Ciclo de Refrigeración Sistema Termoeléctrico de Generación de Potencia de Refrigeración 1 1

 

Rhcvbrscimi Hm`cehmo tb`heoðdc`m ib Ocam Pur

YCYROE6  @c`oe ib rblrcdbrm`cðh scstbam tbraeboã`trc`e ib dbhbrm`cðh ib petbh`cm ib rblrcdbrm`cðh  

@M @MWW WWBW BWM6 M6

 

Ch Chdb dbhc hcbr brám ám Ab Ab`í `íhc hc`m `m y Bo Boã` ã`tr trc` c`mm

[WELBPEW6 Ad. Lmgce Vbdmrrm @nequb MORAHEP6 Iívcom Num`nm`m ,Fuocbt   Auýez @bhtbhe, @mroes  

Wcvbrm Loerbs, Biwch Lrbbamh  

Pm`nuh Deyzubtm ,[bire Oucs  

]ucspb [m`nms , Brc`j 

OCAM ‐ [BWÖ

 

=.-Egfbtcves Bstuicmr oms `mrm`tbrástc`ms ib uh scstbam tbraeboã`trc`e, utcoczmie `eae scstbam ib rblrcdbrm`cðh y `eapmrmr chleram`cðh ib oes blb`tes ib [botcbr, bo blb`te ib Pbbgmb`j y blb`te Yneaseh.

=. Ch Chtr trei eiu`` u``cð cðhh

Om tbraebob`trc`cimi sb `ehscibrm `eae om rmam ib om tbraeichíac`m supbrpubstm m om bo bob`t b`trc rc`c `cim imii ie iehi hibb sb bstuic bstuicmh mh lbhða lbhðabh bhes es bh oe oess qu qubb ch chtb tbrvc rvcbhb bhbhh bo `m `moe oerr y om bob`trc`cimi. Bo blb`te tbraeboã`trc`e bs om `ehvbrscðh icrb`tm ib om iclbrbh`cm ib tbapbrmturm m veotmfb boã`trc`e y vc`bvbrsm, bs ib`cr, `umhie nmy uhm iclbrbh`cm ib tbapbrmturm bh `mim omie `rbe uh veotmfb y `umhie sb ob mpoc`m uhm tbhscðh `rbm uhm iclbrbh`cm ib tbapbrmturm. Pu capertmh`cm vm ib om amhe `eh sus icvbrses uses bh om bob`trc`cimi, per etre omie, abic`cðh ib tbapbrmturm (`ehtreomierbs ), bhlrcmacbhte, `mobhtmacbhte, e `e``cðh ib

 

egfbtes

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mpoc`mie

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=.=.Luhimabhte Ybðrc`e Muhqub oes lbhðabhes tbraeboã`trc`es sb `ehe`bh ibsib prch`cpces ibo scdoe ^C^, oms mpoc`m`cehbs tuvcbreh su ercdbh bh bhterhes rbstrchdcies `eae bo acoctmr y bo bspm`cmo. Purdb m chc`c chc`ces es ib oes mýes `ch`ubhtm, `eh drmhibs bxpb`tmtcvms bxpb`tmtcvms nm`cm bo luture. Ch`ouse sb oobdð m pbhsmr qub sustctucrám m oes trmic`cehmobs scstbams ib `eaprbscðh ib vmper. @umhie Feuob egsbrvð qub om amtbrcm elrb`b `cbrtm rbscstbh`cm mo aevcacbhte ib oes bob`trehbs, oes `umobs `bibh bhbrdám `chãtc`m mo bhterhe bh oes su`bscves `nequbs. Bstm bhbrdám preper`cehmim per oes bob`trehbs sb icscpm bh leram ib `moer. Pch bagmrde, he bs ãs ãstb tb bo öh öhc` c`ee lbhða lbhðabhe bhe ib ch chtb tbrm` rm``c `cðh ðh tb tbra raeb eboã oã`t `trc rc`m. `m. Mgmr Mgmr`m `m et etre ress blb`t blb`tes es cibhtclc`mies sbpmrmimabhtb6 Pbbgb`j, [botc [botcbr br y Yneaseh.

 

=.=.=.Blb`te Feuob Om aí aíss `e `ehe` he`ci cimm ch chtb tbrm` rm``c `cðh ðh bh bhtr trbb uh lbhða lbhðabh bhee bo boã` ã`trc trc`e `e,, om `e `ehiu hiu`` ``cð cðhh ib `errcbhtb boã`trc`m, y su lbhðabhe tãrac`e mse`cmie, bo `mobhtmacbhte ibo `ehiu`ter   per bo qub `cr`uom om `errcbhtb, bs bo Blb`te Feuob, bh etrms pmomgrms,bs bo `m `mob obht htmac macbh bhte te preiu preiu`c `cie ie `u `umh mhie ie uhm `e `errc rrcbh bhtb tb bo boã`t ã`trc rc`m `m pm pmsm sm m tr trmv mvãs ãs ib uh `ehiu`ter. Om amtbrcm elrb`b `cbrtm rbscstbh`cm mo aevcacbhte ib oes bob`trehbs, oes `umobs `bibh bhbrdám `chãtc`m mo bhterhe bh oes su`bscves `nequbs. Bstm bhbrdám  preper`cehmim per oes bob`trehbs sb s b icscpm bh leram ib `moer . 7

]  C   Wt  1

 ] 6Bs om bhbrdám `moerálc`m preiu`cim per om `errcbhtb  C6Bs om chtbhscimi ib om `errcbhtb qub `cr`uom  W6 Bs om rbscstbh`cm boã`trc`m ibo `ehiu`ter y t bs bo tcbape.

=.=.7.Blb`te Pbbgm`j  @ehscibrb ies momagrbs ib iclbrbhtbs abtmobs uhcies bh mages bxtrbaes (uhcehbs), leramhie uh `cr`ucte `brrmie. Erichmrcmabhtb he e`urrcrí hmim. Pch bagmrde, `umhie sb `mocbhtm uhe ib oes bxtrbaes su`bib mode chtbrbsmhtb6 uhm `errcbhtb louyb `ehtchumabhtb bh bo `cr`ucte, `eae sb egsbrvm bh om lcdurm. Bste sb `ehe`b `eae bo

blb`te Pbbgb`j, bh neher m Yneams Pbbgb`j, qucbh rbmoczð bstb ibs`ugrcacbhte bh =>7=.

 

@umhie uhm ib oms uhcehbs ib ies abtmobs iclbrbhtbs sb `mocbhtm, louyb uhm `errcbhtb C per bo `cr`ucte `brrmie. Bo `cr `cr`uc `ucte te qub ch` ch`erp erperm erm blb`te blb`tess tãr tãrac` ac`es es mibaís mibaís ib boã boã`tr `trc`e c`ess sb ibheac ibheachm hm `cr`ucte tbraeboã`trc`e, y uh icspesctcve qub epbrm bh bstb `cr`ucte sb ibheachm icspesctcve tbraeboã`trc`e. @umhie bo `cr`ucte tbraeboã`trc`e sb reapb, `eae sb aubstrm bh om lcdurm, om `err `errcb cbht htbb ibfm ibfm ib lo louc ucrr y bs pe pesc scgo gobb abic abicrr om lu lubr brzm zm ca capu puos oser ermm (o (omm lu lubr brzm zm bob`treaetrcz) e bo veotmfb dbhbrmie bh bo `cr`ucte abicmhtb uh veotáabtre.

@umhie sb reapb uh `cr`ucte tbraeboã`trc`e, sb dbhbrm uhm iclbrbh`cm ib petbh`cmo. bh uh `cr`ucte leramie per ies abtmobs icstchtes neaedãhbes, M y G, `eh ies uhcehbs m iclbrbhtb tbapbrmturm, Y y Y+ΙY, sb bstmgob`b uh loufe ib `errcbhtb boã`trc`m F, e gcbh, sc sb mgrb bo `cr`ucte uhm lubrzm tbrae bob`treaetrcz (l.t.b.a.) BMG qub ibpbhib ib oes abtmobs utcoczmies bh om uhcðh y ib om iclbrbh`cm ib tbapbrmturm bhtrb oms ies uhcehbs. Bh om Lcdurm sb aubstrm bo bsqubam ib oms `ehlcdurm`cehbs abh`cehmims.  

 

Om rbom`cðh bhtrb om l.t.b.a., BMG, y om iclbrbh`cm ib tbapbrmturms bhtrb oms uhcehbs ΙY, iblchb bo `eblc`cbhtb Pbbgb`j.

iehib νM y νG seh rbspb`tcvmabhtb oms petbh`cms tbraeboã`trc`ms mgseoutms ib M y G y seh `mrm`tbrástc`ms ib `mim abtmo. Bh dbhbrmo, νMG he bs `ehstmhtb, sche qub ibpbhib ib om tbapbrmturm Y. Bh `eh`ouscðh bo blb`te Pbbgb`j bs om lubrzm bob`treaetrcz dbhbrmim `umhie ies omies ib uh aeiuoe boã`trc`e sb amhtcbhbh m icstchtm tbapbrmturm

=.7.Blb`te [botcbr  Bo blb`te [botcbr `ehscstb bh bo bhlrcmacbhte e `mobhtmacbhte ib uhm uhcðh bhtrb ies `ehiu`terbs icstchtes mo pmsmr uhm `errcbhtb boã`trc`m per boom y qub ibpbhib bx`ouscvmabhtb ib om `eapesc`cðh y tbapbrmturm ib om uhcðh. Om petbh`cm `moerálc`m chtbr`magcmim bh om uhcðh bhtrb M y G bs

iehib

ϋ  MG bs

bo `eblc`cbhtb [botcbr, qub sb iblchb `eae bo `moer chtbr`magcmie bh om

uhcðh per uhcimi ib tcbape tcbape y ib `errcbhtb `errcbhtb qub `cr`uom m trmvãs ib om acsam, F bs bo loufe ib `errcbhtb boã`trc`m, ΙY om iclbrbh`cm ib tbapbrmturm mgseoutm bhtrb M-G y ν  MGbo

`eblc`cbhtb Pbbgb`j. [er oe tmhte, `eblc`cbhtb tmhte, mo `ehb`tmr `ehb`tmr om `boim lmgrc`mim lmgrc`mim m uhm lubhtb

ib mocabhtm`cðh ib `errcbhtb `ehtchum, om petbh`cm qub sb mgsergb `errbspehib m uh

 

tãrache ibgcie mo blb`te Feuob y etre ibgcie mo blb`te [botcbr sb ibtbrachm om  petbh`cm mgsergcim.

iehib  [bht bs om petbh`cm suachcstrmim per om lubhtb.

=.0.Blb`te Yneaseh @ehscstb bh om mgser`cðh e ocgbrm`cðh ib `moer per pmrtb ib uh `ehiu`ter boã`trc`e neaedãhbe, `eh uhm icstrcgu`cðh ib tbapbrmturms he neaedãhbm, per bo qub `cr`uom uhm `err `errcbh cbhtb, tb, bs ib`cr, ib`cr, `mo `mobht bhtmac macbht bhtee e bhlrcma bhlrcmacbh cbhte te preiu`c preiu`cie ie `um `umhie hie uhm `errcbhtb pmsm m trmvãs ib uh `ehiu`ter neaedãhbe bh om icrb``cðh ibo drmicbhtb ib tbapbrmturm.

Bo loufe hbte ib petbh`cm `moerálc`m per uhcimi ib veouabh, bh uh `ehiu`ter ib rbscstcvcimi r, `eh uh drmicbhtb oehdctuichmo ib tbapbrmturm, per bo qub `cr`uom uhm ibhscimi ib `errcbhtb F sbrí6

 

iehib π  bs bo `eblc`cbhtb Yneaseh. Bo prcabr tãrache `errbspehib mo blb`te Feuob, crrbvbrscgob, acbhtrms qub bo sbduhie bxprbsm bo blb`te Yneaseh, rbvbrscgob. Ibsmrreoomhie bstm bxprbscðh pmrm egtbhbr om rbom`cðh bhtrb bo `eblc`cbhtb Yneaseh y Pbbgb`j y tbhcbhie bh `ubhtm oms b`um`cehbs qub rcdbh oes blb`tes [botcbr y Pbbgb`j, sb oobdm m bstm b`um`cðh qubimhie pmrm om uhcðh

@eapmrm`cðh

ib

oes

blb`tes

7.Wblrcdbrmier Ybraeboã`trc`e Om rblrcdbrm`cðh tbraeboã`trc`m utcoczm bo blb`te [botcbr pmrm `rbmr uh loufe tãrac`e m trmvãs ib om uhcðh ib ies amtbrcmobs iclbrbhtbs, `eae abtmobs e sbac`ehiu`terbs tcpe [ y H. Rh rblrcdbrmier e `mobhtmier [botcbr e uhm geagm ib `moer tbraeboã`trc`m bs uhm geagm ib `moer m`tcvm bh bstmie sðocie qub

 

trmhslcbrb `moer ib uh omie ibo icspesctcve m etre epehcãhiesb mo drmicbhtb ib tbapbrmturm, `ehsuacbhie pmrm booe bhbrdám boã`trc`m. Rh chstruabhte ib bstb tcpe tmagcãh bs `ehe`cie `eae icspesctcve [botcbr, iceie [botcbr, geagm ib `moer [botcbr, rblrcdbrmier ib bstmie sðocie e rblrcdbrmier tbraeboã`trc`e .

=.9. Bfbapoes mpoc`mtcves Om rblrcdbrm`cðh tbraeboã`trc`m bs iclbrbhtb ib om rblrcdbrm`cðh ib `ehibhsm`cðh `ehvbh`cehmo tbhcbhie öhc`mabhtb bh `eaöh om preiu``cðh ib lráe. Pch bagmrde, `umhie bstí trmhslcrcãhiesb bhbrdám `eae `moer bh bo pre`bse ib rblrcdbrm`cðh, bo `moer ibgb sbr rbtcrmie ibo omie `mocbhtb ib om `ehbxcðh pmrm qub bo lráe pubim  preiu`crsb. [mrm abfermr om blc`cbh`cm bh bo omie lráe, sb usmh lrb`ubhtbabhtb supbrlc`cbs qub icscpbh bo `moer. Bstms supbrlc`cbs ib trmhslbrbh`cm ib `moer teamh om leram ib mobtms y vbhtcomierbs bh scstbams ib dms, e `eh trmhslbrbh`cm ib `moer m scstbams ib loucies qub usmh geagms pmrm om `cr`uom`cðh. Om `moblm``cðh y oms luh`cehbs rblrcdbrmhtbs ib uh scstbam tbraeboã`trc`e pubibh sbr chtbr`magcmims chvcrtcbhie om peomrcimi ib om `errcbhtb icrb`tm mpoc`mim m ão. He nmy hchduhm pmrtb aðvco, he nmy hmim qub sb ibtbrcerb ibtbrcerb sugsb`ubhtbabhtb sugsb`ubhtbabhtb hmim qub dbhbrb rucie. He nmy hchdöh rblrcdbrmhtb, per oe qub he bxcstb pregobam ibo amhbfe iboo `m ib `mag agce ce ib lmsbs. lmsbs. Wbmo Wbmocz czmh mhie ie uh uhmm mh mhmo moed edám ám `eh bo sc scst stba bamm ab`í ab`íhc hc`e `e ib `eaprbscðh ib vmper om prbscðh ib om tugbrám bs rbbapomzmim per chstmom`cðh boã`trc`m. Om `mpm`cimi rblrcdbrmhtb ib uhm seom `ehbxcðh tbraeboã`trc`m bs pbqubým, per oe qub bs prí`tc`e nm`br scstbams ib `mpm`cimibs gmfms ib rblrcdbrm`cðh. Pb nmh `ehstrucie scstbams tbraeboã`trc`es bh `mpm`cimibs mrrcgm ib 02.7 jT (=; tehbomims) ib mcrb m`ehic`cehmie usmhie vmrces bhsmagobs. Bo `ehtreo ib om `mpm`cimi bh uh scstbam tbraeboã`trc`e pubib sbr oedrmie vmrcmhie bo veotmfb e mpoc`mie uh `ehtreo ib veotmfb bh oms `ehbxcehbs e per abice ibo `magce bh oes `cr`uctes bh sbrcb e pmrmoboe. @eh oms gmfms ib veotmfb, om iclbrbh`cm ib tbapbrmturm bhtrb oes omies `mocbhtbs y lráes sb rbiu`b.

 

Etrm vbhtmfm bs qub uh scstbam tbraeboã`trc`e epbrmrí gmfe drmvbimi `bre, e au`nms vb`bs om lubrzm ib drmvbimi ib om tcbrrm, y epbrmrí bh `umoqucbr ercbhtm`cðh. Ãstm nm scie uhm `ehscibrm`cðh capertmhtb sbob``cehmhie mpoc`m`cehbs rblrcdbrmhtbs tbraeboã`trc`ms bh bo predrmam bspm`cmo mabrc`mhe. Rh scstbam tbraeboã`trc`e bs `mpmz ib epbrmr smtcslm`tercmabhtb m au`nes hcvbobs ib tbapbrmturm. [mrm au`nms mpoc`m`cehbs, oms vbhtmfms ib rblrcdbrm`cðh tbraeboã`trc`m pbsmh aís qub su ibsvbhtmfm prch`cpmo ib `eblc`cbhtb gmfe ib epbrm`cðh. Om lmotm ib pmrtbs aðvcobs y bocachm`cðh ib oáqucies rblrcdbrmhtbs seh `mrm`tbrástc`ms mtrm`tcvms. [mrm oms mpoc mpoc`m`cehb `m`cehbss acoc acoctmrbs, tmrbs, om rblrcdbrm`cðh rblrcdbrm`cðh tbraeboã`t tbraeboã`trc`m rc`m ibaubstrm ibaubstrm vbhtmfms vbhtmfms ibgcie mo he preiu`cr rucie, he bs drmhib, y qub `mrb`b ib vmperczm`cðh ibo rblrcdbrmhtb. Rhm uhcimi lub `ehstrucim pmrm chvbstcdmr bo use ib rblrcdbrm`cðh tbraeboã`trc`m pmrm om prbsbrvm`cðh ib tcbhims pbrb`bibrms sugamrchms (72;; T (>2;; Gtu)). Rh m`ehic`cehmier mãrbe sb `ehstruyð pmrm uh sugamrche pbqubýe (0=.4 jT (3 Yeh)). Bstms ies chstmom`cehbs preper`cehmreh mcrb rblrcdbrmie, `eh mdum qub bocache bo `moer ibo omie `mocbhtb. Rh `ehdbomier ib mdum sb `ehstruyð `eh mdum bh bo omie lrce, msá `eae bo use ib mdum pmrm bocachmr `moer qub nmy qub rb`nmzmr (4;;; T (79 ;;; Gtu/n)). Bh etrm mpoc`m`cðh acoctmr, scstbams ib mcrb-mmcrb ib mprexcamimabhtb >9.2 jT (79 Yeh) sb `ehstruyð pmrm rblrcdbrmr rbsdumries bob`trðhc`es aðvcobs. Om bspb`cmocimi ib oms mpoc`m`cehbs rblrcdbrmhtbs bs rbuhcim per ibscdhm`cehbs bspb`álc`ms. bspb`ál c`ms. Rhm uhcimi rblrcdbrmh rblrcdbrmhtb tb tbrae tbraeboã`tr boã`trc`m c`m sb `ehstruyð `ehstruyð pmrm dumrimr uhm uhcimi bob`trðhc`m. Bstm uhcimi sb m`epom bh uh bspm`ce pmrtc`uomr ibhtre ibo scstbam scstb am ib amhie ibo mvcðh, bstb bfbapoe bfbapoe ib vbrsmtc vbrsmtcocimi ocimi pescgob pmrm bstb tcpe ib rblrcdbrm`cðh. Nmy tmagcãh mpoc`m`cehbs bh mpmrmtes `eabr`cmobs. Moduhes ib ãstes seh6 uh rblrcdbrmier ib mdum petmgob, pmrm bo use bh oe`eaeterms ib icbsbo, uh pbqubýe rblrcdbrmier pmrm getbooms ib mdum tcpe lrcdegmr pmrm elc`chms y uh lrcdegmr pbqubýe  pmrm oes `umrtes ibo netbo. Om öotcam uhcimi bs `mpmz ib nbomr om gmhibfm ib `uge ib ncboe ib mdum Zmprexcamimabhtb ;.929 jd (= og)Q bh < nrs. Oes rblrcdbrmierbs  pbqubýes pertítcobs ib mprexcamimabhtb ;.7>0 a0 (= lt0) ib veouabh nmh scie `eabr`cmoczmies per vmrces lmgrc`mhtbs.

 

Moduhess pubibh epbrmr m uhm lubhtb ib =7; veots e ib uhm ib =7 veots @.I. ib uhm Moduhe  gmtbrám ib muteaðvco. Rhm uhcimi `uym `mpm`cimi bs ib ;.;2