Ciclo de Smyth

 

^hrh iibvhr h chjo ch jo procbsos `b rblibxgók sb mhk propubsto kuebrosos eo`bios. Rko `b biios bs bi bihjorh`o por Segtm (8778) y qub coksth `b 0 lhsbs o bthphs, qub sb `bthiihk bk 8.. ih lgfurh 8

 

 

^hrh bstb hutor, bi procbso rblibxgvo surfb `bs`b ih kbcbsg`h` `b fbkbrhr chejgos posgtgvos bk ihs bscubihs, pbro `bs`b sus jhsbs, bs `bcgr, `bs`b ih pbrcbpcgók `b uk projibeh prolbsgokhi rbhigzh`o por bi prolbsor. ^or thkto, bk ch`h ukh `b ihs lhsbs, ih hctuhcgók `bi `ocbktb bs luk`hebkthi. Bstb eo`bio sb orgfgkh bk procbsos `b lorehcgók coktgkuh, por biio sb prbsbkth coeo ukh jubkh opcgók hi eoebkto `b lorehr gkvbstgfh`orbs bk @g`èctgch `b ih Ehtbeètgch qub `b`gchk ukh hsgfkhturh hi `bshrroiio y hi cokocgegbkto prolbsgokhi `bi prolbsor. Bxgstbk hktbcb`bktbs sojrb cóeo bstb cgcio rblibxgvo eubstrh sus lrutos bk prolbsorbs `b ehtbeètgchs (Liorbs y Lbrkèk`bz, 1 Øhkcupgi, Chrkbgro y Liorbs, :>831 ^bøhs, :>>31 ^bøhs y Liorbs, :>>2). Bk bstb trhjhdo sb `bscrgjb uk cgcio `b rblibxgók `bs`b ih pbrspbctgvh `bi loreh`or.

:>>8

@urhktb `gcmo curso sb gkvgtó h ios bstu`ghktbs h `bscrgjgr uk projibeh prolbsgokhi rbihcgokh`o cok ih prèctgch. H phrtgr `b ih bxpbrgbkcgh prbvgh, sb `bcg`gó pihktbhr uk projibeh rbihcgokh`o cok ih hctuhcgók coeo c oeo loreh`or `b prolbsorbs, bk ih Rkgvbrsg`h` Ebtropoigthkh `b Cgbkcghs `b ih B`uchcgók, bk Cmgib. H coktgkuhcgók sb `bscrgjb bi procbso iibvh`o h chjo, gk`gchk`o ihs bthphs qub sb rbcorrgbrok, `b hcubr`o cok bi eo`bio propubsto por Segtm (8778). CGCIO @B ZBLIB]GÓK

Bi cgcio `b rblibxgók `b Segtm (8778), bstè coepubsto `b cuhtro lhsbs o bthphs4 h) `bscrgpcgók, j) gkspgrhcgók, c) coklrokthcgók y `) rbloreuihcgók. H coktgkuhcgók, sb eubstrh bstb procbso, bklhtgzhk`o bk ios hspbctos rbihtgvos h ih rblibxgók rbhigzh`h por bi loreh`or. @BSCZG^CGÓK

Rk prgebr rbqugsgto phrh ih hctgtu` rblibxgvh bs pbrcgjgr ih prèctgch `ocbktb coeo projibeètgch. ^or thkto uk prgebr phso `b bstb cgcio bs pbrcgjgr ihs projibeètgchs `b ih prèctgch `ocbktb, phrh io cuèi bs `b utgig`h` sbr chphz `b ’`bscrgjgr kubstrhs prèctgchs y (h) utgigzhr `gcmhs `bscrgpcgokbs coeo jhsb phrh postbrgorbs `bjhtbs y `bshrroiios" (Segtm, 8778,p. :=:). Bk bsth prgebrh bthph sb rbhigzó ih `blgkgcgók `b ukh sgtuhcgók qub bebrfåh coeo uk projibeh prolbsgokhi. ^hrh `bscrgjgrio, bk ukh prgebrh lhsb sb rb`hctó bk loreh `b khrrhcgók, trhthk`o `b hcihrhr io eès posgjib. Bk bstb chso, sb bxpigcó, qub bi coktbxto lub bk bi trhkscurso `b ih hsgfkhturh @g`èctgch `b Sbctorbs, chrrbrh `b pb`hfofåh, bk ukh ukgvbrsg`h` cmgibkh. Ios bstu`ghktbs sb eostrhrok euy Cmhrkhy, 8770

rbcbptgvos eo`bio `bcok bksbøhkzh hproxgehtgvo pihktbh`o ( eostrhk`o rblibxgokbshicombrbktbs io bxpubsto por bi hutor y rbcmhzhk`o r bcmhzhk`o ukh)1bksbøhkzh purhebktb procb`gebkthi `b ihs ehtbeètgchs. Sgk bejhrfo, cuhk`o sb ojsbrvhk prèctgchs bk ihs huihs, sb hprbcgh qub ios bstu`ghktbs ehkglgbsthk uk eo`bio korehtgvo bk su hctuhr. Bk tçregkos `b Cmhrkhy (8770), sb corrbspok`b cok toehr uk roi `ocbktb `b bxposgtor, chrhctbråstgch qub prb`oegkh bk ios luturos prolbsorbs, bk bi qub gkciuso ko pbregtbk rbspok`br h sus bstu`ghktbs, mhcgçk`oio biios egseos sgk `hr tgbepo `b pbkshr ukh rbspubsth. ^hrh hjor`hr y coeprbk`br bi projibeh, sb lochigzó h trhvçs `b ihs trbs gktbrrofhktbs qub bi hutor `bsthch coeo `btbregkhktbs bk rbihcgók hi projibeh prèctgco `bsthch`o4 ¿qugçk?, ¿quç? y ¿qugçkbs? sok ios hlbcth`os. Hcihrhr bstos hspbctos, fbkbrh ios 8.. bibebktos qub sb eubstrhk bk ih thjih 8 Phjih 8 @blgkgcgók `bi projibeh prolbsgokhi

 

^rojib eh Kgvbi4 Rkgvbrsgthrgo Chrrbrh4 ^b`hfofåh ^b`hfofåh Pbrcbr høo `b chrrbrh. \G sbebstrb. Rso `b ih Coktbx rbsoiucgók `b projibehs bk cihsbs `b ehtbeètgchs. ^rojibehs hrgteçtgcos `b bkukcgh`o to vbrjhi. Ios bstu`ghktbs tgbkbk uk `gscurso tbórgco euy rgco sojrb ih geporthkcgh y bi roi `b ih rbsoiucgók `b projibehs bk ihs cihsbs `b ehtbeètgchs, pbro hi ojsbrvhr sus cihsbs @çlgcgt prèctgchs, sb hprbcgh qub hpigchk uk eo`bio korehtgvo `b ih bksbøhkzh, sóio ushk ios projibehs coeo gkstruebkto `b bvhiuhcgók. ^rojib ¿Cóeo bksbøhr h ios luturos prolbsorbs phrh qub coeprbk`hk bi roi `b ih rbsoiucgó r bsoiucgók k `b eh projibehs projibeh s hrgteçtgcos h`gtgvos bk cihsbs `b ehtbeètgchs?

GKS^GZHCGÓK O GKLOZEHCGÓK

Ih soih `bscrgpcgók `b ukh sgtuhcgók qub sb coksg`brh projibeètgch ko bs sulgcgbktb. Rkh vbz rbhigzh`o bi bdbrcgcgo `b `blgkgr y `bscrgjgr cihrhebktb bi projibeh bk ih bksbøhkzh gkgcghi `b prolbsorbs, sb `bjb hvhkzhr h vhkzhr h uk sbfuk`o bsth`go. Ih lhsb sgfugbktb corrbspok`b h ih `b gklorehcgók o gkspgrhcgók. Bk phihjrhs `b Segtm (8778), jusch  ’¿cuèi bs bi sbktg`o `b eg bksbøhkzh?― (p. :=:). Bi ojdbtgvo `b bsth lhsb bs hcihrhr ihs crbbkcghs propghs sojrb ’ibybs ukgvbrshibs qub rgfbk ih bksbøhkzh― (p. :=:). Bsto sb trh`ucb bk bkcoktrhr cuèibs sok ios ehrcos tbórgcos qub eubvbk o gkspgrhk ih hccgók qub mgzo hctuhr `b `btbregkh`h loreh, `hk`o orgfbk hi projibeh prolbsgokhi. Bxgstbk `gvbrshs bstrhtbfghs phrh lhvorbcbr bstb `gsthkcghegbkto. Bk bstb coktbxto sb rbhigzó eb`ghktb ih coihjorhcgók `b ios coephøbros `bi curso, qugbkbs bkukcghrok crbbkcghs qub hprbcghjhk bk bi pihktbhegbkto `bi projibeh. H phrtgr `bi rbhctgvo yo crbo qub tô crbbs… surfb uko `b ios bibebktos eès sgfkglgchtgvos. Ihs hporthcgokbs `b ios coephøbros iibvhrok h bxhegkhr coeo crbbkcgh propgh qub ih rbsoiucgók `b projibeh bs ukh ebto`oiofåh trhksvbrshi h cuhiqugbr coktbkg`o ehtbeètgco, sgk vbr ih coepibdg`h` `b ihs `glbrbktbs ehkbrhs `b trhjhdhrio. Bi bstu`ghktb/loreh`or pbkshjh qub cuhiqugbr prolbsor io trhb gktbrkhigzh`o, sgk toehr bk cubkth ihs tboråhs `btrès `b ih rbsoiucgók `b projibehs. Bsths phihjrhs provochrok ih kbcbsg`h` `b rbvgshr cóeo sb cokcbptuhigzh ih rbsoiucgók `b projibehs, bk bi phpbi `b loreh`or `b prolbsorbs. Ih coihjorhcgók `b ios coephøbros pbregtgó rbcokocbr qub, blbctgvhebktb bi `gscurso mhsth bsb eoebkto sb `grgfåh h bktbk`br b ktbk`br ih rbsoiucgók coeo ukh ebto`oiofåh h hpigchr y ko h coksg`brhrih bk ih coepibdg`h` `b su trhthegbkto bk bi huih. ^or otro ih`o, y bk ukh egrh`h fbkbrhi sojrb ch`h crbbkcgh bxpubsth Cmhrkhy, por ios8770phrbs, sb ojsbrvh ih hpropghcgók `b uk eo`bio hproxgehtgvo `bi cokocgegbkto ( ) `bs`b `ók`b surfb ih projibeètgch. Bstb sb propokb phrtgr `b eo`bios, `b cokcbpcgokbs bxgstbktbs bk bi hiueko y pokbrihs h prubjh phrh ebdorhrihs, eo`glgchrihs o cokstrugrihs1 bi prolbsor propokb y orfhkgzh ukh sbrgb `b sgtuhcgokbs cok `gstgktos ojstècuios, orfhkgzh ihs `glbrbktbs lhsbs `b gkvbstgfhcgók, loreuihcgók, vhig`hcgók b gkstgtucgokhigzhcgók1 orfhkgzh ih coeukgchcgók `b ih cihsb, propokb bk bi eoebkto h`bcuh`o ios bibebktos cokvbkcgokhibs `bi shjbr (kothcgokbs, sgejoiofåhs)1 bi hiueko bkshyh, jusch, propokb soiucgokbs, ihs coklrokth cok ih `b sus coephøbros, ihs `blgbk`b o ihs `gscutb. Bi shjbr bs coksg`brh`o cok su iófgch propgh. Bsth sbrgb `b `bscrgptorbs pbregtbk vbr ih coepibdg`h` `b bksbøhr ih rbsoiucgók `b projibehs, y eubstrhk hifukhs crbbkcghs, qub mhcbk kothr ih gkfbkug`h` cok qub sb mhjåh bktbk`g`o bi hcto `b hprbk`br ehtbeètgchs por eb`go `b ih rbsoiucgók `b projibehs. \hk `b Vhiib, Ahrp y Jhy-Vgiighes (:>83) y eès rbcgbktbebktb, Chstro y Zuåz-Mg`hifo (:>82) mhcbk uk coepibto rbcorrg`o `glbrbktbs cokcbptos qub prolbsor `bjgbrh cokocbr. hejos chsos, qub`hpor bkios bvg`bkcgh bi frhk kôebro `buk cokocgegbktos qub sb `bjbk Bk

 

pokbr bk dubfo bk uk hcto pb`hfófgco qub utgigcb ih rbsoiucgók `b projibehs y ih gktrgkch`h rbihcgók qub `bjb `hrsb bktrb biios. COKLZOKPHCGÓK

Rkh vbz gk`hfh`o bk ihs tboråhs sujyhcbktbs h ih prèctgch, sb bstè bk `gsposgcgók `b rblibxgokhr cok otros o h ih iuz `b hportbs tbórgcos. Bstb cgcio `b rblibxgók sb rbhigzó, prgkcgphiebktb, por bi ôitgeo chegko ebkcgokh`o. Segtm (8778) io `bscrgjb h trhvçs `b ih prbfukth ’¿Cóeo iibfuç h sbr `b bstb eo`o?― (p. :=2). Cok su rbspubsth, sb bspbrh coklrokthr ih posgcgók `b qugbk rbhigzh bi cgcio `b rblibxgók cok sus crbbkcghs y cokvgccgokbs, eostrhk`o ihs g`bhs qub kos iibvhrok h hctuhr `b bsh loreh. Bk bi curso, bsth lhsb coebkzó cok ios hportbs bktrb phrbs phrh hlrokthr ios projibehs pihktbh`os, sufgrgbk`o tbxtos qub trhthrhk hspbctos `b `gcmo projibeh. @b bstos `ocuebktos, hså coeo `b ukh jôsqub`h eès sgstbeètgch sojrb ih geporthkcgh `b ih rbsoiucgók r bsoiucgók `b projibehs bk ih bksbøhkzh `b ihs ehtbeètgchs y ios bibebktos qub ih coklgfurhk, surfbk ihs hprbcghcgokbs qub sb `bscrgjbk h coktgkuhcgók. Ih crbbkcgh `b qub ko mhy kh`h eès jèsgco bk ukh `gscgpigkh qub su eo`o `b pbkshr (Cmhrkhy, 8770), iibvh h pihktbhrsb coeo uk projibeh, bi qub ios luturos prolbsorbs sbhk chphcbs `b bksbøhr por eb`go `b ih rbsoiucgók `b projibehs y to`o io qub bso sgfkglgch. Sgk bejhrfo, hprbcgheos qub bs gkfbkuo sgepiglgchrio h uk kgvbi `b ebto`oiofåh o bstrhtbfgh. Zbsoivbr projibehs eucmhs vbcbs sb hsocgh cok bksbøhr h pbkshr (Ehybr, 87=>8). Jhdo bsth prbegsh, y por bi coktbxto `b lorehcgók, bs kbcbshrgo g`bktglgchr quç bibebktos `b cokocgegbkto prolbsgokhi rbqugbrbk ios prolbsorbs phrh rbhigzhr ukh bksbøhkzh blbctgvh `b ih rbsoiucgók `b projibehs bk bi huih. Bk bstb coktbxto, hôk ko bxgstb ukh sgstbehtgzhcgók sojrb quç `bjb shjbr uk prolbsor phrh bksbøhr ih rbsoiucgók `b projibehs. Cmhpehk (:>82) rbhigzh uk prgebr gktbkto phrtgbk`o `bi eo`bio Ehtmbehtgchi Akowib`fb lor Pbhcmgkf (EAP) (Jhii, Pmhebs y ^mbips, :>>=). Bk bsth sgstbehtgzhcgók, sb rbcurrgó h ihs prgkcgphibs gkvbstgfhcgokbs bk torko h ih rbsoiucgók `b projibehs. @b hcubr`o cok bsth hutorh, ih bksbøhkzh `b ih rbsoiucgók `b projibehs bs uk sgstbeh qub sb rbihcgokh bstrbcmhebktb (vbr lgfurh : :). ). Bi ehrco `b Cmhpehk (:>82) sb coepokb `b ih coepbtbkcgh `bi prolbsor phrh rbsoivbr projibehs, cokocgegbktos `bi coktbkg`o (sojrb (sojrb ios projibehs, rbsoiucgók b gkvbkcgóky`b bstos) y`b`g`èctgcos `bi H`beès, coktbkg`o bstu`ghktbs coeo rbsoiutorbs pr èctgchs prèctgchs bksbøhkzh). bk ukh `gebksgók hphrtb, sb bkcubktrhk ios lhctorbs hlbctgvos y crbbkcghs qub tgbkbk gkcg`bkcgh bk ih bksbøhkzh `b bsth coepbtbkcgh.

 

Lgfurh : Zbihcgokbs `bi Eo`bio `b cokocgegbkto phrh ih bksbøhkzh `b ih rbsoiucgók `b projibehs (Cmhpehk, :>82, p. 3:)

Sgk bejhrfo, bsth prgebrh hproxgehcgók ko prbtbk`b prb tbk`b sbr `blgkgtgvh, pubs coeo ih egseh hutorh pihktbh, bxgstb uk cokocgegbkto o bxpbrgbkcgh propgh, `bi luturo `ocbktb, qub ko sb cihsglgch coeo cokocgegbkto. Bk ^gøbgro, Chstro y Chstro-Zo`råfubz (:>882) y ih crbbkcgh qub sgepiglgchjh ih rbsoiucgók `b projibehs h ukh ebto`oiofåh, sok opubsths. Bs hså coeo `bs`b ih prbocuphcgók `b ih bksbøhkzh `b ih rbsoiucgók `b projibehs, sb mh hvhkzh`o h ukh prbocuphcgók por bksbøhr ih ehyor chktg`h` `b hspbctos qub po`råhk gkliugr bk ih bksbøhkzh bxgtosh `b ih rbsoiucgók `b projibehs1 h`beès sb coksg`brh thejgçk bi phpbi `b ihs cokcbpcgokbs y crbbkcghs, y ih propgh coepbtbkcgh phrh rbsoivbr projibehs. ^or thkto, bk bi egseo

 

coktbxto qub sb `blgkgó bi projibeh, sb hjor`h bi kubvo4 cóeo iofrhr qub ios luturos prolbsorbs hprbcgbk ios `gstgktos roibs qub pub`b dufhr ih rbsoiucgók `b projibehs bk ih bksbøhkzh `b ih ehtbeètgch, cóeo mhcbr qub hprbcgbk ih `glbrbkcgh bktrb su coksg`brhcgók coeo ukh ebto`oiofåh `b bksbøhkzh, y uk procb`gegbkto qub eg`b bi rbk`gegbkto ehtbeètgco, bktrb otros. ZBLIB]GOKBS LGKHIBS

Ih rblibxgók bs uk bibebkto prgeor`ghi phrh bi `bshrroiio prolbsgokhi ( Liorbs, :>>61 Dhworsag, ). Sgk bejhrfo, por `gvbrsos lhctorbs, ko bs ukh prèctgch cotg`ghkh bk ihs shihs `b prolbsorbs, coksbdos bscoihrbs o rbukgokbs r bukgokbs `ocbktbs. Bk bi cgcio `b rblibxgók `bscrgto bk bstb trhjhdo, sb ojsbrvhk ihs kuebroshs vbkthdhs `b rbhigzhr ukh prèctgch rblibxgvh, bspbcghiebktb cuhk`o ih pokb bk dubfo bi propgo loreh`or `b prolbsorbs. Ih potbkcghig`h` `b `bshrroiihr prolbsgokhiebktb h luturos loreh`orbs bs bxpokbkcghi por bi gephcto qub tbk`rè bk cgbktos `b prolbsorbs bk pocos høos.

8773

Bstb cgcio mh pbregtg`o g`bktglgchr hifukos `b bstos jbkblgcgos, bktrb ios cuhibs `bsthcheos4 h) ih potbkcghcgók `b uk trhjhdo bk bqugpo, cogkcg`bktb cok ios bxpubsto por Hisgkh (:>>6), qugçk hi prbsbkthr uk eo`bio `b lorehcgók blgchz, pihktbh qub ih rblibxgók y ihs coeukg`h`bs `b hprbk`gzhdb b gk`hfhcgók sok luk`hebkthibs, j) hyu`h h `gsegkugr ih coklrokthcgók tboråh-prèctgch, ukh cubstgók qub Fo`gko (8778) bxpokb coeo ukh `glgcuith` bktrb ih hch`begh y ios prolbsorbs, c) hepighr ih vgsgók sojrb bi tbeh projibeètgco, vgsuhigzèk`oio `b ehkbrh fiojhi y sgstçegch, `) coklrokthr ihs crbbkcghs cok ih prèctgch, y cihro, b) ebdorhr kubstrhs propghs prèctgchs, y por coksgfugbktb, ih chig`h` `b ih b`uchcgók qub rbcgjbk kubstros bstu`ghktbs. Bspbcålgchebktb bk bi èejgto `b loreh`orbs `b prolbsorbs, bi cgcio `b rblibxgók prbsbkth`o bxpokb uk tbeh trhksvbrshi `b ih bksbøhkzh `b ih ehtbeètgch, coeo bs ih rbsoiucgók `b projibehs, por io qub bi pro`ucto `b ih gkvbstgfhcgók `b Segtm (8778), ko soio tgbkb lrutos bk ih bscubih, sgko thejgçk bk b k ih hch`begh. Dukto cok bsto, bs gktbrbshktb qub bi loreh`or rblibxgokb sojrb quç `bjbråhk shjbr sus bstu`ghktbs (luturos prolbsorbs) y ko sóio sojrb hspbctos `b ihs thrbhs proporcgokh`hs o ebto`oiofåhs utgigzh`hs, coeo eubstrhk bxpbrgbkcghs rbhigzh`hs cok `ocbktbs `b huih (b. f. Øhkcupgi .,., :>83). bt hi 

^or to`o bsto, bs rbcoebk`hjib qub hctgvg`h`bs `b rblibxgók, sbhk phrtb, thkto `b ih lorehcgók gkgcghi y coktgkuh, coeo `bi `bshrroiio prolbsgokhi `bi loreh`or `b prolbsorbs. Bsto gepigchråh lhcgig`h`bs phrh qub bi `ocbktb, bk bi kgvbi qub sbh pub`h cokvbrtgrsb bk uk prolbsgokhi prèctgco rblibxgvo, pubs bs ukh ebth coepibdh pbro hichkzhjib, lhvorbcbr ih trhksgcgók h uk prolbsgokhi prèctgco rblibxgvo, bk `ok`b bi tçregko rblibxgvo sb bktgbk`h bk ih coepibdg`h` bktbrh qub gepigch.