Citoler S - LAS DIFICULTADES DE APRENDIZAJE - Cap I II

 

GKR LEAEBSG\KLCR LC KPTCFLEXKHC8 SF CFAN[SC BNOFE\EQN Gcbturk, csbreturk, jktcjëtebks. Rygvek Lcaenr Betngcr Eftrnlubbeòf8 Gks leaebugtklcs lc kprcflezkhc (LK) sc bnfbedcf bnjn leaebugtklcs pcrjkfcftcs y quc, pnr  gn tkftn, cxestc ufk pnsedegelkl lc jchnrk. Bukfln sc prcscftkf, sc trktk lc lctcrjefkr cf quå bnjpnfcftc cspcbêaebn lc uf kprcflezkhc tecfc leaebugtklcs, cftcflecfln quc cs ufk setukbeòf trkfsetnrek y bnjpcfskdgc. Rc ktreduêk gk bkusk lc gks LK k uf låaebet cf kgoufk lc gks akbugtklcs lc gk jcftc. Cstn ggcvò k gk utegezkbeòf bkse cxbgusevk lc gk prëbtebk y lc gns chcrbebens bnjn jåtnln pkrk ‗rcjclekr‚ n ‗rcbupcrkr‚ gks akbugtklcs u npcrkbenfcs jcftkgcs, quc sc ggcvkdkf k bkdn lc ufk jkfcrk jkfcrk lcsbnft lcsbnftcxt cxtukg ukgezk ezklk, lk, sef quc tuvecr tuvecrkf kf rcgkbe rcgkbeòf òf bnf gk kbteve kbtevelkl lkl bnfbrct bnfbrctkk k kprcflc kpr cflcrr (pnr (pnr chcjpg chcjpgn, n, chcrbe chcrbetkr tkr gk jcjnre jcjnrek, k, gk pcrbcp pcrbcpbeò beòf, f, cg rkznfkj rkznfkjecf ecftn, tn, bnf gk eftcfbeòf lc jchnrkr cg kprcflezkhc lc gks jktcjëtebks). Lcslc cg jufln clubktevn sc scûkgk gk fcbcselkl lc kfkgezkr bnf lctkggc gns leacrcftcs kprcflezkhcs kbklåjebns pkrk pnlcr lctcrjefkr gns bnfnbejecftns y prnbclejecftns quc snf fcbcskrens pkrk rckgezkrgns y prcbeskr gks bkusks lc gks leaebugtklcs cf su klquesebeòf. Cg leko lekofòs fòste tebn bn lc gk gkss LK fn lcdc lcdc sc scrr kg kgon on cs cstë tëte tebn bn y pc pcrj rjkf kfcft cftcc se sefn fn le lefë fëje jebn bn y trkfsetnr trkfs etnren, en, cf aufbeòf aufbeòf lc gk cvngubeòf lcg feûn cf cg ërck bnfbrctk cf gk quc sc jkfeaecstk jkfeaecstk leaebugtklcs. Gk eftcrvcfbeòf bnjn rkzòf lc scr lc gks leaebugtklcs lc kprcflezkhc8 gk cvkgukbeòf cs uf kspcbtn prejnrlekg cf gks LK pcrn su aefkgelkl fn cs pnfcr ufk ctequctk bgkseaebktnrek sefn quc gn quc eftcrc eftcrcsk sk cs gk lcsbre lcsbrepbe pbeòf òf prcbes prcbeskk lc gks bkrkbtcrê bkrkbtcrêste stebks bks lcg feûn feûn quc snf rcgcvkftcs pkrk gks kbtevelklcs clubktevks. Gk cvkgukbeòf lcdc lereoersc k gks mkdegelklcs aufbenfkgcs. Cg eftcrås cstredk cf cg tepn lc lekofòstebn y cf gk jclelk cf quc cg lekofòstebn lc gks leaebugtklcs lc kprcflezkhc ggcvk lercbtkjcftc k gk anrjugkbeòf lc quå lcdc mkbcrsc

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bnf csk leaebugtkl. Pnr tkftn, ufk klcbuklk cvkgukbeòf cs ufk bnflebeòf eflespcfskdgc pkrk cstkdgcbcr gk eftcrvcfbeòf òptejk. Leaebu Lea ebugt gtklcs klcs lc kprcfle kprcflezkh zkhcc lc gks mkdegel mkdegelklcs klcs kbklåj kbklåjebk ebkss dësebk dësebks8 s8 pkrk pkrk ufk klcbukl klcbuklkk kbtukbeòf cf cg bkjpn lc gk LK cs ejpnrtkftc bnfnbcr gns bnjpnfcftcs sudykbcftcs k gk bnjpctcfbek cf gks mkdegelklcs k kprcflcr. Gks leaebugtklcs cf gns kprcflezkhcs dësebns bnflebenfkf cg kvkfbc csbngkr lc gns feûns cf ntrns lnjefens kbklåjebns y, cf ocfcrkg, cf su lcskrrnggn bnofetevn, snbekg y kacbtevn, lkln cg bkrëbtcr bkpkbetklnr lc gks mkdegelklcs lc gcbturk, csbreturk y jktcjëtebks.

 

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TCRSJCF LCG GEDTN Lcslc Gklesgcxek.fct rcbnjcflkjns Gklesgcxek.fct rcbnjcflkjns cstk ndrk tcòrebk lc gk Lrk.

Rygvek Lcaenr, Psebògnok y

Pclkonok Pclk onok,, quc kbtukg kbtukgjcf jcftc tc trkdkh trkdkhkk bnjn bnjn prnacs prnacsnrk nrk lcg lcpkrt lcpkrtkjc kjcftn ftn lc Psebng Psebngnoê noêkk Cvngutevk y lc gk Clubkbeòf, cf gk Akbugtkl lc Psebngnoêk lc gk

Sfevcrselkl lc Orkfklk y

anrjk pkrtc lcg orupn lc efvcsteokbeòf sndrc lesgcxek lc gk Sfevcrselkl lc Orkfklk, cg bukg, cftrc cft rc ntrns ntrns cstule cstulens, ns, cstë cstë lcskrr lcskrrngg nggkfln kfln kbtukg kbtukgjcf jcftc tc uf trkdkh trkdkhn n sndrc sndrc gks mkdege mkdegelklc lklcss  prnsòlebks lc gns lesgåxebns. Cg gedrn tetugkl tetugkln9 n9

Gks Leaebugtklcs lc Kprcflezkhc8 Sf Cfanquc Bnofetevn. Gcbturk,

Csbreturk Csbret urk y Jktcj Jktcjëtebks ëtebks, cstë cspcbekgjcftc lereoeln k prnacsenfkgcs lc gk clubkbeòf9 prnacsnrcs/ks, pclkonons/ks, gnonpclks, ctb., quc lcsccf kjpgekr sus bnfnbejecftns sndrc gks Leaebu Leaebugtk gtklcs lcs lc Kprcfl Kprcflezk ezkhc, hc, (LK), (LK), su bgksea bgkseaebk ebkbeò beòf, f, cte ctengn ngnoêk oêk,, ejpgeb ejpgebkbe kbenfc nfcss c eftcrvcfbeòf. Cs uf gedrn juy bnjpgctn y lc aëbeg gcbturk quc pcrjetc uf prejcr kbcrbkjecftn k

gks LK9

Lesgcxek, Lesorkaêk, Lesbkgbugek y prndgcjks lc Bnjprcfseòf Gcbtnrk , kpnrtkfln uf cfanquc kbtukg lc lebmns trkstnrfns trkstnrfns y prëbtebns prëbtebns jnlcgns y prnorkjks prnorkjks lc eftcrvcfbeò eftcrvcfbeòf f bnf kpnyn cjpêrebn. ◎

Bkpêtugn E

Cf prejcr prejcr guokr cg gedrn gedrn mkbc mkbc ufk

eftrnlubbeòf k gks Leaebugtklcs lc Kprcflezkhc , su

bgkseaebkbeòf, lcaefebeòf, y bkusks n ctengnoêk. ◎

Bkpêtugn EE

Cg scoufln bkpêtugn sc bcftrk cf lcskrrnggkr gns gns  fevcgcs

kspcbtns ocfcrkgcs lcg gcfoukhc csbretn ,

lc prnbcskjecftn  qu qucc eftc eftcrv rvec ecfc fcf, f, gks bkr bkrkbtc kbtcrês rêsteb tebks ks lc gns lea leacrc crcftcs ftcs

sestcjks kgakdåtebns y, cf cspcbekg, gks bkrkbtcrêstebks lcg sestcjk nrtnorëaebn lcg cspkûng, gns

jcbkfesjns quc eftcrvecfcf cf gk gcbturk y gk csbreturk , gns leacrcftcs jnlcg jnlcgns ns lc

klquesebeòf lc gk gcbturk y lc gk csbreturk  y gns jåtnlns efebekgcs lc cfscûkfzk lc gk gcbturk.

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Bkpêtugn EEE

Cf cg tcrb tcrbcr cr bkpê bkpêtu tugn gn sc trktkf trktkf gk gkss

Leaebugtklcs lc Kprcflezkhc lc gk Lcbnleaebkbeòf

Gcbtnrk, bnjøfjcftc lcfnjefklks bnf cg tårjefn Lesgcxek. Cf gk prejcrk pkrtc sc cxpnfcf gns leacrcftcs

jnlcgns bnofetevns lc gk gcbturk, lcspuås sc

cspcbeaebkf gks leaebugtklcs gcbtnrks, cftrc gks quc lcstkbkf cg sc lcs lcskrr krrngg nggkf kf lctkgg lctkggklkj klkjcft cftcc gns

rctrksn gcbtnr y gk lesgcxek y,

tepns lc lesgcxek,  sus levcrs levcrsks ks bgksea bgkseaebk ebkben benfcs fcs y gks

 prefbepkgcs tcnrêks ctengòoebks lc gk lesgcxek. \kjdeåf efbguyc uf kpkrtkln cspcbêaebn sndrc gk   Bnfbecfbek

Anfngòoebk y gk rcgkbeòf

cftrc gcbturk y mkdegelklcs anfngòoebks. Lcspuås trktk gk cvkgukbeòf lc gk gcbturk, lnflc fnjdrk leacrcftcs tepns lc

prucdks y tcst

lc cvkgukbeòf ocfcrkgcs  y cspcbêae cspcbêaebns bns y, pnr øgtejn, øgtejn, cxpnfc gk eftcrvcfbeòf pkrk gk lcskrrnggkf prnorkjks lc eftcrvcfbeòf pkrk gk jchnrk lc gk lcbnleaebkbeòf, lnflc sc lcskrrnggkf jchnrk lc gks mkdegelklcs anfngòoebks , gk cfscûkfzk lc gks TBOA, (Tcogks lc Bnfvcrseòf Orkacjk-Anfcjk), kbtevelklcs pkrk trkdkhkr gk gcbturk ogndkg y cstrktcoeks lc cfscûkfzk bnf kpnyns orëaebns y bnf prnorkjks lc nrlcfklnr. ◎

Bkpêtugn EQ

Cg bukrtn bkpêtugn sc bcftrk, cf prejcr guokr, cf gks

leaebugtklcs lc Bnjprcfseòf Gcbtnrk

y cf gns gns levc levcrs rsns ns ak akbt btnr nrcs cs qu qucc gk gkss prnv prnvnbk nbkf, f, lcspuå lcspuåss mk mky y uf kp kpkr krtk tkln ln qu qucc tr trkt ktkk gk

Cvkgukbe Cvkg ukbeòf òf lc gk Bnj Bnjprcf prcfseò seòf f Gcb Gcbtnrk tnrk  lnflc lnflc cfbnft cfbnftrkr rkrëë fujcrn fujcrnsks sks prucdk prucdkss pkrk pkrk cvkgukr gk Bnjprcfseòf Gcbtnrk cf bkstcggkfn y, pnr øgtejn, lcskrrnggk lctkggklkjcftc gk

jchnrk lc gk bnjprcfseòf gcbtnrk , kpnrtkf kpnrtkfln ln fujcrn fujcrnsks sks cstrktcoeks y prnorkjks lc eftcrvcfbeòf pkrk jchnrkr gks mkdegelklcs gcbtnrks, cspcbe cspcbekgjcft kgjcftc, c, gk Bnjprcfseò Bnjprcfseòf f Gcbtnrk. ◎

Bkpêtugn Q

Cf cg queftn queftn bkpêtug bkpêtugn n sc trktkf trktkf gks

leaebugtklcs lc csbreturk, bnjøfjcftc lcfnjefklks

lesorkaêks. Rc cxpnfc cg nreocf y gks lejcfsenfcs lc gns sestcjks lc csbreturk kgakdåtebns,

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sc lctkggkf gns

prnbcsns prnb csns pse psebng bngòoe òoebns bns ejp ejpgeb gebklns klns cf gk csb csbret returk urk  y sc lc lcsk skrr rrng nggk gk

kjpgekjcftc cg jnlcgn lc bnjpnsebeòf csbretk lc Agnwcr y Mkycs . \kjdeåf pgkftck gns jcbkfesjns

ejpgebklns cf gk bnjpnsebeòf csbretk  y sc cxpgebk cxpgebkf f gks

leaebugtklcs lc csbreturk, cs lcber, gk lesorkaêk. Cf ufk scouflk scouflk pkrtc pkrtc sc mkbc mkbc ufk lcaefebe lcaefebeòf òf y bgkse bgkseaeb aebkbe kbeòf òf lc gns levcrsns levcrsns

tepns lc

lesorkaêks, ksê bnjn sc pgkftc pgkftckf kf gks leacrcf leacrcfbek bekss cftrc cftrc lesorkaê lesorkaêkk y rctrksn csbretnr. Rc ktecflc ktecf lc gk

cvkgukbeòf lc gk csbreturk  lnflc sc fnjdrkf levcrsns tcst bnfvcfbenfkgcs, ksê

bnjn, bnj n, pruc prucdks dks y prnb prnbcl clej ejec ecft ftns ns fn cs cstk tkfl flkr krez ezkl klns ns lc cv cvkg kguk ukbe beòf òf lc gn gnss le levc vcrs rsns ns bnjpnfcftcs efaguycftcs cf gks lesorkaêks. Pnr øgtej øgtejn n sc trktk trktk gk

jchnrk lc gks mkdegelklcs lc csbreturk, leacrcfbekfln cftrc gk

jchnrk lc gk bnjpnsebeòf csbretk y gk jchnrk lc gk csbreturk lc pkgkdrks, y sc lcskrrnggkf levcrsns prnorkjks lc eftcrvcfbeòf pkrk gk jchnrk lc gk bnjpnsebeòf csbretk  y lc gks

cstrktcoeks bnofetevks ejpgebklks cf gk csbreturk. ◎

Bkpêtugn QE

U cg øgtejn bkpêtugn, lclebkln k gks

leaebugtklcs lc kprcflezkhc lc gks jktcjëtebks , mkbc

ufk cxpn cxpnse sebe beòf òf tc tcòr òreb ebn-p n-prë rëbt bteb ebkk lc gk

lesbkgbugek, bnjc bnjcfz fzkf kfln ln pnr pnr su lcaefebeòf  y

bgkseaebkbeòf y pnr gks kpnrtkbenfcs quc sc mkf rckgezkln lcslc gk psebngnoêk bnofetevk. Lcspuås Lcs puås sc cspcbe cspcbeae aebkf bkf gns bnfnbeje bnfnbejecft cftns ns n

mkdegelklcs jktcjëtebks dësebks  quc gns

feûns lcdcf kprcflcr pkrk lcskrrnggkr cg kprcflezkhc jktcjëtebn, cftrc cstks lcstkbkf gk

fujcrkbeòf, cg cg bëg bëgbug bugnn jkt jktcjë cjëteb tebn, n, gk rcsn rcsngub gubeòf eòf lc prnd prndgcj gcjks ks y cg kfëgeses lc gns crrnrcs cf gks npcrkbenfcs

jktcjëtebks.

Cf ntrn kpk pkrrtkln sc cxpnf nfccf gks

kpnrtkb kpnr tkbenf enfcs cs lc gk fcur fcurnpse npsebng bngnoê noêkk  sn sndr drcc gn gnss

bnjpnfcftcs kacbtklns cf gk kbkgbugek y gk lesbkgbugek , k pkrter lc gns prefbepkgcs jnlcgns

lc prnbcskjecftn fujårebn. U pnr øgtejn sc bcftrk cf gk

cfscûkfzk cfscûkf zk lc gks jktcjëtebks y gks bkusks quc efaguycf cf

gks leaebugtklcs lc kprcflezkhc lc cstk mkdegelkl m kdegelkl efstrujcftkg.

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BKPÊ\SGN ;8 LCAEFEBEÒF U BGKREAEBKBEÒF LC GKR LEAEBSG\KLCR LC KPTCFLEXKHC. Gks LK sc puclcf kdnrlkr lcslc pcrspcbtevks juy leacrcftcs bnjn snf gk jålebk, gk  psebngòoebk, gk clubktevk, gk kljefestrktevk n gk snbencbnfòjebk.

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Prndgcjks cf gk lcaefebeòf lc LK8 Ieri y Dktcjkf8 ‗uf rctrksn, lcsnrlcf n uf lcskrrnggn rctrkskln cf ufn n jës lc gns  prnbcsns lc mkdgk, gcfoukhc, gcbturk, csbreturk, kretjåtebk y ntrks jktcreks csbngkrcs bnjn rcsugtkln lc uf mëflebkp psebngòoebn bkuskln pnr ufk pnsedgc lesaufbeòf bcrcdrkg y/n trkstnrfns cjnbenfkgcs n lc bnflubtk. Fn cs cg rcsugtkln lc rctrksn jcftkg, lc lcprevkbeòf scfsnrekg n lc akbtnrcs bugturkgcs n efstrubbenfkgcs.‚ Cstk cs bnfselcrklk bnfselcrklk ufk lcaefebeòf lcaefebeòf lcsbreptevk, lcsbreptevk, quc fn cxpgebk cf quå bnfsestcf bnfsestcf rckgjcftc rckgjcftc gks LK. Bnjetå Fkbenfkg Kscsnr sndrc Leaebugtklcs lc Kprcflezkhc8 ‗cs uf tårjefn ocfårebn quc sc rcaecrc k uf orupn mctcrnoåfcn lc lcsòrlcfcs quc sc jkfeaecstkf pnr ufks leaebugtklcs seofeaebktevks cf gk klquesebeòf y usn lc gks mkdegelklcs lc bnjprcfseòf nrkg, mkdgk, gcbturk, csbreturk, rkznfkjecftn n jktcjëtebks. Cstns lcsòrlcfcs snf eftrêfscbns kg eflevelun y  prcsujedgcjcftc sc lcdcf k ufk lesaufbeòf lcg sestcjk fcrvensn bcftrkg. Kufquc ufk leaebu lea ebugtk gtkl l lc kprcfle kprcflezkh zkhcc puclc puclc nburrer nburrer lc jnln jnln bnfbnj bnfbnjetk etkftc ftc bnf ntrks ntrks bnfleb bnflebenf enfcs cs lesbkpkbetkftcs (pnr chcjpgn, låaebets scfsnrekgcs, rctrksn jcftkg, pcrturdkbenfcs snbekgcs n cjnb cj nben enfk fkgc gcs) s) n bn bnf f efag efaguc ucfbe fbeks ks kjde kjdecf cftk tkgc gcss (p (pnr nr ch chcj cjpg pgn, n, le leac acrc rcfb fbek ekss bugtu bugturk rkgc gcs, s, efsuaebecftc/efklcbuklk efstrubbeòf, akbtnrcs psebnoåfebns), fn cs cg rcsugtkln lercbtn lc cstks bnflebenfcs n efagucfbeks. Cs ufk lcaefebeòf bnjprcfsevk pcrn leaêbeg lc ejpgcjcftkr9 bretebklk pnr su kjdeo÷clkl y gk ku kusc scfb fbek ek lc uf ufns ns br bret etcr cren enss bg bgkr krns ns pk pkrk rk lest lestef efou ouer er gk gkss LK lc nt ntrn rnss pr prnd ndgc gcjk jkss lc kprcflezkhc. Cf ntrns bksns, sc mk scûkgkln gk fcbcselkl lc efbguer tnln cg bebgn vetkg y fn rcstrefoer gks LK k gns feûns. Cf gk kbtukgelkl kbtukgelkl tnlkvêk fn sc mk ggcokln k uf bnfscfsn bgkrn, bnfvevecfln bnfvevecfln ufk pgurkgelkl pgurkgelkl bnfbcptukg y tcrjefngòoebk quc, cf jubmks nbksenfcs, mkbc leaêbeg cg eftcrbkjden y gk lesbuseòf lc gns rcsugtklns lc gk efvcsteokbeòf cf cstc bkjpn.

Gk øgtejk vcrseòf lc gk lcaefebeòf prnpucstk pnr cg FHBGL8

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◎ Prnpnr Prnpnrben benfk fk ufk l lcae caefeb febeòf eòf lcsbr lcsbrept eptevk evk lc gks gks LK. LK. ◎ Reouc cg cg bnfbcptn bnfbcptn lc leacrcf leacrcfbeks beks eftcre eftcreflevel flevelukgcs ukgcs cftrc cftrc gks gks leacrcftc leacrcftcss ërcks. ërcks. ◎ Cspcbeaebk Cspcbeaebk quc gks LK puclcf puclcf cstkr cstkr prcscftc prcscftcss k gn gkron lcg bebgn bebgn vetkg. vetkg. ◎ Cstkdg Cstkdgcbc cbc quc gk LK cf uf ufkk jktcrek jktcrek cs gk bnfle bnflebeò beòf f prejkre prejkrekk kufquc kufquc rcbnfnbc rcbnfnbc gk cxestcfbek lc pnsedgcs bnflebenfcs bnfbnjetkftcs eoukgjcftc lesbkpkbetklns. ◎ Fn cxbguyc cxbguyc gk gk pnsedege pnsedegelkl lkl lc quc quc pcrsnfks pcrsnfks bnf bnf tkgcftn tkgcftn puclkf puclkf suarer suarer ufk LK. LK. ◎ \ecf \ecfcc uf uf kjp kjpge gen n kpn kpnyn yn.. ◎ Gns prndg prndgcjk cjkss ktcfben ktcfbenfkg fkgcs cs fn sc bnfselc bnfselcrkf rkf pnr gn gn tkftn tkftn bnjn ufk LK sefn sefn bnjn trkstnrfns lcg lcskrrnggn, quc kbnjpkûkf n sc ksnbekf k snbekf bnf arcbucfbek k gks LK.  Bretcrens utegezklns cf gk lcaefebeòf lc gks leaebugtklcs lc kprcflezkhc8 Lc gks leacrcftcs anrjugkbenfcs lcg bnfbcptn lc LK sc puclcf cxtrkcr ufk screc lc bretcrens quc sudses sudsestcf tcf pkrbek pkrbekgg n tntkgj tntkgjcft cftcc cf tnlks tnlks cggks cggks (ar (arkbks kbksn n cf gks tkr tkrcks cks,, lesbrc lesbrcpkf pkfbek bek rcflejecftn rcflej ecftn-bkpkbe -bkpkbelkl, lkl, akbtnrcs akbtnrcs cxbguycftcs cxbguycftcs,, ctengnoêk, ctengnoêk, prnbcsns prnbcsns psebngòoeb psebngòoebns ns kgtcrklns, kgtcrklns, ctb). \rcs lc cggns kpkrcbcf rcetcrklkjcftc y cxestc becrtn bnfscfsn cf su utegezkbeòf9 cstns bretcrens snf8 ;. 

Bretcr Bre tcren en lc cxbgus cxbguseòf eòf88 cst cstcc bretcr bretcren en eft eftcft cftkk leacrc leacrcfbe fbekr kr gks LK lc ntrks ntrks leaebugtklcs. Cstkdgcbc quc lcdcf cxbguersc ufk screc lc prndgcjks tkgcs bnjn gns gns bk bkus uskl klns ns pn pnrr lc lcae aebe becfb cfbek ek sc scfs fsnr nrek ekg, g, jcft jcftkg kg,, cjnb cjnben enfkg fkg,, lc lcpr prev evkb kbeò eòf f snbenbugturkg, kdscftesjn csbngkr n efklcbukbeòf lc gns jåtnlns clubktevns. Gns suhct uhctns ns bnf bnf LK, LK, lc kbuc kbucrl rln n bnf bnf cs csttc br breetcr creen, klcj klcjës ës lc kl klcb cbuk uklk lkss bkrkbtcrêstebks aêsebks, jcftkgcs, cjnbenfkgcs y kjdecftkgcs, lcdcf tcfcr ufk eftcgeocfbek fnrjkg.

4.  Bretcren lc lesbrcpkfbek8 lc lesbrcpkfbek8 lc kbucrln bnf cstc bretcren, gks LK sc bkrkbtcrezkrêkf  pnr ufk akgtk lc bnfbnrlkfbek cftrc cg rcsugtkln rckg lc uf kprcflezkhc y cg cspcrkln cf aufbeòf lc gks bkpkbelklcs bnofetevks lcg suhctn. Lebmn lc ntrn jnln, se cxestc bnfvcrocfbek cftrc bkpkbelklcs bnofetevks y rcsugtklns csbngkrcs (kjdns lcaebecftcs), scrêk efklcbukln bgkseaebkrgns bnjn suhctns bnf LK.

=

 

2. 

Bretcren lc cspcbeaebelkl8  cspcbeaebelkl8  prctcflc prctcflc cspcbeaebkr cspcbeaebkr cf quå ëjdetn lc prnlubcf prnlubcf gks LK. Gks LK sc jkfeacstkrnf cf cg kprcflezkhc lc ufk n lns jktcreks juy bnfbrctks, gn quc mk ggcvkln k lkr ufk lcfnjefkbeòf cspcbêaebk k bklk leaebugtkl cf aufbeòf lcg tepn lc prndgcjk (lesgcxek, lesnrtnorkaêk, lesorkaêk n lesbkgbugek).

Brêtebks k gns bretcrens lcaefebenfkgcs8 Mky quecfcs bucstenfkf cg bretcren lc cspcbeaebelkl, yk quc gks LK kacbtkrêkf k mkdegelklcs kbklåjebks n prnbcsns bnofetevns bnfbrctns pcrn lchkrêk eftkbtk gk bkpkbelkl eftcgcbtukg ocfcrkg. Pkrk kgoufns kutnrcs, gn cscfbekg lc ufk LK cs su cspcbeaebelkl cf cg scfteln lc quc ufk pnsedgc lesaufbeòf fcurngòoebk kacbtk k uf kprcflezkhc pkrtebugkr y fn k ntrn. Ntrk lc gks brêtebks mkbc rcacrcfbek kg usn lcg bretcren lc cxbguseòf9 yk quc lchkf aucrk  pnsedgcs LK rckgcs bnf gn bukg sc becrrk cg bkjefn pkrk gk eftcrvcfbeòf cf csns bksns.

Lcaefebenfcs8 LRJ-EQ LRJ -EQ88 gks LK snf trkstn trkstnrfn rfnss (quc) (quc) sc bkrkbt bkrkbtcre crezkf zkf pnr uf rcflej rcflejecf ecftn tn kbklåj kbklåjebn ebn sustkfbekgjcftc pnr lcdkhn lc gn cspcrkln lklks gk clkl brnfngòoebk lcg suhctn, gk jclebeòf lc su eftcgeocfbek y ufk cfscûkfzk kprnpeklk k su clkl.

Jnrresnf y Recocg8 pkrk lcaefer gks LK sc fcbcsetk8 ;.  Cstkdgcbcr cg ujdrkg lc BE k pkrter lcg bukg sc bnfselcrk LK (lesbrcpkfbek) 4.  Cstkdgcbcr ufk leaebugtkl seofeaebktevk cf uf lnjefen csbngkr (cspcbeaebelkl) 2. 

Cxbguer sngkjcftc gns lcsòrlcfcs cjnbenfkgcs scvcrns, gns feûns bnf gcfouk jktcrfk lesteftk k gk lc gk csbngkrezkbeòf, gns låaebets scfsnrekgcs y/n gns låaebets fcurngòoebns (cxbguseòf)

Lcaefebeòf8 leaebugtklcs quc sc bkrkbtcrezkf pnr uf rcflejecftn cf ufk n vkreks jktcreks csbngkrcs quc cstë seofeaebktevkjcftc pnr lcdkhn lc gn cspcrkln lklks gk clkl lcg feûn, uf BE cf tnrfn k ?3 y gk kuscfbek lc lcsòrlcfcs cjnbenfkgcs scvcrns, låaebets scfsnrekgcs y/n låaebets fcurngòoebns.

5

 

Gk fcbcselkl lc ufk lcaefebeòf bnjøf pkrk gk efvcsteokbeòf cf cstc bkjpn8 Gnss ktre Gn ktredu dutn tnss lc gns gns su suhc hctn tnss bn bnf f LK puclc puclcf f vk vkre rekr kr sc scoø oøf f cg jnjc jnjcft ftn, n, cg gu guokr okr,, gk gkss bnfselcrkbenfcs gcokgcs n cg bretcren lcg efvcsteoklnr. Cstn lc trklubc cf ufk orkf leaebugtkl  pkrk gk bnjpkrkbeòf y gk ocfcrkgezkbeòf lc gns rcsugtklns y pkrk gk rckgezkbeòf lc efacrcfbeks tcòrebks. Pkrk pkgekr cstk setukbeòf, ufk prnpucstk eftcrcskftc cs gk lcg prnycbtn SBBG SB BGK K qu qucc prct prctcfl cflcc lc lctc tcrj rjef efkr kr uf se sest stcj cjkk lc ‗e ‗efle flebk bklnr lnrcs cs‚‚ qu qucc pr prnpn npnrb rben enfk fkf f efanrjkbeòf lctkggklk y bnjprcfsevk sndrc gns suhctns y gks vkrekdgcs kfkgezklks. Gk ouêk bnftecfc buktrn tepns lc eflebklnrcs8 ◎  Lcsbreptevns8  Lcsbreptevns8 buyn  buyn ndhctevn bnfsestc cf lctkggkr gks bkrkbtcrêstebks ocfcrkgcs lc gk jucstrk. (clkl, fevcg csbngkr, rkzk, ctb) ◎ Rustkftevns8 Rustkftevns8 quc  quc kpnrtkf efanrjkbeòf quc cs lercbtkjcftc rcgcvkftc pkrk gk jucstrk lc suhctns bnf LK. (Mkdegelkl eftcgcbtukg, rcflejecftn, bnflubtk) bnflu btk) ◎ Bnftcxtukgcs8 Bnftcxtukgcs8   quc prnpnrbenfkf prnpnrbenfkf cg bnftcxtn bnftcxtn pkrk pnlcr eftcrprctkr eftcrprctkr gns rcsugtklns rcsugtklns y gns lktns lc gns orupns lc bnjpkrkbeòf. ◎  Gnbkgcs8  Gnbkgcs8 quc  quc rcagchkf gns prefbepkgcs tcjks lc eftcrås lc bklk efvcsteokbeòf y gns kspcbtns pkrtebugkrcs quc sc mkf cstulekln. (Ktcfbeòf, pcrbcpbeòf, jcjnrek)  Bgkseaebkbeòf lc gks leaebugtklcs lc kprcflezkhc8 Cxestcf levcrsks bgkseaebkbenfcs lc gks LK quc leaecrcf rcspcbtn kg bretcren utegezkln pnr sus kutnrcs. Rc lcstkbkf buktrn8 ;.Kgoufks bgkseaebkbenfcs sc mkf rckgezkln cf aufbeòf lcg pktròf kbklåjebn quc  prcscftkf gns suhctns cf gks leacrcftcs jktcreks. Rc utegezkf gns rcsugtklns lc gns tcsts lc gcbturk, lc csbreturk y lc bëgbugn kretjåtebn pkrk bgkseaebkr gns suhctns  pnr leaebugtklcs n sêflrnjcs cspcbêaebns. Cs tkjdeåf gk bgkseaebkbeòf klnptklk  pnr cg LRJ-EQ, quc lestefouc buktrn bktconrêks8 trkstnrfns lc gcbturk, lc bëgbugn, lc gk cxprcseòf csbretk y trkstnrfns lc kprcflezkhc fn cspcbêaebns. 4. 

Ntrn Ntr n tepn tepn lc bgksea bgkseaebkb ebkbeòf eòf sc rckgez rckgezkk cf aufbeò aufbeòf f lc gks lcaebecf lcaebecfbek bekss cf cg  prnbcskjecftn bnofetevn. bn ofetevn. Bnfsestc cf kpgebkr tcsts sndrc gns leacrcftcs prnbcsns

;0

 

(jcjnrek, ktcfbeòf, pcrbcpbeòf, gcfoukhc, jntrebelkl) pkrk ndtcfcr gns pcraegcs fcurnpsebngòoebns lc gns feûns bnf LK. 2.  Gk bgkseaebkbeòf lc Ieri y Bmkgakft korupk gks LK cf lns bktconrêks, dksëflnsc cf cg ëjdetn ëjdetn y cg jnjcft jnjcftn n cvngu cvngute tevn vn

cf quc kp kpkr krcb cbcf cf gk gkss le leae aebu bugt gtklc klcs, s,

lestefoue lestef ouecfln cfln gks LK cvngut cvngutevk evkss y gks LK kbklåj kbklåjebk ebks. s. Cg prejcr prejcr orupn orupn gn bnfstetuycf gks leaebugtklcs cf gns prnbcsns psebngòoebns dësebns, fn cspcbêaebns, quc cstkrêkf ejpgebklns cf gk chcbubeòf lc tnlks gks kbtevelklcs bnofetevks. Rc sudlevelc, k su vcz, cf lns sudorupns8 gks leaebugtklcs dësebks n prejkreks (cf  pcrbcpbeòf,

ktcfbeòf,

jcjnrek)

y

gks

scbuflkreks

(cf

cstrktcoeks lc

 pcfskjecftn, cf gcfoukhc nrkg) quc scrêkf bnfscbucfbek lc gks kftcrenrcs. Bnfs Bn fsel elcr crkf kf bnjn bnjn leae leaebu bugt gtkl klcs cs lc kprcf kprcfle lezk zkhc hc kb kbkl klåj åjeb ebks ks kq kquc ucgg ggks ks quc cxpcrejcftkf gns feûns lurkftc su velk csbngkr y bnjprcflcf gks leaebugtklcs cspc cspcbê bêae aebks bks cf gc gcbt btur urk, k, cs csbr bret etur urk, k, lc lcgc gctr trcn cn cs csbr bret etn n y kr kret etjå jåte tebk bk.. Cs ufk bgkseaebkbeòf quc prctcflc eftcorkr gns lns bretcrens kftcrenrcs, bnf ufk ktcfbeòf cspcbekg k gns kspcbtns cvngutevns lcg feûn. Ksê, cf gk ctkpk efakfteg prcvkgcbcrëf gks cvngutevks y cf gk csbngkr cg lekofòstebn sc bcftrkrêk jës cf gns kprcflezkhcs efstrujcftkgcs.