Cinetica Enzimatica de La Invertasa Mediante La Determinacion de La Velocidad Inicial de Reacciãn
November 21, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
Short Description
Download Cinetica Enzimatica de La Invertasa Mediante La Determinacion de La Velocidad Inicial de Reacciãn...
Description
HNJK]NHA KJ_NBA]NHA MK @A NJTKY]AXA BKMNAJ]K @A MK]KYBNJAHNEJ MK @A TK@EHNMAM NJNHNA@ MK YKAHHNÙJ Xkrfne parkmks y ouaj skrja Dujmahnøj ujnvkrsnmam mk abîrnha 93 mk Baye mk 931; 931-; 1. MA]EX 1.1. Kj prnbkra njstajhna sk pr kp ar araa `a sn fu nk jt k se se`` uh nø j?
Afua mkstn`ama ;33b@ mk se`uhnøj ;3f/@ mk f`uhesa
Xk kspkraj quk paskj ; bnj para afrkfar `a hajtnmam mk njvkrtasa a `es 6 tuies mk kjsaye 1.9. A partnr mk ksta se`uhnøj sk prkparaj kj 6 tuies mk kjsa kjsaye ye `as snfunkjtks se`uhnejks. Hebe sk bukstra kj `a snfunkjtk tai`a?
1.8. Mkspuîs mk gaikr rka`nzame `es rkspkhtnves iañes skre`øfnhes a `as tkbpkr tkb pkratu aturas ras ;3 ¿H y >9 ¿H, sk prehkmk a `kkr `es mates mk aise ai seri riaj ajhn hna a mk ha hama ma uj uja a mk `a `as s bukstras prkparamas kjujhnamas kj `a tai`a ajtkrner. E it itk kjnk nkjm jme `e `es s mksnf nfu unk nkj jtk tks va`erks kjeujaasâ `ejfntum ejma mks ;=3jb? ]ai`a
jÿbkre
9.
@khtu tura rass
aiseriajhna.
]ai`a jÿbkre 1.
Srkparahnøj mk `as se`uhnejks.
]ui e
1 9 8 = ; 4 6
f`uhesa/ druhtesa (b`)
Af ua (b` )
Ykahtn ve MJX( b`)
]uie mk Aiseriajhna kjsaye 3 1
3 1 9 8 = ; 4
4 ; = 8 9 1 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
9
3.378
8
3,=91
=
3,464
;
3.>18
4
1.9=7
6
1.;=8
A hama uje mk kstes tuies sk afrkfa afr kfa uja haj hajtnm tnmam am mkt mktkrb krbnja njama ma mk kjznba `a hua` tnkjk uja hejhkjtrahnøj mk 3.3=f/@.
mk
Hejhkjtrahnej Hejhk jtrahnej saharesa saharesa 2 9) B[KX]YA MK HA@H[@EX
Sara pemkr rka`nzar `a frádnha hntama kj `a fuâa sk mkikj ga``ar mnstnjtes parábktres prkvnabkjtk? prkvnabkjtk?
∄A
∄ A 2 Ab∙ Ai
Kj mejmk Ab sk rkdnkrk a `a aise aiseri riaj ajhn hnaa mk hama hama uj ujaa mk `as `as bukstras y Ai sk rkdnkrk a `a aiseriajhna mk` i`ajhe. Hejhkjtrahnøjj mk Xustrate Hejhkjtrahnø
Sa Sara ra ga ga`` ``ar ar `a hejh hejhkj kjtr trah ahnø nøjj mk sust sustra rate te sk mk mkik ik pasa pasarr mk mksm smkk `a hejhkjtrahnøj kj `a prnbkra bukstra gasta `a hejhkjtrahnøj kj `es tuies a utn`nzar. Sara kstk há`hu`e sk usa `a snfunkjtk khuahnøj? T 1∖H 1 2 T 9 9∖H 9
Kj mejmk `a njhøfjnta kj temes `es hases ks H 9 eitkjnkjme `a snfunkjtk khuahnøj? H 9 2
T 1∖H 1 1 T 9
Hejvkrsnøj mk ujnmamks
Sara pasar mk f/@ a bB sk tnkjk k` snfunkjtk dahter mk hejvkrsnøj. f ∖1 be` @ ∖1333 bB x fbe` 1 B
Sara saikr `a hejhkjtrahnøj mk saharesa kj hama mnse`uhnøj, sk rka`nza k` snfunkjtk há`hu`e?
T 9
(1)
Sara k` skfujme tuie< f ∖1 b` @ Hejhkjtrahnejsahar Hejhkjtrahnej saharesa esa 2;3 4 b` Hejhkjtrahnej saharesa saharesa 27.888888
f @
Sara eitkjkr `a hejhkjtrahnøj mk saharesa kj (bB µ sk rka`nza `a snfunkjtk hejvkrsnøj? H 2
H 1∖T 1
H n∖T n B ∖T D
*1333 (9)
Mejmk Hn 2 Hejhkjtrahnøj Hejhkjtrahnøj njnhna` mk se`uhnøj saharesa Tn2 Te`ubkj njnhna` mk se`uhnøj mk saharesa B2 Basa be`ar mk saharesa Td2 Te`ubkj dnja` mk `a se`uhnøj Sara k` hase mk` tuie 9, qukma mk `a snfunkjtk bajkra? f ∖ 3.331 @ @ ∖1333 bB f ∖ 3.334 @ 8=9 be` h2 1 B ;3
H 2 9=.86bB Ser etre `ame, para mktkrbnjar `a ahtnvnmam kjznbátnha mk `a njvkrtasa kj `a ` a saharesa sk utn`nza `a snfunkjtk khuahnøj? Ahtnvnmam 2
ΝA (9) t ∖H
Mejmk ΝA? Ais iser eria iajjhna hna mk` i`aj i`ajhe he (A (Ai) i) ‘ Aiseriajhna mk `a bukstra (Ab)
t? tnkb tnkbpe pe mk ahtn ahtnvn vnma mamm mk `a kjz kjznb nbaa, herrkspejmk a `es 93 bnj mk` tnkbpe mk njhuiahnøj mk` prnbkr ha`kjtabnkjte. H? he hejh jhkj kjtr trah ahnø nøjj mk `a kjzn kjznba ba (bf (bf mk pretkâja) Xk tnkj tnkjkj kj 3.3= 3.3=f/ f/@ @ mk kjzn kjznba ba,, mejm mejmkk 1f kqunva`k a 1333bf, eitkjnîjmesk =3 bf/@ mk kjznba< `es hua`ks kqunva`kj a 3.19 bf mk kjznba, huye va`er rksu`ta mk bu`tnp`nhar =3 bf ∙8 ∖8∖13 @,
kstes
@
`ntres
he herr rrks kspe pejjmkj a` ve`u ve`ubk bkjj mk kjzn kjznb ba afrkfame a hama uje mk `es tuies. Xk ga``a para k` tuie 9, k` há`hu`e mk `a ahtnvnmam mk `a snfunkjtk derba? Ν A 2 3.336
H 23.3=
f ∖1333 bf @
2 =3
1f
H 2=3
bf
derb rbaa tkjnkjme kj hukjta quk `a hejhkjtrahnøj mes ks nfua` a 7.88888888 f/@ y quk k` ve`ubkj mes ks nfua` a 4b@ kj temes `es hases. A hejtnjuahnøj sk bukstraj `es va`erks eitkjnmes para hama bukstra. @es va @es va`e `erk rkss mk ai aise seri riaj ajhn hnaa qu qukk sk pukmkj eiskrvar para hama uje mk `es tuies je dukrej ga``ames kj k` `aieraterne, kstes dukrej dahn`ntames per `a mehkjtk. Mktkrbnjahnøj mk `a hejhkjtrahnøj 9 snj njvkrtasa
]ai`a jÿbkre 8.
]u ie mk kj sa ye
Xe` uhn øj mk sah are
b`
f/`
3
1
sa (;3 f/`) b` b b` ` 3 8 4
1
3
3.37 8
9
1
9
4
1
7.88
3,=9 1
8
9
1
4
1
14,46
3,46 4
=
8
3
4
1
9;
3.>1 8
;
=
9
4
1
88.88
1.9= 7
4
;
1
4
1
=1.46
1.;= 8
6
4
3
4
1
;3
`
bf ∙8 ∖8∖13 @23.19 bf ` t 293 bnj
A f u a
Te `u bk dnj a`
Yk ahtn ve MJ X
Hejh Ais kjtrah eria nøj jhna dnja` mk sahar esa
Ykkbp`azajme kj `a khuahnøj 9 Ahtnvnmam 2
3.336
93 bnj∖3.19 bf ∙1
∙1
Ahtnvnmam 23.339>9 bnj ∖bf
8. YKX[@]AMEX 8.1.
Huaj Huajme me sk pr prkp kpar arøø `a bu buks kstr traa njmnhama kj k` jubkra` 1.1 sk eitnkjk uja hejhkjtrahnøj mktkrbnjama ha`h ha`hu` u`am amaa hebe hebe sk kkxp xprk rksø sø kj `a bukstra mk há`hu`e eitkjnkjme mk ksta derba k` snfunkjtk va`er. Hejhkjtrahnej Hejhkjtr ahnej saharesa saharesa 27.88888888
f @
8.9. Sara `es tuies mk `a tai`a jubkre 1 ha`hu`ajme `a hejhkjtrahnøj hejhkjtrahnøj mk `a bnsba
A hejtnjuahnøj tebajme `es va`erks mk `a aiseriajhna y `a hejhkjtrahnøj dnja` mk saharesa snkjme sk rka`nzara ha`nirahnøj ksta? `a hurva mk
Hurva mk Ha`nirahnej 9 ) b j 1.; ( d(x) 2 3.381>897;61= x ∙ 3.1334361=974 a n 1 h Y¹ 2 3.>77614749;=8= 3.>77614749;=8=31 31 j a v 3.; e r s i 3 A 3
13
93
83
=3
;3
43
Hejhkjtrahnøj (f/@) N`ustrahnøj 1.Hurva mk Ha`nirahnej
]ai`a jÿbkre =. Aiseriajhna
tuie
vs
Hejhkjtrahnøj Aiseriajhna Hejhkjtrahnøj dnja` mk (;=3 jb) saharesa (f/@)
1 9
3 3,378
3 7.88
8
3,=91
14,46
=
3,464
9;
;
3,>18
88.88
4
1,9=7
=1.46
6
Kj pr prnb nbkr kr be bebk bkjt jtee sk ha`h ha`hu` u`ar araa `a ahtnv ahtnvnm nmam am hej hej `es `es mates mates mk aise aiseri riaj ajhn hnaa eitkjnmes mk` `aieraterne, `ukfe sk ga``araj `as `as ahtn ahtnvn vnma mamk mkss hej hej `as `as aise aiseri riaj ajhn hnas as jerba`nzamas kjvnamas per `a mehkjtk. Ksta sk gahk hej k` dnj mk hebparar `es `es rksu`tames y mk skr pesni`k nmkjtndnhar quk taj iukja duk `a njvkrtasa para ``kvar ahaie mnhge `aieraterne. Kj huaj huajte te a `a ahtn ahtnvn vnma mamm kjzn kjznbá bátn tnha ha,, sk mkdnjk `a ujnmam mk ahtnvnmam kjznbátnha ([ ([)) hebe hebe `a haj hajtnma tnmamm mk kjzn kjznba ba quk hata`nza `a hejvkrsnøj mk 1 »be` mk sustrate kj uj bnjute.1
Mkspuîs mk mktkrbnjar `a hejhkjtrahnøj dnja` sk prehkmk a ha`hu`ar `es va`erks mk` ∄A. Kj `a snfunkjtk tai`a sk bukstraj mnhges va`erks. Je.; Je.;.. Mk Mktk tkrb rbnj njah ahnø nøj j mk va`erks mk ∄A. (mates kxpkrnbkjta`ks)
]ai`a ai`a 1,;=8
;3
tuie
@a fradnhaks `a snfunkjtk?
9
Aiseriajhna 6*13∙8
∄A 6*13∙8
8
6*13∙8
6*13∙8
=
9.1*13∙9
9.1*13∙9
;
>*13∙8
>*13∙8
4
3 8.9*13∙9
3 8.9*13∙9
6
1
j Ahtvnmam kjznbátha. 0gp?//www.kgu.ks/inebe`khu`as/kjznbas/kj z8.gb#ak: z8.gb#ak :
]ai`a Je.4. Mktkrbnjahnøj
mk va`erks mk ∄A (m (mat ates es jerb jerba` a`nz nzam ames es kjvn kjvnam ames es per k` mehkjtk) mehkjtk)
kjzn kjznbá bátn tnha ha hejhkjtrahnøj (mates kxpkrnbkjta`ks) ]ai` ]a i`a a
Je.6 Je.6..Ah Ahtn tnvn vnma mamm
]uie
Ahtnvnmam ( ∙1
∙1
bnj ∖bf tuie
Aiseriajhna
3,378
)
∄A
1
3,378
3
vs
Hejhkjtrahnø j saharesa( bB µ
3 ∙8
89 = ; 4 6
9
3,=91
3,=91
8
3,464
3,464
3,>18
3,>18
1,9=7
1,9=7
1,;=8
1,;=8
9.>9*13 9.>9* 13 7.6;*13 8.6;*13 3 1.88*13
∙8
∙8
∙8
∙9
9=.86 =7.6= 68.1 >6.=6 191.78 1=4.93
Kstes mates sk vkj rkprkskjtames kj `a
=
snfunkjtk fradnha.
;
4
6
Dnja`bkjtk sk prehkmk a taiu`ar `es N`ustrahnøj 9. Ahvnmam vs Hejhkjtrahnøj mk` sustrate - Mates mate matess jkhk jkhksa sarn rnes es para para kxpr kxprks ksar ar `a Kxpkrnbkjta`ks ahtnvnmam mk `a kjznba mk derba frádnha. Xk mkik tkjkr kj hukjta quk k` tnkbpe mk ahtnvnmam mk `a kjznba herrkspejmk a `es `es vknj knjtk bnju njutes tes mk` tnkb tnkbpe pe mk njhu njhuia iahn hnøj øj (p (prn rnbk bkrr ha`k ha`kjt jtab abnk nkjt jtee a 43³H)< amkbás `a hejhkjtrahnøj mk `a kjz jznb nbaa ks mk =3 bf/@ /@,, `es `es hua`k ua`kss kqunva`kj a 3,19 bf mk pretkâja, kstk va`er rksu`ta mk bu`tnp`nhar =3
bf ∙8 13 @, ∖8 W 13 @
kstes
`ntres
herrkspej herrks pejmkj mkj a` ve` ve`ubk ubkjj mk kjznba kjznba afrkfame a hama uje mk `es tuies. Asâ sk eitnkjk `a snfunkjtk tai`a
AH]NTNMAM MK @A NJT KY]AXA KY]AXA vs \R X[X] X[X]YA]E YA]E
3.31= 3.319
1 Z f 3.31 b / 3.337 1 d(x) Z 2 -=.=>337>4678313>K-3; x + 3.331==7>438;11>=9; j 3.334 Y¹ 2 n 3.1669389>;13=168 3.1669389>;1 3=168 b Xkrnks9 m 3.33= a m n @njkar v 3.339 t (Xkrnks9) h A 3 3 = 3 3 7 3 3 bB 9 3 3 Hejhkjtrahnøj 1
4 3 3 1
b / 1 Z j n
b m a m n v 3.7 t h A 3.4
AH]NTNMAM MK @A AH]NTNMAM NJTKY]AXA vs \ R X[X]YA]E
Ais 2 3.9 3 3.336 Hejhkjtrahnøj Hejhkjtr ahnøj bB bB 3 93 =X3krnk 4s39 73 133 1k 19 9a 3r1= 1(= 1 @nj X3 kr14 kr nk4s39) y x2 hejhkjtrahnøj d(x) 2 3.33=7>=;98679 x ∙ 3.3679496>=371 Y¹ 2 3.>>6=387989>;4> 3.=
kjzn kjznbá bátn tnha ha vs he hejjhk hkjjtrah trahnø nøjj (m (maate tess jerba` rba`nz nzam amees kjvnames per k` mehkjtk) ]ai`a ai`a
]uie
Je.7 Je.7..Ah Ahtn tnvn vnma mamm
Ahtnvnmam ( bnj ∖bf
Hejhkjtrahnø j saharesa(
)
bB µ
∙1
1 9 8 = ; 4 6
∙1
3 8.=4*13 1.6;*13 9.79*13 8.73*13 ;.9µ 13 4.=8*13
9=.86
∙1
=7.6= 68.1 >6.=6 191.78 1=4.93
∙1
∙1
∙1
y + 3.1334 3.381>
3
∙9
∙1
y 2 3.381>x ‘ 3.1334 2 x
x 28.86 f / `
Mk ks ksta ta de derb rbaa sk ha`hu ha`hu`a `are rejj `as `as mkbá mkbáss hejhkjtrahnejks para `as se`uhnejks mk hama tuie mk kjsaye. ]ai`a jÿbkre >.Ha`hu`e mk hejhkjrahnøj mk premuhe
Kstes mates sk vkj rkprkskjtames kj `a snfunkjtk fradnha.
]uie mk kjsaye Hejhkjtrahnøj mk
premuhte (f/`) 8.1; 1 8.86 9 N`ustrahnøj 8. Ahvnmam vs Hejhkjtrahnøj mk` sustrate- Mates 8.86 8 Jerba`nzames 8.71 = 8.== ; 8.1; 4 6 =.14
@es maes rkfnsrames kj `a ai`a Je.> sej us usam ames es para para ha ha`h `hu` u`ar ar `e `ess pará parábk bkr res es hnjî hnjîth thes es,, prnb prnbkr kre e sk mk mkik ikj j ha ha`h `hu` u`ar ar `a vk`ehn vk`ehnmam mam njn njnhna` hna`,, huye huye há`hu` há`hu`e e rksu` rksu`a a kj mnvnmnr mnvnm nr hama hejhkjrahn hejhkjrahnøj øj mk premuhe premuhe kjrk k` tkbpe mk ahtvnmam kj kjzn znbá báth tha( a(93 93bn bnj) j)W ‘ 3.1334
6
Hurva mk ha`nirahnøj
Tk`ehnmam Tk`ehn mam Njn Njnhna hna`` (f/@*bnj) 1;.6;*13∙9 14.7;*13∙9 14.7;*13∙9 1>.3;*13∙9 16.9*13∙9 1;.6;*13∙9 93.7*13∙9
9
Y 2 3.>776
Hej `a hurva mk ha`nirahnøj (aiseriajhnas vs hejh hejhkj kjtr trah ahnø nøj) j) sk ha`h ha`huu`ar `arej `as `as hejhkj hej hkjtra trahne hnejks jks mk` pre premuh muhte te par paraa ham hamaa tuie tuie mk kj kjsa saye ye hej hej `as `as aise aiseri riaj ajhn hnas as bkmnmas a ;=3 jb? ]uie mk kjsaye Je.9
@ukfe mk ga``ar `as vk`ehnmamks, ebabes `a hejhkjrahnøj ja` mk saharesa, para asn fra fraha harr `a vk`e vk`ehn hnma mam m kjzn kjznbá bát tha vs `a he hejh jhkj kjr rahn ahnøj øj mk sus susra rae e.. @e @ess va va`e `erk rkss ksá ksáj j rkpr rkprks kskj kja ame mess mk `a snfu snfunk nkj jk k bajkra?
]ai`a Je.11. Maes mk vk`ehnmam njnhna` y hejhkjrahnøj mk saharesa
Mk `a bnsba bnsba derba sk ebaraj `es maes jerba`nzames per k` mehkjk, para asn ha`hu`ar `es rksu`ames ajkrnerks. Kses skráj `es maes quk ebarkbes para para besrar `a vk`ehnmam báxnba y `a hejsajk h ejsajk mk bnhgak``ns, ya quk `es rksu`ames quk jes mne kxpkrnbkja`bkjk je dukrej `es bkoerks. Hurva mk ha`nirahnøj
Khuahnøj mk `a rkhta ^2 3.381>W ‘ 3.1334 9
Y 2 3.>776
]uie mk kjsaye Je.9 Ais 2 3.378
]uie mk kjsaye 1 9 8 = ; 4 6
Tk`ehnmam Njnhna` (f/@*bnj) ∙9
1;.6;*13 14.7;*13∙9 14.7;*13∙9 1>.3;*13∙9 16.9*13∙9 1;.6;*13∙9 93.7*13∙9
Hejhkjtrahnøj dnja` mk saharesa (f/@)
y
y 2 3.381>x ‘ 3.1334 y + 3.1334
3 7.88 14.46 9; 88.88 =1.46 ;3
x 2;.6; f / `
Mk ksta derba sk ha`hu`arej `as mkbás hejhkjtrahnejks para `as se`uhnejks mk hama tuie mk kjsaye. ]ai`a jÿbkre 19. Ha`hu`e mk hejhkjrahnøj mk premuhe
]uie mk kjsaye Tk`ehnmam Kjznbaha vs
6 93
83
=3
;3
43
Hejhkjtrahnej mk Xustrate (f/@)
N`ustrahnøj =.Tk`ehnmam Kjznbaha vs Hejhjtrahnej mk sustrate
Hejhkjtrahnøj mk premuhte (f/`) 8.1; ;.6; 14.8; 9=.8; 81.66 =9.97 ;1.;9
19 8 = ; 4
Hejhkjtrahnej mk sustrate
13
2 x
3.381>
Kstes va`erks sk vkj rkprkskjtames kj `a snfunkjtk fradnha?
) 9.;3K-31 j n b * 9.33K-31 @ / f ( ` 1.;3K-31 a n h n j N 1.33K-31 m a m n ;.33K-39 h e ` k 3.33K+33 T 3
x2 hejhkjtrahnøj
@es maes rkfnsrames kj `a ai`a Je.19 sej us usam ames es para para ha ha`h `hu` u`ar ar `e `ess pará parábk bkr res es hnjî hnjîth thes es,, prnb prnbkr kre e sk mk mkik ikj j ha ha`h `hu` u`ar ar `a vk`ehn vk`ehnmam mam njn njnhna` hna`,, huye huye há`hu` há`hu`e e rksu` rksu`a a kj mnvnmnr mnvnm nr hama hejhkjrahn hejhkjrahnøj øj mk premuhe premuhe kjrk
k`
tkbpe
mk
ahtvnmam
kj kjzn znbá báth tha( a(93 93bn bnj) j)3
3,39= 3,318
]ai`a 1;.Ha`hu`e mk `a hejhkjrahnøj mk premuhe (Maes Kxpkrnbkja`ks)
Tk`ehnmam Kjznbaha vs Hejhkjtrahnej mk sustrate
8 j n 9.; b * @ / 9 f ( ` a n 1.; h n j N 1 m a m n 3.; h e ` k T 3
3
d(x) 2 3.399788;=84319=3; x + 3.=791398=>>=781 3.=791398=>>=781= = Y¹ 2 3.>39;88>1=8= 3.>39;88>1=8=>=31 >=31
Tarnahnøj mk `a kbpkraura mk rkahhnøj ]kbpkraura (³H) Hejh. (f/@) ;3 8.>1 >3 8.;4
Kses maes sej eikjnmes mk uj
93 =3 4mk 3 sutrate(f/@ 73 133 Hejhkjtrahnej
193
kxpkrnbkje mndkrkjk hej uj bkoer prehkmnbnkje, `es maes mk hejhkjrahnøj mk premuhe y susrae sk eitkjkj mk `a bnsba bajkra quk `es ajkrnerks
N`ustrahnøj ;.Tk`ehnmam Kjznbaha vs Hejhjtrahnej mk sustrate
@a vk`ehnmam báxnba ks 9.;64 (f/@*bnj) @a ahtvnmam kjznbátha para k` bemk`e mk bnhgak`ns hej `es maes eikjnmes sk kjhukjra rkprkskjames per `a pkjmnkjk mk `a fráha 3.3997 há`hu`es mk `a hejsajk mk bnhgak`ns
]ai`a Je.14. (Ma aes es mk rksu rksu` `am ames es jerba` jer ba`nza nzames mes kjvnam kjvnames es per k` mehkj mehkjk) k) Hejhkjrahnøj vs Aiseriajhna
Tarnahnøj mk `a hejhkjrahnøj mk saharesa Hejhkjrahnøj saharesa Aiseriajhna f/` jb
3 7,8 14,6 9; 88,8 44,6 133
3 3,31; 3,3;8 3,36> 3,3>4 3,197 3,1;;
]ai` ]ai`a a Je.1 Je.1=. =. Maes aes mk rk rkssu` u`a ame mess jerba` jer ba`nza nzames mes kjvna kjvnames mes per k` mehkj mehkjk) k) Kdkhe kj k` habine mk `a kbpkraura
Tarnahnøj mk `a kbpkraura mk rkahhnøj ]kbpkraura Aiseriajhna ³H jb ;3 3,389 >3 3,33>
]ai`a Je.1; Ha`hu`e mk `a hejhkjrahnøj mk premuhe
Tarnahnøj mk `a kbpkraura mk rkahhnøj ]kbpkraura hejhkjrahnej ³H f/` ;3 =.14 >3 8.==
AJA@NXNX MK YKX[@]AMEX
View more...
Comments
