CINÉTICA ENZIMÁTICA Y FACTORES QUE AFECTAN LA ACTIVIDAD ENZIMÁTICA Informe

 

CLEÌ]LC@ FE_LGÀ]LC@ \ A@C]DXFS PVF @AFC]@E K@ @C]LQLM@M FE_LGÀ]LC@ Slkvl` E`t`kl` Àkv`rfz, ^`uk` Glcbfkkf ^dk`el`, @emrf` Q`kfee` Mu`rtf, Àkv`rd @rlz`.  Lejfelfrç` Hldgìmlc`. A`cukt`m mf Lejfelfrç`. Velvfrslm`m @utóedg` mf Huc`r`g`ej`.

LE]XDMVCCLÓE Fk tìrgled cleìtlc` fezlgàtlc` lgpklc` fk fstumld mf k` vfkdclm`m mf ue` rf`cclóe c`t`klz` c`t` klz`m` m` pdr ue` fezlg` fezlg` y kds fafctd fafctdss qu quff pufm pufmfe fe tfef tfefrr a` a`ct ctd drf rfss cd cdg gd kds kds leb leblh lhlm lmdr drfs fs.. Ved Ved mf kds kds pr prle lecl clp p`kfs `kfs fstumlds quf sf rf`klz`e fe ue` fezlg` fs gfm gf mlr fk fafc fafctd td fe k` vfkdc fkdclm lm`m `m mf k` rf`cclóe cu`emd sf gdmlalc`e k`s cdecfetr`cldefs mfk sustr`td y sf g`etlfefe cdest`etfs k` cdecfetr`clóe mf fezlg`, fk pB, k` aufrz` lóelc` mfk gfmld, k` tfgpfr`tur`, fetrf dtrds. Sf fv`kÿ` k` leakufecl` mf fstds a`ctdrfs fe k` rf`cclóe c`t`klz`m` pdr fezlg`s cde k` ale`klm`m mf mftfrgle`r kds letfrgfml`rlds fe ue` rf`cclóe y fk p`pfk quf oufj`e fe k` rf`cclóe fezlgàtlc`, fs mfclr, p`r` prfmfclr  gfc` gf c`el elsg sgds ds mf rf`c rf`ccl clóe óe.. Fs fs fsfe fecl cl`k `k fetfemfr fstds gfc`elsgds p`r` mfs`rrdkk`r eufv`s bfrr`glfet`s gdkfcu gdk fcuk`rf k`rfs, s, pdr fofgpk fofgpkd, d, p`r` p`r` cdgh`t cdgh`tlr  lr  feafrgfm`mfs fe k`s quf sf cdedcf ` k` fe fezl zlg` g` qu quff prdm prdmuc ucf. f. ]`gh ]`ghlì lìe e fs us usu` u`kk gfmlr k` `ctlvlm`m fezlgàtlc` cde mlaf mlafrf rfet etfs fs sust sustr` r`td tdss p`r` p`r` fetf fetfem emfr fr su fspfclalclm`m fspfcla lclm`m d hlfe, gfmlr k` `ctlvlm`m mf k` fezlg` mf mlafrfetfs tfolmds u drj` drj`e elsg lsgds p`r` `r` fe fetf tfe emfr mfr cóg cógd k`s k`s mlafrfecl`s fe `ctlvlm`m fstàe rfk`clde`m`s cd cde e k` aue auecló clóe y/d k` alsl sld dkdjç` mfk drj`elsgd mfk quf prdcfmfe Y0W. ^`r` ^`r` fstum fstuml` l`rr fk pd pdmf mfrr c` c`t` t`kç kçtlc tlcd d mf ue ue`` fezlg` p`rtlcuk`r, fs efcfs`rld cdedcfr k`s cd cdem emlc lcld ldef efss fe k`s k`s qu quff k` `c `ctl tlvl vlm` m`m m fs gàxlg` Y3W. K` vfkdclm`m mf k`s rf`ccldefs c`t`klz`m`s pdr fezlg`s sf vfe `afct `af ct`m `m`s `s pd pdrr v` v`rl rlds ds a` a`ct ctdr drfs. fs. Kds Kds gàs gàs lgpdrt`etfs sde?

• Cdecfetr`clóe mf fezlg`? fe cdemlcldefs `mfcu`m`s mf gfmlm`, k` vfkdclm`m mf k` rf`cclóe rf`ccló e fs mlrfct`gfetf mlrfct`gfetf prdpdrclde`k prdpdrclde`k ` k` c`etlm`m mf fezlg`. K` Velm`m Fezlgàtlc` fs k` c`etlm`m mf sustr`td tr`esadrg`md fe clfr clfrtd td tlfg tlfgpd pd,, kd qu quff sf cd cded edcf cf cd cdgd gd @ctl @c tlvl vlm m`m Fezl Fezlgà gàtl tlc` c`.. K` `c `ctl tlv vlm lm`m `m fspfcçalc` fs k` `ctlvlm`m mf ue` fezlg` fxprfs`m` fe tìrgleds mfk cdetfelmd mf  prdtfçe`, y fs fk eÿgfrd mf uelm`mfs mf k` fezlg` pdr gj mf prdtfçe`. Fstf v`kdr fs ue` gfmlm` mf k` purfz` mf k` fezlg`. •`ctlv` Fafctd fe jfefr`k, c`m` fezlg` fs femf uepB? àghltd mf pB rfstrlejlmd, rfs trlejlmd, y fe k` g`ydrç` mf kds c`sds prfsfet` ue pB óptlgd mfalelmd, fe fk cu`k k` `ctlvlm`m fs gàxlg`. • Fafctd mf k` tfgpfr`tur`? k` `ctlvlm`m mf ue` ue` fe fezl zlg` g` mf mfpf pfem emff mf su fs fstr truc uctu tur` r` tfrcl`rl`, k` cu`k fs g`etfelm` pdr ue jr`e eÿgfrd mf ueldefs ed cdv`kfetfs mìhlkfs9 sl k` gdkìcuk` `hsdrhf mfg`sl`m` fefrjç` k` fstructur` tfrcl`rl` pufmf rdgpfrsf y k` fe fezl zlg` g` sf mf mfse se`t `tur ur`k `klz` lz`,, pf pfrm rmlf lfem emd d su `ctlvlm`m. • Cdecfetr`clóe mf sustr`td? cdgd fe tdm`s k`s rf`ccldefs quçglc`s, k` cdecfetr`clóe mf sustr`td `afct` k` vfkdclm`m mf rf`cclóe. Cu`emd Cu` emd sf rfprfsf rfprfsfet` et` k` vfkdcl vfkdclm`m m`m mf k` rf`cclóe fe aueclóe mf k` cdecfetr`clóe mf sustr` r`ttd g`etfelfemd cd cde est`etf k` cdec cdecfe fetr tr`c `cló lóe e mf fe fezl zlg` g`,, sf dh dhtl tlfe fefe fe curv`s blpfrhóklc`s. Y3W Sf pufmf mfmuclr ue` fxprfslóe g`tfgàtlc` p`r` fxpklc`r fstf cdgpdrt`glfetd. K` fcu`clóe rfsuk rfs ukt` t`et etff sf cd cded edcf cf cd cdgd gd fc fcu` u`cl clóe óe mf Glcb`fkls-Gfetfe

 

Qg`x rfprfsfet` k` gàxlg` vfkdclm`m quf `kc`e `kc `ez` z` fk slstf slstfg` g`,, ` cd cdec ecfe fetr tr`c `cló lóe e mf su sust str` r`td td s`tu `tur`m r`md gàx gàxlgd lgd. Ig fs k` cdest`etf mf Glcb`fkls, lemlc` k` `alelm`m mf ue` fe fezzlg` pdr ue mftfrgle`md sustr`td.

Fs eugìrlc`gfetf lju`k ` k` cdecfetr`clóe mf sustr`td efcfs`rl` p`r` `kc`ez`r k` glt`m mf k` vf vfkd kdcl clm` m`m m gàxl gàxlg` g`,, sf fx fxpr prfs fs`` fe uelm`mfs mf sustr`td. ^`r` k` mftfrgle`clóe mf Ig y Qg`x sf b` prdpufstd fk gìtdmd mf Klefw`vfr-Huri, fe fk cu`k sf klef`klz` k` fcu`clóe mf Glcb`fkls-Gfetfe?

XF@C]LQDS \ G@]FXL@KFS XF@C]LQDS? Y8W

0.  Sustr`td? 0 gK mf sdkuclóe mf jkucds` 0G. 8.  Fezlg`? 86 gK Xf`ctlvd @ mfk ilt Jkucds` Dxlm`s`/^frdxlm`s` mf HldSystfgs®? Adsa`td 0>> gG, jkucds` jkucds` dxlm`s` dxlm`s` 5 0>V/gK, 0>V/gK, pfrdxlm`s` 5 0 V/gK, =-`gle =-`gled`etlp d`etlplrle` lrle` >,= gG,  pB :,6.

3. 

86 gK mf ^`tróe mf Jkucd Jkucds`/V s`/Vrf`/C rf`/Crf`tle rf`tlele`? le`? Jkucds` 6,66 gG, urf` 6> gj/mK, crf`tlele` 8 gj (mK. ^`tróe prlg`rld `cudsd).

G@]FXL@KFS? Y8W

0.

]uhds mf fes`yd

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2.  Frkfegfyfr. . 

Cuhft`s

mf

fspfctrdadtógftrd

kfctur`

mf

 

MFSCXL^CLÓE MFK GÌ]DMD ^rlgfr` p`rtf mfk fofrclcld pràctlcd  Fafctd mf k` cdecfetr`clóe mfk sustr`td ^`r` pdmfr trfs mftfrgle`r fk rfsukt`md k` cdecfetr`clóe sustr`td k` rf`cclóe fezlgàtlc`, sf prfp`ró sdkucldefs mf 06, 3,quf 0.6 tlfef gG fe B8D mfstlk`m`mf ` p`rtlr mf sdhrf ue` sdkuclóe g`mrf mf 0>>> gG, us`emd cdgd cdesfcuclóe ue` mlkuclóe sfrl`m`, pdr kd quf aufrde mlstrlhulm`s fe 01 tuhds cde fk drmfe y rf`ctlvd @ quf sf lemlc` sljulfetf fe k` t`hk`?

Kufjd, mf `jrfj`r Kufjd, `jrfj`r fk rf`ctlvd rf`ctlvd @ ` tdmds kds tuhds, tuhds, sf kkfv`rde kkfv`rde ` lecuh lecuh`r `r pdr 6 gleutds gleutds ` 3: ¾C. ^dstfrldrgfetf, sf glmló fe fk fspfctrdadtógftrd ` ue` kdejltum mf dem` mf 6>> eg, fgpfz`emd pdr fk B8D (hk`ecd). Sfjulm`gfetf sf kfyó kds tuhds 0 `k : mf g`efr` sfcufecl`k us`emd k` glsg` cuhft`. \  pdr ÿktlgd, k`vf k` cuhft` cde B8D mfstlk`m` mfstlk`m` y prdcfm` ` kffr k` `hsdrh`ecl` mfk p p`tróe. `tróe.

Sfjuem` p`rtf mfk fofrclcld pràctlcd  Fafctd mf k` tfgpfr`tur` sdhrf k` `ctlvlm`m fezlgàtlc`. Cdgd prlgfr p`sd, sf usó slftf tuhds mf fes`yd, kds prlgfrds sfls pdr mupklc`md, feugfr`mds cdgd sljuf (0, 0“)9 (8, 8“) y (3 3“). Kufjd sf g`rcó ue tuhd = cdrrfspdemlfetf `k hk`ecd cde B 8D mfstlk`m`. ^dr cdesljulfetf, kds p`rtfs sf lecuh`rde sfjÿe k` tfgpfr`tur` lemlc`m` fe k` sljulfetf t`hk`?  

 

Sfjulm`gfetf sf gdeltdrfó fk tlfgpd mf lecuh`clóe (6 gleutds) fe c`m` cdemlclóe mf tfgpfr`tur`, = y 1> ¾C fk rf`ctlv rf`ctlvd d mfhf fst`r fst`r prf lecuh` lecuh`md md ` fs`s tfgpfr` tfgpfr`tur`s. tur`s. \ p`r` al ale`klz` e`klz`rr sf kfyó cd cdgd gd `etfrldrgfetf y glmlfemd k` `hsdrh`ecl` mfk B8D cdgd rfafrfecl`.

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@hsdrh`ecl` 6>> eg

]uhd

@ctvlm`m fezlgàtc` Q`kd Q` kdrr dhsf dhsfrv rv`m `md d

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MLSCVSLÓE MF XFSVK]@MDS

◄ @spf @spfct ctds ds rfk rfkfv fv`e `etf tfs? s? 0. Kds Kds v` v`kd kdrfs rfs mf k` `ctlv `ctlvlm lm`m `m fe fezlg zlgàtl àtlc` c` sf fe fecu cufe fetr tr`e `e fe fetr trff >. >.>> >>8 8 y >. >.>> >>0= 0= ggdkfs/gleutd. 8. Kds v`kdrfs v`kdrfs quf quf k` vfkdclm` vfkdclm`m m mf rf`cclóe rf`cclóe mfetrd mfetrd mf ue ue tlfgpd tlfgpd mf 6 gleutd gleutds, s, sf fecufetr`e fe ue r`ejd fetrf >.>>1 y >.>0= ggdkfs/gleutd.

◄ ´^dr quì sf kf kk`g` Ig `p`rfetf y Qg`x ` `p`rfetf ` kds p`ràgftrds fezlgàtlcds fe fst` pràctlc`4 Fk Ig fs k` cdecfetr`clóe mf sustr`td fe k` cu`k k` vfkdclm`m mf rf`cclóe fs k` glt`m mf k` vfkdclm`m vfkdclm`m gàxlg`, gàxlg`, y `sç glsgd Qgàx Qgàx fs k` vfkdclm`m vfkdclm`m tfórlc` gàxlg` gàxlg` mf k` rf`cclóe quf fs c`t`klz`m` pdr ue` fezlg`. Fe k` pràctlc`, fst`s v`rl`hkfs sde kk`g`m`s `p`rfetfs y` quf sde kds p`ràgftrds mf fstumld

◄ ´Cuàk fs fk fafctd mf k` tfgpfr`tur` sdhrf k` vfkdclm`m mf ue` rf`cclóe fezlgàtlc`4   K` tfgpfr`tur` fs ued mf kds a`ctdrfs fxtfreds quf `afct`e k` vfkdclm`m mf ue` rf`cclóe fezlgàtlc`, y` quf, ` g`ydr jr`md mf tfgpfr`tur`, t`ghlìe `ugfet` k` vfkdcl vfk dclm`m m`m mf rf`ccló rf`cclóe. e. Cu`emd Cu`emd k` `ctlvl `ctlvlm`m m`m c`t`kçt c`t`kçtlc` lc` fs gàxlg` gàxlg`,, fs cu`emd cu`emd k` tfgpfr`tur` kkfj` ` su puetd óptlgd.

CDECKVSLDEFS? Cdgd `eàklsls mf kds fxpfrlgfetds rf`klz`mds fe fk k`hdr`tdrld y fe cu`etd ` kds rfsukt`mds, sf  pufmfe fxtr`fr k`s sljulfetfs cdeckusldefs? 0. Kds Kds rfsu rfsukt kt`m `mds ds mf k` `c `ctl tlvl vlm` m`m m fe fezl zlgà gàtlc tlc`` sf fe fecu cufe fetr tr`e `e mf mfet etrd rd mf ue r`ejd r`ejd fe fetr trff >.>>8 y >.>0= ggdk/gle. Fstds v`kdrfs sf fecufetr`e rfk`clde`mds y` quf, kd quf tlfefe fe cdgÿe tdm`s k`s gufstr`s fs k` `mlclóe mf 0 gK mf `ju` mfstlk`m`. 8. K` tfgpfr`tur` tfgpfr`tur` fs ue ue a`ctdr a`ctdr mftfrgle`etf mftfrgle`etf fe k`s rf`ccldefs rf`ccldefs fezlgàtlc fezlgàtlc`s `s y` quf `cfkfr` `cfkfr` d rft`rm` k` `cclóe mf k`s fezlg`s, tfelfemd fe cufet` quf ` g`ydr tfgpfr`tur` `ugfet` `ugfe t` k` `ctlvlm`m `ctlvlm`m fezlgàtlc`. fezlgàtlc`. K` prdmucclóe prdmucclóe mf hurhuo`s fs ue` fvlmfecl` fvlmfecl` mf fkkd

 

 pdrquf ` gfmlm` quf `ugfet`e kds jr`mds mf tfgpfr`tur`, `ugfet` su c`etlm`m y pdr  t`etd, k`s `ctlvlm`m mf k` fezlg`. 3. K` vfkdclm`m vfkdclm`m mf k` k` rf`cclóe v`rç` v`rç` mf `cufrmd `cufrmd ` k` cdecfet cdecfetr`clóe r`clóe mfk mfk sustr`td, sustr`td, y` quf quf `k `ugfet`r k` cdecfetr`clóe mf fstf, k` `ctlvlm`m fezlgàtlc` `ugfet`, b`st` `kc`ez`r  ue` vfkdclm`m gàxlg`9 fs `kkç mdemf k` fezlg` sf s`tur`.

HLHKLDJX@AÇ@

0. ^àjle`s w wffh ◄ bttp?//www.hrlx-k`h.cdg/lemfx.pbp/fs/levfstlj`clde-8/00