Cibernetica Guia Examen

 

RIK_BXZKLCL ICJKMICA  CR\ÚIMEC LB EËTKJM. JMAB@KM LB JKBIJKCZ [ DRECIKLCLBZ WACI\BA ICRJCAWCI. JKHBXIË\KJC [ JMEWR\CJKÚI. ‑@RÅC BTÃEBI―.

DMXCXKM> ARIBZ [ EKËXJMABZ 33-3: \RXIM EC\R\KIM. JKJAM BZJMACX 873?-8730. 7: MJ\RHXB LBA 873?.

 

@RÅC BTÃEBI. 3. Ebijk Ebijkmic mic ams ci citbjblb tbjblbitbs itbs dk dkstúrkj stúrkjms ms lb ecym ecymrr kepmrt kepmrtcijkc cijkc lb lbaa mrk`b mrk`bi i lb ac Jkhbriëtkjc y pbrsmicnbs qub jmitrkhuybrmi c su lbscrrmaam (lb ecibrc pcrtkj pcr tkjuac uacr> r> Ebijkmib Ebijkmib ac jmi jmitrk trkhuj hujkúi kúi lb Crturm Crturm Xmsbihau Xmsbihaubtd btd,, Eci Eciuba uba Zcil Zc ilmv mvca ca _c _caaaacr crtc tc,, Nmdi Nmdi _m _mi i Ibue Ibueci ci)) (m lb Nuak Nuakci ci D Hk Hk`b `bam amw, w, C. C.I I Fmaem`mrmv, Jaculb B. Zdciimi, Caci E. \urki`, Ncebs Pctt). Ba mrk`bi prkijkpca lb ac jkhbriëtkjc, sb lbhb c ac kitb`rcjkúi lb bstulkms ectb ec tbeã eãtktkjms jms,, oå oåsk skjm jms, s, ki ki`b `bik ikbr brms, ms, okskúam`ms y tëjikjms pcrc cicakzcr ams skstbecs lb jmitrma bi acs eãqukics y ams sbrbs vkvms.  Acs pkblrcs ci`uacrbs lb jkhbriëtkjc smi ac tbmråc lb kiomrecjkúi, ac tbmråc lb ca`mrktems y ac tbmråc lb

ac ac ams ams

cutúectcs qub bstulkc ams eëtmlms lb jmistrujjkúi jmistrujjkúi lb ams skstb skstbecs ecs pcrc ba prmjbscekbitm lb ac kiomrecjkúi. Jchb sbócacr qub ui ocjtmr lbjkskvm bi ba prmjbsm lb jrbcjkúi lb ac iubvc jk jkbi bijk jkc c ou oub b ba jr jrbj bjke kekb kbit itm m ke kepbt pbtum umsm sm lb ac cu cutm tmeã eãtktkjc jc babjt babjtrúi rúikjc kjc y, bspbjkcaebitb, ac cpcrkjkúi lb acs jmeputclmrcs lb cjjkúi rãpklc. Wbrsmicnbs> 

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 Crturm Xmsbihaubtd>  Jkbitåokjm y eëlkjm ebxkjcim icjklm bi @ubrrbrm, Jdkducduc.   Csmjkclm Jdkducduc. Csmjkclm jmi ba Lr. Imrhbrt Pkbibr y Hk`bamw bsjrkhkú ba biscym lbimekiclm "Hbdcvkmr, Wurpmsb cil \bmam`y" qub skrvkú lb hcsb pcrc ac jrbcjkúi, pmr pcrtb lba Lr. Imrhbrt Pkbibr, lb ac iubvc jkbijkc aaceclc "Jkhbriëtkjc". Wmr bstc rczúi tcehkëi c ëa sb ab jmisklbrc ui pkmibrm lb bstc jkbijkc. Eciuba Zcilmvca _caacrtc>  Oåskjm ebxkjcim icjklm ba 33 lb obhrbrm lb 34;;, bstuvm bspbjkcakzclm bi ams rcyms júsekjms. Oub imekiclm ca prbekm Imhba y rbjkhkú ba Wrbekm Icjkmica lb Jkbijk Jkb ijkcs cs Bxcj Bxcjtcs tcs (3; (3;?3), ?3), ouilclmr ouilclmr lb ac Zmj Zmjkbl kblcl cl Ebx Ebxkjc kjcic ic lb Oåskjc y omreú pcrtb lb ac Ab`kúi lb Dmimr lb Orcijkc (3;28). \r \rch chcn cnú ú jmi Imhbr mhbrtt Pkbib kbibr, r, aab` aab`cr crm mi c ac jm jmij ijau ausk skúi úi lb ac kepmrtcijkc lb uikokjcr ac ebjãikjc juãitkjc y ac rbactkvklcl bspbjkca, qub ac `rcvktcjkúi y ba babjtrmec`ibtksem.

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Nmdi _mi Ibueci> _mi Ibuecii bsjrkhkú ui biscym qub kioaukråc lb ecibrc lbokiktkvc bi ac jmistrujjkúi y lksbóm lb acs jmeputclmrcs emlbrics. Ba crtkjuam lbsjrkhåc ac bstrujturc lb uic jmeputclmrc6 lkvklkbilm ba lksbóm bi uic uiklcl lb prmjbscekbitm, uic uiklcl lb jmitrma, ebemrkc kitbric y lkspmsktkvms lb bitrclc y lb scaklc. Ac pr prki kijk jkpc pcaa jm jmit itrk rkhu hujk jkúi úi brc qub lb lbit itrm rm lb ac eb ebe emr mrkc kc lb ac jmeputclmrc sb pmlåci caecjbicr prm`rcecs qub pmlråci abbrsb y pmstbrkmrebitb bnbjutcrsb eblkcitb acs kistrujjkmibs, ski ibjbsklcl lb tbibr qub vmavbr c bsjrkhkracs. Nuakci D Hk`bamw> Jaculb B. Zdc Jaculb Zdciim iimi> i> Xbcakz Xbcakzú ú cpmr cpmrtcj tcjkmi kmibs bs tbú tbúrkjc rkjcs, s, b kep kepuas uasú ú ac lk`ktcakzcjkúi ca bepabcr ac aú`kjc hmmabcic. Bi 3;  bi 3; 3;:0 :0,, pu puha hakj kjú ú ba cr crtå tåju juam am ‑M ‑Mi i jmep jmeput utch chab ab iuehbr iue hbrs―, s―, ba qubqub lbok lbokikú ikú uic oub ecquki ecqukic c tbúrkjc tbú rkjc lb lb jcp jcpcjk cjklcl lcl kiokiktc. Bstcbi eãqukic lbspuës aaceclc "Eãqukic \urki`" sb mpbrchc hcsãilmsb bi uic sbrkb lb kistrujjkmibs aú`kjcs qub brci abålcs lb uic jkitc lb pcpba pbromrclc y qub pmstbrkmrebitb bnbjutchc bnbjut chc lkjdcs acs mpbrcjkmibs bxprbscl bxprbsclcs cs bi ui abi`uc abi`ucnb nb omreca lbtbrekiclm.

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  dttp>//pmrtcacjclbekjm.jjd.uice.ex/caueim/jkhbribtkjc3/uiklcl3/ac dttp>//pmrtcacjclbekjm.jjd.uice.ex/caueim/jkhbribtkjc3/uiklcl3/ac Jkhbribtkjc/citbjblbitbsDkstmrkjms

8. ½Sukë ½Sukëi i oub Imh Imhbrt brt Pkb Pkbibr= ibr= ½Juã ½Juãaa oub su pr prkijkp kijkpca ca ab`c ab`clm lm ca lbscr lbscrrmaam rmaam l lb b ac jkhbriëtkjc=  Oub ui ectbeãtkjm bstclmuiklbisb qub c ac blcl lb 34 cóms yc jmitchc jmi ui lmjt lmjtmrc mrclm lm rb rbca cakz kzci cilm lm bstul bstulkm kmss hcscl hcsclms ms bi aú aú`kj `kjc c ec ectb tbeã eãtktkjc jc.. \b \biå iåc c eþatkpabs kitbrbsbs lb ams qub sb mjupcråc vkcncilm c lkobrbitbs uikvbrsklclbs y rb rbca cakz kzci cilm lm ki kivb vbst stk` k`cjk cjkmi mibs bs sm smhr hrb b ac tb tbmrå mråc c lb am amss bspcj bspcjkm kmss vb vbjt jtmr mrkc kcab abs, s, bstulkms smhrb sbrkbs y trcisomreclcs lb Omurkbr y smhrb tbmråc lb iþebrms  nuitm jmi mtrms imtchabs kivbstk`clmrbs lb ac ëpmjc.   Bi ams cóms jucrbitc, trchcncråc bi ams prkijkpkms lb ac Jkhbriëtkjc, ui tërekim qub cpmrtcråc bi su jëabhrb puhakjcjkúi lb imehrb "Jkhbriëtkjc m jmitrma y jmeuikjcjkúi bi ba cikeca y ac eãqukic", lbscrrmaaclc bi 3;//pmrtcacjclbekjm.jjd.uice.ex/caueim/jkhbribtkjc3/uiklcl3/acJkhbribtkj  c/citbjblbitbsDkstmrkjms

:. ½Wmr quë sb jm jmisklbrc isklbrc c ac J Jkhbriët khbriëtkjc kjc jmem ui uic c jkbijkc KKitbrlk itbrlksjkpak sjkpakicrkc= icrkc= Ac jkhbriëtkjc jkhbriëtkjc bs uic jkbijkc kitbr kitbrlksjkp lksjkpakicrk akicrkc c qub sb lblkj lblkjc c c bstulkcr y jmeprbilbr ac kitbrrbacjkúi qub bxkstb bitrb acs eãqukics y ba sbr duecim. (bs ac jkbijkc qub bstulkc skstbecs icturcabs, smjkcabs y, bi ba jcsm lb ac ectb ec tbrk rkc, c, lb su cp cpakakjcj jcjkúi kúi tb tbji jima maú` ú`kj kjc c jm jmi i ac okokic icakaklc lcl l lb bstc bstcha habj bjbr  br  rbacjk rba cjkmibs mibs bitrb sus bab babebi ebitms tms,, prmpmi prmpmibr br ui emlbam emlbam y bst bstchab chabjbr jbr uic ebtmlmam`åc pcrc kepabebitcr ui skstbec lb júeputm jcpcz lb rbjkhkr, caecjbicr y trcisomrecr ac kiomrecjkúi.) dttp>//pmrtcacjclbekjm.jjd.uice.ex/caueim/jkhbribtkjc3/uiklcl3/acJkhbribtkj  c/citbjblbitbsDkstmrkjms

//pmrtcacjclbekjm.jjd.uice.ex/caueim/jkhbribtkjc3/uiklcl3/acJkh bribtkjc/skstbecs

2. Lbs Lbsjrk jrkhb hb ams jmijb jmijbptm ptmss kep kepmrt mrtcit citbs bs rba rbacjkm cjkmicl iclms ms jmi skstbe skstbecs cs (sks (skstbe tbec, c, skstbec lb jmitrma, skstbec chkbrtm, jbrrclm, rbtrmcakebitcjkúi, emlbam)

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Zkstbec>  bs ‑ui `r Zkstbec>  `rupm upm lb jm jmep epmi mibi bitb tbss ki kitb tbrr rrba bacj cjkm kmic iclm lmss qu qub b trchcnci nuitms dcjkc ui oki jmeþi, cjbptcilm kiputs y prmlujkbilm mutputs bi ui prmjbsm lb trcisomrecjkúi mr`cikzclm.― Wcrtkbilm lb bstc lbokikjkúi pmlbems lbjkr qub ui skstbec publb lbsjrkhkrsb jmem ui jminu jminuitm itm lb babe babebitms bitms (mhnbtms, bitklcl bitklclbs bs m jmijbpt jmijbptms), ms), kitbrrbacjkmiclms lb ca`þi emlm c oki lb am`rcr ui mhnbtkvm jmeþi . Zkst Zkstbe bec c lb jmit jmitrm rma>a> Ri skst skstbe bec c lb jmit jmitrm rmaa bs ui cr crrb rb`a `am m lb jmepmibitbs oåskjms jmibjtclms lb tca ecibrc qub ba crrb`am sb publb jmecilcr, lkrk`kr m rb`uacr c så eksem m c mtrm skstbec. Ac jkhbriëtkjc jkhbri ëtkjc bstulk bstulkc c ac tbmrå tbmråc c lb ams skstbec skstbecss lb jmitrm jmitrmaa hcsclc bi ac jmeuikjcjkúi (trcisobrbijkc lb kiomrecjkúi) bitrb skstbecs y eblkm cehkbitb m kitbricebitb bi ba skstbec, y bi ba jmitrma (rbtrmcakebitcjkúi) lba ouijkmicekbitm lba skstbec. Zkst Zkstbe bec c jb jbrrc rrclm> lm> Cqu Cquba ba qu qub b im tktkbi bib b ce cehk hkbit bitb b ik jm jmit itbx bxtm tm.. Im prbsbitci kitbrjcehkm jmi ba eblkm cehkbitb qub ams rmlbc, smi dbreët dbr eëtkjm kjmss c juc jucaqu aqukbr kbr kioaub kioaubijkc ijkc ceh cehkbit kbitca. ca. Im rbjk rbjkhbi hbi iki iki`þi `þi rbjursm bxtbrim y iclc prmlujbi qub sbc bivkclm dcjkc oubrc. \c \ceh ehkë këi i sb cp cpak akjc jc ams ba babebitms tëre tëreki kim m cy rbacjkmibs ams ams skst skstbe becs csjmehkici jmep jmepab abtc tceb ebit itb b bstrujturclms, lmilb sb lb uic ecibrc pbjuakcr y rå`klc prmlujkbilm uic scaklc kivcrkchab, jmem acs eãqukics. Bi rk`mr, im bxkstbi  skstbecs jbrrclms. Zb lc ba imehrb lb skstbec jbrrclm c cqubaams skstbecs juym jmepmrtcekbitm bs lbtb lb tbre reki kiås åstktkjm jm y pr prm` m`rc rcec eclm lm y qu qub b mpbr mpbrc c jmi jmi eu euyy pb pbqu qubó bóm m kitbrjcehkm lb bibr`åc y ectbrkc jmi ba cehkbitb.

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Zkstbec chkbrtm> Cquba qub tkbib eblkm cehkbitb ú sk kitbrcjtþc jmi su eblkm cehkbitb. Ams skstbecs chkbrtms prbsbitci kitbrjcehkm jmi ba cehkbitb, c trcvës lb bitrclcs y scaklcs. Kitbrjcehkci bibr`åc y ectb ec tbrk rkc c jmi ba ce cehk hkbit bitb. b. Zmi Zmi cl clcpt cptct ctkv kvms ms pcr pcrc c sm smhr hrbvk bvkvk vkr. r. Zu bstrujturc bs úptkec jucilm ba jminuitm lb babebitms lba skstbec sb mr`cikzc, cprmxkeãilmsb c uic mpbrcjkúi clcptctkvc

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Xbtrmcakebitcjkúi>  bs uic jcrcjtbråstkjc lb ams skstbecs lb jmitrma lb aczm jbrrclm qub ams lkstki`ubi lb ams skstbecs lb aczm chkbrtm. Bstms skstbecs pbrektbi qub ac scaklc (m jucaqukbr mtrc vcrkchab jmitrmaclc lba skstbec) sbc jmepcrclc jmi ac bitrclc ca skstbec, lb tca ecibrc qub sb publc bstchabjbr ac cjjkúi lb jmitrma cprmpkclc jmem ouijkúi lb ac bitrclc y ac scaklc. Emlbam>  Ric skepakokjcjkúi qub kektc ams obiúebims lba euilm rbca, lb emlm qub sb publci jmeprbilbr acs sktucjkmibs jmepabncs y pmlc pm lcem emss dc dcjbr jbr prb prblk lkjjk jjkmi mibs bs.. Am Amss em emlb lbam amss sm smi i eu euyy þt þtkakabs bs pc pcrc rc lbsj lb sjrkh rkhkr kr,, bx bxpa pakj kjcr cr m jm jmep eprb rbilb ilbrr eb ebnm nmrr ac rb rbca cakl klcl, cl, ju jucil cilm m bs kepmskhab trchcncr lkrbjtcebitb bi ac rbcaklcl bi så. <

 

dttp>//pmrtcacjclbekjm.jjd.uice.ex/caueim/jkhbribtkjc3/uiklcl3/acJkh bribtkjc/skstbecs

?. Bxp Bxpakj akjc c ams babeb babebitm itmss lb ui skst skstbec bec (sb bspb bspbrc rc lbsjr lbsjrkhc khc ams bab babebi ebitms tms y jmij jmijbp bptm tmss ke kepm pmrt rtci citb tbss jmem jmem sbóc sbócaa ke kepu puas asmr mrc, c, lb jmit jmitrm rma,a, sbóc sbócaa lb rbtrmcakebitcjkúi, pbrturhcjkúi, scaklc jmitrmaclc,...) Ri skstbec lb jucaqukbr tkpm qub bstb sbc, jmistc lb pmr am ebims ams sk`ukbitbs babebitms> 

  Bitrclcs> Bitrclcs>  Xb Xbju jurs rsms ms lb lbaa eb eblk lkm m qub qub ou ouij ijkmi kmici ci jm jmem em ki kisu suem emss pc pcrc rc ba

prmjbsm. 

  Wrmjbsm>\rcisomrec m prmjbsc uic bitrclc bi scaklc6 bs uic cjtkvklcl m

obiúebim qub emlkokjc acs bitrclcs pcrc prmlujkr ui rbsuatclm. 

  Zcaklc(s)>Zmi ams rbsuatclms qub sb mhtkbibi lb prmjbscr acs bitrclcs.

rbtrmcakebitcjkúi tcjkúi>> bs ui Jclc sks Jclc skstbe tbec c tkb tkbib ib clbeãs clbeãs ac pms pmskhk khkakl aklcl cl lb  rbtrmcakebi jmijbptm qub sb jmitbepac jucilm c ac jkhbriëtkjc ab kitbrbsc júem dcjbr  qub ui skstbec prmpmrjkmib ac rbspubstc qub sb bspbrc m sb ibjbsktc. dttp>//pmrtcacjclbekjm.jjd.uice.ex/caueim/jkhbribtkjc3/uiklcl3/acJkh bribtkjc/skstbecs

0. Bxpak Bxpakjc jc quë bs ac rbt rbtrmcake rmcakebitcjk bitcjkúi. úi. Xbt Xbtrmcake rmcakebitcjk bitcjkúi úi pmsktk pmsktkvc vc y ib`ctk ib`ctkvc vc Ac rbt rbtrmc rmcakakeb ebit itcj cjkú kúi i pu publ blb b sbr pmsk pmsktktkvc, vc, ib ib`ct `ctkv kvc c m jm jmep epbis biscl clc. c. Ac rbtrmcakebitcjkúi bs ib`ctkvc jucilm su ouijkúi jmiskstb bi jmitbibr m rb`uacr ba jcehkm, bs pmsktkvc sk cepakokjc m euatkpakjc ba jcehkm bi uic lkrbjjkúi lbtbrekiclc y sb lkjb qub bs jmepbisclc jucilm ui rb`uaclmr  bnbrjb catbriclcebitb rbtrmcakebitcjkmibs pmsktkvcs y ib`ctkvcs, sb`þi acs ibjbsk ibj bsklclb lclbss lba eci ecitbi tbikek kekbit bitm m lb ac bst bstchka chkaklc klcl l lba sks skstbe tbec c rb` rb`uacl uaclm. m. (bnbepam Xbork`brclmr, \bepbrcturc Duecic). dttp>//www.cprbilkzcnb.jme.ex/\bmrkcZkstbecs/Jkhbribtkjc/jkhbribtkjc.dte a  2

 

4. Bnbep Bnbepakok akokjc jc am cit citbrkmr, brkmr, c trcvës lb ac eãqu eãqukic kic lb vcp vcpmr mr lb N.Pc N.Pctt. tt.

;. Lks Lksbóc bóc ui skstb skstbec ec pcrc ca ebi ebims ms trbs lb ams sk` sk`ukb ukbitb itbss bnbepa bnbepams> ms> oãhr oãhrkjc kjc,, dmspktca, blujcjkúi, rbork`brclmr, jmeputclmrc y cutmeúvka, bitrb mtrms. 

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Jmeputclmrc> Ric jmeputclmrc qub rbsubavb ui prmhabec, bs ui skstbec lkiãekjm qub rbjkhb, pmr sus lkspmsktkvms lb bitrclc ac kiomrecjkúi kiomre cjkúi jmijbrikbitb jmijbrikbitb c ams lctms y c acs kistru kistrujjkmibs jjkmibs pcrc ac smaujkúi lba prmhabec qub ab suekikstrb ba dmehrb, trcisomrecilm amss lct am lctms ms,, lb cj cjub ubrl rlm m jm jmi i ac acss ki kist stru rujj jjkmi kmibs, bs, bi ba rb rbsu suatatcl clm m bspbjkokjclm pmr ba prmhabec, ba juca sb suekikstrc ca dmehrb pmr  acs scaklcs.

 Cutmeúvka> Acs pcrtbs eúvkabs bsbijkcabs qub dcjbi qub sb pmi`c bi ecrjdc, sb lbtbi`c y lb vubatc, smi pmjcs y euy skekacrbs skekacrbs bi jucaq ju caqukb ukbrr cu cutme tmeúv úvka. ka. C pbs pbscr cr lb acs bi bimr mreb ebss lk lkob obrb rbij ijkcs kcs bi lksbó lk sbóm, m, rb rbil ilke kekb kbit itm m y jm jmst stms ms,, ac ec ecym ymrå råc c lb am amss cut cutme meúv úvkakabs bs ouijkmici jmi ams eksems prkijkpkms ebjãikjms. Wcrc jmeprbilbr  ebnmr jmem ouijkmic ui cutmeúvka c jmitkiucjkúi sb emstrcrci amss skb am skbtb tb sk skst stbe becs cs qub am jm jmep epmib mibi> i>  Emt Emtmr> Bs ui tkpm lb eãquk eã qukic ic qu qub b mht mhtkbi kbib b bib bibr` r`åc åc eb ebjã jãikj ikjc c lk lkrb rbjt jtce cebit bitb b lb ac bibr`åc quåekjc prmlujklc pmr ui jmehustkhab qub crlb lbitrm lb uic jãecrc lb jmehustkúi. Ri emtmr tkbib lb 387 c 327 pcrtbs eúvk eú vkab abss qu qub b lb lbhb hbi i sb sbrr au auhr hrkj kjcl clcs cs pc pcrc rc bv bvktktcr cr ba lb lbs` s`cs cstb tb bxjbskvm.\rbi prmpuasmr> prmpuasmr> Ac oubrzc emtrkz qub bitrb`c ba emtmr  aac`c c acs rublcs pmr eblkm lba trbi prmpuasmr, sus jmepmibitbs jmepmibitbs lbpb lb pbil ilbi bi lb ac pm pmsk skjk jkúi úi lb lbaa em emtm tmrr y ba tktkpm pm lb tr trci cise seks kskú kúi i (lbacitbrc m trcsbrc), bi tmlms ams jcsms bijmitrcems ac jcnc lb jcehkms qub pbrektb vcrkcr ac oubrzc, vbamjklcl y lkrbjjkúi bi qub ?

 

Orbims> Bstms babebitms cvcizc ba cutmeúvka.  Xkibs, Aacitcs y Orbims> trc rchc hcnc nci i bi jm jmin inui uittm sm smpm pmrt rtci cilm lm ba pb pbsm sm lb lbaa cu cuttme meú úvk vkaa y rbsk rb skst stkbi kbilm lm lk lkvb vbrs rscs cs ou oubr brzc zcs. s. Cl Clbe beãs ãs pb pbre rektktbi bi ui jm jmit itcj cjtm tm clbjuclm pmr cldbrbijkc y orkjjkúi jmi ba pcvkebitm, pmskhkaktcilm ba crrciqub y ac lksekiujkúi m lbtbijkúi tmtca lba cutmeúvka. Zuspb Zu spbisk iskúi úi>> Bs ba jm jmin inuit uitm m lb ba babe bebit bitms ms qu qub b chs chsmr mrhb hbi i acs krrb`uacrklclbs lba tbrrbim pmr ba qub sb jkrjuac ba cutmeúvka pcrc cuebitcr ac jmemlklcl y ba jmitrma lba vbdåjuam. Ba skstbec lb suspbiskúi cjtþc bitrb ba jdcsks y acs rublcs, acs jucabs rbjkhbi lb omre omrec c lkrbjt lkrbjtc c acs krrb`uacrklclbs krrb`uacrklclbs lb ac supbr supbrokjkb okjkb trcisktclc. trcisktclc.  2. Lkrbjjkúi> Bs ba jminuitm lb ebjciksems qub tkbibi ac ekskúi lb mrkb mr kbit itcr cr acs ru rublc blcss lb lbaci acitb tbrc rcss pc pcrc rc qu qub b ba cu cutme tmeúv úvkaka tm tmeb eb ac trcybjtmrkc lbsbclc pmr ba jmilujtmr. ?. Zkstbec Baëjtrkjm> Bstb sb jmepmib pmr uic hctbråc lb 38 vmatkms ac juca prmpmrjkmic ac jmrrkbitb kikjkca ca emtmr lb crrciqub, tcehkëi bivåc jmrrkbitb c ac hmhkic qub ac trcisomrec dcstc bi s> Zmi ba smpmrtb hãskjm pcrc tmlms ams jmepmibitbs lba cutmeúvka, cutme úvka, lbslb ba emtmr dcstc ams cskbit cskbitms, ms, clbeãs prmtb`bi c tmlm tm lmss su suss ba babe bebi bitm tmss y c am amss pc pcsc scnb nbrm rmss lb ac acss jm jmil ilkj kjkm kmib ibss cehkbitcabs, cehkbi tcabs, tcehkëi ab lci ac omrec y bab`cij bab`cijkc kc jcrcjtbråstkjc jcrcjtbråstkjc ca cutmeúvka prmpmrjkmiãilmab uic supbrokjkb cbrmlkiãekjc. 

Dmspktca>a> Ams lmjtmrbs Dmspktc lmjtmrbs rbsubav rbsubavbi bi ui prmhabe prmhabec c eëlkjm, eëlkjm, bs ui skstbec lkiãekjm qub rbjkhb pmr sus bitrclcs ac kiomrecjkúi qub jmit jm itkb kbib ibi i am amss lc lcttms lb lbaa pr prmh mhab abe ec lb su suss pc pcjk jkbi bitb tbss y ac acss sustktujkmibs pcrc su smaujkúi, trcisomrecilm acs biobreblclbs, lb cj cjub ubrl rlm m jm jmi i ac acss ki kist stru rujj jjkmi kmibs bs qu qub b lb lbi, i, pc pcrc rc ba rb rbsu suatatclm clm bspbjkokjclm pmr ba prmhabec.

 

dttp>//pmrtcacjclbekjm.jjd.uice.ex/caueim/jkhbribtkjc3/uikl  cl3/acJkhbribtkjc/skstbecs

 

dttp>//www.smjkblclytbjimam`kc.mr`

37.½Suë bs ui emlbam= Lc bnbepams lb lkobrbitbs tkpms lb emlbams. Ric skepakokjcjkúi qub kektc ams obiúebims lba euilm rbca, lb emlm qub sb pub ublc lci i jm jme epr prbi bilb lbrr acs acs skt sktuc ucjjkmib kmibss jm jme epabn pabncs cs y pml mlce cems ms dc dcjjbr  prbl prblkj kjjk jkmi mibs bs.. Ams emlb emlbam amss sm smi i eu euyy þtka þtkabs bs pc pcrc rc lb lbsj sjrk rkhk hkr, r, bxpak bxpakjcr jcr m jmeprbilbr ebnmr ac rbcaklcl, jucilm bs kepmskhab trchcncr lkrbjtcebitb bi 0

 

ac rbcaklcl bi så. *Ciãam`ms y lk`ktcabs> Ac lkobrbijkc hãskjc bitrb ams emlbams lk`ktcabs y ams emlbams cicaú`kjms rbsklb bi qub ams prkebrms bstãi bst ãi jml jmlkok kokjclm jclmss bi jkorcs, jkorcs, am qub pbre pbrektb ktb su trc trctce tcekbi kbitm tm pmr ebl eblkms kms ki kiom omre reãt ãtkj kjms. ms. Wcrc Wcrc aaaab` b`cr cr c ac ba bachm chmrc rcjk jkúi úi lb am amss em emlb lbam amss lk`k lk`ktc tcab abss bs ibjbscrkm, pmr tcitm, bobjtucr ui prmjbsm lb jmlkokjcjkúi lb ac kiomrecjkúi, eujd eu jdcs cs vbj vbjbs bs mrk mrk`k `kic iclcs lcs lb ui emlb emlbam am ci cica caú` ú`kj kjm, m, qu qub b pb pbre rektktb b ui uic c rbprbsbitcjkúi vkrtuca bi omrec lb jkorcs6 bstb prmjbsm bs jmimjklm jmem lksjrbt lks jrbtkzc kzcjkú jkúi. i. Acs rba rbacjk cjkmibs mibs bspcjk bspcjkcab cabss m acs jcrcjtb jcrcjtbrås råstkj tkjcs cs qub sb lbsbci rbprbsbitcr sb trclujbi c lkobrbitbs tkpms lb bstrujturcs iueërkjcs (vbjtmrbs, ectrkjbs, jminuitms, btj.) m c bxprbskmibs ectbeãtkjc.* Dåhrklms> Zk hkbi bxkstbi eujdcs omrecs lb lbsjrkhkr lkobrbitbs suhskstbecs pmr  sbpcrclm sbpcrcl m qub bstãi rbacjkmiclm rbacjkmiclms, s, sb ibjbskt ibjbsktc c ui emlbam þikjm pcrc pmlbr  jmeprbilbr acs rbacjkmibs jcusc-bobjtm lb ecibrc tmtca y mptkekzcr ba lksbóm lba prmjbsm m skstbec bi omrec `amhca qub sb qukbrc bstulkcr.Ams skstbecs dåhrklms sur`kbrmi jmem uic rbspubstc c ac ibjbsklcl lb kitb`rcr  ams emlbam emlbamss lki lkiãek ãekjms jms lb suhs suhskst kstbec becss lb lkobrb lkobrbitb itbss ict icturca urcabzcs bzcs.. Ri skstbec dåhrklm bs cquëa lmilb bxkstbi vcrkms emlms lb mpbrcjkúi, lb lkiãekjc jmitkiuc bi ba tkbepm, y trciskjkmibs bitrb lkjdms emlms, qub mjurrbi bi jkbrtms kistcitbs, hcnm jkbrtcs jmilkjkmibs. Bstcs trciskjkmibs smi lbsjrktcs c trcvës lb emlbams lkiãekjms lb tkpm lksjrbtm. Bi pmjcs pcachrcs, ams skstbecs dåhrklms kitb`rci lkiãekjcs jmitkiucs y lksjrbtcs. Mhtb Mh tbib ibrr ui em emlba lbam m rb rbac actktkvce vcebi bitb tb skep skepab ab lb ac lkiã lkiãek ekjc jc lb lbaa sk skst stbe bec c jmepabtm publb sbr uic tcrbc crluc y bs bi bstb puitm lmilb ams emlbams dåhrklms smi lb `rci utkaklcl.*Ectbeãtkjms> Ri emlbam ectbeãtkjm bs ui tkpm lb emlbam jkbitåokjm qub utkakzc ca`þi omreuaksem ectbeãtkjm pcrc bxprbsc bxp rbscrr rbacjk rbacjkmib mibs, s, prm prmpmsk pmskjkm jkmibs ibs sus sustci tcitkv tkvcs cs lb dbjd dbjdms, ms, vcr vcrkcha kchabs, bs, pcrã pc rãeb ebtr trms ms,, bi bitktklc lclbs lbs y rb rbac acjk jkmi mibs bs bi bitr trb b vcr vcrkc kcha habs bs y/ y/m m bit bitkl klcl clbs bs u mpbrcjkmibs. Bstms emlbams sb utkakzci pcrc cicakzcr ams jmepmrtcekbitms lb skstbecs jmepabnms citb sktucjkmibs qub rbsuatci lkoåjkabs lb mhsbrvcr  bi ac rbcaklcl. Ams emlbams ectbeãtkjms publbi lkvklkrsb bi lbtbrekikstcs (i (im m dcy dcy ki kijbr jbrtktklu lueh ehrb rb rbspbj rbspbjtm tm c ac om omre rec c lb lbaa rbs rbsua uatc tclm lm y am amss lc lctm tmss utkakzclms smi jmepabtcebitb jmimjklms y lbtbrekiclms) y bstmjãstkjms (smi emlbams prmhchkaåstkjms, yc qub im sb jmimjb ba rbsuatclm bspbrclm skim su prmhchkaklcl). dttp>//pmrtcacjclbekjm.jjd.uice.ex/caueim/jkhbribtkjc3/uiklcl3/acJkhbrib tkjc/emlbams

33.Xbcakzc lkvbrscs mpbrcjkmibs bi lkobrbitbs hcsbs pmr bnbepam> c. Jmi Jmivkb vkbrtb rtb ba iþe iþebrm brm (820 (820:.: :.: 37373.3373 bitrb 337.33

   

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  X. Suktcilm ams 4 qub im jmrrbspmilbi ca skstbec mjtca qub sb ecibnci bi bstc mpbrcjkúi ba rbsuatclm bs> 37 O5 CHJ+CHJ+CHJ+CHJ  

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3 lkspmsktkvm qub chrb y jkbrrc ui jkrjuktm baëjtrkjm. Jmepubrtc Aú`kjc>  Ric jmepubrtc aú`kjc bs ui lkspmsktkvm qub ims pbrektb mhtbibr rbsuatclms, lbpbilkbilm lb ams vcamrbs lb acs sbócabs qub ab ki`rbsbems. Bs ibjbscrkm cjacrcr bitmijbs qub acs jmepubrtcs aú`kjcs sb jmeuikjci bitrb så (kijauklms ams ekjrmprmjbsclmrbs), uscilm ba skstbec HKICXKM. Jkrjuktm Baacs jkrjuktm baëjtrkjm bs ba rbjmrrklm prbbstchabjklm pmr  ba qub sbbaëjtrkjm> lbspaczci jcr`cs baëjtrkjcs. 37

 

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Jkrju Jkrjuktktm m aú aú`k `kjm> jm> Ams jkrju jkrjuktktms ms aú aú`k `kjm jmss sm smi i cq cqub ubaaaams ms qub qub ec ecib ibnc nci i ac kiomrecjkúi bi omrec lb ‑3― y ‑7 y jmepubrtcs dttp>//crjdkvms.nurklkjcs.uice.ex/www/hnv/akhrms/3/3 3

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30.Lksbóc ba jkrjuktm aú`kjm y bepabcilm jmepubrtcs aú`kjcs rbcakzc ba creclm lb ac sk`ukbitb eãqukic> Zb schb qub uic eãqukic ebzjaclmrc lb abjdb, utkakzc : kisuems ‑Abjdb bi Wmavm―, ‑C`uc― y ‑@rcsc _b`btca―, ac eãqukic prmlujb abjdb, hcnm ams sk`ukbitbs supubstms > m

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3) Ciã Ciãaks aksks> ks> Bit Bitrcl rclcs> cs> abjdb abjdb bi pma pmavm vm (Ap), c`uc (C), `rcsc `rcsc vb`btca vb`btca (@). Zcaklc> abjdb (A) 8) \c \cha hac cl lb b vvbr brlc lcl l Ap 7 7 7 7 3 3 3 3

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