable Slot on the
Consumption (W)
CiTRANS 650 U3
13, 14
5
150 1.134
15 90
11, 12
SNCV1
20.2×288.5×205.8
XSV1
20.2×192×205.8
0.445
18
XSV2
20.2×192×205.8
0.465
20
1to10
MSV1
20.2×192×205.8
0.794
21
1to10
GSV3
20.2×192×205.8
0.794
25.2
1to10
ESV2
20.2×192×205.8
0.794
25.2
1to10
GSV4
20.2×192×205.8
0.780
21
1to10
E1V1
20.2×192×205.8
0.435
15
1to10
S1V1
20.2×192×205.8
0.536
20
1to10
1to10
Note: It is recommended that the E1V1 and GSV4 cards be inserted in the slots 5, 6, 9 and 10 on the CiTRANS 650 U3.
8.3.2
Specifications of the XSV1 / XSV2 Card Table 8-4 describes the interface specifications of the XSV1 / XSV2 card.
Version: A/1
85
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Table 8-4
XGE Interface Specifications Specification
Item Optical interface type
10GBASE-LR/W
10GBASE-ER/W
10GBASE-ZR/W
(10km)
(40km)
(80km)
Transmission distance (km) 10 Transmitting optical power
40
80
-6to-1
-4.7to4
0to4
(dBm) Central wavelength (nm)
1290 to 1330
Minimum overload power -1 (dBm) Maximum receiving
-1
-15.8
Extinction ratio range (dB)>4
8.3.3
1530 to 1565
-7
-14
sensitivity (dBm)
1530 to 1565
-24
>3
>9
Specifications of the MSV1/GSV3/ESV2 Card Table 8-5 and Table 8-6 describe the interface specifications of the MSV1/GSV3/ ESV2 interface. Table 8-5
Specifications of GE Optical Interface Specification
Item Optical interface type
1000BAS-
1000BAS-
1000BAS-
1000BASE-
1000BAS-
E-SX
E-LX
E-VX
ZX1
E-EX
Source type
MLM
Target distance
550m
MLM
SLM
10km
SLM
40km
SLM
80km
40km
-2to3
-5to0
Mean launched power -9.5to4
(dBm) Central wavelength (nm)
-8to-3
770 to 860
Overload optical power 0 (dBm)
-3
Minimum extinction ratio (dB)
86
9
1275 to
1500 to
1275 to
1350
1350
1580
1350
≤-25
≤-23
≤-20
≤-17
9
1275 to
-3
Receiving sensitivity (dBm)
-2to3
9
-3
≤-23
-3
99
Version: A/1
8 Technical Specifications
Table 8-6
Specifications of FE Optical Interface
I t em
S p ec i f i c at i o n
Optical interface type
100BAS-
100BAS-
100BAS-
100BAS-
100BAS-
100BAS-
E-FX
E-FX
E-FX
E-LX
E-EX
E-ZX
Target distance (km)15 Source type
SLM
Mean launched power (dBm)
80
SLM
-14 to -8
15
SLM
-4 to 0
40
80
MLM
-4 to 0
MLM
-15 to -8
SLM
-5 to 0
-5 to 0
Central wavelength
1265 to
1265 to
1480 to
1265 to
1265 to
1480 to
(nm)
1360
1360
1580
1360
1360
1580
-8
-10
Overload optical
-8
-10
-10
Receiving sensitivity -31 (dBm)
-37
-37
power (dBm)
Minimum extinction ratio (dB)
8.3.4
40
8.5
10.5
≤-28
10.5
8.2
-10
≤-34
10
≤-34
10
Specifications of the GSV4 Card Table 8-7 describes the interface specifications of the GSV4 card. Table 8-7
Electrical Interface Specifications of the GSV4 Card
I t em Module Type Interface Type Interface rate
10/100/1000Base-T RJ-45 10/100/1000Mbit/s auto negotiation
Transmission media
CAT-5 twisted pair
Standard compliance
IEEE Std 802.3TM-2002
Transmissiondistance Working temperature range
8.3.5
S p e c i f i c at i o n
100m 0℃ to 70 ℃
Specifications of the E1V1 Card Table 8-8 describes the interface specifications of the E1V1 card.
Version: A/1
87
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Table 8-8
E1 Interface Specifications
Item
Specification
Nominal bit rate (kbit/s)
2048
Bit rate accuracy
±50 ppm (±102.4 bit/s)
Code
HDB3 All marks of a valid signal conform to the mask in
Pulse shape (nominal rectangle)
ITU-T Rec. G.703 irrespective of the sign. Pair(s) in each direction
One coaxial pair
Test load impedance ( Ω)
75
One symmetrical pair
120
Nominal peak voltage of a mark (pulse) 2.37 (V)
3
Peak voltage of a space (no pulse) (V)0±0.237 Nominal pulse width (ns)
0±0.3
244
Ratio of the amplitudes of positive and negative pulses at the center of a pulse
0.95 to 1.05
interval Ratio of the widths of positive and negative pulses at the nominal half
0.95 to 1.05
amplitude
8.3.6
Jitter at input and output interfaces
ITU-T Rec. G.823 compliant
Allowed input attenuation
0 to 6 dB (1024 kHz)
Specifications of the S1V1 Card Table 8-9 describes the interface specifications of the S1V1 card. Table 8-9
STM-1 Interface Specifications
I t em
Un i t
Nominalbitrate
kbit/s
Application code
Specification 155520
-
S-1.1
L-1.1
L-1.2
Operating wavelength range Target distance
km Maximum RMS width (s)
Transmitter at reference point S
Minimum side mode
1265 to 1360 40
nm
Maximum -20dB spectral widthnm
suppression ratio
88
nm 15 7.7
-
1480 to 1580 -
3
dB
1265 to 1360 80
1 -
30
Version: A/1
8 Technical Specifications
Table 8-9
STM-1 Interface Specifications (Continued)
I t em
Specification
Un i t Maximum mean launched power dBm
-8
Minimum mean launched power dBm
0
-14
-4
Minimumextinctionratio
dB
8.5
Optical path
Attenuation range
dB
0to12
between S and R
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
Minimum sensitivity (BER ≤10-12 ) dBm 10-12 ) dBm
Receiver at
Minimum overload (BER
reference point
Maximum optical path penalty dB
R
≤
Maximum reflectance of
dB
receiver, measured at R
-4 10.5 10to28
10.5 10to28
96
246
NA
-31
-37
-37
-8 1
0
-10 1 NA
-10 1 NA
-25
Note 1: Minimum sensibility refers to the sensibility of the receiver when its service life ends. Therefore, the sensibility of the receiver must be 3 dB higher than the minimum sensibility. Note 2: NA means no requirement.
8.4
Applicable Standard The following introduces the standards that the CiTRANS 650 U3 complies with.
8.4.1
International Standards The CiTRANS 650 U3 complies with the international standards listed in Table 8-10. Table 8-10
International Standards
Service Related Standard IEEE 802.3-2012 IEEE 802.1Q
Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) access method and physical layer specifications Virtual bridged local area networks
IEEE 802.1ag
Connectivity fault management
IEEE1588V2
PTP
IEEE 802.3ah
Ethernet in the First Mile
RFC 5317 RFC 5586 Version: A/1
Description
Joint Working Team (JWT) Report on MPLS Architectural Considerations for a Transport Profile MPLS Generic Associated Channel 89
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Table 8-10
International Standards (Continued)
Service Related Standard RFC 5654
Requirements of an MPLS Transport Profile
RFC 5659
An Architecture for Multi-Segment PWE3
RFC 5718
An In-Band DCN For the MPLS Transport Profile
RFC 5860 RFC 4664 ITU-T G.1730 ITU-T G.1731 ITU-T G.8112
Requirements for Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) in MPLS Transport Networks Framework for layer 2 virtual private networks (L2VPNs) Requirements for OAM functions in Ethernet based networks and Ethernet services OAM functions and mechanisms for Ethernet based networks Interfaces for the transport MPLS (MPLS-TP) hierarchy
ITU-T G.8113.1
OAM for MPLS-TP
ITU-T Y.1711
Operation & Maintenance mechanism for MPLS networks
ITU-T Y.1720
Protection switching for MPLS networks
ITU-T Y.1561
Performance and availability parameters for MPLS networks
ITU-T G.8110
MPLS layer network architecture
ITU-T G.8110.1
Application of MPLS in the transport network
ITU-T G.8121
Characteristics of transport MPLS equipment functional blocks
ITU-T Y.1710
Requirements for OAM functionality for MPLS networks
RFC 2702
Requirements for traffic engineering over MPLS
RFC 2205 RFC 3031 RFC 3032
Resource Reservation protocol (RSVP)-version 1 functional specification MPLS architecture MPLS label stack encoding
RFC 3036
LDP specification
RFC 3037
LDP applicability
RFC 3209
Extensions to RSVP for LSP tunnels
RFC 3210
Applicability statement for extensions to RSVP for LSP tunnels
RFC 3215
LDP state machine
RFC 3443
RFC 3477 RFC 3478
90
Description
Time to live (TTL) processing in multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) networks Signalling unnumbered links in resource Reservation protocol - traffic engineering (RSVP-TE) Graceful restart mechanism for label distribution protocol
Version: A/1
8 Technical Specifications
Table 8-10
International Standards (Continued)
Service Related Standard RFC 3612
RFC 3815 RFC 3936
Description Applicability statement for restart mechanisms for the label distribution protocol (LDP) Definitions of managed objects for the multiprotocol label switching (MPLS), label distribution protocol (LDP) Procedures for modifying the resource reservation protocol (RSVP)
RFC 4090
Fast reroute extensions to RSVP-TE for LSP tunnels
RFC 4182
Removing a restriction on the use of MPLS explicit NULL
RFC 4201
Link bundling in MPLS traffic engineering (TE)
RFC 3609
Tracing requirements for generic tunnels
RFC 5086
Structure-Aware Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) Circuit Emulation Service over Packet Switched Network
RFC 3916
Requirements for pseudo-wire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3)
RFC 3985
Pseudo wire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3) architecture
RFC 4197
RFC 4385
Requirements for edge-to-edge emulation of time division multiplexed (TDM) circuits over packet switching networks Pseudowire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3) control word for use over an MPLS PSN
RFC 4446 RFC 4447
RFC 4448
RFC 4720
RFC 4553
RFC 5086
RFC 5085
Pseudowire setup and maintenance using the label distribution Protocol (LDP) Encapsulation methods for transport of Ethernet over MPLS networks Pseudowire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3) frame check sequence retention Structure-agnostic time division multiplexing (TDM) over packet (SAToP) Structure-Aware Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) Circuit Emulation Service over Packet Switched Network (CESoPSN) Pseudowire Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification (VCCV): A
draft-ietf-pwe3-ms-pw-
Control Channel for Pseudowires An architecture for multi-segment pseudo wire emulation edge-to-
arch-02
edge
RFC 4541
ITU-T Y.1291
Version: A/1
IANA allocations for pseudowire edge to edge emulation (PWE3)
Considerations for internet group management protocol (IGMP) and multicast listener discovery (MLD) snooping switches An architectural framework for support of quality of service (QoS) in packet networks 91
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Table 8-10
International Standards (Continued)
Service Related Standard RFC 3289 RFC 3644 RFC 3670 RFC 2212 RFC 2474 RFC 2475
Management information base for the differentiated services architecture Policy quality of service (QoS) Information model Information model for describing network device QoS datapath mechanisms Specification of guaranteed quality of service Definition of the differentiated services field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 headers An architecture for differentiated services
RFC 2597
Assured forwarding PHB group
RFC 2697
A single rate three color marker
RFC 2698
A two rate three color marker
RFC 3140
Per hop behavior identification codes
RFC 3246
An expedited forwarding PHB (Per-hop behavior)
RFC 3270
RFC 3564
RFC 4124
RFC 4125
RFC 4127
RFC 4128
RFC4717
RFC4816
Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) support of differentiated services Requirements for support of differentiated services-aware MPLS traffic engineering Protocol extensions for support of diffserv-aware MPLS traffic engineering Maximum allocation bandwidth constraints model for diffserv-aware MPLS traffic engineering Russian dolls bandwidth constraints model for diffserv-aware MPLS traffic engineering Bandwidth constraints models for differentiated services (Diffserv)aware MPLS traffic engineering Encapsulation Methods for Transport of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) over MPLS Networks Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Asynchronous
RFC2684
Transfer Mode (ATM) Transparent Cell Transport Service Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5
ITU-T G.703
Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces
ITU-T G.773
ITU-T G.957 92
Description
Protocol suites for Q-interfaces for management of transmission systems Optical interfaces for equipments and systems relating to the synchronous digital hierarchy Version: A/1
8 Technical Specifications
Table 8-10
International Standards (Continued)
Service Related Standard G.652 (2000)
Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre and cable
ITU-T G.653 (2000)
ITU-T G.655 (2000)
ITU-T G.661 (2001) ITU-T G.662 (1998) ITU-T G.663 (1998) ITU-T G.671 (2000)
Characteristics of a dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable Characteristics of a non-zero dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable Definitions and test methods for the relevant generic parameters of optical amplifier devices and subsystems Generic characteristics of optical amplifier devices and subsystems Application-related aspects of optical amplifier devices and subsystems Transmission characteristics of passive optical components
ITU-T G.692 (1999)
Optical interfaces for multichannel systems with optical amplifiers
ITU-T G.693 (2002)
Optical interfaces for intra-office systems
ITU-T G.959.1
Optical transport network physical layer interfaces
ITU-T G.hao
Hitless adjustment of ODUflex (GFP)
ITU-T G.805
Generic functional architecture of transport networks
ITU-T G.7041 ITU-T G.8264 IEEE 802.3-2005
8.4.2
Description
Generic framing procedure Distribution of timing information through packet networks Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications
Safety Standards of Laser The CiTRANS 650 U3 complies with the laser safety standards listed in Table 8-11. Table 8-11 Standard
Description
IEC60825-1
Safety of laser products-Part1: Equipment classification, requirements and user's guide
IEC60825-2
Version: A/1
Safety Standards of Laser
Safety of laser products-Part2: Safety of optical fiber communication systems
93
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
8.4.3
Relevant Safety Standards The CiTRANS 650 U3 complies with the safety standards listed in Table 8-12. Table 8-12
Relevant Safety Standards
S t an d a r d
D es c r i p t i o n
IEC 60215
Safety requirements for radio transmitting equipment Safety of Information Technology Equipment. Including Electrical
EN 60950-1
Business Equipment Safety of Information Technology Equipment. Including Electrical
IEC 60950-1
Business Equipment
CAN/CSA-C22.2 No
Safety of Information Technology Equipment Including Electrical
60950-1
Business Equipment 3:rd edition Safety of Information Technology Equipment
UL 60950-1
Including Electrical Business Equipment
IEC Publication 479-1
Guide on the effects of current passing through the human body
IS 8437 {1993}
Guide on the effects of current passing through the human body
IS 13252 {1993}
8.4.4
Safety of information technology equipment including electrical business equipment
Relevant EMC Standards The CiTRANS 650 U3 complies with the EMC standards listed in Table 8-13. Table 8-13
Relevant EMC Standards
Standard EN 55022
EN 55024
IEC 61000-3-2
Description Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement Information technology equipment - Immunity characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement Electromagnetic compatibility - Limits - Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current ≤ 16 A per phase) Electromagnetic compatibility - Limits - Limitation of voltage
IEC 61000-3-3
changes, voltage fluctuation and flicker in public low voltage supply systems, for equipment with rated current
≤ 16A
per phase and not
subject to conditional connection IEC 61000-4-2
94
Testing and measurement techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test Version: A/1
8 Technical Specifications
Table 8-13
Relevant EMC Standards (Continued)
Standard IEC 61000-4-3
IEC 61000-4-4
IEC 61000-4-5 IEC 61000-4-6
EN 61000-4-8
Description Testing and measurement techniques-Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test Testing and measurement techniques-Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test Testing and measurement techniques-Surge immunity test Testing and measurement techniques-Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields Electromagnetic compatibility-Testing and measurement techniques-Power frequency magnetic field immunity test Electromagnetic compatibility-Testing and measurement
IEC 61000-4-11
techniques-Voltage dips, short interruption and voltage variations immunity tests
IEC 61000-4-29
Testing and measurement techniques-Voltage dips, short interruptions Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
ETSI EN 300 386
Telecommunication network equipment; Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements
ETSI EN 201468
Elecromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Additional ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) telecommunications equipment for enhanced availability of service in specific applications Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
ETSI EN 300127
Radiated emission testing of physically large telecommunication systems
ETSI EN 300-132-2
GR 1089 CORE
ITU T K.20
8.4.5
Power supply interface at the input to telecommunications equipment; Part 2: Operated by direct current (dc) Electromagnetic compatibility and electrical safety - generic criteria for network telecommunications equipment Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in installed in a telecommunications centre
Relevant Environment Standards The CiTRANS 650 U3 complies with the environment standards listed in Table 8-14.
Version: A/1
95
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Table 8-14
Relevant Environment Standards
Standard
Description Environmental Engineering (EE) Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment
ETSIEN300019-1-1
Part 1-1: Classification of environmental conditions: Storage Class 1.1: Weather protected, partly temperature-controlled storage locations Class 1.2: Weather protected, not temperature-controlled storage locations Environmental Engineering (EE) Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment
ETSIEN300019-1-2
Part 1-2: Classification of environmental conditions: Transportation Class 2.1: Very careful transportation Class 2.2: Careful transportation Environmental Engineering (EE) Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment
ETSIEN300019-1-3
Part 1-3: Classification of environmental conditions: Stationary use at weather protected locations Class 3.1: Temperature-controlled locations Class 3.2: Partly temperature-controlled location
IEC60068-2 IEC60721-2-6
Basic Environmental Testing Procedures Environmental conditions appearing in nature-Earthquake vibration Classification of environmental conditions-Part 3:
IEC60721-3-1
Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities-Section 1: Storage Classification of environmental conditions-Part 3:
IEC60721-3-3
Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their severities-Section 3: Stationary use at weather protected locations Equipment Engineering (EE)
ETSIEN300753
NEBSGR-63-CORE
ROHS
96
Acoustic noise emitted by telecommunications equipment Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) Requirements: Physical Protection Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substance in electrical and electronic equipment.
Version: A/1
8 Technical Specifications
8.4.6
Grounding Standards The CiTRANS 650 U3 complies with the grounding standards listed in Table 8-15. Table 8-15
Grounding Standards
S t an d a r d
Desc r i p ti o n
ETS300253
Earthing and bonding of telecommunication equipment in telecommunication centres
GR1089CORE
8.4.7
Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electrical Safety-Generic Criteria for Network Telecommunications Equipment
Noise Standards The CiTRANS 650 U3 complies with the noise standards listed in Table 8-16. Table 8-16
Noise Standards
S t an d a r d
8.4.8
D es c r i p t i o n
ETSIEN300753
Acoustic noise emitted by telecommunications equipment
NEBSGR63-CORE
NEBS Physical Protection
Fire Prevention Standards The CiTRANS 650 U3 complies with the fire prevention standards listed in Table 8-17. Table 8-17
Fire Prevention Standards
Standard
Description
EN60950-1(Europe)
Safety of information technology equipment
ANSI/UL60950 CAN/CSA-C22.2No.950-95(NorthAmerica)
Version: A/1
Safety of information technology equipment Audio, Video and Similar Electronic Equipment
IEC60950(International)
Safety of information technology equipment
73/23/EEC(Europe)
Low Voltage Directive
97
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
8.4.9
Relevant Packaging Standards The CiTRANS 650 U3 complies with the packaging standards listed in Table 8-18. Table 8-18
Relevant Packaging Standards
Standard ISO 780:1997 ISO 2234:2000
ISO 2247:2000
ISO 2248:1985
Description Packaging-pictorial marking for handling of goods Packaging - Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads - Stacking tests using a static load Packaging - Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads - Vibration tests at fixed low frequency Packaging - Complete, filled transport packages - Vertical impact test by dropping
ISO 3394:1984
Dimensions of rigid rectangular packages - Transport packages
ISO 3676:1983
Packaging - Unit load sizes - Dimension
ISO 4178:1980
ISO 4180:1980
ETSI EN 300 019-2-3 v2.1.2
ISTA 1A
ISTA 2A
Complete, filled transport packages - Distribution trials Information to be recorded Complete, filled transport packages - General rules for the compilation of performance test schedules Environment conditions and environmental test for telecommunications equipment Non-Simulation Integrity Performance Test: Procedure Packaged-Products 150 lb (68 kg) or Less Partial-Simulation Performance Test: Procedure Packaged-Products 150 lb (68 kg) or Less General Simulation Performance Test:
ISTA 3A
Procedure Packaged-Products for Parcel Delivery System Shipment 70 kg (150 lb) or Less
8.5
Environmental Requirement The following introduces the operating, storage and transport environment requirements of the equipment.
98
Version: A/1
8 Technical Specifications
8.5.1
Operating Environment
Climate Table 8-19 and Table 8-20 describe the requirements on climate when the equipment is operating. Table 8-19
Requirements on Equipment Operating Humidity and Temperature
Tem p e r a t u r e Long-term operating temperature: -5°C to 50° C Short-term operating temperature: -10°C to 55°C
R el at i v eH u m i d i t y Long-term operating humidity: 5 ％ to 85 ％
Short-term operating humidity: 5 ％ to 90%
Note: u
If the equipment is installed inside the cabinet, the influence of radiation can be ignored.
u
If the equipment is installed outdoors, the influence of radiation should be considered, and the equipment should be protected.
u
The temperature and humidity of the product should be measured at the positions 1.5m above the floor and 0.4m away from the front of the cabinet in case that the cabinet is not surrounded by protection boards.
u
Short-term indicates that the continuous operating time does not
exceed 96 hours or the annual accumulative operating time does not exceed 15 days. To improve the reliability of product application, the equipment room should be equipped with dedicated precision air conditioner to control the temperature and humidity to the following range:
Version: A/1
u
Air conditioner control temperature: 15°C to 30°C
u
Air conditioner control humidity: 40% to 75%
99
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Note: u
The air conditioner should never be installed above the equipment, and the air outlet should not face the equipment directly.
u
The air conditioner should be installed far away from windows to avoid blowing the moisture outside the window to the equipment.
Table 8-20
Requirements on Other Climatic Conditions During Equipment Operation
I t em
R e q u i r e m en t
Altitude
-60m to 4000m
Temperature gradient
≤
0.5℃/min
≤
5 m/s
Air speed Atmospheric pressure
70 kPa to 106 kPa
Solar radiation
≤
700W/m2
Heat radiation
≤
600W/m2
Note: When the altitude is between 1800m and 4000m, the operation temperature of the equipment decreases by 1 ℃ each time the altitude increases by 220m. Biological Environment u
Microbe such as fungus and mould must be avoided.
u
Rodents such as mice must be prevented.
u
The air must be free of explosive, electric-conductive, magnetic-conductive, or
Air Cleanliness
corrosive dust. u Table 8-21 shows the concentration requirements for mechanically active
substances.
100
Version: A/1
8 Technical Specifications
u
The concentration of the chemically active substances meets the requirements specified in Table 8-22.
Table 8-21
Concentration Requirements for Mechanically Active Substances During
Equipment Operation M ec h an i c al l y A c t i v e S u b s t an c e
Co n t en t
Suspended dust
≤
0.4mg/m3
Dust that can be landed
≤
15mg/ (m 2·h)
Gravel
3 ≤ 300mg/m
Table 8-22
Concentration Requirements for Chemically Active Substances During Equipment
Operation Chemically Active Substance
Content
SO2
≤
0.30mg/m3
H2S
≤
0.10mg/m3
NOx
≤
0.50mg/m3
NH3
≤
1.00mg/m3
Cl2
≤
0.10mg/m3
HCl
≤
0.10mg/m3
HF
≤
0.01mg/m3
O3
≤
0.05mg/m3
Mechanical Stress Table 8-23 describes the requirements on mechanical stress during equipment operation.
Version: A/1
101
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Table 8-23
Requirements on Mechanical Stress During Equipment Operation Specification
Item Frequency (Hz) Displacement
Operating
(mm)
vibration
Acceleration 2
5 to 9
9 to 200 u
Vibration: sinusoidal
u
Axial direction: X-Y-Z3
u
Sweep rate: 1oct/min
vibration
-
1.5
–
5
(m/s ) u Waveform: half-sine
Acceleration
Shock
(m/s2)
wave 70
u
Axial direction: X-Y-Z3
u
Number of shock: ± 3 in each axial direction
8.5.2
Storage Environment
Climate Table 8-24 shows the requirements on climatic environment for the storage of the equipment. Table 8-24
Requirements on Climatic Environment for Equipment Storage
Item
Requirement
Temperature
-40℃ to +70℃
Relative humidity Temperature gradient Atmospheric pressure
5% to 100% ≤
1 ℃/min
70 kPa to 106 kPa
Solar radiation
≤
1120W/m2
Heat radiation
≤
600W/m2
Water Proofing u u
The equipment on the site should be generally placed indoors. When the equipment is placed indoors, make sure the ground where the equipment is placed is free of accumulated water, and there is no water leakage to the packing case. The equipment should be away from any place where water leakage may occur such as auto-fire-fighting equipment or heater.
102
Version: A/1
8 Technical Specifications
u
For indoor storage of the equipment, make sure that the following requirements are met at the same time: 4 The packing case is intact. 4 Necessary shelter measures should be taken to prevent rain water from
entering the packing case. 4 The place where the packing case is kept should be free of accumulated
water. More importantly, no accumulated water is allowed inside the packing case. 4 The packing case should not be exposed to the sun directly.
Biological Environment u
Microbe such as fungus and mould must be avoided.
u
Rodents such as mice must be prevented.
u
The air must be free of explosive, electric-conductive, magnetic-conductive, or
Air Cleanliness
corrosive dust. u Table 8-25 shows the concentration requirements for mechanically active
substances. u
The concentration of the chemically active substances meets the requirements specified in Table 8-26.
Table 8-25
Mechanically Active Substance
Content
Suspended dust
≤
5.00mg/m3
Dust that can be landed
≤
20.0mg/ (m 2·h)
Gravel
≤
300mg/m3
Table 8-26
Version: A/1
Concentration Requirements for Mechanically Active Substances During Storage
Concentration Requirements for Chemically Active Substances During Storage
Chemically Active Substance
Content
SO2
≤
0.30mg/m3
H2S
≤
0.10mg/m3
NO2
≤
0.50mg/m3
NH3
≤
1.00mg/m3 103
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Table 8-26
Concentration Requirements for Chemically Active Substances During Storage
(Continued) Chemically Active Substance
Content
Cl2
≤
0.10mg/m3
HCI
≤
0.10mg/m3
HF
≤
0.01mg/m3
O3
≤
0.05mg/m3
Mechanical Stress Table 8-27 describes the requirements on mechanical stress during storage. Table 8-27
Requirements on Mechanical Stress During Storage Specification
Item Acceleration
Frequency
vibration
range
5Hz to 10Hz
dB/oct
8.5.3
0.02m2/s3
-
spectral density Random
10Hz to 50Hz
-
50Hz to 100Hz
-
12
-12
Transport Environment
Climate Table 8-28 shows the requirements on climatic environment for the transport of the equipment. Table 8-28
Requirements on Climatic Environment for Equipment Transport
I t em Temperature Relative humidity Temperature gradient Atmospheric pressure
104
R eq u i r e m en t -40℃ to +70℃ 5% to 95% ≤
1 ℃/min
55 kPa to 106 kPa
Solar radiation
≤
1120W/m2
Heat radiation
≤
600W/m2
Version: A/1
8 Technical Specifications
Water Proofing u
The packing case is intact.
u
Necessary shelter measures should be taken for the means of transport to prevent rain water from entering the packing case.
u
No accumulated water in the means of transport.
Biological Environment u
Microbe such as fungus and mould must be avoided.
u
Rodents such as mice must be prevented.
u
The air must be free of explosive, electric-conductive, magnetic-conductive, or
Air Cleanliness
corrosive dust. u Table 8-29 shows the concentration requirements for mechanically active
substances. u
The concentration of the chemically active substances meets the requirements specified in Table 8-30.
Table 8-29
Concentration Requirements for Mechanically Active Substances During
Equipment Transport M ec h an i c al l y A c t i v e S u b s t an c e
Co n t en t
Suspended dust
≤
5.00mg/m3
Dust that can be landed
≤
3.0mg/ (m 2·h)
Gravel
≤
100mg/m3
Table 8-30
Concentration Requirements for Chemically Active Substances During Equipment
Transport C h em i c a l l y A c t i v e S u b s t a n c e
Co n t en t 3
SO2 H2S
Version: A/1
1.00mg/m 3 ≤ 0.50mg/m ≤
NO2
≤
1.00mg/m3
HCl
≤
0.50mg/m3
NH3
≤
3.00mg/m3
HF
≤
0.03mg/m3
105
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
Table 8-30
Concentration Requirements for Chemically Active Substances During Equipment
Transport (Continued) C h em i c a l l y A c t i v e S u b s t a n c e
Co n t en t
O3
≤
Cl2
-
0.10mg/m3
Mechanical Stress Table 8-31 describes the requirements on mechanical stress during equipment transport. Table 8-31
Requirements on Mechanical Stress During Equipment Transport
I t em
Sp eci fi cati o n Acceleration spectral
Random vibration
density Frequency range Response spectrum type I (mass ＞50kg)
Collision
Response spectrum
1m2/s3
-3dB/oct
5Hz to 20Hz
20Hz to 200Hz
100m/s2,11ms,100ineachdirection
180m/s2,6ms,100ineachdirection
type II (mass ≤50kg) Collision direction
106
6
Version: A/1
Appendix A Abbreviations AG
Application Gateway
AIS
Alarm Indication Signal
APR
Automatic Power Reduction
APS AS ASON BC
Automatic Protection Switching Autonomous System Automatically Switched Optical Network Boundary Clock
BER
Bit Error Rate
BFD
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
BGP
Border Gateway Protocol
BMC
Best Master Clock
BMU
Board Management Unit
BMU
Business Management Unit
BPDU
Bridge Protocol Data Unit
BSC
Base Station Controller
BTS
Base Transceiver Station
CAR
Committed Access Rate
CAS
Channel Associated Signaling
CBS
Committed Burst Size
CC CCS CE CESoP
Continuity Check Common Channel Signaling Carrier Ethernet Circuit Emulation Service over Packet
CES
Circuit Emulation Service
CIR
Committed Information Rate
CoS
Class of Service
CPE
Customer Premise Equipment Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRC CWDM DCC
Version: A/1
Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing Data Communication Channel
DCM
Dispersion Compensation Module
DCN
Digital Communication Network
DDF
Digital Distribution Frame
107
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
DiffServ
Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
DWDM
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
ECMP
Equal-Cost Multi-Path
EMC
Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMI
Electromagnetic Interference
ESC ESD ETSI EVC FC FCS FE
Electrical Supervisory Channel Electrostatic Discharge European Telecommunications Standards Institute Ethernet Virtual Connection Fiber Channel Frame Check Sequence Fast Ethernet
FEC
Forward Error Correction
FPGA
Field-Programmable Gate Array
FTTH
Fiber To The Home
GE
Gigabit Ethernet
GMC
Grandmaster Clock
GPS
Global Positioning System
GUI
Graphical User Interface
HDB3 IC IEEE IP IPTV IS-IS
High Density Bipolar 3 Code Integrated Circuit Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Internet Protocol Internet Protocol Television Intermediate System to Intermediate System
ISO
International Standardization Organization
ITU
International Telecommunication Union
ITU-T LACP
108
Differentiated Services
DSLAM
International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector Link Aggregation Control Protocol
LAG
Link Aggregation Group
LSP
Label Switched Path
LTE
Long Term Evolution
MAC
Media Access Control
MCC
Management Communication Channel
MCN
Management Communication Network Version: A/1
Appendix A Abbreviations
MDF ME MEG MEN
Maintenance Entity Group Metropolitan Ethernet
MEP
Maintenance End Point
MIB
Management Information Base
MIMO MIP
Multiple-Input Multiple-Out-put Maintenance Intermediate Point
MME
Mobility Management Entity
MPLS
Multi-Protocol Label Switching
MPLS-TP
Multi-Protocol Label Switching-Transport Profile
MSAN
Multi-Service Access Network
MSP
Multiplex Section Protection
MSTP
Multi-Service Transfer Platform
MTU
Maximum Transmission Unit
NDF
New Data Flag
NNI
Network Node Interface
NTP
Network Time Protocol
OADM
Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer
OAM OC ODF ODU OFDM
Operation, Administration and Maintenance Ordinary Clock Optical Distribution Frame Outdoor Unit Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OLA
Optical Line Amplifier
OLT
Optical Line Terminal
OSC
Optical Supervisory Channel
OSI
Open System Interconnection
OSPF OTDR
Open Shortest Path First Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
OTM
Optical Terminal Multiplexer
OTU
Optical Transponder Unit
PBB-TE PBS
Version: A/1
Main Distribution Frame Maintenance Entity
Provider Backbone Bridge-Traffic Engineering Peak Burst Size
PBT
Provider Backbone Transport
PDP
Power Distribution Panel
PDU
Protocol Data Unit 109
CiTRANS 650 U3 Smart Packet Transport Network Product Description
PDV PHB PHP PIR POH
Penultimate Hop Popping Peak Information Rate Path Overhead
PON
Passive Optical Network
POP PPS
PoP Point of Presence Pulse Per Second
PRC
Primary Reference Clock
PSN
Packet Switched Network
PTP PW PWE3 QoS
Precision Time Protocol Pseudo Wire Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge Quality of Service
RAN
Radio Access Network
RDI
Remote Defect Indication
RFC
Request for Comments
RNC
Radio Network Controller
RPR
Resilient Packet Ring
RSVP
Resource Reservation Protocol
RTP
Real-time Transport Protocol
SAN
Storage Area Network
SCC
Signaling Communication Channel
SCN
Signaling Communication Network
SES
Severely Errored Second
SFP
Small Form-Factor Pluggable
SGW SNCP SONET SN SNMP SP SSM STM TC TCO TCP 110
Path Delay Value Per-Hop Behavior
Signaling Gateway Sub-Network Connection Protection Synchronous Optical Network Serial Number Simple Network Management Protocol Strict Priority Synchronization Status Message Synchronous Transport Module Transparent Clock Total Cost of Ownership Transmission Control Protocol Version: A/1
Appendix A Abbreviations
TDM
T-MPLS Channel
TMP
T-MPLS Path
TMP TMN TNC
Transmission Maintenance Point Telecommunication Management Network Threaded Neill-Concelman
TOD
Time of Day
TPID
Tag Protocol Identifier
TPS UAS
Tributary Protection Switching Unit Unavailable Second
UNI
User Network Interface
UPS
Uninterruptible Power Supply
VC
Virtual Channel
VLAN
Virtual Local Area Network
VoIP
Voice over Internet Protocol
VPLS VP VPN
Virtual Private LAN Service Virtual Path Virtual Private Network
VPWS
Virtual Private Wire Service
VRF
VPN Routing and Forwarding
VS WDM WiMAX WFQ WRED XFP XPIC
Version: A/1
Time Division Multiplexing
TMC
Virtual Section Wavelength Division Multiplexing Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access Weighted Fair Queuing Weighted Random Early Detection 10 Gigabit Small Form-Factor Pluggable Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation
111
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